CN107535525B - Biological prevention and control method for solenopsis invicta - Google Patents
Biological prevention and control method for solenopsis invicta Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biological prevention and control method for red fire ants, which comprises the steps of dissolving a medicament for preventing and controlling the red fire ants, containing pathogenic microorganisms, in water to prepare a water dispersing agent, and then enabling the red fire ants to be stained with the water dispersing agent, wherein the medicament for preventing and controlling the red fire ants, containing the pathogenic microorganisms, comprises beauveria bassiana and sodium chloride, and the ratio of the number of beauveria bassiana spores to the number of sodium chloride in grams is (1-8) × 200 hundred million: 4.0-7.5 g.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the field of prevention and control of solenopsis invicta, and particularly relates to a biological prevention and control method of solenopsis invicta.
Background art:
the Solenopsis invicta belongs to Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera), Formicidae (Formicidae), Formicidae (Myrmicidae) and Solenopsis, not only takes seeds, fruits, buds, tender stems and root systems of agriculture and forestry plants, but also catches soil-dwelling animals and bites poultry and livestock, even attacks human beings and harms public health safety. The solenopsis invicta is found in Wuchuan city in Guangdong province in China at the end of 2004 for the first time, and poses serious threats to the production of agricultural ecosystem and the structure and function of natural ecosystem in our province. At present, the prevention and control aiming at the solenopsis invicta mainly comprises the following steps: the methods of bait distribution, powder spreading, nest filling and the like are mainly chemical agents, and although chemical pesticides make great contribution to the timely control of the solenopsis invicta, the negative effects on human beings caused by toxicity, behavior in the environment and homing are undoubted. Particularly, the nest filling device needs a large amount of water, so that the living environment of the solenopsis invicta is damaged, and the nest moving phenomenon is caused. If the whole nest is forcibly stirred, the killing effect is increased, but the disadvantages of labor and time are high, and a relatively strong toxic chemical agent is needed, otherwise, after the nest is completely destroyed, a large amount of nest moving and migration of red fire ants can occur. In addition, the abuse of chemical pesticides pollutes agricultural production environments such as soil, water and the like, and a large amount of harmful chemical substances are left in agricultural products. Since red imported fire ants invade, in order to control the invading species of red imported fire ants as soon as possible, and because of the guiding thought that the red imported fire ants are wanted to be completely eliminated in a short time, improper use of chemical agents in the prevention and control of the red imported fire ants already causes chemical injury to non-target organisms in some places, unfortunately, according to the research at home and abroad, once the red imported fire ants colonize and establish populations, the biological habit of the red imported fire ants determines and eradicates the plan and is not easy to execute, so that the prevention and control of the red imported fire ants are quite difficult, especially in river wetlands and artificial wetlands, because the red imported fire ants are places where a plurality of rare or endangered species inhabit and multiply and farmers carry out farming operations, if the prevention and control methods are improper, the selected agents are not right, so that other animals are seriously damaged, firstly the water body is polluted, then the aquatic animals are poisoned, and the life of the animals such as humans and aquatic birds which eat the aquatic animals and live and multiply in the wetlands and the places, even endanger, not only causes huge direct economic loss, but also indirectly destroys the ecological environment.
