CN107525881A - 一种水域生态健康状态检测方法 - Google Patents

一种水域生态健康状态检测方法 Download PDF

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CN107525881A
CN107525881A CN201710659177.6A CN201710659177A CN107525881A CN 107525881 A CN107525881 A CN 107525881A CN 201710659177 A CN201710659177 A CN 201710659177A CN 107525881 A CN107525881 A CN 107525881A
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刘璇
冯晨
代棋帆
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种水域生态健康状态检测方法，首先对考察水域分区，分别采集土壤和水样，记录群落信息；利用土壤和水样获得环境预测值，利用群落信息得到生物多样性指数，结合上述参数计算水域生态健康状态指数，最后根据该指数将考察水域进行划分。本发明提供的一种水域生态健康状态检测方法将水域中水生植物、浮游动物生物群落作为参考之一，同时对水域的水和土壤的环境指标结合分析，运用聚类分析和主成分分析的方法对水域生态健康状态进行分析预测，能够较为客观地体现水与生态健康状态。

Description

一种水域生态健康状态检测方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种水域生态健康状态检测方法，属于环境污染监测和评价技术领域。
背景技术
根据生物类群可分为鱼类生物完整性指数(fish IBI，F－IBI)、底栖生物完整性指数(benthic IBI，B－IBI，主要选用的是大型底栖无脊椎动物(macroinvertebrate[1]〕、浮游生物完整性指数(plankton IBI，P－IBI)、固着藻类生物完整性指数〔alga IBI，A－IBI，研究热点为硅藻(diatom)〕和水生植物生物完整性指数(aquatic plants IBI，AP－IBI)，甚至有学者提出微生物完整性指数(microbe IBI，M－IBI)。
根据类群数量可分为单类群生物完整性指数和多类群生物完整性指数，目前的研究和应用主要集中于前者。从上述分类可见，s－IBI评价的实质是从某类特定生物集群的角度去衡量水生态的健康状况，虽然这比以某种单一生物为载体的评价方法更全面，但它也并不能完全刻画生态系统的完整性，加上不同类群IBI的评价结果往往表现出不一致性，所以现有的生物完整性指数实际上并不能作为水域生态预测的一个标准。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种水域生态健康状态检测方法，将水域中水生植物、浮游动物生物群落作为参考之一，同时对水域的水和土壤的环境指标结合分析，运用聚类分析和主成分分析的方法对水域生态健康状态进行分析预测，能够较为客观地体现水与生态健康状态。
本发明为解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：提供了一种水域生态健康状态检测方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)利用棋盘法对考察水域分为N个区，每个区选择n个位点，每个位点的面积为3m×3m，采集位点内土壤和水样，并记录各位点的群落信息；
(2)对各位点采集到的土壤和水样进行测定，得到位点的各项环境质量指标；
设第k个区第j个位点第i项指标为对于步骤(2)测得的各项指标qji，1≤i≤m，1≤k≤N，根据指标qji在表1中的类别Cji，为指标qji的权值赋值：
wji＝6-Cji
表1指标分类表
通过以下公式计算该区的环境预测值Dk：
其中n为步骤(1)选择的位点数量；
(3)根据群落信息获得每个位点中水样中的物种数和每个物种的个体数占群落总数的比例，利用Shannon-Wiener公式计算设第k个区第j个位点的生物多样性指数Hj：
其中，s是第j个位点的物种数，pji表示第i个物种的个体数占群落个体总数的比例；
则该区的生物多样性指数Hk′位n个位点的平均值：
(4)根据各区域的环境预测值和生物多样性指数计算水域生态健康状态指数Ek：
Ek＝Dk×Hk
(5)根据水域生态健康状态指数Ek的值将考察水域进行划分，该值越小，表明水域生态健康状态越差，该值越大，表明水域生态状态越好。
本发明基于其技术方案所具有的有益效果在于：
本发明水域生态健康状态检测方法将水域中水生植物、浮游动物生物群落作为参考之一，同时对水域的水和土壤的环境指标结合分析，运用聚类分析和主成分分析的方法对水域生态健康状态进行分析预测，能够较为客观地体现水与生态健康状态。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
本发明提供了一种水域生态健康状态检测方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)利用棋盘法对考察水域分为N个区，每个区选择n个位点，每个位点的面积为3m×3m，采集位点内土壤和水样，土壤样品使用塑料自封袋保存，水样使用塑料小方瓶加酸保存，并记录各位点的群落信息；根据实际情况，可选择浮游动物和水生植物观察其群落特征。土壤中全氮采用凯氏定氮仪测定，全磷、全钾及重金属采用ICP仪测定；水样总氮测定采用紫外分光光度法，总磷、钾及重金属采用ICP仪测定。
(2)对各位点采集到的土壤和水样进行测定，得到位点的各项环境质量指标；
设第k个区第j个位点第i项指标为对于步骤(2)测得的各项指标qji，1≤i≤m，1≤k≤N，根据指标表1中的类别Cji，为指标qji的权值赋值：
wji＝6-Cji
表1指标分类表(mg/L)
表中，若指标带有比较富豪，则值域表示范围，例如化学需氧量小于等于15，则其类别为1，化学需氧量的值为17，则其类别为2；再如无量纲的PH值，若其值为6，则其类别为2。
通过以下公式计算该区的环境预测值Dk：
其中n为步骤(1)选择的位点数量；
(3)根据群落信息获得每个位点中水样中的物种数和每个物种的个体数占群落总数的比例，利用Shannon-Wiener公式计算设第k个区第j个位点的生物多样性指数Hj：
其中，s是第j个位点的物种数，pji表示第i个物种的个体数占群落个体总数的比例；
则该区的生物多样性指数Hk′位n个位点的平均值：
(4)根据各区域的环境预测值和生物多样性指数计算水域生态健康状态指数Ek：
Ek＝Dk×Hk
(5)根据水域生态健康状态指数Ek的值将考察水域进行划分，该值越小，表明水域生态健康状态越差，该值越大，表明水域生态状态越好。
上述水域生态健康状态指数Ek还能够与水体的理化指标进行相关性分析，期以明确水体退化原因，为后期治理提供依据。
步骤(1)所述分区数量N为49～100。
步骤(1)所述每个区的位点数n至少为3。
本发明水域生态健康状态检测方法将水域中水生植物、浮游动物生物群落作为参考之一，同时对水域的水和土壤的环境指标结合分析，运用聚类分析和主成分分析的方法对水域生态健康状态进行分析预测，能够较为客观地体现水与生态健康状态。

