CN107516900B - Harmonic extraction method and device based on magnetic unbalance principle - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a harmonic extraction method and a device based on a magnetic unbalance principle, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the system voltage of an alternating current power grid flows back to the system through a capacitor C1 and a first transformer on one path, the other path flows back to the system through a capacitor C2, an inductor L1 and a first transformer, a series circuit formed by the C1, the C2 and the L1 has the same equivalent capacitance capacity under fundamental wave voltage, fundamental wave magnetic fluxes generated by the two paths are mutually offset, harmonic wave magnetic fluxes are induced to the secondary side of the first transformer and are rectified into direct current voltage through a unit power factor rectifier connected with the secondary side, not only can harmonic waves of specific times be filtered, but also harmonic wave electric energy which is originally consumed on a damping resistor can be extracted and utilized, and active loss of the damping resistor of the fundamental wave is avoided in the application process.
Description
Technical Field
The field of research of electric power systems, in particular to a harmonic extraction method and device based on a magnetic unbalance principle.
Background
Due to the wide application of power electronic technology, the number and capacity of rectifier loads in a power grid are greatly increased, particularly the load of a diode uncontrollable rectifier capacitor smoothing circuit topology is greatly increased, so that the voltage source type harmonic source proportion is increased day by day, the voltage source type harmonic source is suitable for being solved by adopting filter equipment with a series structure, however, the structure of the existing power grid load generally does not allow a filter device to be connected between the harmonic load with extremely large number and a power distribution network in series. The current active or passive LC filter that mainly adopts the parallel connection type to solve, there is the wave filter overload risk in this method, must set up the resistance at the filtering branch road at the in-process of using and come the damping, just can guarantee the normal operating of wave filter, and this has caused the fundamental wave electric current to consume on damping resistance and generate heat, still makes harmonic power all consume on damping resistance while in vain, has wasted a large amount of active electric energy that can utilize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a harmonic extraction method and device based on a magnetic unbalance principle, which can not only filter harmonic of specific times, but also extract and utilize harmonic electric energy which is originally consumed on a damping resistor, and avoid active loss of the damping resistor of fundamental waves in an application process.
In order to achieve the above object, an aspect of the present application provides a harmonic extraction method based on a magnetic imbalance principle, the method including:
the system voltage output end of an alternating current power grid is connected with the positive electrodes of capacitors C1 and C2, the negative electrode of a capacitor C1 is connected with one end of a primary winding of a first transformer, the negative electrode of a capacitor C2 is connected with the other end of the primary winding of the first transformer after being connected with an inductor L1 in series, the system voltage input end of the alternating current power grid is connected with the middle part of the primary winding of the first transformer, and the secondary winding of the first transformer is connected with a unit power factor rectifier; one path of system voltage of an alternating current power grid flows back to the system through a capacitor C1 and a first transformer, the other path of system voltage flows back to the system through a capacitor C2, an inductor L1 and a first transformer, a series circuit formed by the C1, the C2 and the L1 has the same equivalent capacitance capacity under fundamental voltage, fundamental wave magnetic fluxes generated by the two paths are mutually counteracted, so that 50Hz alternating current voltage is not generated on the secondary side of the transformer, namely, the system operation does not influence the power frequency voltage operation, when the harmonic voltage exists on the circuit, the capacitor C1 and the inductor L generate resonance, the current flowing through the transformer is much larger than the current flowing through the C2, the magnetic fluxes formed by the two currents on the primary side of the transformer cannot cancel each other, and then an induced voltage is formed on the secondary side of the transformer, the harmonic waves are converted into alternating current voltage or direct current voltage for load use through a conversion circuit (a rectification circuit and an inverter circuit) on the secondary side, and therefore extraction of harmonic wave energy is achieved.
The inductor L1 is a nonlinear device. When the harmonic current flowing through the filter is larger than a set value, the inductor is saturated, and the reactance value is reduced to enable the filtering frequency to deviate from the resonance frequency, so that the harmonic current is automatically reduced, the overload damage of the device is avoided, and the problem of filter overload caused by a harmonic voltage source is solved. The circuit structure skillfully extracts harmonic electric energy and simultaneously avoids the loss of fundamental wave reactive components as much as possible, the whole machine is composed of non-energy-consumption inductance and capacitance elements, a resistance element is not used, and obviously the active loss can be reduced to a very small range. The filter branches of L1 and L can be connected in parallel with multiple groups, and can also adopt double-tuned filters, and the principle is the same.
