CN107517077A - Space networking double layer minipellet model and the routing optimization method of topology control - Google Patents
Space networking double layer minipellet model and the routing optimization method of topology control Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/18521—Systems of inter linked satellites, i.e. inter satellite service
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/02—Topology update or discovery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/12—Shortest path evaluation
- H04L45/121—Shortest path evaluation by minimising delays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/12—Shortest path evaluation
- H04L45/124—Shortest path evaluation using a combination of metrics
Abstract
The invention belongs to satellite network technical field, discloses a kind of space networking double layer minipellet model and the routing optimization method of topology control, model are：One VTLGN refers to a figure G=(V, E), wherein：V=v | v ∈ (TS ∪ GS) or v are standard capping units }, E=e | e is link LGL or GSL under star }；Routing optimization method includes：Carved at the beginning of each timeslice, each LEO satellite constantly measures corresponding Delay on its output link；Whole topology informations of LEO layers are obtained, form time delay form；In GEO layers, each LEO layer information organized manager's satellite two group manager's onboard switchs adjacent thereto and be each collected into；Shortest path first calculates route for its group membership, and the routing table being calculated is handed down to its group membership's satellite；After LEO satellite receives the routing table that its group manager issues, packet is forwarded according to routing table.The present invention is substantially better than other algorithms in terms of average end-to-end time delay, packet loss.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to satellite network technical field, more particularly to a kind of space networking double layer minipellet model and open up
Flutter the routing optimization method of control.
Background technology
Information Network is the network system for obtaining, transmit and handling spatial information and data and building for magnanimity,
It carries important role in communication, navigation, time service, positioning, monitoring etc..Satellite network is generally as spatial information
The backbone network of network, its network performance affect the overall performance of Information Network to a certain extent.Satellite network is near
The attention of more and more people is attract over year with the service level of its extensive coverage, broadcast-capable and high bandwidth, will
As it is following at any time, bridge of any place to realize global information transmission compared with low-cost and obtain, it is and of future generation
The indispensable important component in internet.According to the height on satellite distance ground, satellite orbit can be divided into stationary orbit
(GEO), middle orbit (MEO) and low orbit (LEO).GEO satellite is located at about 3.6 ten thousand kilometers of terrestrial equator overhead, it with ground
Ball keeps geo-stationary, and larger distance make it that GEO satellite is larger to ground coverage, and a GEO satellite can cover whole
The 40% of individual floor surface, it is only necessary to 3 whole earth surfaces of GEO satellite can Inertial manifolds.But also it is exactly GEO satellite
The distance larger apart from ground causes satellite to produce larger propagation delay when being communicated with ground based terminal.On the contrary, LEO satellite
Nearer apart from ground, coverage is smaller, and its general satellite is located at 500 kilometers to 1500 kilometers of earth surface overhead, according to opening
General Le law learns that the cycle of LEO satellite is shorter.In LEO satellite network, satellite node motion is very fast, and network topology is frequent
Change, ground based terminal needs to carry out satellite-ground link switching with access satellite at intervals.But distance shorter away from ground LEO
So that it has shorter propagation delay with ground based terminal.As can be seen here, LEO constellations are used alone and GEO constellations carry out space
Networking can not all give full play to the advantage of itself.The continuous motion of satellite node prevents traditional routing plan from direct
Apply in satellite network, routing Design solves the incision of the routing issue of satellite network into a problem of satellite network
Point is how to handle network due to time-varying topology caused by joint movements.Although satellite persistent movement, this motion is the cycle
Property, and node in satellite network and link typically have good symmetry.For the superior route of design performance,
Many scholars are analyzed and studied to the topological sum route of satellite network.The dummy node strategy of proposition can be well
The motion of satellite node is handled, thought is that earth surface is divided into several logic regions, it is assumed that logic region is with respect to the earth
Surface is fixed, and each logic region binds the overhead satellite nearest from it, whenever a satellite leaves a logic
During region, continue to take over its position by the satellite (being referred to as inheriting satellite) of next arrival.For the simple of tactical rule
Satellite network topology, dummy node strategy can shield the mobility of satellite, when profit designs route in this way, need to only examine
The logic region being connected on the ground is considered, without considering mobile satellite node.Based on dummy node, further investigated
Switching problem between ground based terminal and satellite, it is proposed that multimode virtual network (MSVN) model and ground based terminal and satellite
The related algorithm of link switching between node, it allows a ground region simultaneously by multiple satellite services.Fully
Route is designed using the network topology feature and source node of SSO (Sun Synchronous Orbit) constellation and the relative position of destination node, it is reduced
The complexity of router-level topology, but do not account for the survivability of LEO satellite node and link.Dummy node strategy can be effective
