CN107525293A - Refrigeration system and method and the system and method for producing liquefied natural gas - Google Patents
Refrigeration system and method and the system and method for producing liquefied natural gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN107525293A CN107525293A CN201610443447.5A CN201610443447A CN107525293A CN 107525293 A CN107525293 A CN 107525293A CN 201610443447 A CN201610443447 A CN 201610443447A CN 107525293 A CN107525293 A CN 107525293A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of refrigeration system, and it includes：Heat exchanger；And cooling cycle system, it includes：Supersonic speed separator, it is at least partially disposed in the heat exchanger, the supersonic speed separator receives and expands cooled cold-producing medium stream, to obtain the low-temperature refrigerant stream to freeze in the supersonic speed separator, and the low-temperature refrigerant stream is compressed in institute's supersonic speed separator, to obtain the cold-producing medium stream being warmed；Compression module, for receiving and compressing the cold-producing medium stream being warmed, to obtain the cold-producing medium stream compressed, and the cold-producing medium stream compressed is provided to the heat exchanger；The cold-producing medium stream compressed and the low-temperature refrigerant stream are carried out heat exchange by the heat exchanger, to obtain cooled cold-producing medium stream, and provide the cooled cold-producing medium stream to the supersonic speed separator.System and method the invention further relates to corresponding refrigerating method and for producing liquefied natural gas.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to refrigerating field, more particularly to a kind of refrigeration system and method and for producing liquefied natural gas
System and method.
Background technology
Refrigeration Technique by large-scale application into industrial production, to meet the occasion of needs low temperature environment in industrial production.
For example, provide low temperature environment for the liquefaction (such as natural gas liquefaction) of gas.
As a kind of conventional refrigerating method, refrigerant can first be compressed, then inflated, so as to obtain low temperature to carry out
Refrigeration.In order to realize this refrigerating method, it usually needs complicated refrigerant bloating plant, such as using multiple expanding machines cascade with
Carry out multiple expansion etc..This complicated equipment not only increases the manufacturing cost of refrigeration system, and because its complexity causes
Higher spoilage, also improves maintenance cost.In addition, this complicated equipment is mainly swollen using adiabatic expansion or constant enthalpy
Swollen, the energy loss in expansion process is big, and resource consumption is high.
Therefore, it is necessary to a kind of new Refrigeration Technique is provided, to solve at least one above-mentioned technical problem.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of refrigeration system and method and for producing system and the side of liquefied natural gas
Method.
In one aspect, embodiments of the invention are related to a kind of refrigeration system, and it includes：Heat exchanger；And kind of refrigeration cycle system
System, it includes：Supersonic speed separator, it is at least partially disposed in the heat exchanger, and the supersonic speed separator is received and expanded
Cooled cold-producing medium stream, to obtain the low-temperature refrigerant stream to freeze in the supersonic speed separator, and in institute's Supersonic
The compression low-temperature refrigerant stream in fast separator, to obtain the cold-producing medium stream being warmed；Compression module, for receiving and compressing
The cold-producing medium stream being warmed, to obtain the cold-producing medium stream compressed, and the system compressed is provided to the heat exchanger
Cryogen stream；The cold-producing medium stream compressed and the low-temperature refrigerant stream are carried out heat exchange by the heat exchanger, to obtain quilt
The cold-producing medium stream of cooling, and provide the cooled cold-producing medium stream to the supersonic speed separator.
In another aspect, embodiments of the invention are related to a kind of system for producing liquefied natural gas, and it includes：Change
Hot device；Module is provided, for providing natural gas flow to heat exchanger；And cooling cycle system, it includes：Supersonic speed separator, its
It is at least partially disposed in the heat exchanger, the supersonic speed separator receives and expands cooled cold-producing medium stream, with described
The low-temperature refrigerant stream to freeze is obtained in supersonic speed separator, and the cryogenic refrigeration is compressed in institute's supersonic speed separator
Agent stream, to obtain the cold-producing medium stream being warmed；Compression module, for receiving and compressing the cold-producing medium stream being warmed, to obtain
The cold-producing medium stream compressed is obtained, and the cold-producing medium stream compressed is provided to the heat exchanger；The heat exchanger will be described low
Warm cold-producing medium stream and the natural gas flow and the cold-producing medium stream compressed carry out heat exchange, with obtain liquefied natural gas with
And cooled cold-producing medium stream, and the cooled cold-producing medium stream is supplied to the supersonic speed separator.