The conversion circuit comprises a direct current conversion circuit and an alternating current conversion circuit (selected according to load requirements). The direct current conversion circuit comprises diodes D1-D4, a filter capacitor E1, a switching device MOSFET tube M1, a diode D5 and a filter capacitor E2 in a rectifying circuit. The connection mode of the whole circuit is as follows: the negative end of a diode D1 is connected with the positive end of a diode D2 and is connected with one end of a harmonic power supply AC, the negative end of a diode D3 is connected with the positive end of a diode D4 and is connected with the other end of the harmonic power supply AC, the positive end of a diode D1 is connected with the positive end of a diode D3, the negative end of the diode D2 is connected with the negative end of a diode D4, the positive and negative ends of a filter capacitor E1 are connected between the positive end of a diode D3 and the negative end of the diode D4, the D end of a MOSFET tube M1 is connected with the positive end of a diode D3, the two ends of an inductor L1 are connected between the S end of a MOSFET tube M1 and the negative end of a diode D4, the positive end of a diode D5 is connected with the S end of a MOSFET tube M1, the positive end of the filter capacitor E2 is connected with the negative end of a diode D5, the negative end of an E2 is connected with the negative.
Wherein, the amplitude calculation formula of the direct current voltage is as follows:
wherein, U0For output voltage, D is the duty cycle of the control signal, UinIs an input voltage
The alternating current conversion circuit in the conversion circuit comprises diodes D6-D8 and a filter capacitor E3 in a rectifying circuit, the inverter circuit is composed of MOSFET tubes M2-M5, an inductor L2 and a capacitor E4 form a resonant circuit, and power is supplied to a load through a first transformer. The connection mode of the whole circuit is as follows: a negative terminal of a diode D6 is connected to a positive terminal of the diode D7 and to one terminal of the harmonic power source AC, a negative terminal of a diode D8 is connected to a positive terminal of the diode D9 and to the other terminal of the harmonic power source AC, a positive terminal of a diode D6 is connected to a positive terminal of the diode D8, a negative terminal of a diode D7 is connected to a negative terminal of the diode D9, positive and negative terminals of a filter capacitor E3 are connected between a positive terminal of the diode D8 and a negative terminal of the diode D9, a D terminal of a MOSFET M2 is connected to a positive terminal of a filter capacitor E3, an S terminal of a MOSFET M2 is connected to a D terminal of a MOSFET M3, an S terminal of a MOSFET M3 is connected to a negative terminal of a filter capacitor E53, a D terminal of a MOSFET M4 is connected to a positive terminal of a filter capacitor E3, an S terminal of a MOSFET M4 is connected to a D terminal of a MOSFET M5, an S terminal of a MOSFET M5 is connected to a negative terminal of the filter capacitor E72, and a first terminal of a resonant capacitor L8472, and a resonant capacitor L5 is connected to one terminal of the resonant transformer 5, the other end of the second transformer is connected with the D end of the MOSFET M5, and the two ends of the load are connected with the two ends of the secondary winding of the second transformer.
On the other hand, the application also provides a harmonic extraction device based on the magnetic unbalance principle, the device comprises:
the circuit comprises a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, an inductor L1, a first transformer and a unit power factor rectifier; the system voltage output end of the alternating current power grid is connected with the positive electrodes of capacitors C1 and C2, the negative electrode of a capacitor C1 is connected with one end of a primary winding of a first transformer, the negative electrode of a capacitor C2 is connected with the other end of the primary winding of the first transformer after being connected with an inductor L1 in series, the system voltage input end of the alternating current power grid is connected with the middle part of the primary winding of the first transformer, and the secondary winding of the first transformer is connected with a unit power factor rectifier; one path of system voltage of an alternating current power grid flows back to the system through a capacitor C1 and a first transformer, the other path of system voltage flows back to the system through a capacitor C2, an inductor L1 and a first transformer, a series circuit formed by the C1, the C2 and the L1 has the same equivalent capacitance capacity under fundamental voltage, fundamental wave magnetic fluxes generated by the two paths are mutually counteracted, so that 50Hz alternating current voltage is not generated on the secondary side of the transformer, namely, the system operation does not influence the power frequency voltage operation, when the harmonic voltage exists on the circuit, the capacitor C1 and the inductor L generate resonance, the current flowing through the transformer is much larger than the current flowing through the C2, the magnetic fluxes formed by the two currents on the primary side of the transformer cannot cancel each other, and then an induced voltage is formed on the secondary side of the transformer, the harmonic waves can be converted into alternating current voltage or direct current voltage for load use through a conversion circuit (a rectification circuit and an inverter circuit) on the secondary side, and therefore extraction of harmonic wave energy is achieved.