Therefore, the research on the medicine for preventing and controlling the solenopsis invicta, which is safe to the non-target organism, is a necessary trend for the long-term control of the solenopsis invicta. The red fire ants are social insects, and are respectively placed underground in a single ant nest, the harmful ants in the same nest frequently contact with each other, and the density is high, so the infection is strong, the control effect of pathogenic microorganisms without pollution to the environment is good, and the microbial source insecticide is the most applied biopesticide at present and accounts for more than 90 percent of the whole biological control. The insecticidal and acaricidal antibiotics subjected to intensive research and industrial production comprise acaricidal agent, abamectin, hygromycin B, destomycin B and milbemycin, pyrethrin and derivatives thereof, nereistoxin and derivatives thereof, rotenone, cucurbitine and physostigmine. Liuyangmycin, beauvericin, destruxins, nuclear polyhedrosis virus and granulosis virus. Pathogenic fungi and microsporidia of fire ants hold promise for sustainable control of red fire ants (Liu Xiao Yan et al, 2006). Researches on the application of beauveria bassiana to control red imported fire ants have been carried out abroad, Stimac et al (1993) and Oi et al (1994) respectively study the control conditions of the beauveria bassiana in ant nests, wherein the beauveria bassiana has different concentrations and different application methods and is used indoors and in the field. Thus, pathogenic fungi provide hope for sustainable control of red imported fire ants (Liu Xiao Yan et al, 2006). Meanwhile, beauveria bassiana is considered to be one of the more promising pathogenic microorganisms. However, when the beauveria bassiana is applied in the field, the germination rate of spores is low due to the limitation of environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and ultraviolet light, so that the insecticidal activity of the beauveria bassiana is influenced, and the speed of singly applying the pathogenic microorganism beauveria bassiana to prevent and treat the red imported fire ants is relatively slow. The above disadvantages can be effectively overcome by mixing the components of the pharmaceutical preparation of two or more components. Meanwhile, the synergistic effect generated by mixing the two medicinal components can improve the control effect, reduce the construction times, save the cost and accelerate the effective control speed of pests.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a safe and efficient biological prevention and control method for solenopsis invicta. The prevention and control method can solve the defects of pathogenic microorganisms in actual use when the solenopsis invicta is prevented and controlled, has strong drug application targeting property, high drug utilization rate, long lasting period, small influence on non-target organisms, simple and easy operation, no toxicity to people and livestock and no pollution to soil and underground water resources, thereby improving the insecticidal effect of the pathogenic microorganisms, delaying the enhancement of the drug resistance of the solenopsis invicta
The biological prevention and control method of the solenopsis invicta disclosed by the invention is characterized in that a medicament for preventing and controlling the solenopsis invicta, which contains pathogenic microorganisms, is dissolved in water to prepare a water dispersing agent, and then the solenopsis invicta is stained with the water dispersing agent;
the agent containing pathogenic microorganisms and used for preventing and treating the solenopsis invicta comprises beauveria bassiana and sodium chloride, wherein the ratio of the number of beauveria bassiana spores to the gram of the sodium chloride is (1-8) × 200 hundred million and 4.0-7.5 g.
Preferably, the water dispersion agent for staining the red fire ants is inserted into the red fire ant nest by using a medicine injector, and the water dispersion agent is sprayed to each depth and each direction in the red fire ant nest, so that the medicine is uniformly sprayed on the red fire ants at each depth and each direction in the red fire ant nest.
The agent containing pathogenic microorganisms for preventing and treating the solenopsis invicta is preferably water dispersible granules, and comprises, by mass percent of 100%, 30% of beauveria bassiana powder and sodium chloride, wherein the mass ratio of the beauveria bassiana powder to the sodium chloride is 5: 4.0-7.5 g, wherein the beauveria bassiana powder contains 200 hundred million/g of beauveria bassiana spores, 8% of wetting agent nekal, 18% of dispersant sodium lignosulfonate, 5% of disintegrant calcium chloride, 2% of stabilizer disodium hydrogen phosphate, 5% of adhesive sodium polyacrylate and 32% of carrier diatomite.
Preferably, the gram ratio of the number of beauveria bassiana spores to the sodium chloride is 5 × 200 hundred million to 4.38-7.30 g, and more preferably 5 × 200 hundred million to 7.30 g.
The preparation method comprises dissolving spore of Beauveria bassiana and sodium chloride in water to obtain water dispersant, wherein the spore number of Beauveria bassiana is 1 × 108Per m L-1And sodium chloride is 75 to 125 mmol/L.
Experiments show that the compounding of the beauveria bassiana and the sodium chloride has obvious synergistic effect, the prevention and treatment effect is very good, the pesticide composition has the advantages of high efficiency and rapidness for red imported fire ants, is nontoxic to people and livestock, has no pollution to soil and underground water resources, and is safe, so that the pesticide effect of the beauveria bassiana is improved, the enhancement of the drug resistance of the red imported fire ants is delayed, the environmental pollution is reduced, the prevention effect is improved, the cost is saved, and the generation of the drug resistance of pests is delayed.