In another aspect, embodiments of the invention are related to a kind of refrigerating method, and it includes：Changed by being at least partially disposed at
Supersonic speed separator in hot device, receive and expand cooled cold-producing medium stream, to be used in the supersonic speed separator
With the low-temperature refrigerant stream of refrigeration, and the low-temperature refrigerant stream is compressed in institute's supersonic speed separator, to obtain what is be warmed
Cold-producing medium stream；By compression module, receive and compress the cold-producing medium stream being warmed, to obtain the cold-producing medium stream compressed,
And provide the cold-producing medium stream compressed to the heat exchanger；By the heat exchanger, by the cold-producing medium stream compressed
Heat exchange is carried out with the low-temperature refrigerant stream, to obtain cooled cold-producing medium stream, and is provided to the supersonic speed separator
The cooled cold-producing medium stream.
In yet another aspect, embodiments of the invention are related to a kind of method for producing liquefied natural gas, and it includes：It is logical
Offer module is provided, natural gas flow is provided to heat exchanger；By the supersonic speed separator being at least partially disposed in the heat exchanger, connect
Receive and expand cooled cold-producing medium stream, to obtain the low-temperature refrigerant stream to freeze in the supersonic speed separator, and
The low-temperature refrigerant stream is compressed in institute's supersonic speed separator, to obtain the cold-producing medium stream being warmed；By compression module, connect
Receive and compress the cold-producing medium stream being warmed, to obtain the cold-producing medium stream compressed, and the quilt is provided to the heat exchanger
The cold-producing medium stream of compression；By the heat exchanger, by the low-temperature refrigerant stream and the natural gas flow and described compressed
Cold-producing medium stream carry out heat exchange, to obtain liquefied natural gas and cooled cold-producing medium stream, and by the cooled refrigeration
Agent stream is supplied to the supersonic speed separator.
Brief description of the drawings
Refer to the attached drawing reads following detailed description, can help to understand feature, aspect and the advantage of the present invention, wherein：
Fig. 1 is the structural representation according to the refrigeration system of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation according to the supersonic speed separator of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation according to the compression module of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation for being used to produce the system of liquefied natural gas according to one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural representation for being used to produce the system of liquefied natural gas according to another embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the schematic flow sheet according to the refrigerating method of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 7 is the schematic flow sheet for being used to produce the method for liquefied natural gas according to one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
" comprising " used herein, "comprising", " containing " or " having " and similar word refer to except being listed in
Thereafter outside project and its equivalent, other projects also can be within scope.Approximate term in the application is used for modifying number
Amount, represent that the present invention is not limited to the particular number, in addition to the quantity it is close, it is acceptable, will not cause
The part of the amendment of the change of related basic function.
In the specification and in the claims, unless clearly dictating otherwise, single plural number of all items is not any limitation as.This
" first ", " second " and the similar word used in application for a patent for invention specification and claims is not offered as
Any order, quantity or importance, and be used only to distinguish different materials or embodiment etc..
Unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, term "or", "or" are not meant to exclusive, and are referred to exist and referred to
It is at least one in project (such as composition), and the situation that the combination including referring to project may have.
Referred in present specification " some embodiments " etc., represent a kind of specific factor related to the present invention
(such as feature, structure and/or feature) is comprised at least one embodiment described in this specification, may or can not possibly be gone out
Now in other embodiment.In addition, it is necessary to understand, the invention key element can combine in any suitable manner.
In the present invention, " natural gas (Natural Gas) " represents the mixture for including hydrocarbon gas.Obtained at separate sources
The composition and pressure of the natural gas obtained can be dramatically different.In certain embodiments, it is gentle to include but is not limited to casing-head gas for natural gas
Field gas.In certain embodiments, typical natural gas is mainly comprising methane (carbon atom number is 1 hydrocarbons).