Ground handles the mobility of satellite node, but both for the LEO satellite constellation of simple rule, and it is existing based on virtual
The route of node is all using pole orbit constellation as model, it is difficult to be extended to general inclination LEO satellite constellation.In addition, multilayer is defended
Satellite causes dummy node strategy can not be completely in multilayer satellite network lower floor's satellite complexity covering relation to StarNet's network at the middle and upper levels
Middle use.Another typical method for handling satellite network time-varying topology problem is virtual topology strategy.By satellite network
The system cycle is divided into several discrete virtual time pieces, and in each less timeslice, the topology of network is considered as
It is changeless, then it can design route according to these discrete timeslices.A kind of routing algorithm for being called dynamic detection
(DDRA), substantially, it is a kind of typical routing algorithm based on virtual topology strategy, is to virtualize route side to the time
The improvement of case.Link is judged by the confirmation that is periodically detected and replys to the number of packet in satellite transmit queue
Whether the emergency situations road of link can in time be perceived and make corresponding adjustment with proper communication.Based on virtual topology
Method solves the problems, such as that multiple satellites can not be fully utilized to time contact window during earth station's downloading data.It is empty
The advantages of intending topology policy is available with satellite network, and there is periodicity to precalculate the timeslice of network and discrete topology
Out, the plenty of time piece but in virtual topology strategy may require substantial amounts of memory space, design route when, it is necessary to
Consider the storage problem of routing iinformation.Satellite packet and the thought of group management are wide in multilayer satellite network network routing Design
General use.Method based on satellite packet, the method for dummy node is applied into the orlop in multitiered network, lower floor can with it is upper
The LEO satellite of layer-management satellite direct communication forms a packet, and it can realize the end-to-end time delay of minimum, consider simultaneously
Link load and the influence of LEO layers satellite failure.But network generates substantial amounts of discrete time piece, substantial amounts when
Between piece higher requirement is proposed to on-board equipment, so as to cause huge storage overhead.Method by merging timeslice
The quantity of timeslice is reduced to a certain extent.In addition, route is designed based on satellite packet, using by LEO satellite constellation
With the double-layer network model of MEO satellite constellation composition so that flow is distributed on two-tier network, solves satellite network flow
The problem of congestion.Unfortunately, all existing common defects of routing algorithm be MEO layers satellite can obtainable LEO layers open up
It is not accurate to flutter information.The thought of satellite packet be whenever the packet for thering is newcomer to add a management satellite, or
When the satellite in a Geju City leaves the packet of current management satellite, then it is assumed that network generates a new timeslice, i.e. net
The change of network topology is to turn to mark to manage the member of satellite change.However, because LEO layers are near polar orbits constellations, in pole
The interim opening and closing behavior of inter-satellite link in area's LEO floor between adjacent orbit can cause the Iterim Change of network topology, because
This these method may can not obtain the real topology of LEO layers.
In summary, the problem of prior art is present be：The method for routing of existing LEO etale topologies, which exists, to be taken largely
Memory space, timeslice substantial amounts, huge storage overhead is caused, the LEO etale topologies information of acquisition is not accurate.
The content of the invention
The problem of existing for prior art, the invention provides a kind of space networking double layer minipellet model and open up
Flutter the routing optimization method of control.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of double layer minipellet model based on space networking, the space networking pair
Layer satellite network model be：One VTLGN refers to a figure G=(V, E), wherein：V=v | v ∈ (TS ∪ GS) or v are standards
Capping unit }, E=e | e is link or LGL or GSL under star }.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of topology control using the space networking double layer minipellet model
The routing optimization method of system, now with a LEO satellite SLEOWith its group manager SGEOInformation interactive process between satellite
To illustrate the major function of two kinds of satellites.The routing optimization method comprises the following steps：
Step 1, carved at the beginning of a timeslice, each LEO satellite constantly measures neighbour on its output link
The corresponding Delay of satellite is occupied, after LEO satellite is collected into the time delay report with adjacent satellite, in each timeslice period Δ t
The group manager that the interior group membership reported this Delay where being sent to it collects；
Step 2, after group manager receives the Delay that its all group memberships report comes, group manager just obtains
Whole topology informations of LEO layers, hereafter, group manager prepares and other groups of manager's switching delay report messages；
Step 3, in GEO layers, each manager's satellite two group manager's onboard switchs adjacent thereto of organizing each are received
Whole time delay report information of the LEO layers collected；
Step 4, it is it that each group manager's satellite, which is collected into after the Delay of the whole network according to shortest path first,
Group membership calculates route, and the routing table being calculated is handed down to its all group membership's satellites；
Step 5, after group membership's satellite receives the routing table that its group manager issues, data are forwarded according to routing table
Bag.
