CN107525475A - A kind of object height measurement method - Google Patents
A kind of object height measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107525475A CN107525475A CN201710760211.9A CN201710760211A CN107525475A CN 107525475 A CN107525475 A CN 107525475A CN 201710760211 A CN201710760211 A CN 201710760211A CN 107525475 A CN107525475 A CN 107525475A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
- G01B11/0608—Height gauges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of object height measurement method, including：Object is photographed, pixels tall, the vertical pixel distance of object bottom to photo lower edge of object in measurement object shooting height, shooting inclination angle, photography photo；Reference point is photographed, 2 reference points are placed on the ground, reference point is photographed using identical shooting inclination angle, measurement reference point shooting height, pixel distance of each reference point to camera lens center in the distance of the subpoint on ground, photography photo between 2 reference points；Utilize reference point measurement data, computational photogrammetry parameter；Using object measurement data and photogrammetric parameter, object actual height is calculated；Measuring apparatus of the present invention is simple, is easy to carry, less demanding to operating environment, applied widely；There is obvious advantage for dynamic object thing measurement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of object height measurement method.
Background technology
Object elevation carrection is the frequently problem in daily life, engineering and scientific research.Daily life
In more common height measurement method be conventional contact measuring method, that is, utilize ruler to carry out elevation carrection.It is more normal in engineering
Height measurement method is that ruler amount is high, theodolite cooperation steel ruler surveys height, total powerstation survey is high, the survey of laser ranging altitude meter is high.
Height is surveyed using ruler and belongs to traditional contact measurement method, is to use ruler direct measurement on object.This kind
The advantages of measuring method, is：Good measurement accuracy can be ensured in tape measure range ability, it is simple and quick, it is applied to
The measurement work of precision target thing.The shortcomings that this kind of method, is：Measured for highly larger object difficult；For can not
The object or body surface that directly contact are rugged raised serious, and measurement difficulty is big.
Following steps need to be typically carried out during with transit survey object height：Survey station point is demarcated first, in survey station point
Upper placement theodolite, after pair warp and weft instrument slightly put down, aimed at, essence is flat, using level between tape measuring survey station point and object away from
From, theodolite and levelling rod can also be utilized, based on subtense technique ranging from.With its angle of depression with object bottom of transit survey
And with the elevation angle at the top of object, so as to calculate the height of object by geometrical relationship, measurement accuracy is higher.But pass through
Latitude instrument quality is larger, inconvenient to carry；The ground of erection needs hard ground, and theodolite sedimentation otherwise can be caused unstable, influenceed
Measurement accuracy, for the specific environmental adaptabilities such as weak soil or sandy beach deficiency.Centering leveling is also needed to during erection, for carry out
The situation of multimetering does homework, it is necessary to take a significant amount of time.
, can be direct in the case of can dispose prism above and below object during with total station survey object height
The three-dimensional coordinate above and below object is measured, so as to calculate object height.In the case of prism can not being disposed at the top of object,
Suspension surveying can be carried out.Substantially step is as follows for it：Prism is placed in object bottom, then measures itself and prism using total powerstation
The flat vertical angle away from and with target top, so as to obtain object height.The advantages of high is surveyed using total powerstation to be to reduce
Human error, digital independent are more convenient with processing.But still suffer from big instrument quality, complex operation, have to setting up ground
The shortcomings of high requirement.