" liquefied natural gas (LNG, Liquefied Natural Gas) " represents existing natural gas in fluid form,
The main component of liquefied natural gas includes methane, but can also include other elements and/or compound, such as micro ethane, third
Alkane, butane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, hydrogen sulfide, or combinations thereof.
" mixed gas " represent the natural gas without hydrocarbons separating treatment；" hydrocarbons separating treatment " table
Show the processing for being separated one or more hydrocarbons with another or a variety of hydrocarbons.The mixed gas can wrap
The mixture of hydrocarbon-containifirst material, such as comprising methane, ethane and heavy hydrocarbon.
" raw natural gas (Raw Natural Gas) " represents undressed natural gas, and raw natural gas may be from ground
Layer, such as comes from oil field.In certain embodiments, raw natural gas can typically comprise methane；In certain embodiments, raw material
Natural gas can also contain ethane (carbon atom number be 2 hydrocarbons), heavy hydrocarbon, one or more sour gas (including but
It is not limited to carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide and mercaptan etc.), and a small amount of pollutant is (including but not limited to
Water, helium, nitrogen, iron sulfide, wax and crude oil etc.).The composition and pressure of the raw natural gas obtained at separate sources can significantly not
Together.
" heavy hydrocarbon (Heavy Hydrocarbons) " represents the hydrocarbons that carbon atom number is three or more than three.Weight
Hydrocarbon can be liquefied as gas reducing liquid (NGL, Natural Gas Liquid).
Below according to brief description of the drawings embodiments of the present invention, well-known function may not hereinafter be described in detail
And structure, to avoid making the present invention become puzzling because of unnecessary details.
Fig. 1 shows the structural representation of refrigeration system 90 according to an embodiment of the invention.Refrigeration system 90 includes
Heat exchanger 101 and cooling cycle system 300.
Heat exchanger 101 is used to carry out direct or indirect heat exchange between the hot-fluid of the heat exchanger and cold flow flowing through.
In some embodiments, heat exchanger 101 may include any part for being used to realize above-mentioned heat exchange, such as heat exchanger fin, pipeline；One
In a little embodiments, heat exchanger 101 includes but is not limited to dividing wall type heat exchanger, such as shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
Cooling cycle system 300 can be used for providing the low temperature needed for refrigeration.Cold-producing medium stream is followed in cooling cycle system 300
Circulation moves；Cold-producing medium stream includes any can be handled by cooling cycle system 300 to provide the material of the low temperature needed for refrigeration；One
In a little embodiments, cold-producing medium stream includes but is not limited to nitrogen, methane or combinations thereof.
Cooling cycle system 300 includes compression module 301 and supersonic speed separator 302.
Supersonic speed separator 302 is at least partially disposed in heat exchanger 101.Supersonic speed separator 302 is received from heat exchange
The cooled cold-producing medium stream 404 of device 101, and the cooled cold-producing medium stream 404 is expanded, with supersonic speed separator 302
The low-temperature refrigerant stream 405 for obtaining to freeze, the low-temperature refrigerant stream 405 can provide the low temperature needed for refrigeration；In some realities
Apply in example, Cryo Refrigerator stream 405 can produce in the part that supersonic speed separator 302 is located in heat exchanger 101, or flow through super
Velocity of sound separator 302 is located at the part in heat exchanger 101.Also, supersonic speed separator 302 is in the supersonic speed separator 302
Low-temperature refrigerant stream 405 is compressed, to obtain the cold-producing medium stream 406 being warmed, and the cold-producing medium stream 406 that this is warmed is supplied to
Compression module 301.
Cold-producing medium stream 404 is accelerated after supersonic speed separator 405 is entered, and is expanded, and temperature reduces, so as to super
Low-temperature refrigerant stream 405 is produced in velocity of sound separator 302；Due at least part (such as cryogenic refrigeration of supersonic speed separator 302
The part that agent stream 405 is flowed through) in heat exchanger 101, therefore the low-temperature refrigerant stream 405 can be as the cold of the heat exchanger 101
Stream, the hot-fluid with flowing through heat exchanger 101 carries out heat exchange, so as to cool down the hot-fluid for flowing through heat exchanger 101.