Further, the routing optimization method comprises the following steps：
Carved at the beginning of a timeslice, satellite SLEOMeasure the Delay on its output link；
This Delay is reported to its group manager SGEO, SGEOOther group memberships also to SGEOReport that they are surveyed
The Delay measured, and also in collection, their group membership reports their Delay to other two GEO satellites；
Work as SGEOAfter satellite is collected into the Delay that all group membership's reports come, SGEOSatellite is by by the rail of GEO layers
Inter-satellite link exchanges the Delay being each collected into other two GEO satellites；
After the completion of information exchanges, each GEO satellite obtains the topology information of whole network, and each GEO satellite starts as it
Each group membership calculate routing table, after the completion of calculating, routing table is distributed to corresponding group membership；Work as SGEOBy routing table point
Issue SLEOAfterwards, SLEOData forwarding is carried out according to routing table.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of satellite network using the space networking double layer minipellet model
Network.
Advantages of the present invention and good effect are：When using double layer minipellet model being discrete caused by network topology
Between piece quantity it is considerably less, and caused timeslice is uniform, and relative to other network models, this model is more suitable for
Space networking.In addition, in this model, what the group membership of any one tension management satellite always uniquely determined, any one
The management satellite of group membership is also what is uniquely determined.If the standard capping unit in VTLGN networks is regarded as dummy node plan
Dummy node in slightly, then the mobility of satellite network be thus completely shielded, design route when need to only consider what is fixed on the ground
Standard capping unit, without taking the satellite node of actual motion into account.The present invention has taken into account the excellent of GEO satellite and LEO satellite
Gesture, the double layer minipellet model being made up of LEO satellite constellation and GEO satellite constellation is established, in this model, fully
The characteristics of the characteristics of make use of GEO satellite coverage big and LEO satellite are adapted to real-time Transmission information.One is established to be adapted to
The double layer minipellet model of space networking a, it is proposed that routing algorithm (TCRA) based on topology control.This model uses
The thought of dummy node strategy and satellite packet, dummy node using the area of coverage of each LEO satellites as network.This net
Network considers influence of the polar region to satellite footmark Division so that the management satellite on upper strata can accurately obtain lower floor's satellite
Topology.In order to further solve the topological time-varying sex chromosome mosaicism of satellite network, the present invention is considered by improving dummy node strategy
Influence of the polar region border to satellite packet, so that upper strata satellite can accurately obtain the topology of lower floor's satellite, this will
Brought convenience to multitiered network routing Design.By this method, network topology has obtained larger improvement, and network generates
The uniform timeslice of lesser amt, it can further improve the performance of network route.
The present invention by using this improved dummy node strategy, in network caused timeslice quantity, length and
Other side is all substantially better than other network models.Based on this network topology, GEO satellite is that LEO satellites calculate route, and LEO is defended
Star is responsible for forwarding data.Emulation shows that the route of the network topology based on proposition is in terms of average end-to-end time delay, packet loss
It is substantially better than other algorithms.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the routing optimality of the topology control of networking double layer minipellet model in space provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Method flow diagram.
Fig. 2 is actual double layer minipellet model schematic provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is network node types provided in an embodiment of the present invention and Linktype schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is standard VLSN provided in an embodiment of the present invention explanation schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is coverage schematic diagrames of the GEO provided in an embodiment of the present invention to LEO.
Fig. 6 is covering schematic diagrames of the GEO provided in an embodiment of the present invention to LEO.
Fig. 7 is influence schematic diagram of the polar region provided in an embodiment of the present invention to LEO etale topologies.
Fig. 8 is the processing mode schematic diagram of influence of the polar region provided in an embodiment of the present invention to LEO etale topologies.
Fig. 9 is change schematic diagram of the average end-to-end time delay provided in an embodiment of the present invention with data transfer rates.
Figure 10 is change schematic diagram of the packet loss provided in an embodiment of the present invention with data transfer rates.
