CN107506609B - Method for dividing damage level of ecological environment in coal mining in arid-semiarid region - Google Patents
Method for dividing damage level of ecological environment in coal mining in arid-semiarid region Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for dividing the damage level of the ecological environment of coal mining in arid-semiarid regions, which adopts the thickness of a coal seam in a mining region, the hardness degree of a roof rock stratum, the thickness of a waterproof soil layer, the distance between a bottom boundary of a shallow surface water body and a mining coal seam and the like; according to the protective layer thickness determined by the relationship between the shallow surface layer water leakage loss and the shallow surface layer water supply, dividing the ecological environment damage level of coal mining in the arid-semiarid region into an environment disaster type, an environment gradual change deterioration type, an environment gradual change recovery type and an environment invariant (friendly) type; the method is used for dividing the level of ecological environment damage caused by the loss of shallow surface water (important water source for maintaining ecological environment) due to coal mining in northwest (arid-semiarid region), predicting and evaluating the ecological environment damage degree of coal mining, providing basis for realizing optimization of resource recovery rate and ecological environment protection in the arid-semiarid region, and avoiding ecological environment damage or coal resource waste caused by blind mining.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of coal mining, in particular to a method for dividing damage levels of coal mining ecological environments in arid-semiarid regions.
Background
The western China is in arid-semiarid regions, the total quantity of water resources is seriously insufficient, the ecological geological environment is fragile, and the severe restriction and influence are brought to the regional economy and social development. When the regional landform and the stratum conditions are appropriate, the shapeThe finished shallow surface water is a water resource which is very valuable. Updschuma-Sasa-Soujin group (Q) distributed in large area in Maousu desert beach of coal field in northern Shaanxi province3s) The water flows are runoff water formed by sand layer diving, atmospheric rainfall in the loess gully distribution region, ground reservoirs (seas) and the like. In addition, resources of the Jurassic coal field in the western part of China are extremely large in reserves, the quality of coal is good, and the exploitation prospect is wide. Because the eastern area of China is gradually exhausted and the western coal production strategy is continuously accelerated, the western coal yield is gradually increased year by year, and the western coal yield accounts for more than 70% of the total coal yield in China in the future. However, coal mining for more than ten years causes large-scale damage of water resources on the shallow surface layer of the area, gully cutoff, reduction and even drying of water quantity of spring water and lakes, and causes secondary ecological geological disasters such as industrial and agricultural water difficulty, surface drought, vegetation withering and desertification aggravation and the like. Therefore, research on water retention and coal mining in mining areas becomes an important subject for protecting the ecological environment of arid-semiarid regions.
In recent years, a great deal of research work is carried out in the geological world in China aiming at the problem of water-retention coal mining in the Jurassic coal field in the west, the strategies and the methods for water-retention coal mining are discussed, and the core of water-retention coal mining is put forward and is a new view of ecological water level protection. How to deal with the coordination relationship between coal mining and underground water is more reasonable coal mining methods and engineering measures are adopted to realize water-retaining coal mining, namely, the problems about the water-retaining degree, the way of water-retaining coal mining and the like need further research. According to the early-stage exploration result of the mining area, the influence degree of coal mining on the ecological environment is evaluated in advance, namely, the damage grade of the mining area coal mining ecological environment is divided, a foundation can be extracted for the mining area planning, mining mode selection and other work, and the method has important significance for realizing the ecological environment protection mining of the arid-semiarid region.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method for dividing the damage level of the ecological environment of coal mining in an arid-semiarid region, and provides a basis for the ecological environment protection mining in the arid-semiarid region.
In order to realize the aim, the invention provides a method for dividing the destruction level of the ecological environment of coal mining in arid-semiarid regions, which comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out geological exploration on the mining area to obtain the thickness of a coal bed and the hardness degree of a roof rock stratum in the mining area;
(2) calculating the height of the water diversion crack zone according to the thickness of the coal bed and the hardness degree of the top rock stratum;
(3) acquiring the coal seam burial depth, the bedrock thickness and the soil layer thickness of the mining area according to the exploration result of the mining area;
(4) calculating the thickness of the residual soil layer according to the calculated value in the step (2) and the acquired value in the step (3);
(5) and (3) comparing the calculated value in the step (4) with the protective layer thickness determined according to the relationship between the shallow surface water leakage loss and the shallow surface water supply, and dividing the ecological environment damage level of coal mining in the arid-semiarid region into an environment disaster type, an environment gradual change deterioration type, an environment gradual change recovery type and an environment invariant (friendly) type.
Further, in the step (1), the hardness degree of the roof rock stratum is obtained by an indoor rock mechanics experiment method.