In certain embodiments, the temperature range of refrigeration machine stream 404 is about -70 DEG C to -110 DEG C, and its pressure limit is about
1‐5Mpa.In certain embodiments, the temperature range of low-temperature refrigerant stream 405 is about -165 DEG C to -170 DEG C, its pressure limit
About 0.1-1Mpa.
As the speed of low-temperature refrigerant stream 405 reaches the velocity of sound even supersonic speed, shock wave produces in supersonic speed separator 302
Raw, the speed of low-temperature refrigerant stream 405 declines therewith, and is compressed in supersonic speed separator 302, temperature rise, so as to
Obtain the cold-producing medium stream 406 being warmed.The cold-producing medium stream 406 being warmed is provided to compression module 301.In some embodiments
In, the temperature range of the cold-producing medium stream 406 being warmed is about -40 DEG C to -70 DEG C, and its pressure limit is about 0.5-2Mpa.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are referred to, in certain embodiments, supersonic speed separator 302 includes contraction flow region 312 and enlarged portion
322, and contraction flow region 312 is at least partially disposed at 101 in heat exchanger.Cooled cold-producing medium stream 404 is added in contraction flow region 312
Speed is simultaneously inflated, and to obtain low-temperature refrigerant stream 405, and low-temperature refrigerant stream 405 by reduction of speed and is pressed in enlarged portion 322
Contracting, to obtain the cold-producing medium stream 406 being warmed.
In certain embodiments, contraction flow region 312 and enlarged portion 322 can include multiple parts respectively, to realize respectively each
Function.In certain embodiments, contraction flow region 312 may include De Laval noz(zle) (not shown, convergent divergent
nozzle)；In certain embodiments, contraction flow region 312 also includes the trunnion being connected with De Laval noz(zle).In certain embodiments,
Contraction flow region 312 is without using cyclone.
In certain embodiments, except for receiving cold-producing medium stream 404 and passage for exporting cold-producing medium stream 406,
Supersonic speed separator 302 does not include other passages that can be connected with external device (ED).In certain embodiments, in some embodiments
In, used supersonic speed separator 302 is probably that general (i.e. the supersonic speed separator 302 can be applied to various systems
In to realize different functions), therefore it may include the runner 332 for gas-liquid separation, but the runner 322 is closure.
In certain embodiments, supersonic speed separator 302 can be integrated with heat exchanger 101；In certain embodiments, Supersonic
Fast separator 302 can disassemble from heat exchanger 101.
Please continue to refer to Fig. 1, compression module 301 receives the cold-producing medium stream 406 from supersonic speed separator 302, to the system
Cold stream 406 is compressed, and obtains the cold-producing medium stream 403 compressed, and the cold-producing medium stream 403 is supplied into heat exchanger 101.
In some embodiments, the pressure limit of cold-producing medium stream 403 is about 1-5Mpa, and its temperature is generally in the range of normal temperature, such as its temperature
Scope is about 10-30 DEG C.
In certain embodiments, compression module 301 carries out multi-stage compression to cold-producing medium stream 406；In certain embodiments, press
Contracting module 301 carries out two stages of compression to cold-producing medium stream 406.
Refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, in certain embodiments, compression module 301 include multiple compressor reducers 311 and respectively with
Multiple intercoolers 312 that the plurality of compressor reducer 311 couples, each compressor reducer 311 carry out one-level pressure to cold-producing medium stream 406
Contracting；In certain embodiments, compression module 301 includes at most 2 compressor reducers 311.Intercooler 312 is to coupled pressure
The cold-producing medium stream that contracting device 311 exports is cooled down, and the cold-producing medium stream after cooling is supplied to the compressor reducer 311 of next stage.
In some embodiments, the compressor reducer 311 (i.e. the compressor reducer 311 of the leftmost side in Fig. 3) of the first order is between supersonic speed separator 302
A cooler (not shown) is also associated with, to cool down the cold-producing medium stream 406 of the output of supersonic speed separator 302.In some realities
Apply in example, compressor reducer 311 include but is not limited to pump, turbo-compressor, reciprocating compressor, piston compressor, rotating vane,
Helical-lobe compressor etc..
