CN107525482B - 一种测定茎中空草本植物茎壁体积和密度的方法 - Google Patents

一种测定茎中空草本植物茎壁体积和密度的方法 Download PDF

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CN107525482B
CN107525482B CN201710635320.8A CN201710635320A CN107525482B CN 107525482 B CN107525482 B CN 107525482B CN 201710635320 A CN201710635320 A CN 201710635320A CN 107525482 B CN107525482 B CN 107525482B
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张金伟
穆春生
范高华
杨雨衡
王俊锋
石玉杰
侯思宇
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    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种测定茎中空草本植物茎壁体积和密度的方法,选取长势均一的代表性植物刈割收获,去除叶片,称量每株茎鲜重,部分完整放置在内有浸过蒸馏水滤纸低温保存,另一部分在65℃烘干至恒重,计算茎干物质含量系数;测量保存的鲜茎高度,用游标卡尺分别测量用剪刀切取鲜茎顶端、底端以及中间部位4cm长茎的直径。加热融化石蜡后,在60℃温水中,液态石蜡注入中空的茎中,室温冷却固定后,切开去除外围植物的茎,测定内部石蜡圆柱体中间部位直径,计算茎体积和密度。解决了茎中空草本植物茎壁难以测定体积和密度的问题,本发明方法可以简便、准确的测出茎中空草本植物茎的体积和密度,广泛适用于茎中空的草本植物。