The prevention and control method of the invention can increase the contact surface of pathogenic microorganisms and target pests, avoid the nest moving phenomenon of the solenopsis invicta caused by the damage of nest filling and pesticide application to the ant nest, properly increase the humidity in the nest, and improve the environmental condition of the solenopsis invicta infected by the pathogenic microorganisms, thereby leading the solenopsis invicta to be more easily infected by various pathogenic microorganisms, enhancing the insecticidal activity of the pathogenic microorganisms to the solenopsis invicta, having better prevention and control effect, and finally achieving the purpose of prevention and control.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the cumulative mortality of Solenopsis invicta after 96 hours under the action of drugs of different concentrations in example 1, wherein Beauveria bassiana is 5 g/L aqueous solution, Beauveria bassiana +25 mmol/L NaCl, Beauveria bassiana +75 mmol/L NaCl, Beauveria bassiana +100 mmol/L NaCl, Beauveria bassiana +125 mmol/L NaCl, Beauveria bassiana +150 mmol/L NaCl, Beauveria bassiana +200 mmol/L NaCl, Beauveria bassiana +250 mmol/L NaCl, Beauveria bassiana +300 mmol/L NaCl, CK is sterile water, and NaCl 125 mmol/L NaCl aqueous solution.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the cumulative mortality of red imported fire ants after 96 hours under the action of different Beauveria bassiana/sodium chloride dispersants in example 2, wherein the Beauveria bassiana is Beauveria bassiana group, 1 is Beauveria bassiana +25 mmol/L NaCl + auxiliary material, 2 is Beauveria bassiana +75 mmol/L NaCl + auxiliary material, 3 is Beauveria bassiana +100 mmol/L NaCl + auxiliary material, 4 is Beauveria bassiana +125 mmol/L NaCl + auxiliary material, 5 is Beauveria bassiana +150 mmol/L NaCl + auxiliary material, 6 is Beauveria bassiana +200 mmol/L NaCl + auxiliary material, 7 is Beauveria bassiana +250 mmol/L NaCl + auxiliary material, 8 is Beauveria bassiana +300 mmol/L NaCl + auxiliary material, sterile water + CK, and 125 mmol/L NaCl aqueous solution + auxiliary material.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
beauveria bassiana is a kind of entomopathogenic fungi which is applied more, and is sold by various large strain preservation centers, such as Guangdong province microbial strain preservation center, so that technical personnel in the field can buy the beauveria bassiana from various large strain preservation centers and can buy the beauveria bassiana from commercial production companies, such as Tian Jiangxi people ecological member company.
The following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.
Example 1: indoor toxicity determination experiment of compounding beauveria bassiana and sodium chloride on ergate of red fire ants
When measuring indoor toxicity, weighing 5g of beauveria bassiana powder, dissolving in 1L water, mixing uniformly to obtain beauveria bassiana solution, wherein the beauveria bassiana powder contains 200 hundred million beauveria spores, measuring 9 parts of beauveria bassiana solution of 100ml each from 1L beauveria bassiana solution, and respectively adding NaCl into the beauveria bassiana solution to ensure that the concentration of the NaCl in the 9 parts of beauveria bassiana solution is respectively 0 mmol/L0, 25 mmol/L, 75 mmol/L, 100 mmol/L, 125 mmol/L, 150 mmol/L, 200 mmol/L, 250 mmol/L and 300 mmol/L to obtain beauveria bassiana-sodium chloride dispersion solution in sequence, wherein the concentration of the beauveria bassiana spores is 1L 1108Per m L-1。
The toxicity of beauveria bassiana solution, beauveria bassiana-sodium chloride water dispersion solution, sodium chloride solution (125 mmol/L) and sterile water to healthy solenopsis invicta workers is respectively determined, each treatment is repeated for 3 times, 1 culture dish is repeated, 100 solenopsis invicta workers are placed in each culture dish, firstly, the solenopsis invicta workers are immersed in the liquid medicine for about 5 seconds and then taken out, the solenopsis invicta workers are placed in a feeding box after being dried in the air indoors, fresh honey water is fed every day and are placed under the conditions of 26 +/-1 ℃, the humidity is 70-90 percent, the light cycle is 14L/10 hD, the survival condition of the solenopsis invicta workers is observed 96 hours after the medicine is taken, the death rate is calculated, the statistical data adopts SPSS13.0 software, the Duncan's method is used for carrying out significance test among samples, and different lowercase letters show that the difference of the cumulative death rate of the solenopsis invigor.
