CN107541068B - Intelligent driving composite material, preparation method and application - Google Patents
Intelligent driving composite material, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN107541068B CN107541068B CN201710918374.5A CN201710918374A CN107541068B CN 107541068 B CN107541068 B CN 107541068B CN 201710918374 A CN201710918374 A CN 201710918374A CN 107541068 B CN107541068 B CN 107541068B
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Abstract
The invention provides an intelligent driving composite material which can deform under external electric driving, optical driving and thermal driving stimuli and automatically recover to an original shape after the external stimuli are removed. The invention also provides a preparation method of the composite material, which comprises the three steps of preparing the nanotube film, preparing the polymer liquid and preparing the composite material; the invention also provides the application of the composite material, and the composite material can be used for jumping robots, intelligent curtains, thermal control shutters, bionic flowers and temperature sensors. The intelligent driving composite material provided by the invention has the advantages that: the bionic robot can sense different stimulus sources such as sunlight, simulated sunlight, electricity and heat, has a wide application range, can realize bionic functions such as jumping and the like, and has a good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent driving materials, in particular to an intelligent driving composite material, a preparation method and application.
Background
The intelligent driving material is originated from bionics, and is a novel functional material which can sense external energy stimulation such as electricity, light, magnetism, heat and the like and appropriately respond through self shape change. The traditional driving system has a complex structure and a complicated energy conversion mode, so that the system structure is not only large and complex, but also difficult to master. And the intelligent material can realize the simplification and the intelligence of the system. Therefore, the intelligent driving material has become the research focus in the field of bionics. And has important research value and wide application prospect in the fields of software bionic robots, artificial muscles, sensors, flexible intelligent mechanical systems and the like.
The key to realizing the application of the intelligent driving material is to develop the high-performance intelligent driving material, which comprises simple material structure design, large deformation displacement, fast response speed and controllable deformation behavior. With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes and graphene have been rapidly developed in the research aspect of intelligent driving materials due to their excellent properties. However, more driver materials currently under investigation tend to respond to only one stimulus, typically either an electrical or optical stimulus. The two stimulation sources have respective characteristics, and are the most widely researched and most convenient energy stimulation sources at present. This response to only a single stimulus can greatly limit the range of applications for smart materials. Therefore, there is a great need to develop a high-performance driving material that responds to various stimuli such as electrical signals and optical signals. In addition, since nature has almost endless solar light sources, the development of intelligent driving materials capable of generating deformation under natural sunlight irradiation is a very valuable research topic, but has great challenges.
In addition, for the intelligent driving material which is researched at present, although some basic bionic application prototypes including a crawling robot, a bionic manipulator, a swimming robot and the like can be realized preliminarily. But still lack research progress for more complex and advanced biomimetic behaviors, such as jumping, flying, etc.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an intelligent composite material which has response to various stimulus sources including sunlight and can realize bionic functions such as jumping and the like.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:
an intelligent driving composite material, which can deform under external electric driving, optical driving and thermal driving stimulation and automatically recover the original shape after the external stimulation is removed.
Preferably, the light drive is laser or solar or simulated solar.
Preferably, the composite material is a composite film comprising a polymer layer and a carbon nanotube layer.
Preferably, the composite material is naturally curved towards the polymer layer to form a tubular structure.
Preferably, the thickness of the polymer layer is 30 to 150 μm.
Preferably, the composite material is capable of deforming at an angle of 235 ° within a time of 4.86S under a 10V dc voltage stimulus, and unfolding from a coiled shape to a straight shape.
Preferably, the composite material can be at 250W/cm2The simulated solar light of (2) is deformed at an angle of 225 ° within a time of 0.83S, and is developed from a rolled shape to a flat shape.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the intelligent driving composite material, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: dispersing carbon nano tube powder into a solvent to form uniform dispersion liquid, placing the dispersion liquid on a substrate, and heating and evaporating to form a carbon nano tube film;
step 2: uniformly mixing polymer materials to obtain polymer liquid;
and step 3: spin coating polymer liquid on the carbon nanotube film, and heating and curing the polymer layer to form; and peeling the polymer/carbon nanotube double-layer structure film from the substrate to obtain the intelligent driving composite film with a coiled structure.
Preferably, the carbon nanotube powder in step 1 is one of a single-walled carbon nanotube, a double-walled carbon nanotube, or a multi-walled carbon nanotube.
Preferably, the solvent in step 1 is one of nitrogen, nitrogen-dimethylacetamide, nitrogen-dimethylformamide, and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
Preferably, the concentration of the carbon nanotube dispersion liquid in the step 1 is 0.2-5 mg/ml.
Preferably, the substrate in step 1 is one of glass, teflon, metal, ceramic and silicon wafer.
Preferably, the temperature range for evaporating the solvent in the step 1 is 40-200 ℃.
Preferably, the carbon nanotube powder in step 1 is uniformly dispersed in the solvent by ultrasound.
Preferably, the polymer in step 2 is PDMS.
Preferably, the polymeric material in step 2 is mixed by ultrasonic agitation.