It should be noted that the compression module 301 shown in Fig. 3 is only an example, to be better described, not for
The compression module 301 of the present invention is specifically limited.
Please continue to refer to Fig. 1, heat exchanger 101 receives the refrigeration machine stream 403 compressed from compression module 301, and will
The refrigeration machine stream 403 compressed carries out heat exchange with low-temperature refrigerant stream 405, to obtain cooled cold-producing medium stream 404, and
The cooled cold-producing medium stream 404 is supplied to supersonic speed separator 302, so as to form kind of refrigeration cycle.
With the development of technology, various equipment become increasingly complex, therefore, when carrying out System design, art technology
The equipment that personnel generally can not be split one only considers its input-output characteristic by its application to various fields as flight data recorder
Close, without concern for its internal change occurred, this has turned into the inertial thinking of those skilled in the art.For example, as one not
Detachable equipment, those skilled in the art generally compare input gas flow temperature more using the output gas flow of supersonic speed separator
Characteristic that is low, and the relatively low portion gas of the condensing temperature inputted in air-flow being liquefied and be thrown away, supersonic speed separator is made
Used for cooler, separator.The present invention has broken this inertial thinking, and supersonic speed separator is combined with heat exchanger, profit
Produced used in supersonic speed separator interior and existing low-temperature refrigerant stream is freezed.
By by supersonic speed separator combined with heat exchanger and utilize supersonic speed separator interior produce and it is existing low
Warm cold-producing medium stream is freezed, and reduces the equipment in cooling cycle system (in certain embodiments, except supersonic speed separator
Outside, the series being compressed to cold-producing medium stream can be down to two-stage), the structure of cooling cycle system is simplified, cost can be reduced,
And make the maintenance of equipment more simple.Also, compared to adiabatic expansion and isenthalpic expansion (expansion as utilized J-T valves), supersonic speed
Separator is to the expansion that cold-producing medium stream is carried out closer to constant entropy expansion；In the case where realizing and maintaining identical low temperature, constant entropy
It is less to expand the pressure drop needed, consuming little energy, more saves；In certain embodiments, it is swollen compared to constant enthalpy in kind of refrigeration cycle
Swollen, it is even more more that the expansion close to constant entropy realized using supersonic speed separator can save energy about 10%.
The refrigeration system of the present embodiment can be applied to a variety of occasions.The refrigeration system application of the present embodiment is mainly described in detail below
To the embodiment of natural gas liquefaction, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the application of the refrigeration system of the present embodiment not office
It is limited to natural gas liquefaction.
Fig. 4 shows the structural representation according to an embodiment of the invention for being used to produce the system 80 of liquefied natural gas
Figure.System 80 includes heat exchanger 102, provides module 201 and cooling cycle system 300.Cooling cycle system 300 is in reference
It is described in detail, is will not be repeated here in Fig. 1-embodiment illustrated in fig. 3.
Heat exchanger 102 is used to carry out direct or indirect heat exchange between the hot-fluid of the heat exchanger and cold flow flowing through.
In some embodiments, heat exchanger 102 may include any part for being used to realize above-mentioned heat exchange, such as heat exchanger fin, pipeline；One
In a little embodiments, heat exchanger 102 includes but is not limited to dividing wall type heat exchanger, such as shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
Module 201 is provided and provides natural gas flow 401 to heat exchanger 102.Natural gas flow 401 flows through heat exchanger 102, and conduct
The hot-fluid of the heat exchanger 102, the low-temperature refrigerant stream 405 with flowing through heat exchanger 102 carries out heat exchange, so as to by heat exchanger 102
Cooling, obtain liquefied natural gas 402.In certain embodiments, the temperature range of natural gas flow 401 is about -40 DEG C to -70 DEG C,
Its pressure limit is about 4-7Mpa；The temperature of liquefied natural gas 402 is less than -140 DEG C, and pressure is about 4-7Mpa；In some implementations
In example, the temperature range of liquefied natural gas 402 is about -160 DEG C to -165 DEG C.