As shown in FIG. 1, it can be seen from FIG. 1 that the cumulative mortality rate after 96h of solenopsis invicta treated with NaCl alone was not significantly different from that of the blank control (15.91. + -. 0.72%) treated with sterile water, indicating that there was no killing effect on solenopsis invicta treated with NaCl alone, the cumulative mortality rate after 96h of solenopsis invicta treated with beauveria bassiana alone was significantly different from that of the blank control with NaCl alone, indicating that beauveria bassiana alone had some insecticidal activity but the mortality rate was relatively low, whereas when sodium chloride was mixed with beauveria bassiana at a concentration of 75 mmol/L, 100 mmol/L, 125 mmol/L, the cumulative mortality rate after 96h of solenopsis invicta and that of solenopsis invicta solenopsisThe difference in the mortality rates was significant (i.e., the solution contained 1 × 10)8Per m L-175-125 mmol/L), which fully shows that the insecticidal effect of the pesticide can be obviously increased when the solenopsis invicta is treated after the sodium chloride and the beauveria bassiana are mixed according to a certain proportion, so that the insecticidal effect of the mixture is proved to have an obvious synergistic effect compared with that of the single sodium chloride or the beauveria bassiana.
The inventor of the invention uses calcium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, ammonium sulfate and ferric chloride to replace sodium chloride to carry out the same experiment, and finds that the calcium chloride, the potassium chloride, the magnesium chloride, the ammonium sulfate and the ferric chloride have no synergistic effect, and the effect of killing the red imported fire ants with and without the beauveria bassiana is not greatly influenced and has no significant difference.
Example 2: indoor toxicity determination experiment of beauveria bassiana and sodium chloride water dispersing agent on ergate of red fire ants
Weighing 30g of beauveria bassiana powder and 30g of sodium chloride (wherein the mass ratio of the beauveria bassiana powder to the sodium chloride is respectively 5:1.46, 5:4.38, 5:5.84, 5:7.30, 5:8.77, 5:11.69, 5:14.61g and 5:17.53, the beauveria bassiana powder contains 200 hundred million beauveria spores per gram), 8g of wetting agent nekal, 18g of dispersant sodium lignosulfonate, 5g of disintegrant calcium chloride, 2g of stabilizer disodium hydrogen phosphate, 5g of adhesive sodium polyacrylate and 32g of carrier diatomite, putting the raw materials into a water dispersible granule preparation method for mixing (1, uniformly mixing the raw materials according to a formula, 2, uniformly mixing, performing sand grinding by a sand grinder and performing spray granulation after passing detection, 3, sieving by a vibrating screen after spray granulation, returning the unqualified appearance product to the sand grinder for re-sanding, performing further quality detection on the qualified appearance product, returning the product with unqualified quality to the sand mill for re-sanding; 4. detecting qualified products, and packaging; 5. and warehousing the packaged water dispersible granules) to finally prepare the beauveria bassiana-sodium chloride dispersant with the mass fraction of 30%.
Adding the above Beauveria bassiana-sodium chloride dispersant into water to obtain Beauveria bassiana-sodium chloride dispersant solution, wherein the spore concentration of Beauveria bassiana in each Beauveria bassiana-sodium chloride dispersant solution is 1 × 108Per m L-1NaCl concentrations were 25 mmol/L (corresponding to FIG. 2)1) 75 mmol/L (corresponding to 2 in FIG. 2),100 mmol/L (corresponding to 3 in FIG. 2), 125 mmol/L (corresponding to 4 in FIG. 2), 150 mmol/L (corresponding to 5 in FIG. 2), 200 mmol/L (corresponding to 6 in FIG. 2), 250 mmol/L (corresponding to 7 in FIG. 2), 300 mmol/L (corresponding to 8 in FIG. 2).
