CN107537845B - Method for controlling release of coal gangue pollutants - Google Patents
Method for controlling release of coal gangue pollutants Download PDFInfo
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- CN107537845B CN107537845B CN201710777831.3A CN201710777831A CN107537845B CN 107537845 B CN107537845 B CN 107537845B CN 201710777831 A CN201710777831 A CN 201710777831A CN 107537845 B CN107537845 B CN 107537845B
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Abstract
A method for controlling the release of coal gangue pollutants comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a coal gangue treatment site, and performing environment-friendly anti-seepage treatment; (2) placing the coal gangue in a coal gangue treatment field; (3) preparing an immersion liquid to immerse and cover the coal gangue; (4) and detecting the immersion liquid and supplementing the immersion liquid. The invention aims to provide a method for controlling the release of gangue pollutants, which has the advantages of small occupied area, environmental friendliness, short treatment time and low treatment cost, can effectively control the release of the gangue pollutants, and is suitable for popularization and application in economically poor and ecologically fragile karst coal mine areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of industrial and mining solid waste pollution control, in particular to a method for controlling release of coal gangue pollutants.
Background
The coal gangue is solid waste generated in the coal mining and washing processes, about 15% of coal gangue is generated when coal is mined for 1 ton, and the current comprehensive utilization level of the coal gangue resource is less than 30%, so that a large amount of coal gangue is accumulated in the environment, and acid is oxidized and generated under the combined action of rain and snow leaching, dissolved oxygen in the atmosphere and acidophilic microorganisms to form a large amount of acid mine wastewater (AMD) containing heavy metals, and the peripheral farmland soil and downstream aquatic ecosystem are seriously polluted. In addition, the coal gangue not only occupies a large amount of land and generates raise dust in the stacking process, but also generates toxic and harmful gases to pollute the surrounding atmospheric environment in the spontaneous combustion process. Coal mining areas become the most typical ecological system with the most serious degradation of the terrestrial biosphere in the world at present, and the ecological environment problem of the mining areas is highly valued by scientific researchers and management layers at home and abroad. The acid production by weathering oxidation of the coal gangue and the release of the accompanying pollutants are slow and continuous processes, and the conventional treatment of the acid mine wastewater by utilizing the tail end is a long and lasting process, so that the treatment period is long, the investment is high, the consumption of manpower and material resources is high, and the environment cannot be well improved. The technology for treating the acid mine wastewater at the tail end is not easy to popularize and apply in economic poor and ecologically fragile karst coal mine areas. Therefore, the prior choice for the current coal gangue pollution treatment is to control the generation of acid mine wastewater from the source by adopting technical means.
The existing upper covering technology is a source control technical method for acid mine wastewater with wider application. The formation of an isolation barrier by applying a cap layer on top of the mining waste reduces the ingress of oxygen and precipitation, reducing the rate of oxidation of sulphide minerals. The technique of upper coverage can be generally classified into: a Dry Cover (Dry Cover) barrier layer and a Wet Cover (Wet Cover) barrier layer. The dry type covering isolation layer generally adopts alkaline substances such as fly ash and the like and organic waste materials such as sludge, municipal refuse compost, sawdust and the like as the manufacturing materials of the upper isolation layer of the tailing disposal site. However, the research on the aspect of adding materials to the wet-type covering isolation layer is less, for example, organic water system covering such as breeding manure, biogas slurry or landfill leachate is used as an isolation barrier to control the in-situ release of coal gangue pollution, but these methods can only control the weathering acid production and the pollution release of the coal gangue by controlling single factors (such as dissolved oxygen, microorganisms, electron acceptors and acidity) which affect the oxidation of sulfur-containing minerals in the coal gangue, so that the isolation barrier cannot effectively control the release of the coal gangue pollutants.
Therefore, the existing method has the defects of large land occupation area, environmental pollution, incapability of effectively controlling the release of coal gangue pollutants, long treatment period, high investment and difficulty in popularization and application in economic poverty and ecologically fragile karst coal mine areas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for controlling the release of gangue pollutants, which has the advantages of small occupied area, environmental friendliness, short treatment time and low treatment cost, can effectively control the release of the gangue pollutants, and is suitable for popularization and application in economically poor and ecologically fragile karst coal mine areas.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for controlling the release of coal gangue pollutants comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a coal gangue treatment site, and performing environment-friendly anti-seepage treatment;
(2) placing the coal gangue in a coal gangue treatment field;
(3) preparing an immersion liquid to immerse and cover the coal gangue;
(4) and detecting the immersion liquid and supplementing the immersion liquid.
In the method for controlling the release of the coal gangue pollutants, in the step (3), the immersion liquid is prepared to immerse and cover the coal gangue, at least one exogenous antioxidant is prepared into an antioxidant immersion liquid, or an exogenous antioxidant solid matter and water are prepared to immerse and cover the coal gangue, and the depth of the immersion liquid is 35-45cm above the surface coal gangue.
