CN107522248A - 一种城市生活污水处理厂助滤吸附材料及污水处理工艺 - Google Patents

一种城市生活污水处理厂助滤吸附材料及污水处理工艺 Download PDF

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CN107522248A
CN107522248A CN201710763806.XA CN201710763806A CN107522248A CN 107522248 A CN107522248 A CN 107522248A CN 201710763806 A CN201710763806 A CN 201710763806A CN 107522248 A CN107522248 A CN 107522248A
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sorbing material
city domestic
domestic sewage
sludge
drainage
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赵鹏
王士珩
赵剑强
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Changan University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/008—Sludge treatment by fixation or solidification
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及城市生活污水处理用助滤吸附材料与污水处理工艺。所涉及的材料的制备方法包括：在气化条件下，原料煤与氧气反应生产煤气,所得副产物为城市生活污水处理用助滤吸附材料。所涉及的污水处理工艺包括污水生化处理和生化处理后的过滤，在过滤前添加权利要求1所述城市生活污水处理用助滤吸附材料。本发明的助滤吸附材料由于来源于煤气化工艺，成本低，吸附效果好，以废治废。本发明的污水处理工艺处理后饱和过滤吸附材料与过滤下的污泥直接进入污泥系统，降低污泥水分，增加污泥热值，固定污水中的重金属，减小了污泥重金属离子的释放，便于污泥的农业领域的应用。

Description

一种城市生活污水处理厂助滤吸附材料及污水处理工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及环保领域的污水处理，具体涉及一种城市生活污水处理厂助滤吸附材料及污水处理工艺。
背景技术
城市污水处理是指为改变污水性质，使其对环境水域不产生危害而采取的措施。城市污水处理一般分为三级：一级处理，系应用物理处理法去除污水中不溶解的污染物和寄生虫卵；二级处理，系应用生物处理法将污水中各种复杂理的有机物氧化降解为简单的物质；三级处理，系应用化学沉淀法、生物化学法、物化学法等，去除污水中的磷、氮、难降解的有机物、无机盐等。至于采取哪级处理比较合理，应视对最终排出物的处理要求而定。
一般城市污水主要污染物是易降解有机物，所以绝大多数城市污水处理厂都采用好氧生物处理法。如果污水中废水比重很大，难降解有机物含量高，污水可处理性差，就应考虑增加厌氧处理改善可处理性的可能性，或采用物化法处理。通常城市污水处理以一级处理为预处理，二级处理为主体，三级处理很少使用。一般工厂排出的污水，至少应采取两级处理。由于二级处理排出的污泥有可能造成二次污染，因此，还要进行污泥处理。
城镇污水处理厂，污泥过滤和综合利用是遇到的常见问题，添加助滤吸附材料减少污泥水分，固定重金属，增加热值是传统的方法，由于助滤吸附材料价格较高，实际应用中，生活污水处理厂对重金属不作处理，可溶性重金属有可能进入水体，而污泥中的重金属，往往超过农业用肥料的重金属指标，危害土壤和农作物。
降低可溶性重金属进入处理后的水体中，降低污泥中重金属对于农业生产中应用的限制，是环境科技工作中面临的问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术的缺陷或不足，本发明提供一种城市生活污水处理用助滤吸附材料及污水处理工艺
本发明的城市生活污水处理用助滤吸附材料的制备方法包括：在1000-1400℃、2-7Mpa条件下，原料煤与氧气反应生产煤气,所得副产物为城市生活污水处理用助滤吸附材料；其中：所述原料煤为烟煤、褐煤或者长焰煤，氧气与原料煤的体积质量比为：0.6-0.8m3/kg，气化反应中原料煤的碳转化率为50-90wt％。
一种实施方案中，本发明的气化反应在气流床、流化床或者固定床气化炉中进行。
另一种实施方案中，本发明的城市生活污水处理用助滤吸附材料的比表面积为400-1500m2/kg、粒度为0.3-4.75mm、密度为1.5-2.5g/cm3。
又一实施方案中，本发明的城市生活污水处理用助滤吸附材料的亚甲基蓝吸附量大于3mg/g。
本发明的污水处理工艺包括污水生化处理和生化处理后的过滤，在过滤前添加权利要求1所述城市生活污水处理用助滤吸附材料，助滤吸附材料与污水生化处理后水中污泥质量比例是1：5-30。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：
本发明的助滤吸附材料由于来源于煤气化工艺，成本低，吸附效果好，以废治废，不仅经济效益好，而且社会效益好。
本发明的污水处理工艺处理后饱和过滤吸附材料与过滤下的污泥直接进入污泥系统，降低污泥水分，增加污泥热值，固定污水中的重金属，减小了污泥重金属离子的释放，便于污泥的农业领域的应用。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
该实施例的助滤吸附材料制备方法为：
以挥发分为41％的烟煤为原料，在0.7m3/kg的氧煤比下，在1300℃、6Mpa的条件下反应制得煤气，获得含碳量为70wt％的固体材料，按照污水中污泥重量的5wt％比投入生化处理后水中，通过水中的金重属污染吸附处理，测试该材料对重金属去除率，结果如表1所示：
表1
起始原液 1小时 2小时 3小时
Cr6+含量(mg) 0.0754 0.0073 0.0056 0.0050
吸附率％ 0 81％ 85％ 87％
生化处理后的水中有机污染物，起始COD浓度为152mg/g，按照生化处理后水中污泥重量和材料重量比20:1吸附3小时后，测量剩余COD浓度，并计算吸附率，结果如表2所示。
表2
污泥含水率由82wt％降低到70％。
实施例2：
该实施例的助滤吸附材料制备方法为：
以挥发分为39％的烟煤为原料，在0.8m3/kg的氧煤比下，在1350℃的5Mpa的压力下反应制得煤气，获得含碳量为65wt％的固体材料，按照污泥重量的10wt％的添加到生化处理后的水中，测试该材料对重金属去除率，结果如表3所示：
表3
起始原液 1小时 2小时 3小时
Cr6+含量(mg) 0.03754 0.0029 0.0050 0.0045
吸附率％ 0 83％ 86％ 89％
污水中有机污染物，起始COD浓度为130mg/g，按照污泥和吸附材料重量比10:1吸附3小时后，测量剩余COD浓度，并计算吸附率，结果如表4所示。
表4
污泥含水率由82wt％降低到65％。