To contain 1 × 108M L-1The water solution of beauveria bassiana spores (beauveria bassiana solution) is used as a control, and the water solution also contains auxiliary materials (wetting agent nekal, dispersant sodium lignosulfonate, disintegrant calcium chloride, stabilizer disodium hydrogen phosphate, adhesive sodium polyacrylate and carrier diatomite) with the same concentration as the experimental group, and is named as beauveria bassiana group (corresponding to beauveria bassiana in figure 2).
The aqueous solution of sodium chloride (125 mmol/L) was used as a control, and the aqueous solution also contained adjuvants (wetting agent nekal, dispersant sodium lignosulfonate, disintegrant calcium chloride, stabilizer disodium hydrogen phosphate, binder sodium polyacrylate, carrier diatomaceous earth) at the same concentrations as those in the above experimental group.
And sterile water alone as a Control (CK), and adjuvants (wetting agent nekal, dispersant sodium lignosulfonate, disintegrant calcium chloride, stabilizer disodium hydrogen phosphate, binder sodium polyacrylate, carrier diatomaceous earth) with the same concentration as in the above experimental group, which were named as CK group (corresponding to CK in fig. 2).
The toxicity of a beauveria bassiana solution (beauveria bassiana group), a beauveria bassiana sodium chloride water dispersant solution, a sodium chloride solution (NaCl group) and sterile water (CK) to healthy solenopsis invicta workers is respectively determined, each treatment is repeated for 3 times, 1 culture dish is repeated, 100 solenopsis invicta workers are placed in each culture dish, firstly, the solenopsis invicta workers are soaked in a liquid medicine for about 5 seconds and then taken out, the solenopsis invicta workers are placed in a breeding box after being dried in the air indoors and are fed with fresh honey sugar water every day under the conditions of 26 +/-1 ℃, the humidity is 70-90% and the light cycle is 14L/10 hD, the survival condition of the solenopsis invicta workers is observed 96 hours after the medicine is applied, the death rate is calculated, SPSS13.0 software is adopted in data statistics, the significance test is carried out among samples by a Duncan's method, and different lowercase letters show that the cumulative death rate difference of the solenopsis.
As shown in fig. 2, it can be seen from fig. 2 that the cumulative mortality rate after 96h treatment of the solenopsis invicta with NaCl alone was not significantly different from that of the solenopsis invicta with sterile water as a blank control, indicating that there was no killing effect on the solenopsis invicta with NaCl alone, that the cumulative mortality rate after 96h treatment of the solenopsis invicta with beauveria bassiana alone was significantly different from that of the solenopsis bassiana alone, indicating that the pesticidal activity was somewhat but the mortality rate was relatively low, whereas when the sodium chloride was mixed with the beauveria bassiana at a concentration of 75 mmol/L, 100 mmol/L, 125 mmol/L, the cumulative mortality rate after 96h treatment of the solenopsis invicta was significantly different from that of the solenopsis bassiana alone and from that of the solenopsis bassiana alone, fully indicating that the pesticidal effect of the solenopsis invicta with the agent was significantly increased compared to that of the solenopsis bassiana alone or the solenopsis.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the pesticidal effect of the beauveria bassiana/sodium chloride dispersion prepared from beauveria bassiana, sodium chloride and the auxiliary materials is equivalent to that of the beauveria bassiana/sodium chloride dispersion without the auxiliary materials.
Example 3:
when measuring indoor toxicity, 1g of beauveria bassiana powder and 7.5g of sodium chloride are weighed and dissolved in 1L water, and the beauveria bassiana solution is obtained after uniform mixing, wherein the beauveria bassiana powder contains 200 hundred million beauveria spores per gram.
Indoor toxicity measurement is carried out according to the method of the embodiment 1, and the result shows that the beauveria bassiana solution of the embodiment has a good killing effect on the solenopsis invicta.
Example 4:
when measuring indoor toxicity, 8g of beauveria bassiana powder and 4.0g of sodium chloride are weighed and dissolved in 1L water, and the beauveria bassiana solution is obtained after uniform mixing, wherein the beauveria bassiana powder contains 200 hundred million beauveria spores per gram.
Indoor toxicity measurement is carried out according to the method of example 1, and the result shows that the compound has better killing effect on the solenopsis invicta.