One or more technical solutions provided by the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
the method and the device can filter specific times of harmonic waves and extract and utilize harmonic wave electric energy which is consumed on a damping resistor originally, meanwhile, the device and the method are equivalent to a capacitor for 50Hz fundamental wave, and provide reactive power for the system while filtering the harmonic wave, a new technology for regenerating and utilizing the harmonic wave electric energy is developed, in addition, the device and the method avoid the damping resistance active loss of the fundamental wave in the application process, namely the problems of large loss and uneconomic loss of a harmonic wave voltage source for filtering are solved, and today the energy-saving and emission-reducing situation is severe, the technical scheme has better social benefits and economic values.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention;
FIG. 1a is a schematic circuit diagram of an exemplary harmonic extraction apparatus based on the magnetic imbalance principle of the present application;
FIG. 1b is a schematic circuit diagram of an exemplary harmonic extraction apparatus based on the magnetic imbalance principle of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a simulation model of a harmonic energy extraction device in the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the boost-buck circuit of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an ac conversion circuit according to the present application.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a harmonic extraction method and device based on a magnetic unbalance principle, which can not only filter harmonic of specific times, but also extract and utilize harmonic electric energy which is originally consumed on a damping resistor, and avoid active loss of the damping resistor of fundamental waves in an application process.
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflicting with each other.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and thus the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
A typical circuit structure (one phase) is shown in fig. 1a-b, which is a derivative scheme based on a passive LC filtering technology, system voltage of an alternating current network flows back to a system through reactive compensation capacitors C1/C2 and L, and a primary winding of a transformer T, a series loop formed by C1, C2 and L has the same equivalent capacitance capacity under fundamental voltage, a same-name end of the primary winding of the transformer T is connected with two capacitance branches, the ampere-turns of the two windings are the same, except that a resonant inductor L is also connected in series in the C1 branch, and L and C1 are in series resonance at a specific harmonic frequency, so that current flowing through the primary winding of the transformer T is divided into two groups, one group is reactive current containing harmonic (C1 branch), the other group is reactive current containing no harmonic (C2 branch), because the fundamental reactive currents of the two capacitors are the same, the ampere-turns of the two primary windings are the same, so that the generated fundamental wave magnetic fluxes are the same and can not be counteracted, the generated fundamental wave magnetic fluxes are induced to the secondary side of the transformer T, and the harmonic voltage is converted into direct current voltage and alternating current voltage for load use through a conversion circuit on the secondary side, so that the extraction and conversion of harmonic electric energy are completed.
The inductor L adopted in the project is a nonlinear device, when the flowing harmonic current is larger than a set value, the inductor is saturated, the reactance value is reduced, the filtering frequency deviates from the resonance frequency, the harmonic current is automatically reduced, the overload damage of the device is avoided, and the problem of filter overload caused by a harmonic voltage source is solved. The circuit structure skillfully extracts harmonic electric energy and simultaneously avoids the loss of fundamental wave reactive components as much as possible, the whole machine is composed of non-energy-consumption inductance and capacitance elements, a resistance element is not used, and obviously the active loss can be reduced to a very small range. The filter branches of L1 and L can be connected in parallel with multiple groups, and can also adopt double-tuned filters, and the principle is the same.
Feasibility analysis:
the simple simulation model is shown in fig. 2, the harmonic energy extraction device is connected between 10KV grid phases, each phase has the same structure, the transformation ratio of the transformer is 300/30, the leakage reactance of each winding is the same, the C1/C2 capacitive reactance is basically the same, 5-order harmonics are filtered, the voltage ratio of the harmonic voltage source in the grid is 2% (200V), it can be seen that the device is only equivalent to a 1.8MVar reactive compensation capacitor for the system (and the size of C, L can be adjusted under the condition of reactive power demand, the compensation capacity is changed), the impedance for the harmonics depends on the size of the secondary side direct current load (specifically how to utilize the device for consideration in the next step), the fundamental wave loss is basically ignored, it can be seen that the filtering effect is prominent, and no adverse effect is brought to the.
Designing a direct current circuit:
in order to supply the harmonic energy to the dc load, the converter circuit is designed, and the BOOST-BUCK circuit is used to adjust the dc voltage in the design process, and the whole dc converter circuit is shown in fig. 3.
The working principle is as follows: firstly, rectifying an alternating current voltage into a direct current by using a rectifying circuit composed of D1-D4 and E1, and then forming a corresponding direct current voltage at a load end by controlling the on and off of a MOSFET tube by using a boost-buck circuit composed of the MOSFET tube M1, an inductor L1, a fast recovery diode D5 and a capacitor E2, wherein the amplitude calculation formula of the direct current voltage is as follows:
designing an alternating current output circuit:
in order to supply harmonic energy to an ac load, a converter circuit is designed, and an SPWM inverter circuit is used to convert a dc voltage to an ac voltage in the design process, and the whole converter circuit is shown in fig. 4.