Laser ranging altitude meter (altitude meter) is held what laser ranging system and vertical angle sensor were combined into one
Instrument for quick measuring.Altitude meter has a function of automatic lock onto target thing, need to only pin " range " button and in object lens are visited during use
Ensure red instruction photoelectricity alignment determinand, laser beam can be sent after release button from altitude meter, ensure that user has
Time enough carrys out lock onto target.The each measurement of altitude meter is all made up of multiplicating measurement, when acquisition measurement enough
After information, measurement result can be automatically displayed on liquid crystal board.The advantages of this method：It is light and handy portable, it is simple to operate, assize it is high,
Construction site etc. is to required precision is not high and limited cost fields of measurement application.The shortcomings that this method, has：Instrument institute
The precision that can be measured and the size and reflectivity of object to be measured have much relations, high for the object error of darker or lighter.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome deficiency of the prior art, there is provided a kind of object height measurement method, solve
In the prior art there is the small scope of application, complex operation, instruments weight greatly to operating environment requirement in object height measurement method
It is too high, be not suitable for dynamic object thing measurement etc. technical problem.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of object height measurement method, bag
Include following steps：
(1) photography and measurement to object：Object is photographed using camera；Measurement shooting height, shooting are inclined
Oblique angle；The pixels tall of object, the vertical pixel distance of object bottom to photo lower edge on metric photography photo；
(2) photography and measurement to reference point：2 reference points are placed on ground, make 2 reference points and camera with always
On line, reference point is photographed using with step (1) identical shooting inclination angle, measurement shooting height, each reference point to phase
Distance of the machine optical center in the subpoint on ground；Pixel distance on metric photography photo between 2 reference points；
(3) photogrammetric parameter calculates：Using the reference point measurement data of step (2), the photography designed by this patent
Measurement parameter computational methods, photogrammetric parameter, calculation formula corresponding to inclination angle are as follows in calculation procedure (2)：
Wherein：PO', O'A' are photogrammetric parameter；PO' represent P and O' between air line distance, O' be photographic plane and
PO intersection point；PO be reference point shooting straight line between the subpoint O on ground of imaging convergent point P and camera lens center away from
From；PO is perpendicular to horizontal plane；O'A' represents the pixel distance between O' and A', and A' is that the reference point A nearest from camera is being shot
The projection of plane, its subpoint A' is just at display screen lower boundary；A'B' represents reference point A and reference point B in photographic plane
Subpoint A', B' between pixel distance；β represents shooting inclination angle；
θ1Angle between expression PO and PA, computational methods are as follows：
θ2Angle between expression PO and PB, computational methods are as follows：
Wherein, OA represents the actual range between point O and reference point A；OB represents the reality between point O and reference point B points
Distance；
(4) object highly calculates：Using step (1) to object measurement data and the photogrammetric parameter of step (3),
The photogrammetric height calculation method designed by this patent, calculates object actual height, and calculation formula is as follows：
GH=P1O1.(tanγ2-tanγ1).cotγ2 (4)
Wherein：GH represents the actual height of the air line distance, i.e. object between the summit H and object bottom G of object
Degree；P1O1For the imaging convergent point P of object shooting1With subpoint O of the camera lens center on ground1Between air line distance；
P1O1Perpendicular to horizontal plane；
γ1Represent P1O1With P1Angle between G, computational methods are as follows：
γ2Represent P1O1With P1Angle between H, computational methods are as follows：
Wherein A1' H'=A1'G'+G'H'
PO', O'A' are photogrammetric parameter；A1G' represents point A1With the pixel distance between point G', A1To be located at after imaging
Physical location corresponding to camera display screen lower boundary point, point G' are subpoints of the point G on photographic plane；A1H' represents point A1
With the pixel distance between point H', point H' is subpoints of the point H on photographic plane.
Object or reference point photography are carried out from digital camera or slr camera or mobile phone.
Shooting inclination angle is measured using inclinator.
Pixels tall and pixel distance are measured using reading graph software.
The reading graph software includes Photoshop softwares.
It is required that object is consistent with total pixel regulation of reference point photography photo.
When being photographed to object, reference point, from delay screening-mode.
Reference point is two independent objects or is an object with two clear reference points.
It can be made according to reference point the step of photogrammetric and photogrammetric parameter calculating corresponding to various shooting inclinations angle
Photogrammetric parameter list.When actual photogrammetric, by inquiring about photogrammetric parameter list instead of reference point is photogrammetric and photography
Measurement parameter calculation procedure.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that is reached of the present invention is：
Measuring apparatus is simple, is easy to carry, less demanding to operating environment, applied widely；Analysis meter is carried out to photo
Calculate, image quality is high, and correlation distance measures precision height in image；Imaging time is short, has substantially for dynamic object thing measurement
Advantage.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is that photogrammetric parameter calculates schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the highly photogrammetric schematic diagram of object.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Following examples are only used for clearly illustrating the present invention
Technical scheme, and can not be limited the scope of the invention with this.
A kind of object height measurement method provided by the invention, comprises the following steps：
(1) object is photographed and measured, measurement object shooting height P1O1, shooting angle of inclination beta, photography photo
The pixels tall G'H' of middle object, the vertical pixel distance A of object bottom to photo lower edge1'G'；
During shooting, shooting camera can be positioned on tripod, adjustment tripod from object with a distance from, and camera
Inclination angle is shot, photographic subjects thing photo requires completely to be shown in photo at the top and bottom of object, and object imaging is located at
Photo center.Camera is adjusted to delay screening-mode during shooting, shooting during avoiding hand from tripping to camera tilts
The influence at angle.