In the method for controlling the release of the coal gangue pollutants, the at least one exogenous antioxidant is prepared into the antioxidant immersion liquid with a proper concentration or the exogenous antioxidant solid matter and water are prepared to immerse and cover the coal gangue, and the exogenous antioxidant is prepared according to the ratio of water =1% -5% (m: v).
In the method for controlling the release of the coal gangue pollutants, the at least one exogenous antioxidant is prepared into the antioxidant immersion liquid with a proper concentration or the exogenous antioxidant solid matter is prepared with water to immerse and cover the coal gangue, and the exogenous antioxidant is prepared according to the ratio of water =2% (m: v).
In the aforementioned method for controlling the release of coal gangue pollutants, the exogenous antioxidant is a small-molecule alkaloid.
In the aforementioned method for controlling the release of coal gangue pollutants, the small molecule alkaloid is betaine.
In the method for controlling the release of the coal gangue pollutants, in the step (4), the immersion liquid is detected and timely supplemented, and the oxidation-reduction potential, the pH value, the conductivity, the coal gangue characteristic pollutants, the depth of the immersion liquid and the concentration of the antioxidant of the immersion liquid are detected to supplement the antioxidant and the water lost in the immersion liquid.
In the method for controlling the release of the coal gangue pollutants, when the depth of the immersion liquid is lower than 30cm above the surface coal gangue and the oxidation-reduction potential is higher than-100 mV, the antioxidant and the water lost in the immersion liquid are timely supplemented.
In the method for controlling the release of the coal gangue pollutants, the coal gangue treatment site is a low concave area and a waste pit around the gangue storage site.
In the method for controlling the release of the coal gangue pollutants, the coal gangue in the step (1) is fresh coal gangue or accumulated weathered coal gangue.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the disposal site of the coal gangue is selected in the valley or the waste pit, and the coal gangue is accumulated in the valley or the waste pit, so that the occupied area is reduced, and the exogenous antioxidant is adopted to prepare the antioxidant immersion liquid with proper concentration or the solid matter of the antioxidant immersion liquid and water are matched to perform immersion covering treatment on the coal gangue, so that no dust is generated, and the environment is friendly;
2. the traditional physical material or organic material coverage (controlling the diffusion of dissolved oxygen) and bactericide (controlling the activity of acidophilic microorganism) can only control the acid production by oxidation of coal gangue by controlling single factors (dissolved oxygen, microorganism and electron acceptor) which influence the oxidation of sulfur-containing minerals in the coal gangue; the invention realizes the pollution release in-situ control of the sulfur-containing coal gangue storage yard by using the added betaine as an antioxidant, and the principle is as follows: the betaine can simultaneously realize comprehensive effects in four aspects of environmental oxidation-reduction potential control, functional microbial activity inhibition, energy substance (electron acceptor) supply, acid-base neutralization and the like, and can effectively control the release of gangue pollutants;
3. the antioxidant barrier formed by adding the antioxidant can simultaneously realize the combined action of the multiple factors, so that the oxidative acid production of the sulfur-containing coal gangue and the dissolution of toxic and harmful pollutants are effectively inhibited, and the method has the advantages of wide material source, low cost, remarkable effect, strong operability, no secondary pollution risk and the like, is suitable for large-area popularization and application in ecologically fragile karst coal mine areas, and has remarkable environmental benefit, economic benefit and social benefit after application in mine environment treatment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an antioxidant barrier construction;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of antioxidant addition on in-situ pollution control of sulfur-containing coal gangue pollution release.
The labels in the figures are: 1-treatment site, 2-anti-seepage treatment layer, 3-coal gangue and 4-immersion liquid.
Detailed Description
Example 1. A method for controlling the release of coal gangue contaminants, see fig. 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) selecting a coal gangue treatment field 1, and performing environment-friendly anti-seepage treatment to form an anti-seepage treatment layer 2;
(2) the coal gangue 3 is dried and crushed and then is placed in a treatment field;
(3) preparing an immersion liquid 4 to immerse and cover the coal gangue;
(4) and detecting the immersion liquid and supplementing the immersion liquid.
In the step (3), the preparation of the immersion liquid for immersion covering of the coal gangue is to prepare at least one exogenous antioxidant into an antioxidant immersion liquid or prepare an exogenous antioxidant solid matter and water for immersion covering of the coal gangue, wherein the depth of the immersion liquid is 40cm above the surface coal gangue.
The method is characterized in that at least one exogenous antioxidant is prepared into antioxidant immersion liquid with proper concentration or exogenous antioxidant solid matter is prepared with water to immerse and cover coal gangue, and the exogenous antioxidant is prepared according to the proportion that water is =1% -5% (m: v).
The method is characterized in that at least one exogenous antioxidant is prepared into antioxidant immersion liquid with proper concentration or exogenous antioxidant solid matter is prepared with water to immerse and cover coal gangue, and the exogenous antioxidant is prepared according to the ratio of water =2% (m: v).