Preferably, the curing and forming temperature of the polymer in the step 3 is 80-200 ℃.
The invention also discloses the application of the intelligent driving composite material, and the composite material can be used for jumping robots, intelligent curtains, thermal control shutters, bionic flowers and temperature sensors.
The intelligent driving composite material provided by the invention has the advantages that: the bionic robot can sense different stimulus sources such as sunlight, simulated sunlight, electricity and heat, has a wide application range, can realize bionic functions such as jumping and the like, and has a good application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a roll shape of an intelligent drive composite provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional scanning electron microscope image of an intelligent driving composite provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the change in shape of a coiled smart composite under external electrical stimulation;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the change of the shape of the intelligent driving composite material in a rolled shape under the action of simulated sunlight according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the change of the intelligent driving composite material in a rolled state under the action of real sunlight, provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a change form of a hopping robot made of an intelligent driving composite material with a rolling form under illumination conditions, according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the variation of a bionic flower made of the intelligent driving composite material with a curled shape under the sun illumination according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a graph showing the variation of sunflower at different temperatures, which is made of the intelligent driving composite material with a curling shape provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, an intelligent driving composite material, the composite material 4 bit includes a composite film of a polymer layer 41 and a carbon nanotube layer 42; the composite material 4 can be deformed under external electric drive, optical drive and thermal drive stimulation, and automatically restores the original shape after the external stimulation is removed; the composite material 4 is bent towards the polymer layer 41 in a natural state to form a tubular structure. The thickness of the polymer layer is 30-150 μm. The light drive is laser or sunlight, and can also be artificial simulated sunlight such as a xenon lamp.
The intelligent driving composite material provided by the invention can generate deformation under the stimulation of an external electric signal and the stimulation of illumination, and is changed into a straight shape from a curled shape; under the stimulation of 10V DC voltage, 235-degree angle change deformation can be generated in 4.86s, and 250W/cm2The angle change of 225 degrees can be generated within 0.83s under the irradiation of the simulated sunlight.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the intelligent driving composite material, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: dispersing the carbon nanotube powder into a solvent to form a uniform dispersion liquid, placing the dispersion liquid on a substrate, and heating and evaporating to form a carbon nanotube film 42;
the carbon nano tube powder in the step is one of a single-wall carbon nano tube, a double-wall carbon nano tube or a multi-wall carbon nano tube; the solvent is one of nitrogen, nitrogen-dimethylacetamide, nitrogen-dimethylformamide and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; uniformly dispersing carbon nano tube powder in a solvent by ultrasonic, wherein the concentration of a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid is 0.2-5 mg/ml; the substrate is one of glass, polytetrafluoroethylene, metal, ceramic and silicon wafer; the temperature range for evaporating the solvent is 40-200 ℃.
Step 2: uniformly mixing polymer materials to obtain polymer liquid;
the polymer in this step is PDMS; the PDMS polymer material was mixed by ultrasonic agitation.
And step 3: spin coating the polymer liquid on the carbon nanotube film 42, heating and curing the polymer layer to shape; peeling the polymer/carbon nanotube double-layer structure film from the substrate to obtain an intelligent driving composite material 4 with a coiled structure;
the temperature for curing and forming the polymer in the above steps is 80-200 ℃.
The preferred embodiment of the above preparation method is as follows: 150mg of multi-walled carbon nano-tube is weighed and dispersed in 50ml of nitrogen, nitrogen-dimethyl acetamide, and ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 1 hour to prepare dispersion liquid with the concentration of 3 mg/ml. 10ml of the multi-walled carbon nanotube dispersion was placed in a 75X25 cm-size container2And drying the glass substrate at 60 ℃ to obtain the carbon nano-tube alkene film. And then, taking 5g of PDMS polymer precursor, adding 0.5g of PDMS crosslinking agent, and ultrasonically stirring for 0.5h to obtain viscous liquid of the PDMS polymer. Fixing the glass substrate with the carbon nanotube film attached to the surface on a rotary table of a spin coater, dripping 1g of polymer liquid of PDMS on the carbon nanotube film, spin coating at two steps of 1000rpm multiplied by 15s and 3000rpm multiplied by 1min, heating at 100 ℃ for 24 hours, and peeling from the glass substrate to obtain the intelligent driving composite film with a curled structure.
Referring to the cross-sectional topography of the scanning electron microscope of fig. 2, the network structure of the carbon nanotubes and the double-layer structure of the composite film can be seen.
Referring to fig. 3, the composite material 4 is capable of being unrolled from a rolled state to a flat state upon application of a voltage signal stimulus, and automatically reverts to the rolled state upon removal of the voltage signal.
Referring to fig. 4, the composite material 4 can be unfolded from a rolled state to a flat state under irradiation of xenon lamp-simulated sunlight, and automatically returns to the rolled state after the voltage signal is removed.
Referring to fig. 5, the composite material 4 is also capable of stretching open under real sunlight.