Shooting height P1O1It can be measured with tape measure, shooting angle of inclination beta can use inclinator to measure.
(2) photography and measurement to reference point, 2 reference points is placed on ground, it is appeared in cameras line,
A, B are from the close-by examples to those far off designated as according to the distance away from tripod respectively, angle of inclination beta is shot to reference point using with step (1) identical
Photographed, measurement reference point shooting height PO, each reference point to camera lens center the subpoint on ground distance OA,
Pixel distance A'B' in OB, photography photo between reference point；
Camera is placed on tripod, from 2 reference points are placed at tripod thing suitable distance, reference point can be class
Like the miniature object such as bottle cap, subpoint, the reference point of the optical center of camera on ground are located along the same line, and at the straight line
In the center line of camera display screen.
Pixels tall and pixel distance can be measured using reading graph software, and reading graph software is such as：Photoshop softwares.
(3) computational photogrammetry parameter, reference point measurement data OA, OB, PO, A'B' and shooting using step (2)
Angle of inclination beta, the photogrammetric parameter corresponding to the shooting inclination angle of step (2) is obtained by photogrammetric calculation method of parameters
PO'、O'A'。
As shown in figure 1, the computational methods of photogrammetric parameter PO', O'A' are as follows：
In figure：P is reference point imaging congruence accumulation, and O is camera lens center in the subpoint on ground, and PO is perpendicular to water
Plane, its height are designated as shooting height；O' is photographic plane and PO intersection point；O'B' is photographic plane；β is that the vertical of camera inclines
Oblique angle, that is, shoot inclination angle；A, B is 2 reference points set on the ground, wherein, A points are close to O points；A', B' are respectively A, B
In photographic plane O'B' projection；A' is located at the lower boundary of camera display screen.Photogrammetric parameter PO', O'A' can by OA,
OB, PO, A'B', β are calculated, and calculating process is as follows：
As shown in figure 1, note note ∠ O ' PA '=θ1, ∠ O ' PB '=θ2It can be obtained according to sine：
Obtained by (1), (2) formula：
It can also be obtained by sine：
Photogrammetric parameter O'A' can obtain by (5) Shi Ke get：
By (6) Shi Ke get：
Photogrammetric parameter PO' can obtain by (7), (8) formula：
As photogrammetric parameter O'A', PO' corresponding to (7), (9) can draw shooting angle β.
(4) actual height of object is calculated, utilizes the object measurement data A of step (1)1'G'、G'H'、P1O1, β with
And photogrammetric parameter O'A', PO' that step (3) calculates, object actual height is obtained by object height calculation method.
As shown in Fig. 2 object height GH calculating process is as follows：
In figure, P1For object imaging congruence accumulation, O1For subpoint of the camera lens center on ground, P1O1Vertically
In horizontal plane, its height is designated as shooting height；O1' H' is photographic plane；O1' for the intersection point of photographic plane and vertical curve；β is phase
The vertical inclination angle of machine, that is, shoot inclination angle；A1To be located at camera display screen lower boundary point A after imaging1' corresponding actual bit
Put；A1' it is A1In the projection of photographic plane；G represents ginseng object bottom, and H represents the top of object, and GH is realistic objective thing
Highly；G', H' are respectively the projection of G, H in photographic plane；I is P1H extended lines and horizontal intersection point.GH height can be by clapping
Take the photograph photogrammetric parameter O'A', PO' and A'G', G'H', P corresponding to angle of inclination beta1O1, β obtained by geometrical relationship.Calculating process
It is as follows：
As shown in Fig. 2 note ∠ O1P1G=γ1, ∠ O1P1H=γ2；It can be seen from the imaging characteristicses of camera, in Fig. 1
PO', O'A' respectively with the P in Fig. 21O1'、O1'A1' equal, then during the height of object calculates, obtained with step (3)
Photogrammetric parameter PO', O'A' obtained replaces P1O1'、O1'A1' calculated.