Figure 11 is change schematic diagram of the average end-to-end time delay provided in an embodiment of the present invention with LEO satellite crash rate.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to this hair
It is bright to be further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
The application principle of the present invention is explained in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Networking double layer minipellet model in space provided in an embodiment of the present invention is：One VTLGN refers to a figure G=
(V, E), wherein：V=v | v ∈ (TS ∪ GS) or v are standard capping units }, E=e | e is link or LGL or GSL under star }.
As shown in figure 1, the route of the topology control of networking double layer minipellet model in space provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Optimization method comprises the following steps：
S101：Carved at the beginning of each timeslice, each LEO satellite measures accordingly constantly on its output link
Delay, the LEO satellite be collected into adjacent satellite when delay, this time delay is believed in each timeslice period Δ t
Group manager of the breath report to group membership's collection where it；
S102：After group manager receives the Delay that all group membership's reports come, all topology letters of LEO layers are obtained
Breath, a time delay form can be formed, prepared and other groups of manager's switching delay report messages；
S103：In GEO layers, each manager's satellite two group manager's onboard switchs adjacent thereto of organizing each are collected
The LEO layer information arrived；
S104：It is its group membership that each group manager's satellite, which is collected into after the information of the whole network according to shortest path first,
Route is calculated, and the routing table being calculated is handed down to its group membership's satellite；
S105：After LEO satellite receives the routing table that its group manager issues, packet is forwarded according to routing table.
The application principle of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
1st, network model and related definition
1.1 real network models
The double layer minipellet mould being made up of LEO satellite constellation and GEO constellation satellites is as shown in Figure 2.GEO satellite constellations
It is to be formed by 3 GEO satellites overhead under the line that is spacedly distributed, orbit plane overlaps with equatorial plane, 3 GEO satellites point
G1, G2, G3 are not designated as.LEO satellite constellation is obtained by slightly changing IRIDIUM, and IRIDIUM is one typical
LEO satellite constellation；LEO constellations are made up of 72 LEO satellites, and satellite is evenly distributed on 6 polar orbit platforms, each
12 LEO satellites are uniformly distributed on orbit plane, the other parameters of constellation are identical with IRIDIUM.Node and chain in network
Road have it is following several, as shown in Figure 3.
Ground node collection TS=T | T is ground node }.
LEO sets of node LS=L | L is LEO satellite }.
GEO sets of node GS=G | G is GEO satellite }.
Inter satellite link (LGL)：Link between LEO satellite and GEO satellite is referred to as inter satellite link.One LEO satellite can be with
With GEO satellite communication and if only if the LEO satellite in the GEO area of coverage.
Inter-satellite link (IntraplaneISL) in rail：Chain in same orbit plane between two neighboring satellite node
Road.It follows that each track of LEO layers have and the rail of quantity such as satellite in inter-satellite link, and GEO layers only exist 3 rails
Interior inter-satellite link.
Inter-satellite link (InterplaneISL) between rail：Link on adjacent orbit between adjacent satellite.It is noticeable
It is that the satellite motion direction on first track of LEO layers and last track is on the contrary, be not present between rail between satellite
Inter-satellite link.In addition, inter-satellite link between rail is also not present in high latitude area, because the relative angle speed of satellite node motion
Spend larger, the sensing of antenna tracking is unable to meet demand.GEO layers are inter-satellite links between no rail.
Satellite-ground link (GSL)：Link between satellite and ground based terminal.One ground based terminal can lead to a certain satellite
Letter and if only if the ground based terminal is in the minimum angle of elevation coverage of the satellite.
1.2 related definition
Based on double layer minipellet, following concept is defined.
Capping unit：A certain specific at the time of, all collection that can be formed with the ground node of some satellite direct communication
It is collectively referred to as the capping unit of the satellite at this moment.
Covering set：In a certain particular moment, the set of the capping unit composition of all satellites of LEO layers is called LEO layers
Covering set.
Normal place：When claiming geographic first orbit plane of the first meridian and LEO layer coplanar, and on the track
The position that first satellite is located at the LEO layer satellites of the just upper space-time in equator is normal place.
Standard capping unit and standard covering set：Covering collection of the LEO layers in normal place is claimed to be combined into standard covering collection
Close, corresponding capping unit is referred to as standard capping unit.Obviously, at any time, all exist below any one LEO satellite
Only one standard capping unit, but the not necessarily standard capping unit of its own.
Substar:The intersection point that earth center and certain satellite connect straight line and earth sphere is referred to as the substar of satellite.It is aobvious
So, the substar of a LEO satellite belongs to the capping unit of its own.