Fig. 5 shows the structural representation according to an embodiment of the invention for being used to produce the system 70 of liquefied natural gas
Figure.System 70 includes heat exchanger 103, provides module 202 and cooling cycle system 300.Cooling cycle system 300 is in reference
It is described in detail, is will not be repeated here in Fig. 1-embodiment illustrated in fig. 3.
Heat exchanger 103 is used to carry out direct or indirect heat exchange between the hot-fluid of the heat exchanger and cold flow flowing through.
In some embodiments, heat exchanger 103 may include any part for being used to realize above-mentioned heat exchange, such as heat exchanger fin, pipeline；One
In a little embodiments, heat exchanger 103 includes but is not limited to dividing wall type heat exchanger, such as shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
Heat exchanger 103 receives mixed gas stream 410, and by the heat exchange between low-temperature refrigerant stream 405, to this
Mixed gas stream 410 is cooled down, and obtains cooled mixed gas stream 411.
Module 202 is provided and receives from heat exchanger 103, cooled mixed gas stream 411, and this is cooled
Mixed gas stream 411 is separated into natural gas flow 401 and heavy hydrocarbon stream 412.That is, in the embodiment shown in fig. 5, there is provided module
202 be a separation module, and the separation module may include any for heavy hydrocarbon stream 412 to be separated from mixed gas stream 411
Part.The natural gas flow 401 obtained after separation heavy hydrocarbon stream 412 mainly includes methane, it is also possible to includes a small amount of ethane.At some
In embodiment, the temperature of mixed gas stream 410 is generally in the range of normal temperature, if its temperature range is about 10-30 DEG C, pressure model
Enclose about 4-7Mpa；The temperature range of cooled mixed gas stream 411 is about -40 DEG C to -70 DEG C, and pressure limit is about 4-
7Mpa。
The natural gas flow 401 is provided to heat exchanger 103, and heat exchanger 103 passes through the heat between low-temperature refrigerant stream 405
Exchange, cool down the natural gas flow 401, obtain liquefied natural gas 402.
In certain embodiments, system 70 also includes pretreatment module 400, and it is natural that the pretreatment module 400 receives raw material
Air-flow 414, and the impurity 413 in raw natural gas stream 414 is removed, so as to obtain mixed gas stream 410, and will mix natural
Air-flow 410 is supplied to heat exchanger 103.In certain embodiments, the impurity 413 includes but is not limited in raw natural gas stream 414
Sour gas and the pollutant such as water, helium, nitrogen, iron sulfide, wax and crude oil.In certain embodiments, pretreatment module 400
It may include multiple units, respectively removing different impurity.In certain embodiments, sour gas can pass through such as hydramine
The modes such as method, sulfone amine method are removed；Water and some solid contaminants can be removed by molecular sieve.In certain embodiments,
The temperature of raw natural gas stream 414 is generally in the range of normal temperature, and if its temperature range is about 10-30 DEG C, pressure limit is about 4-
7Mpa。
Fig. 1 and Fig. 6 are referred to, Fig. 6 shows the schematic flow sheet of refrigerating method 50 according to an embodiment of the invention.
The refrigerating method 50 comprises the steps 501, step 502 and step 503.
In step 501, by the supersonic speed separator 302 being at least partially disposed in heat exchanger 101, receive and expand quilt
The cold-producing medium stream 404 of cooling, to obtain the low-temperature refrigerant stream 405 to freeze in supersonic speed separator 302, and in Supersonic
Compression low-temperature refrigerant stream 405 in fast separator 302, to obtain the cold-producing medium stream 406 being warmed.Due to supersonic speed separator
302 at least part (part flowed through such as low-temperature refrigerant stream 405) is located in heat exchanger 101, therefore the low-temperature refrigerant stream
405 can provide cooling required low temperature as the cold flow of the heat exchanger 101 to flow through the hot-fluid of the heat exchanger 101.
In step 502, by compression module 301, receive and compress the cold-producing medium stream 406 being warmed, to obtain
The cold-producing medium stream 403 compressed, and provide the cold-producing medium stream 403 compressed to heat exchanger 101.
In step 503, by heat exchanger 101, the cold-producing medium stream 403 compressed is carried out with low-temperature refrigerant stream 405
Heat exchange, to obtain cooled cold-producing medium stream 404, and the cooled cold-producing medium stream is provided to supersonic speed separator 302
404, so as to form kind of refrigeration cycle.
Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 7 are referred to, Fig. 7 shows according to an embodiment of the invention for producing liquefied natural gas
Method 60 schematic flow sheet.This method 60 comprises the steps 601, step 602, step 603 and step 604.
In step 601, by providing module 201,202, natural gas flow 401 is provided to heat exchanger 102,103.
In step 602, by the supersonic speed separator 302 being at least partially disposed in heat exchanger 102,103, receive and swollen
Swollen cooled cold-producing medium stream 404, to obtain the low-temperature refrigerant stream 405 to freeze in the supersonic speed separator 302, and
Compression low-temperature refrigerant stream 405 in supersonic speed separator 302, to obtain the cold-producing medium stream 406 being warmed.
In step 603, by compression module 301, the cold-producing medium stream 406 being warmed is received and compressed, is pressed with obtaining
The cold-producing medium stream 403 of contracting, and the cold-producing medium stream 403 compressed is provided to heat exchanger 102,103.
In step 604, by heat exchanger 102,103, by low-temperature refrigerant stream 405 and natural gas flow 401 and pressed
The cold-producing medium stream 403 of contracting carries out heat exchange, to obtain liquefied natural gas 402 and cooled cold-producing medium stream 404, and by the quilt
The cold-producing medium stream 404 of cooling is supplied to supersonic speed separator 302, so as to form kind of refrigeration cycle.
In certain embodiments, 60 further comprising the steps of (not shown) of method：Raw material is received by pretreatment module 400
Natural gas flow 414, the impurity 413 in raw natural gas stream 414 is removed, to obtain mixed gas stream 410；Heat exchanger 102,
103 receive mixed gas stream 410, and cool down mixed gas stream 410 using the heat exchange with low-temperature refrigerant stream 405, with
Obtain cooled mixed gas stream 411；Module 202 is provided and receives cooled mixed gas stream 411, and this is cold
But mixed gas stream 411 is separated into natural gas flow 401 and heavy hydrocarbon stream 412.
Although invention has been described in conjunction with the specific embodiments, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that right
The present invention can be so that many modifications may be made and modification.It is therefore contemplated that claims are intended to be covered in the present invention very
All such modifications and modification in positive spirit and scope.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of refrigeration system, it is characterised in that it includes：
Heat exchanger；And
Cooling cycle system, it includes：
Supersonic speed separator, it is at least partially disposed in the heat exchanger, and the supersonic speed separator is received and expanded cooled
Cold-producing medium stream, to be obtained in the supersonic speed separator to the low-temperature refrigerant stream that freezes, and in the supersonic speed point
From the low-temperature refrigerant stream is compressed in device, to obtain the cold-producing medium stream being warmed；
Compression module, for receiving and compressing the cold-producing medium stream being warmed, to obtain the cold-producing medium stream compressed, and to institute
State heat exchanger and the cold-producing medium stream compressed is provided；
The cold-producing medium stream compressed and the low-temperature refrigerant stream are carried out heat exchange by the heat exchanger, to obtain the quilt
The cold-producing medium stream of cooling, and provide the cooled cold-producing medium stream to the supersonic speed separator.
2. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the supersonic speed separator includes contraction flow region and enlarged portion,
The contraction flow region is at least partially disposed in the heat exchanger；The cooled cold-producing medium stream is swollen in the contraction flow region
Swollen, to obtain the low-temperature refrigerant stream, and the low-temperature refrigerant stream is compressed in the enlarged portion, to obtain the quilt
The cold-producing medium stream of heating.
3. system according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the supersonic speed separator includes being used for gas-liquid separation
Runner, and the runner close.
4. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the compression module include multiple compressor reducers and respectively with
Multiple intercoolers of the multiple compressor reducer coupling.
5. system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the compression module includes at most two compressor reducers.
6. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the cold-producing medium stream includes nitrogen, methane or their group
Close.