Claims (3)

1.一种水域生态健康状态检测方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
(1)利用棋盘法对考察水域分为N个区，每个区选择n个位点，每个位点的面积为3m×3m，采集位点内土壤和水样，并记录各位点的群落信息；
(2)对各位点采集到的土壤和水样进行测定，得到位点的各项环境质量指标；
设第k个区第j个位点第i项指标为对于步骤(2)测得的各项指标qji，1≤i≤m，1≤k≤N，根据指标qji在表1中的类别Cji，为指标qji的权值赋值：
wji＝6-Cji
表1指标分类表
通过以下公式计算该区的环境预测值Dk：
<mrow> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mi>w</mi> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </mfrac> </mrow>
其中n为步骤(1)选择的位点数量；
(3)根据群落信息获得每个位点中水样中的物种数和每个物种的个体数占群落总数的比例，利用Shannon-Wiener公式计算设第k个区第j个位点的生物多样性指数Hj：
<mrow> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>s</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow>
其中，s是第j个位点的物种数，pji表示第i个物种的个体数占群落个体总数的比例；
则该区的生物多样性指数Hk′位n个位点的平均值：
<mrow> <msup> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo>&amp;prime;</mo> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </mfrac> </mrow>
(4)根据各区域的环境预测值和生物多样性指数计算水域生态健康状态指数Ek：
Ek＝Dk×Hk
(5)根据水域生态健康状态指数Ek的值将考察水域进行划分，该值越小，表明水域生态健康状态越差，该值越大，表明水域生态状态越好。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水域生态健康状态检测方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)所述分区数量N为49～100。
3.根据权利要求1所述的水域生态健康状态检测方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)所述每个区的位点数n至少为3。
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