Link under star：Claim link under star be present between the capping unit of two LEO satellites, if two satellites meet with
One of lower condition：(1) exist between the two LEO satellites between rail where the substar of inter-satellite link and the two LEO satellites
Capping unit is all no to cross over polar region border；(2) inter-satellite link in rail be present between the two LEO satellites.
VLSN nets：One VLSN net refers to figure G (t)=(V, E (t)), and wherein V is the set of capping unit, and E (t) is
The set of link under t star.
Standard VLSN：VLSN nets when LEO layers are in normal place are referred to as standard VLSN, are designated as NVLSN.
Standard VLSN is as shown in figure 4, wherein polar region border latitude is set to 80 degree corresponding to the LEO layers of the present invention.In Fig. 4
In, each vertical line represents a satellite orbit, and the dot on each track represents LEO satellites.Corresponding size is in figure
Angular distance.Using satellite as the center of circle, a standard capping unit is represented with 30 degree of circles for radius of angular distance.In track 1, track 3
With there are two satellites to be located on equator on track 5 respectively, the two satellites are the 1st satellite and the 7th in respective rail respectively
Individual satellite, defended respectively with what the 1st satellite of track 1, track 3 and track 5 was joined directly together on track 2, track 4 and track 6
Star is the 1st satellite in respective rail.
Group membership collects and group manager:At a time, if a LEO satellite is minimum in the satisfaction of some GEO satellite
In the footmark area at the elevation angle, then that standard capping unit below this LEO satellite is referred to as a group membership of the GEO satellite.
Obviously, a GEO satellite has many group memberships.The collection of all group memberships composition of GEO satellite is claimed to be combined into the composition of GEO satellite
Member's collection, the GEO satellite are referred to as its group membership or the group manager of group membership's collection.It is worth noting that, group membership here and group
Concept in the concept and general literature of manager is different.
1.3 virtual network models
Virtual three-layered satellite network system (VTLGN) refer to by ground node, LEO layers standard covering set and
The network system of GEO layers satellite and the link composition between them.It is defined as follows：
VTLGN：One VTLGN refers to a figure G=(V, E), wherein, V=v | v ∈ (TS ∪ GS) or v are that standard is covered
Cap unit }, E=e | e is link or LGL or GSL under star }.
The VTLGN network models that the present invention establishes show other individual layers and multilayer satellite network in many-side not to be had
Some advantages.
2nd, VTLGN topological analysis：
Theorem 1：If G=(V, E) is VTLSG network systems, GSGS V, S ∈ V, and S is a standard capping unit,
Then G group membership's collection all uniquely determines at any time, S group manager be which GEO satellite at any time
It is now uniquely determined.
Prove：It can be seen from the definition of group membership, the essence of group membership is standard capping unit, it is noted that GEO satellite phases
To ground static.It follows that any one GEO satellite G and its any one group membership keep relatively quiet at any time
Only, namely any one standard capping unit S keeps geo-stationary at any time with group management satellite.Therefore, one it is specific
The group manager of standard capping unit be which GEO satellite uniquely determines at any time, a specific GEO
The group membership of satellite is also what is uniquely determined at any time.Card is finished.
The meaning of theorem 1 is that it discloses how to shield satellite network actual physics satellite node using VTLGN
Mobility, if the standard capping unit in VTLGN networks to be regarded as to the dummy node in dummy node strategy, satellite network
The mobility of network is thus completely shielded, and design need to only consider the standard capping unit fixed on the ground when routeing, without taking into account
The satellite node of actual motion.
Theorem 2：If the angle that any one LEO satellite connects straight line with the earth's core respectively with any one GEO satellite is Φ
(half central angle for being referred to as the LEO and the GEO), the then LEO satellite and if only if in the footmark area of GEO satellite Φ≤Φ0,
Wherein Φ0Meet：
Wherein, REFor earth radius, hLEOFor LEO satellite height, hGEOFor GEO satellite height, ε0For LEO to GEO most
The small elevation angle.
Prove：Consider that LEO is located exactly at the boundary position in GEO footmarks area, as shown in Figure 5, it is clear that LEO is now in energy
With the minimum angle of elevation ε of GEO communications0Position, and LEO and the central angle Φ of GEO half reach maximum Φ0, according to sine, have：
Then have：
By the elevation angle ε ε that communicate0 Φ 0, it is known that conclusion is set up.Card is finished.