The working principle is as follows: the alternating current load is characterized in that an alternating current voltage is rectified into a direct current by a rectifying circuit composed of D6-D7 and E3, then the direct current voltage is converted into the alternating current voltage by an inverter circuit composed of MOSFET tubes M2-M5 through SPWM control, the alternating current voltage is resonated by inductors L2 and E4, and the alternating current voltage is converted into a corresponding alternating current voltage through a second transformer to form a subsequent alternating current load.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. A harmonic extraction method based on a magnetic unbalance principle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the system voltage output end of an alternating current power grid is connected with the positive electrodes of capacitors C1 and C2, the negative electrode of a capacitor C2 is connected with one end of a primary winding of a first transformer, the negative electrode of a capacitor C1 is connected with the other end of the primary winding of the first transformer after being connected with an inductor L1 in series, the system voltage input end of the alternating current power grid is connected with the middle part of the primary winding of the first transformer, and the secondary winding of the first transformer is connected with a unit power factor rectifier; one path of system voltage of the alternating current power grid flows back to the system through a capacitor C2 and a first transformer, the other path of system voltage flows back to the system through a capacitor C1, an inductor L1 and a first transformer, and a series loop formed by the C1, the C2 and the L1 has the same equivalent capacitance capacity under fundamental voltage; when harmonic voltage exists on the line, the harmonic is converted into alternating current voltage or direct current voltage for load use through a conversion circuit on the secondary side of the first transformer.
2. The harmonic extraction method based on the magnetic imbalance principle of claim 1, wherein the inductor L1 is a nonlinear device.
3. The magnetic imbalance principle-based harmonic extraction method according to claim 1, wherein the conversion circuit includes a direct current conversion circuit and an alternating current conversion circuit, the direct current conversion circuit including: diodes D1-D4, a filter capacitor E1, a switching device MOSFET tube M1, a diode D5 and a filter capacitor E2; the negative end of a diode D1 is connected with the positive end of a diode D2 and is connected with one end of a harmonic power supply AC, the negative end of a diode D3 is connected with the positive end of a diode D4 and is connected with the other end of the harmonic power supply AC, the positive end of a diode D1 is connected with the positive end of a diode D3, the negative end of a diode D2 is connected with the negative end of a diode D4, the positive and negative ends of a filter capacitor E1 are connected between the positive end of a diode D3 and the negative end of a diode D4, the D end of a MOSFET tube M1 is connected with the positive end of a diode D3, the two ends of an inductor L1 are connected between the S end of a MOSFET tube M1 and the negative end of a diode D4, the diode D5 is connected with the S end of a positive end of a MOSFET tube M1, the positive end of the filter capacitor E2 is connected with the negative end of a diode D5, the negative end of an E2 is connected with the negative end of.
4. The harmonic extraction method based on the magnetic imbalance principle of claim 3, wherein the amplitude of the direct current voltage is calculated by the formula:
wherein, U0For the output voltage, D is the duty cycle of the control pulse, UinIs the input voltage.
5. The harmonic extraction method based on the magnetic unbalance principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ac conversion circuit in the conversion circuit comprises: diodes D6-D8 and a filter capacitor E3, the inverter circuit is composed of MOSFET tubes M2-M5, an inductor L2 and a capacitor E4 are composed of a resonant circuit, the resonant circuit supplies power to the load through a first transformer, wherein the negative terminal of the diode D6 is connected with the positive terminal of the D7 and is connected with one end of the harmonic power supply AC, the negative terminal of the diode D8 is connected with the positive terminal of the D9 and is connected with the other end of the harmonic power supply AC, the positive terminal of the diode D6 is connected with the positive terminal of the D8, the negative terminal of the diode D7 is connected with the negative terminal of the D9, the positive and negative terminals of the filter capacitor E3 are connected between the negative terminal of the diode D3 and the positive terminal of the diode D3, the D terminal of the MOSFET tube M3 is connected with the positive terminal of the filter capacitor E3, the S terminal of the MOSFET tube M3 is connected with the D terminal of the MOSFET tube M3, and the positive terminal of the MOSFET tube M3 is connected with the MOSFET tube M3, the S end of the MOSFET tube M5 is connected with the negative end of the filter capacitor E2, one end of the inductor L2 is connected with the S end of the MOSFET tube M2, the other end of the inductor L2 is connected with one end of the resonant capacitor E4, the other end of the resonant capacitor is connected with one end of the primary winding of the second transformer, the other end of the second transformer is connected with the D end of the MOSFET tube M5, and two ends of the load are connected with two ends of the secondary winding of the second transformer.