The exogenous antioxidant is a small molecule alkaloid.
The small molecule alkaloid is betaine.
And (4) detecting the immersion liquid and timely supplementing the immersion liquid, namely detecting the oxidation-reduction potential, the pH value and the conductivity of the immersion liquid, the coal gangue characteristic pollutants, the depth of the immersion liquid and the concentration of an antioxidant, and supplementing the antioxidant and water lost in the immersion liquid.
And when the depth of the immersion liquid is 30cm lower than that of the surface coal gangue and the oxidation-reduction potential is higher than-100 mV, timely supplementing the antioxidant and water lost in the immersion liquid.
The coal gangue treatment site is a low concave land and a waste pit at the periphery of the gangue storage yard.
The coal gangue in the step (1) is fresh coal gangue or accumulated weathered coal gangue.
The principle of controlling the release of the coal gangue pollutants by using the antioxidant is as follows: the antioxidant added into the coal gangue simultaneously contains carboxyl, amino and other functional groups which are easy to attach to the surface of the coal gangue to form a layer of barrier, which can effectively prevent the dissolution and release of reducing sulfide and other pollutants in the coal gangue and prevent the pollutants from reacting with dissolved oxygen in a system; the addition of the antioxidant can form a reducing environment with lower oxidation-reduction potential in the stable aging process in a tailing-water system, and reduce the oxidation of pollutants in the coal gangue; meanwhile, the addition of the antioxidant can obviously inhibit the activity of chemoautotrophic aerobic acidophilic microorganisms in the coal gangue and reduce the biological oxidation of the coal gangue.
Examples of the experiments
Collecting weathered coal gangue in a waste coal mine coal gangue storage yard, and air-drying and crushing the coal gangue through a 2mm nylon sieve for later use.
The experimental device adopts a polyethylene plastic bottle with the diameter of 6 cm and the height of 20 cm, 50 g of coal gangue samples are respectively weighed and placed in the plastic bottle for a betaine solution immersion experiment: according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1: 10, respectively adding betaine solution into the plastic bottles, wherein the concentrations of the betaine solution are respectively as follows: 1%, 2% and 5%, and setting control treatment (adding tap water with the same volume), setting 3 parallel experimental treatments in each group, totaling 72 plastic bottles, and measuring pH, Eh, EC, total iron and sulfate in the overlying water sample in batches after 30, 60, 120, 180, 270 and 360 d respectively. The specific treatment effect is shown in fig. 2.
The continuous monitoring result of the previous 360 days shows that the pH of the overlying water sample of the coal gangue gradually rises and the neutral alkali bias environment is kept within 360 days after the immersion treatment of the betaine solution, the oxidation-reduction potential in a coal gangue-water system can be obviously reduced by adding the antioxidant, and the Fe and SO in the overlying water body of the coal gangue can be obviously reduced at the same time4 2-The betaine is used as an antioxidant to obviously inhibit the oxidative acid production of the sulfur-containing coal gangue and the dissolution and release of various characteristic pollutants.
The results of the experimental examples show that the method for controlling the pollution release of the coal gangue by using the betaine as the source of the antioxidant barrier can effectively inhibit the oxidative acid production of the sulfur-containing coal gangue and effectively inhibit the release of various characteristic pollutants in the coal gangue.
Claims (5)
1. A method for controlling the release of coal gangue pollutants is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a coal gangue treatment site, and performing environment-friendly anti-seepage treatment;
(2) placing the coal gangue in a coal gangue treatment field;
(3) preparing an immersion liquid to immerse and cover the coal gangue;
(4) detecting the immersion liquid and supplementing the immersion liquid;
in the step (3), the immersion liquid is prepared to immerse and cover the coal gangue, betaine is prepared into an antioxidant immersion liquid, or a betaine solid matter and water are prepared to immerse and cover the coal gangue, the depth of the immersion liquid is 35-45cm above the surface coal gangue, and the mass volume ratio of the betaine to the water is 2%.
2. The method for controlling release of coal gangue contaminants as defined in claim 1, wherein: and (4) detecting the immersion liquid and timely supplementing the immersion liquid, namely detecting the oxidation-reduction potential, the pH value and the conductivity of the immersion liquid, the coal gangue characteristic pollutants, the depth of the immersion liquid and the concentration of an antioxidant, and supplementing the antioxidant and water lost in the immersion liquid.
3. The method for controlling release of coal gangue contaminants as defined in claim 1, wherein: and when the depth of the immersion liquid is 30cm lower than that of the surface coal gangue and the oxidation-reduction potential is higher than-100 mV, timely supplementing the antioxidant and water lost in the immersion liquid.
4. The method for controlling release of coal gangue contaminants as defined in claim 1, wherein: the coal gangue treatment site is a low pit or a waste pit at the periphery of the gangue storage yard.
5. The method for controlling release of coal gangue contaminants as defined in claim 1, wherein: the coal gangue in the step (1) is fresh coal gangue or accumulated weathered coal gangue.
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