To make problem simple, when LEO layers satellite is in normal place, allow GEO satellite G1, G2 and G3 respectively positioned at ground
The position of 120 ° of the meridian of ball equator 0,120 ° of east longitude and west longitude, it is ε to the minimum angle of elevation of GEO satellites to take LEO satellite0=
10 °, then in normal place, the LEO satellite in G1 footmark area has S1,01, S1,02, S1,03, S1,12, S1,11, S2,01, S2,02,
S2,12, S2,11, S3,01, S5,07, S6,05, S6,06, S6,07, S6,08.Wherein, Si,jRepresent j-th of satellite on i-th of orbit plane.Class
G2 and G3 the footmark area satellite situation in normal place can seemingly be obtained.By simulation analysis, can obtain and calculated above one
The result of cause, the normal place coverage diagram for emulating to obtain are as shown in Figure 6.
When the satellite or link failure of no failure, understand that VTLGN is modeled as static network by theorem 1, i.e.,
The mobility of satellite node is shielded, thus network design route when in the absence of timeslice concept.However, satellite network
It is operated in extremely complex space environment, in some instances it may even be possible to by other attacks.Therefore, when satellite node failure or link occur
During failure, satellite network should have the ability for being able to maintain that certain performance.The satellite node of failure be present in lower surface analysis network
In the case of topology.
Theorem 3：In VTLGN networks, when there is the LEO satellite node of failure, can accurately reflect network topology when
Between piece maximum quantity it is equal with the quantity of satellite on each orbit plane of LEO layers and the length of timeslice is uniform.
Prove：Due to each GEO satellite and its group membership's geo-stationary, i.e., in the absence of link switching, therefore only need to consider
LEO etale topologies.It is Δ t the time required to the position of next adjacent satellite is moved from current location to remember a LEO satellite, by defending
The dynamic synchronism of luck, there is Δ t=T/m, wherein, T is the orbital period of LEO satellite, and m is the quantity of satellite on a track.
The situation of worst is when the satellite node of a failure is moved to next position, equivalent to next position correspondence
The failure of standard capping unit, now turn to [0, Δ t), [Δ t, 2 Δs by the system cycle T of whole LEO satellite layer is discrete
T) ..., the timeslice of [(m-1) Δ t, m Δ t] this m equal length, in the case of having LEO satellite node failure,
In each timeslice, the topology of network can still be considered as static topological.That is the discrete time piece of this m equal length is
The network topology of whole LEO layers can be reflected.Card is finished.
As previously described, common satellite packet strategy can not accurately describe the topology in LEO layers, such as Fig. 7 institutes
Show, at a time LEO satellite S11With LEO satellite S21Between inter-satellite link between rail be present, it is micro- at one with satellite motion
Small time interval t1Afterwards, satellite S21Move in polar region, now satellite S11With satellite S21Between rail between inter-satellite link no longer
In the presence of.But if in this small time interval t1It is interior, satellite S11With satellite S21All the time in same management satellite
In packet, then now management satellite can not obtain satellite S11With satellite S21Between link situation of change.Satellite removes pole
The situation in area is similar therewith.
VTLGN networks proposed by the present invention can perfection solve the above problems, because LEO layers satellite node is idealized
To be fixed on the standard capping unit of the earth, it is not mobile with satellite and changes.Therefore, as long as some standard capping unit
Influenceed by polar region, then inter-satellite link between rail is not present in it between any standard capping unit.As Fig. 7 Fig. 8 shows, as long as LEO is defended
Star S21Part footmark area enter polar region, be treated as satellite S11With satellite S21Between actual inter-satellite link no longer exist.When
So, the consequence so handled is the decline of inter-satellite link quantity between LEO layer rails, but this shortcoming and satellite network move
State topology causes huge routing cost to compare, as long as and properly increase the latitude value on polar region border, inter-satellite link quantity
Slight drop can't significantly affect the performance of whole network, so this problem is easy to be solved.
3rd, routing algorithm
Two kinds of satellite nodes, i.e. LEO satellite node and GEO satellite node be present in the network that the present invention is built, this two
Difference between kind satellite node is not only in that the difference of its orbit altitude, and role also differs in routing procedure.
LEO satellite mainly calculates the time delay between other LEO satellites adjacent thereto and realizes the transfer of data in routing procedure,
And the function of GEO satellite is to calculate routing table for LEO satellite.Routing procedure is broadly divided into the following steps.
The first step：Carved at the beginning of each timeslice, each LEO satellite constantly measures phase on its output link
The Delay answered, the LEO satellite be collected into adjacent satellite when delay, by this time delay in each timeslice period Δ t
Information reports the group manager to group membership's collection where it.