Claims (5)

1.一种城市生活污水处理用助滤吸附材料，其特征在于，所述城市生活污水处理用助滤吸附材料的制备方法包括：在1000-1400℃、2-7Mpa条件下，原料煤与氧气反应生产煤气,所得副产物为城市生活污水处理用助滤吸附材料；其中：所述原料煤为烟煤、褐煤或者长焰煤，氧气与原料煤的体积质量比为：0.6-0.8m3/kg，气化反应中原料煤的碳转化率为50-90wt％。
2.权利要求1所述的城市生活污水处理用助滤吸附材料，其特征在于，所述气化反应在气流床、流化床或者固定床气化炉中进行。
3.权利要求1所述的城市生活污水处理用助滤吸附材料，其特征在于，所述城市生活污水处理用助滤吸附材料的比表面积为400-1500m2/kg、粒度为0.3-4.75mm、密度为1.5-2.5g/cm3。
4.权利要求1所述的城市生活污水处理用助滤吸附材料，其特征在于，所述城市生活污水处理用助滤吸附材料的亚甲基蓝吸附量大于3mg/g。
5.一种污水处理工艺，包括污水生化处理和生化处理后的过滤，其特征在于，在过滤前添加权利要求1所述城市生活污水处理用助滤吸附材料，助滤吸附材料与污水生化处理后水中污泥质量比例是1：5-30。
CN201710763806.XA 2017-08-30 2017-08-30 一种城市生活污水处理厂助滤吸附材料及污水处理工艺 Pending CN107522248A (zh)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1075698A (zh) * 1992-02-28 1993-09-01 赵永新 生物活性煤滤料及其应用
CN1587073A (zh) * 2004-08-20 2005-03-02 沈阳戴维环保节能设备有限公司 一种采用焦炭粉对工业废水、污泥综合处理的方法
CN1765777A (zh) * 2005-09-12 2006-05-03 沈阳戴维环保节能设备有限公司 一种过滤吸附处理工业废水、城市污水的方法
CN101786764A (zh) * 2010-01-29 2010-07-28 华南理工大学 一种中水回用处理方法及装置
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CN1587073A (zh) * 2004-08-20 2005-03-02 沈阳戴维环保节能设备有限公司 一种采用焦炭粉对工业废水、污泥综合处理的方法
CN1765777A (zh) * 2005-09-12 2006-05-03 沈阳戴维环保节能设备有限公司 一种过滤吸附处理工业废水、城市污水的方法
CN101786764A (zh) * 2010-01-29 2010-07-28 华南理工大学 一种中水回用处理方法及装置
CN103409168A (zh) * 2013-08-08 2013-11-27 大连理工大学 一种煤气化快速联产活性炭的方法

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