Description

一种测定茎中空草本植物茎壁体积和密度的方法
技术领域
本发明属于测量茎中空草本植物技术领域,具体涉及一种测定茎中空草本植物茎壁体积和密度的方法。
背景技术
植物的茎作为连接地上叶片和地下根系的“桥梁”,向上输导根系吸收的水分和无机盐,向下运输叶片合成的有机物到各个需要的器官;同时茎也起着重要的支持作用,支撑植物体的叶、花、果实,保证叶片获得充足阳光,花朵风媒或虫媒授粉的顺利进行等。植物茎体积和密度作为茎的基本性状与其功能密切相关,特别是茎的输导和支持功能会受到茎体积和密度变化的显著影响,具体是因为茎的体积和密度直接或间接影响着茎的高度、韧性、强度,以及纤维素含量、茎单位质量氮含量等物理和生理特性,从而与茎的疏导和支持功能相关。
目前关于植物适应策略的研究主要集中于植物的异速生长和不同器官功能性状的权衡关系,不论是异速生长还是植物功能性状植物茎的生物量、体积和密度都是重要的指标,然而科学家们在面对茎中空的草本植物时因为相关指标难以测定往往选择避开,茎体积和密度的研究只选择实心的木本或草本植物。利用石蜡和游标卡尺测量茎中空草本植物茎内、外直径,进而测定和计算其茎壁体积和密度的技术方法,同时多数学者对植物茎展开解剖学研究也只是局限于顶部的嫩茎,底端的茎因为其特殊的理化性质难以得到理想的切片,所以用解剖显微镜观察计算茎中空植物的茎体积和密度费时又费力,设计一种操作简单,结果准确的测定植物茎体积和密度的方法,对于今后植物适应策略的研究具有重要的意义,这也为进一步展开包括根、茎、叶器官植物经济谱的构建提供了技术支持。
但是,目前对植物茎体积和密度的测定仍然存在着如下的问题:1)到目前为止关于植物茎体积和密度的研究往往只涉及到实心的木本植物和草本植物,对于茎中空的草本植物,如:禾本科植物小麦(Triticum aestivum)、水稻(Oryza.sativa)、羊草(Leymus chinensis)、拂子茅(Calamagrostis epigejos)、狗尾草(Setaria viridis)、野黍(Eriochloa Villosa)等,毛茛科植物如蒙古白头翁(Pulsatilla ambigua)、细叶白头翁(Pulsatilla turczaninovii)等植物的茎中空,难以测定其体积和密度的问题,该方法可以简便、准确的测出茎中空草本植物茎壁的体积和密度,特别是大部分禾草茎体积和密度的测定鲜有报道或直接通过外径计算得到不准确的结果;2)茎中空的植物其内径由于受到空间的限制难以用简单的方法测得;3)测定时间过长或在干燥条件下可能使茎收缩变形导致结果不准确等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是利用石蜡和游标卡尺测量茎中空草本植物茎内、外直径,进而测定和计算其茎壁体积和密度的技术方法, 为了解决茎中空草本植物其茎壁体积和密度测定难度高、准确率低的技术问题,而提供了一种测定茎中空草本植物茎壁体积和密度的方法。
一种测定茎中空草本植物茎壁体积的方法,它包括:
1)选取长势均一的有代表性植株刈割收获;除叶完整放置于内有浸过蒸馏水滤纸的自封袋中,自封袋在冰盒中保存;
2)取冰盒中保存的鲜茎,测定高度H后,用剪刀切除去掉每株鲜茎顶端和底端2-4cm长的茎,再切取剩余部分茎的顶端、茎底端和中间处3-5cm长的茎段,分别测量三个茎段中间点处茎的外径,得到茎顶端的外径Dtop、茎中间部位茎的外径Dmiddle和茎底端茎的外径Dbottom
3)加热融化石蜡后,在55-65℃操作环境下,向茎段注入融化石蜡,室温冷却固定后,切开外围植物的茎,去除植物的茎,测石蜡圆柱体中间部位直径;得到茎顶端茎的内径dtop、茎中间部位茎的内径dmiddle和茎底端茎的内径dbottom
4)植物茎壁体积的计算
根据中空植物茎横切面积A=1/4π(D2-d2);茎顶端茎面积 Atop、茎中间部位茎Amiddle、茎底端茎 Abottom;平均横切面积Aave=1/3(Atop+Amiddle+Abottom);茎体积V=Aave ×H;
所述的向茎段注入融化石蜡,是在加热融化石蜡后,在60℃恒温水浴锅中用戴有橡胶隔热手套的食指堵住茎段的一端,另一端朝上略微高出水面;注射器在80℃水浴锅中加热,加热好的注射器快速吸取液态石蜡并将其迅速注入上述中空的茎段中;
所述的有代表性植株不少于十株;
所述的切除去掉每株鲜茎顶端和底端3cm长的茎,再切取剩余部分茎的顶端、茎底端和茎中间处4cm长的茎段;
一种测定茎中空草本植物茎壁密度的方法,它包括:
1)选取长势均一的有代表性植株刈割收获,去除叶,取部分植株茎,称量每株茎鲜重MA,在65℃烘箱中烘干48h以上至恒重,株茎干重记作mA;计算茎干物质含量系数SDMC=mA/MA
2)取部分植株称量每株茎鲜重M; 按上述的一种测定茎中空草本植物茎壁体积的方法,测量茎壁体积V=Aave ×H;那么株茎干重m=SDMC×M;植物茎密度ρ=m/V;
所述的部分植株茎不少于十株。
本发明提供了一种茎中空草本植物茎壁体积和密度测定方法,包括:选取长势均一、有代表性的植株,去叶,称鲜重;一部分植株烘干至恒重,计算干物质含量;另一部分植株用冰盒保存,测定高度,切除顶端和低端长3cm的茎,然后分别取顶端、底端和中间部位长4cm的茎,测量各段中间点处茎的直径D;60℃恒温水浴锅中,用戴有橡胶隔热手套的食指堵住茎段一端,另一端朝上略微高出水面;注射器快速吸取液态填充剂,迅速注入茎中;室温冷却,解剖刀切开外围植物的茎,分别测定内部各个填充剂圆柱体中间部位直径d;计算所测植物茎的干重m;通过茎高度和内外径测定茎壁体积;通过干重和体积测定植物茎密度;解决了难以测定其体积和密度的问题,该方法可以简便、准确的测出茎中空草本植物茎壁的体积和密度,广泛适用于大部分禾本科及其他茎中空的草本植物。本发明的测量精度可根据截取茎段数量和选择不同精度的天平以及游标卡尺来实现。本发明选用石蜡作为填充剂,价格低廉,无毒害,并且不会受到热胀冷缩的显著影响。
具体实施方式
以下进一步说明本发明的具体步骤及条件:
1、植物茎干物质含量的测定
选取长势均一的有代表性植物20株刈割收获,去除叶片,其中10株称量每株茎鲜重M,完整放置于内有浸过蒸馏水滤纸的自封袋中,自封袋在冰盒中保存,另外10株称量每株茎鲜重MA ,在65℃烘箱中烘干48h至恒重mA,进而计算茎干物质量系数SDMC=mA/MA
2、植物茎高度及外径的测定
测定完冰盒中保存的10株鲜茎高度H后,用剪刀切除去掉每株鲜茎顶端和底端3cm长的茎,再切取剩余部分茎的顶端、底端和中间处4cm长的茎段,并用游标卡尺分别测量这些4cm长茎段中间点处茎的直径,得到茎顶端、底端和中间部位茎的外径(Dtop, Dmiddle,Dbottom)。
3、植物茎内径的测定
加热融化市售石蜡后,在60℃恒温水浴锅中用戴有橡胶隔热手套的食指堵住茎段的一端,另一端朝上略微高出水面;5mL注射器在80℃水浴锅中加热,加热好的注射器快速吸取液态石蜡并将其迅速注入上述中空的茎中;室温冷却固定后,用解剖刀小心切开外围植物的茎,分别测定内部各个石蜡圆柱体中间部位直径,得到茎顶端、底端和中间部位茎的内径(dtop, dmiddle, dbottom)。
4、植物茎壁体积和密度的计算
通过茎干物质含量和鲜重计算所测植物茎的干重m=SDMC×M,通过茎高度和内外径测定茎壁体积其中植物茎横切面积A=π(1/2 D)2 -π(1/2d) 2=1/4π(D2-d2);平均横切面积Aave=1/3(Atop+Amiddle+Abottom);茎体积V=Aave×H,进而通过干重和体积测定植物茎密度ρ=m/V。