Different from SGRP algorithms, the present invention is not only to consider the propagation delay on link, also by the queue of link
Time delay takes carry out router-level topology into account.Link propagation time delay can obtain according to the length of inter-satellite link, and queuing delay is near
NL/C is seemingly calculated as, wherein L is the mean size of each packet in link queue, and n is the number of packet in current queue
Amount, C are the link capacity of inter-satellite link between inter-satellite link or rail in LEO layer rails.
Second step：After group manager receives the Delay that all group membership's reports come, in order to obtain the whole of LEO layers
Topology information, a time delay form can be formed, prepared and other groups of manager's switching delay report messages.
3rd step：In GEO layers, each manager's satellite two group manager's onboard switchs adjacent thereto of organizing each are received
The LEO layer information collected.
4th step：It is its composition that each group manager's satellite, which is collected into after the information of the whole network according to shortest path first,
Member calculates route, and the routing table being calculated is handed down to its group membership's satellite.
5th step：After LEO satellite receives the routing table that its group manager issues, packet is forwarded according to routing table.
Grouping strategy different from the past, in VTLGN networks, to the LEO satellite node processing mode of failure not
Together, method for routing above can effectively handle the situation of LEO node failures., can by theorem 1 when no LEO satellites fail
To know, network topology is static, and GEO satellite can calculate route for LEO satellite at any time.When there is some failures
LEO satellite when, according to theorem 3, GEO still can in each timeslice period Δ t to LEO satellite carry out router-level topology
And optimization.
The application effect of the present invention is explained in detail with reference to Performance Evaluation.
1st, Performance Evaluation
1.1st, topology evaluation
VTLGN network models proposed by the present invention are intended to handle satellite network when topological caused by node motion
The problem of denaturation, it is all substantially better than other network topology models in the length and quantity of timeslice.In order to illustrate the network
The superiority of model, the present invention will have been carried out pair about result and classical other individual layer and multilayer satellite network topological models
Than.
Individual layer satellite constellation mainly has including Walker constellations and SSO (Sun Synchronous Orbit) constellation, the distribution of timeslice in Walker constellations
Situation is main relevant with phase factor, and the timeslice distribution situation of SSO (Sun Synchronous Orbit) constellation is only relevant with polar region border latitude value.Table 1
In list several typical individual layer constellations compositions satellite network topology time pieces distribution situation, these numerical value are each
Constellation is within the complete cycle of itself one by calculating or emulating what is obtained.As can be seen from the table, standard VLSN when
Between piece quantity it is minimum and timeslice is uniform, its topology is substantially better than Celestri, Iridium and Telidesic star
Base system.
The contrast of the individual layer satellite network topology performance of table 1
For in general multilayer satellite network, except the change of LEO etale topologies is outside the pale of civilization, link between layers also pair when
Between the distribution of piece have an impact, as previously described, a large amount of uneven timeslices are generated in satellite packet method.Table 2 is total
The distribution situation of topology time piece in several typical multilayer constellations is tied, in order to rationally contrast, when table 2 has all taken identical
Between 24 hours cycles, it is found that VTLGN is especially suitable for satellite network networking, it be not only able to produce the quantity less time
Piece, even and satellite node fail in the case of, it can still ensure caused by timeslice uniformity, this
Design for multilayer satellite network route provides conveniently.
The contrast of the multilayer satellite network topology performance of table 2
1.2nd, route is assessed
The present invention has built the simulated environment of satellite network using network simulator NS2.35 under Linux environment, to this
The routing algorithm that invention proposes has carried out Performance Evaluation.For inter-satellite link, interspace chain between inter-satellite link, rail in all rails
Road and satellite-ground link, link bandwidth are both configured to 25Mbps, and queue length is arranged to the size of 50 packets, set in emulation
The mean size for putting each packet is 1000byte.In order that data flow more conforms to actual conditions, the present invention is in earth table
Face arranges 600 source nodes and 600 destination nodes at random, and is established respectively between source node and destination node at 600 Duis
Data flow is as background traffic, it is assumed that each source node between sending data and not sending data both states alternately,
Pareto distributions are obeyed in distribution, and distribution ratio index distribution is more nearly actual network traffic data statistics.In simulations, if
The average time put the section for sending data and do not send the section distribution of data is 200ms, the shape that Pareto is distributed
Parameter is arranged to 1.2.For the routing algorithm TCRA and the property of DSP, DRA algorithm under the network more of the invention based on VTLGN
Can, the present invention have chosen 6 pairs of source nodes and destination node has carried out the measurement of correlation values, when mainly including average end-to-end
Prolong, packet loss.