6. A harmonic extraction device based on the principle of magnetic imbalance, the device comprising:
the circuit comprises a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, an inductor L1, a first transformer and a conversion circuit; the system voltage output end of the alternating current power grid is connected with the positive electrodes of capacitors C1 and C2, the negative electrode of a capacitor C2 is connected with one end of a primary winding of a first transformer, the negative electrode of a capacitor C1 is connected with an inductor L1 in series and then connected with the other end of the primary winding of the first transformer, the system voltage input end of the alternating current power grid is connected with the middle of the primary winding of the first transformer, and the secondary winding of the first transformer is connected with a conversion circuit; the system voltage of the alternating current power grid flows back to the system through the capacitor C2 and the first transformer on one path, the other path flows back to the system through the capacitor C1, the inductor L1 and the first transformer, a series loop formed by the C1, the C2 and the L1 has the same capacitance with equivalent capacitance under fundamental voltage, and when harmonic voltage exists on a line, the harmonic is converted into alternating current voltage or direct current voltage through a conversion circuit on the secondary side of the first transformer for load use.
7. The harmonic extraction device based on the magnetic imbalance principle of claim 6, wherein the inductor L1 is a nonlinear device.
8. The magnetic imbalance principle-based harmonic extraction device according to claim 6, wherein the conversion circuit includes a direct current conversion circuit and an alternating current conversion circuit; the DC conversion circuit includes: diodes D1-D4, a filter capacitor E1, a switching device MOSFET tube M1, a diode D5 and a filter capacitor E2; the negative end of a diode D1 is connected with the positive end of a diode D2 and is connected with one end of a harmonic power supply AC, the negative end of a diode D3 is connected with the positive end of a diode D4 and is connected with one end of the harmonic power supply AC, the positive end of a diode D1 is connected with the positive end of a diode D3, the negative end of the diode D2 is connected with the negative end of a diode D4, the positive and negative ends of a filter capacitor E1 are connected between the positive end of a diode D3 and the negative end of the diode D4, the D end of a MOSFET tube M1 is connected with the positive end of a diode D3, the two ends of an inductor L1 are connected between the S end of a MOSFET tube M1 and the negative end of a diode D4, the positive end of a diode D5 is connected with the S end of a MOSFET tube M1, the positive end of the filter capacitor E2 is connected with the negative end of a diode D5, the negative end of an E2 is connected with the negative.
9. The magnetic imbalance principle-based harmonic extraction device according to claim 8, wherein the amplitude of the direct-current voltage is calculated by the formula:
wherein, U0For the output voltage, D is the duty cycle of the control signal, UinIs the input voltage.
10. The harmonic extraction device based on the magnetic unbalance principle according to claim 6, wherein the ac conversion circuit in the conversion circuit comprises: diodes D6-D8 and a filter capacitor E3 in the rectifying circuit, the inverter circuit consists of MOSFET tubes M2-M5, an inductor L2 and a capacitor E4 form a resonant circuit, and power is supplied to a load through a first transformer; a negative terminal of a diode D6 is connected to a positive terminal of the diode D7 and to one terminal of the harmonic power source AC, a negative terminal of a diode D8 is connected to a positive terminal of the diode D9 and to the other terminal of the harmonic power source AC, a positive terminal of a diode D6 is connected to a positive terminal of the diode D8, a negative terminal of a diode D7 is connected to a negative terminal of the diode D9, positive and negative terminals of a filter capacitor E3 are connected between a positive terminal of the diode D8 and a negative terminal of the diode D9, a D terminal of a MOSFET M2 is connected to a positive terminal of a filter capacitor E3, an S terminal of a MOSFET M2 is connected to a D terminal of a MOSFET M3, an S terminal of a MOSFET M3 is connected to a negative terminal of a filter capacitor E53, a D terminal of a MOSFET M4 is connected to a positive terminal of a filter capacitor E3, an S terminal of a MOSFET M4 is connected to a D terminal of a MOSFET M5, an S terminal of a MOSFET M5 is connected to a negative terminal of the filter capacitor E72, and a first terminal of a resonant capacitor L8472, and a resonant capacitor L5 is connected to one terminal of the resonant transformer 5, the other end of the second transformer is connected with the D end of the MOSFET M5, and the two ends of the load are connected with the two ends of the secondary winding of the second transformer.
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