This intelligent driving composite 4 in a curled shape can be used to make an optically driven jumping robot based on the corresponding behavior exhibited by the composite 4 under electrical/optical driving, as shown in fig. 6. The optical drive jumping robot is divided into a deformable part 1, a deformable part 2 and a non-deformable part 3, the jumping robot is integrally of a tubular structure, and the part 1 is located inside the part 3. Under the stimulation of external light, the part 1 can generate outward expansion deformation, but the deformation of the part 1 is prevented by the non-deformable part 3, so that the accumulation of elastic energy is generated between the part 1 and the part 3; as the deformation of the portion 1 increases under continuous light, the portion 3 cannot continue to deform the tissue portion 1, and the elastic energy between the portions 1 and 3 is suddenly released, thereby creating a jumping action.
The composite material 4 in the curled shape can also be used for preparing an intelligent curtain which is curled under the condition of no sunlight, and when sunlight enters, the intelligent curtain can be automatically opened to block the light entering.
The composite material 4 in the rolled shape can also be used to make a thermal window blind on a spacecraft, which can be automatically unrolled at elevated temperatures and which can be rolled open by itself when the temperature is lowered.
The composite material 4 having a curled shape can also be used to produce a biomimetic flower which automatically bursts under the irradiation of sunlight and automatically closes into a curled shape without the irradiation of sunlight, as shown in fig. 7.
In addition, the composite material 4 is also responsive to thermal actuation, and referring to fig. 8, a biomimetic flower made of the composite material 4 in a curled shape can automatically stretch open when the temperature rises, and the composite material can also be used for making a temperature sensor according to the characteristic.
In summary, the composite material 4 in the curled shape obtained by the preparation method of the intelligent driving composite material provided by the invention can generate controllable deformation under the stimulation of voltage signals, illumination and temperature, and based on the electric/optical/thermal driving characteristics, the intelligent driving composite material 4 in the curled shape can be applied to optical driving hopping robots, intelligent curtains, thermal control shutters on spacecrafts, bionic flowers capable of being opened under the irradiation of sunlight, temperature sensors and toys.
The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. Use of an intelligently driven composite material for a hopping robot, characterized in that: the composite material can deform under external electric drive, optical drive and thermal drive stimulation, and automatically recovers the original shape after the external stimulation is removed; the composite material is a composite film comprising a polymer layer and a carbon nano tube layer, and the composite material is bent towards the polymer layer in a natural state to form a tubular structure; the polymer layer is made of PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) and has the thickness of 30-150 mu m; the light drive is laser or sunlight or simulated sunlight.
2. Use of an intelligent drive composite for a hopping robot as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the composite material comprises the following steps:
step 1: dispersing carbon nano tube powder into a solvent to form uniform dispersion liquid, placing the dispersion liquid on a substrate, and heating and evaporating to form a carbon nano tube film;
step 2: uniformly mixing polymer materials to obtain polymer liquid;
and step 3: spin coating polymer liquid on the carbon nanotube film, and heating and curing the polymer layer to form; and peeling the polymer/carbon nanotube double-layer structure film from the substrate to obtain the intelligent driving composite film with a coiled structure.
3. Use of an intelligent drive composite for a hopping robot as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step 1, the carbon nanotube powder is one of a single-walled carbon nanotube, a double-walled carbon nanotube or a multi-walled carbon nanotube.
4. Use of an intelligent drive composite for a hopping robot as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the solvent in the step 1 is one of N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-dimethylformamide and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
5. Use of an intelligent drive composite for a hopping robot as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the concentration of the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid in the step 1 is 0.2-5 mg/ml.
6. Use of an intelligent drive composite for a hopping robot as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the substrate in the step 1 is one of glass, polytetrafluoroethylene, metal, ceramic and silicon chip.
7. Use of an intelligent drive composite for a hopping robot as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the temperature range adopted for evaporating the solvent in the step 1 is 40-200 ℃.
8. Use of an intelligent drive composite for a hopping robot as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the curing and forming temperature of the polymer in the step 3 is 80-200 ℃.
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| CN108688252B (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2020-07-24 | 武汉纺织大学 | Preparation method of multi-stimulus responsive driver film |
| CN108724867B (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2020-05-19 | 合肥工业大学 | Porous graphene driver with double stimulus sources responding, preparation method and application |
| CN109671250A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-04-23 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of nano combined smart membranes driver of deformation discoloration paper base of thorniness stimulus response, preparation method and application |
| CN112109404B (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2021-12-31 | 厦门大学 | Flexible driving film based on liquid/steam response and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113061278B (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2023-01-31 | 合肥工业大学 | Bionic ejection driver based on ionic electric actuating polymer and preparation method |
| CN116746726B (en) * | 2023-06-06 | 2024-02-09 | 西湖大学 | Environment self-adaptive and automatic response deformation bionic intelligent artificial plant system |
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| WO2015143601A1 (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2015-10-01 | 国家纳米科学中心 | Electrically-heated flexible driver, applications thereof, and locking unit driven by driver |
| CN105479836A (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2016-04-13 | 复旦大学 | Light-drive deformation-controllable composite and preparation method thereof |
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