Obtained by sine：
Obtained by (15) (16)：
Wherein A1' H'=A1' G'+G'H', then can be obtained by geometrical relationship：
O1G=P1O1.tanγ1；
O1I=P1O1.tanγ2；
Therefore the height of realistic objective thing is：
GH=P1O1.(tanγ2-tanγ1).cotγ2
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, some improvement and deformation can also be made, these are improved and deformation
Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of object height measurement method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) photography and measurement to object：Object is photographed using camera；Measure shooting height, shooting inclination angle；
The pixels tall of object, the vertical pixel distance of object bottom to photo lower edge on metric photography photo；
(2) photography and measurement to reference point：2 reference points are chosen on ground, make 2 reference points and camera in same straight line
On, reference point is photographed using with step (1) identical shooting inclination angle, measurement shooting height, each reference point to camera
Distance of the optical center in the subpoint on ground；Pixel distance on metric photography photo between 2 reference points；
(3) photogrammetric parameter calculates：Using the reference point measurement data of step (2), computational photogrammetry parameter, specifically such as
Under：
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Wherein：PO', O'A' are photogrammetric parameter；PO' represents the air line distance between P and O', and O' is photographic plane and PO
Intersection point；PO is the air line distance of imaging the convergent point P and camera lens center of reference point shooting between the subpoint O on ground；
PO is perpendicular to horizontal plane；O'A' represents the pixel distance between O' and A', and A' is the reference point A nearest from camera in camera plane
Projection, its subpoint A' is just at display screen lower boundary；A'B' represents throwings of the reference point A and reference point B in photographic plane
Pixel distance between shadow point A', B'；β represents shooting inclination angle；
θ1Angle between expression PO and PA, computational methods are as follows：
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θ2Angle between expression PO and PB, computational methods are as follows：
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Wherein, OA represents the actual range between point O and reference point A；OB represents the actual range between point O and reference point B points；
(4) object highly calculates：Using step (1) to object measurement data and the photogrammetric parameter of step (3), calculate
Object actual height, calculation formula are as follows：
GH=P1O1.(tanγ2-tanγ1).cotγ2 (5)
Wherein：GH represents the actual height of the air line distance, i.e. object between the summit H and object bottom G of object；
P1O1For the imaging convergent point P of object shooting1With subpoint O of the camera lens center on ground1Between air line distance；P1O1
Perpendicular to horizontal plane；
γ1Represent P1O1With P1Angle between G, computational methods are as follows：
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γ2Represent P1O1With P1Angle between H, computational methods are as follows：
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Wherein A1' H'=A1'G'+G'H'；
PO', O'A' are photogrammetric parameter；A1G' represents point A1With the pixel distance between point G', A1To be located at camera after imaging
Physical location corresponding to display screen lower boundary point, point G' are subpoints of the point G on photographic plane；A1H' represents point A1With point
Pixel distance between H', point H' are subpoints of the point H on photographic plane.
2. object height measurement method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that from digital camera or slr camera
Or mobile phone carries out object or reference point photography.
3. object height measurement method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that measure shooting using inclinator and tilt
Angle.
4. object height measurement method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it is high to measure pixel using reading graph software
Degree and pixel distance.
5. object height measurement method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the reading graph software includes
Photoshop softwares.
6. object height measurement method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that taken the photograph to object, reference point
During shadow, from delay screening-mode.
7. object height measurement method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it is required that object and reference point photography
Total pixel regulation of photo is consistent.
8. object height measurement method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that reference point is two independent objects
Or it is an object with two clear reference points.
9. object height measurement method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that can be according to step (2) and step (3)
Photogrammetric parameter list corresponding to making various shooting inclinations angle, step (2) and step are replaced with the photogrammetric parameter list
(3)。
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN109285145A (en) * | 2018-08-12 | 2019-01-29 | 浙江农林大学 | The more plants of standing tree height measurement methods based on smart phone |
| CN109285145B (en) * | 2018-08-12 | 2021-07-02 | 浙江农林大学 | Multi-standing tree height measuring method based on smart phone |
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| CN111307046B (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2021-06-01 | 东北林业大学 | Tree height measuring method based on hemispherical image |
| TWI780836B (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2022-10-11 | 建國工程股份有限公司 | Construction measurement method |
| CN114046728A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2022-02-15 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Method for measuring target object in large area based on hyperfocal distance imaging |
| CN114234876A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-03-25 | 中国人民解放军空军军医大学 | Method for measuring width of remote target |
| CN114935776A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-08-23 | 广东省有色工业建筑质量检测站有限公司 | Monitoring and analyzing system and monitoring and analyzing method for road inspection well cover |
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