7. a kind of system for producing liquefied natural gas, it is characterised in that it includes：
Heat exchanger；
Module is provided, for providing natural gas flow to heat exchanger；And
Cooling cycle system, it includes：
Supersonic speed separator, it is at least partially disposed in the heat exchanger, and the supersonic speed separator is received and expanded cooled
Cold-producing medium stream, to be obtained in the supersonic speed separator to the low-temperature refrigerant stream that freezes, and in the supersonic speed point
From the low-temperature refrigerant stream is compressed in device, to obtain the cold-producing medium stream being warmed；
Compression module, for receiving and compressing the cold-producing medium stream being warmed, to obtain the cold-producing medium stream compressed, and to institute
State heat exchanger and the cold-producing medium stream compressed is provided；
The low-temperature refrigerant stream and the natural gas flow and the cold-producing medium stream compressed are carried out heat by the heat exchanger
Exchange, to obtain liquefied natural gas and the cooled cold-producing medium stream, and the cooled cold-producing medium stream is supplied to
The supersonic speed separator.
8. system according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the heat exchanger receives mixed gas stream, and using with
The heat exchange of the low-temperature refrigerant stream cools down the mixed gas stream, to obtain cooled mixed gas stream；It is described
Module is provided and receives the cooled mixed gas stream, and is the day by the cooled mixed gas flow separation
Right air-flow and heavy hydrocarbon stream.
9. system according to claim 8, it is characterised in that it includes pretreatment module, for receiving raw natural gas
Stream, and removes the impurity in the raw natural gas stream, to obtain the mixed gas stream, and by the mixed gas stream
It is supplied to the heat exchanger.
10. a kind of refrigerating method, it is characterised in that it includes：
By the supersonic speed separator being at least partially disposed in heat exchanger, receive and expand cooled cold-producing medium stream, with institute
The low-temperature refrigerant stream obtained in supersonic speed separator to freeze is stated, and the low temperature is compressed in the supersonic speed separator
Cold-producing medium stream, to obtain the cold-producing medium stream being warmed；
By compression module, receive and compress the cold-producing medium stream being warmed, to obtain the cold-producing medium stream compressed, and to institute
State heat exchanger and the cold-producing medium stream compressed is provided；
By the heat exchanger, the cold-producing medium stream compressed and the low-temperature refrigerant stream are subjected to heat exchange, to obtain
The cooled cold-producing medium stream, and provide the cooled cold-producing medium stream to the supersonic speed separator.
A kind of 11. method for producing liquefied natural gas, it is characterised in that it includes：
By providing module, natural gas flow is provided to heat exchanger；
By the supersonic speed separator being at least partially disposed in the heat exchanger, receive and expand cooled cold-producing medium stream, with
The low-temperature refrigerant stream to freeze is obtained in the supersonic speed separator, and in the supersonic speed separator described in compression
Low-temperature refrigerant stream, to obtain the cold-producing medium stream being warmed；
By compression module, receive and compress the cold-producing medium stream being warmed, to obtain the cold-producing medium stream compressed, and to institute
State heat exchanger and the cold-producing medium stream compressed is provided；
By the heat exchanger, the low-temperature refrigerant stream and the natural gas flow and the refrigerant compressed are flowed into
Row heat exchange, to obtain liquefied natural gas and the cooled cold-producing medium stream, and the cooled cold-producing medium stream is carried
Supply the supersonic speed separator.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610443447.5A CN107525293A (en) | 2016-06-20 | 2016-06-20 | Refrigeration system and method and the system and method for producing liquefied natural gas |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610443447.5A CN107525293A (en) | 2016-06-20 | 2016-06-20 | Refrigeration system and method and the system and method for producing liquefied natural gas |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113701446A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-11-26 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Natural gas liquefaction system with supersonic two-phase expansion refrigeration cycle |
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| RU2156413C1 (en) * | 1999-08-10 | 2000-09-20 | Научно-производственное предприятие "Саров" | Refrigerating plant |
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| CN102268309A (en) * | 2011-07-18 | 2011-12-07 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Full liquefaction process for natural gas by using supersonic speed cyclone separator |
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| RU2156413C1 (en) * | 1999-08-10 | 2000-09-20 | Научно-производственное предприятие "Саров" | Refrigerating plant |
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Application publication date: 20171229 |