Example 5:
weighing 30g of beauveria bassiana powder and 30g of sodium chloride (wherein the mass ratio of the beauveria bassiana powder to the sodium chloride is 5:7.30 respectively, the beauveria bassiana powder contains 200 hundred million beauveria bassiana spores/g, 8g of wetting agent nekal, 18g of dispersant sodium lignosulfonate, 5g of disintegrant calcium chloride, 2g of stabilizer disodium hydrogen phosphate, 5g of adhesive sodium polyacrylate and 32g of carrier diatomite, and the raw materials are put into a water dispersible granule preparation method to be mixed (1, the raw materials are uniformly mixed according to a formula, 2, after uniform mixing, sand grinding is carried out by a sand mill and qualified detection is carried out by spray granulation, 3, after spray granulation, screening is carried out by a vibrating screen, unqualified products are returned to the sand mill to be sand ground again, qualified products are further subjected to quality detection, if unqualified products are returned to the sand mill to be ground again, 4, qualified products are detected and packaged, 5, And warehousing the packaged water dispersible granules) to finally prepare the beauveria bassiana-sodium chloride dispersant with the mass fraction of 30%.
Dissolving the above dispersant 41g of Beauveria bassiana-sodium chloride water dispersion with mass fraction of 30% in 1L sterile water, and shaking to obtain water dispersion containing Beauveria bassiana-sodium chloride water dispersion with mass fraction of 30%, wherein the water dispersion contains Beauveria bassiana spores with number of 1 × 108Per m L-1And sodium chloride 125 mmol/L, distilled water as Control (CK)
The water dispersion of the beauveria bassiana-sodium chloride dispersant with the mass fraction of 30 percent is treated according to the patent application number; 201510103303.0, title of the invention: an injection method in the example 6 of the injection type biological prevention and control method in the nest of the solenopsis invicta is used for injection. The results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Red fire ant nest internal injection type prevention and control effect
Claims (6)
1. A biological prevention and control method for Solenopsis invicta, characterized by that, dissolve the medicament for preventing and treating Solenopsis invicta containing pathogenic microorganism into water to make water disperser, then make Solenopsis invicta contaminate water disperser;
the agent containing pathogenic microorganisms and used for preventing and treating the solenopsis invicta comprises beauveria bassiana and sodium chloride, wherein the ratio of the number of beauveria bassiana spores to the gram of the sodium chloride is (1-8) × 200 hundred million and 4.0-7.5 g.
2. The biological control method of solenopsis invicta according to claim 1, wherein the pathogenic microorganism-containing agent for controlling solenopsis invicta is dissolved in water to form a water dispersion agent, and then the water dispersion agent is inserted into the nest of solenopsis invicta by using the medicine injector, and the water dispersion agent is sprayed to the depth and the direction of the nest of solenopsis invicta, so that the medicine is uniformly sprayed to the solenopsis invicta at the depth and the direction of the nest of solenopsis invicta.
3. The biological control method of solenopsis invicta according to claim 1, wherein the pathogenic microorganism-containing agent for controlling solenopsis invicta is water dispersible granule comprising beauveria powder and sodium chloride at a total mass fraction of 30% and a mass ratio of 5: 4.0-7.5 g, wherein the beauveria bassiana powder contains 200 hundred million/g of beauveria bassiana spores, 8% of wetting agent nekal, 18% of dispersant sodium lignosulfonate, 5% of disintegrant calcium chloride, 2% of stabilizer disodium hydrogen phosphate, 5% of adhesive sodium polyacrylate and 32% of carrier diatomite.
4. The biological control method for solenopsis invicta according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the ratio of the number of beauveria spores to the number of sodium chloride in grams is 5 × 200 hundred million and 4.38-7.30 g.
5. The biological control method for solenopsis invicta according to claim 4, wherein the ratio of the number of beauveria spores to the number of grams of sodium chloride is 5 × 200 hundred million and 7.30 g.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of dissolving the pathogenic microorganism-containing agent for controlling red fire ants in water to form an aqueous dispersion comprises dissolving beauveria spores and sodium chloride in water to make the number of beauveria spores 1 × 108The seed/m L and the sodium chloride are 75-125 mmol/L.
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