Claims (5)

1.一种测定茎中空草本植物茎壁体积的方法,它包括:
1)选取长势均一的有代表性植株刈割收获除叶,在野外将鲜茎完整放置于内有浸过蒸馏水滤纸的自封袋中,自封袋在冰盒中保存;
2)实验室内取鲜茎,测定高度H后,用剪刀切除去掉每株鲜茎顶端和底端3cm长的茎,再切取剩余部分茎的顶端、底端和中间处4cm长的茎段,分别测量三个茎段中间点处茎的外径,得到茎顶端的外径Dtop、中间部位茎的外径Dmiddle和外径底端茎的外径Dbottom
3)加热融化石蜡后,在60℃恒温水浴锅中用戴有橡胶隔热手套的食指堵住茎段的一端,另一端朝上略微高出水面;注射器在80℃水浴锅中加热,加热好的注射器快速吸取液态石蜡并将其迅速注入中空的茎段中;室温冷却固定后,切开外围植物的茎,去除植物的茎,测石蜡圆柱体中间部位直径,得到茎顶端茎的内径dtop、茎中间部位茎的内径dmiddle和茎底端茎的内径dbottom
4)植物茎壁体积的计算,根据中空植物茎横切面积A=1/4π(D2-d2);茎顶端茎面积 Atop、茎中间部位茎 Amiddle、茎底端茎 Abottom;平均横切面积Aave=1/3(Atop+Amiddle+Abottom);茎体积V=Aave ×H;那么株茎干重m=SDMC×M;植物茎密度ρ=m/V。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种测定茎中空草本植物茎壁体积的方法,其特征在于:步骤1)所述的有代表性植株不少于十株。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种测定茎中空草本植物茎壁体积的方法,其特征在于:所述的切除去掉每株鲜茎顶端和底端各3cm长的茎,再切取剩余部分茎的顶端、底端和中间处各4cm长的茎段。
4.一种测定茎中空草本植物茎壁密度的方法,它包括:
1)选取长势均一的有代表性植株刈割收获,去除叶,取部分植株茎,称量每株茎鲜重MA,烘干恒重,株茎干重记作mA;计算茎干物质含量系数SDMC=mA/MA
2)取部分植株称量每株茎鲜重M; 按权利要求1所述的一种测定茎中空草本植物茎壁体积的方法,测量茎壁体积V=Aave ×H;那么株茎干重m=SDMC×M;植物茎密度ρ=m/V。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种测定茎中空草本植物茎壁密度的方法,其特征在于:所述的部分植株茎不少于十株。
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