Fig. 9 illustrates the average end-to-end time delay of tri- kinds of routing algorithms of DRA, DSP and TCRA with data transmission rate
Situation of change.As can be seen that under different transmission rates, TCR algorithms have smaller average end-to-end time delay, because
DRA algorithms and DSP algorithm between a source node and a destination node routing when be only excellent using the propagation delay in path as path
First measurement；And in TCRA, the data on group membership's LEO informixs that GEO satellite is collected into propagation delay and link
Bag queuing situation.
Figure 10 illustrates the packet loss of network with the variation relation of data transfer rates, as source node data bag is sent
The increase of speed, ascendant trend is all presented in the packet loss of tri- kinds of routing algorithms of DRA, DSP and TCRA, but sends speed when fixed
During rate, TCRA algorithms have lower packet loss than DRA algorithm and DSP algorithm, and its reason and TCR have less end-to-end
Time delay is similar.
In the VTLGN networks that build of the present invention, the problem of can effectively handling LEO satellite node failure.Figure 11 explanations
Average end-to-end time delay fails the situation of change of quantity with LEO layers satellite, once due to LEO in DRA algorithms and DSP algorithm
Satellite fails, and time delay sharply increases, and should not contrast display in figure here.Although as the increase of the LEO satellite of failure, put down
Equal end-to-end time delay is increasing, but data still can be by normal transmission.Because in TCRA algorithms, even in having
In the case of the satellite node of failure, packet can be route according to shortest path all the time.
In satellite network, carrying out space networking using only LEO satellite constellation and GEO constellations can not all give full play to
The exclusive advantage of each constellation, in addition, the cycle movement of satellite node causes the time variation of network topology, and then set
Count high performance route technology and cause difficulty.In order to solve these problems, the present invention is established based on LEO constellations and GEO constellations
A kind of new network model, in this network model, while considers the advantage of LEO satellite and GEO satellite, and by void
It is applied to this model after intending the thought improvement of facility strategy.By the topological theory analysis to the network model, this is illustrated
Network has more advantage than other multilayer satellite network models.Even in the case where satellite node fails, based on this model
Routing Design is carried out, storage overhead can be also greatly reduced and improve other routing performances, so as to illustrate that the model is suitable for sky
Between information network networking.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within refreshing and principle etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of space networking double layer minipellet model, it is characterised in that the space networking double layer minipellet model is：
One VTLGN refers to a figure G=(V, E), wherein：V=v | v ∈ (TS ∪ GS) or v are standard capping units }, E=e | e
It is link or LGL or GSL under star }.
2. the routing optimization method that a kind of topology using networking double layer minipellet model in space described in claim 1 controls,
Characterized in that, the routing optimization method comprises the following steps：
Step 1, carved at the beginning of each timeslice, each LEO satellite on its output link constantly when measuring corresponding
Prolong information, LEO satellite be collected into adjacent satellite when delay, this Delay is reported in each timeslice period Δ t
Group manager to group membership's collection where it；
Step 2, after group manager receives the Delay that all group membership's reports come, whole topology informations of LEO layers are obtained,
Time delay form is formed, is prepared and other groups of manager's switching delay report messages；
Step 3, it is each to organize what manager's satellite two group manager's onboard switchs adjacent thereto were each collected into GEO layers
LEO layer information；
Step 4, each group manager's satellite are collected into after the information of the whole network and calculated according to shortest path first for its group membership
Route, and the routing table being calculated is handed down to its group membership's satellite；
Step 5, after LEO satellite receives the routing table that its group manager issues, packet is forwarded according to routing table.
3. routing optimization method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the routing optimization method comprises the following steps：
Carved at the beginning of a timeslice, satellite SLEOMeasure the Delay on its output link；
This Delay is reported to its group manager SGEO, SGEOOther group memberships also to SGEOReport that they are measured
Delay, and other two GEO satellites also collect their group membership report their Delay；
Work as SGEOAfter satellite is collected into the Delay that all group membership's reports come, SGEOSatellite is by by between star in the rail of GEO layers
Link exchanges the Delay being each collected into other two GEO satellites；
After the completion of information exchanges, each GEO satellite obtains the topology information of whole network, and each GEO satellite starts as the every of it
Individual group membership calculates routing table, and after the completion of calculating, routing table is distributed into corresponding group membership；Work as SGEORouting table is distributed to
SLEOAfterwards, SLEOData forwarding is carried out according to routing table.
A kind of 4. satellite network using networking double layer minipellet model in space described in claim 1.
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