Further, in the step (5), determining the thickness of the protective layer according to the relationship between the leakage amount of the shallow surface water and the supply amount of the shallow surface water, specifically: acquiring hydrogeological parameters including a water-resisting layer permeability coefficient, a shallow surface water head and the like in a mining area, and determining the thickness of a protective layer according to the relationship between the shallow surface water leakage loss and the lateral supply increased flow caused by sedimentation to be used as an environment-invariant (friendly) and environment gradual change recovery threshold; the thickness of the protective layer determined according to the relationship between the shallow surface water leakage loss and the shallow surface water supply amount in one hydrological year is used as a threshold value of environment gradual change recovery type and environment gradual change deterioration type; and taking the thickness of the protective layer equal to zero as the threshold of the environment gradual change deterioration type and the environment disaster type.
Further, the environment invariant (friendly) and environment gradual change recovery type threshold, the environment gradual change recovery type and environment gradual change deterioration type threshold are calculated by the following formula:
in the formula: m-protective layer thickness (M);
delta Q-Settlement causes increased flow for lateral replenishment or a hydrologic annual shallow surface water replenishment (m)3/d)；
K is permeability coefficient (m/d) of the water-proof soil layer;
Δ H-osmotic pressure difference (m);
f-penetration area (m)2)；
t-penetration time (d).
Has the advantages that:
compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the influence degree of coal mining on the ecological environment is predicted and evaluated through mining area geological condition exploration, namely, the damage grade division of the ecological environment of the coal mining in the arid-semiarid mining area is carried out, the basic basis is extracted for the mining area planning, the mining mode selection and other work, and the method has important significance in realizing the ecological environment protection mining in the arid-semiarid mining area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method embodying the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the result of grading the destruction level of coal mining ecological environment for a well field in arid-semiarid region according to the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
As shown in figure 1, the invention provides a method for dividing the destruction level of the ecological environment of coal mining in arid-semiarid regions, which comprises the following steps:
(1) and carrying out geological exploration on the mining area to obtain the thickness of the coal bed and the hardness degree of the roof rock stratum in the mining area.
And obtaining geological parameters such as the thickness of a coal seam in a research area, the hardness degree of a roof rock stratum and the like by adopting a method of drilling assisted with geophysical prospecting, wherein the hardness degree of the roof rock stratum is obtained by an indoor rock mechanics experimental method.
(2) And calculating the height of the water diversion fracture zone according to the thickness of the coal bed and the hardness degree of the roof rock stratum.
The method comprises the following steps: according to the thickness of the coal seam and the hardness degree of the roof rock stratum obtained in the step (1), the height of the water-guiding crack zone in the research area can be calculated by adopting a water-guiding crack zone height prediction formula recommended by the regulations of building, water body, railway and main roadway coal pillar setting and coal pressing mining, and the specific table is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 calculation formula of height of water-guiding fractured zone for stratified mining of thick coal seam
Note: sigma M-cumulative thickness mining; the application range of the formula is as follows: the thickness of a single layer is 1-3 m, and the accumulated mining thickness is not more than 15 m; the plus or minus term in the calculation formula is the middle error.
(3) And acquiring the coal seam burial depth, the bedrock thickness and the soil layer thickness of the mining area according to the exploration result of the mining area.
The method is characterized in that parameters such as coal seam burial depth, bedrock thickness and soil layer thickness of the mining area are acquired by a drilling assisted geophysical prospecting method, and the range and density of the acquisition are set according to geological condition conditions of the mining area and actual engineering requirements.
(4) And (3) calculating the thickness of the residual soil layer according to the calculated value in the step (2) and the acquired value in the step (3).
And (3) determining the thickness of the soil layer above the water guiding crack zone by the superposition analysis of the height of the water guiding crack zone of the research area calculated in the step (2) and the coal seam burial depth of the research area and combining the analysis of the thickness of the bedrock and the thickness of the soil layer, namely the thickness of the residual soil layer.
(5) And (3) comparing the calculated value in the step (2) with the thickness of the protective layer determined according to the relationship between the leakage quantity of the shallow surface water and the supply quantity of the shallow surface water, and dividing the damage level of the coal mining ecological environment in the arid-semiarid region into an environment disaster type, an environment gradual change deterioration type, an environment gradual change recovery type and an environment invariant (friendly) type.
The method comprises the following steps: acquiring hydrogeological parameters including a water-resisting layer permeability coefficient, a shallow surface water head and the like in a mining area, and determining the thickness of a protective layer according to the relationship between the shallow surface water leakage loss and the lateral supply increased flow caused by sedimentation to be used as an environment-invariant (friendly) and environment gradual change recovery threshold; the thickness of the protective layer determined according to the relationship between the shallow surface water leakage loss and the shallow surface water supply amount in one hydrological year is used as a threshold value of environment gradual change recovery type and environment gradual change deterioration type; and taking the thickness of the protective layer equal to zero as the threshold of the environment gradual change deterioration type and the environment disaster type. The environment invariant (friendly) and environment gradual change recovery type thresholds, and the environment gradual change recovery type and environment gradual change degradation type thresholds are calculated by the following formulas:
in the formula: m-protective layer thickness (M);
delta Q-Settlement causes increased flow for lateral replenishment or a hydrologic annual shallow surface water replenishment (m)3/d)；
K is permeability coefficient (m/d) of the water-proof soil layer;
Δ H-osmotic pressure difference (m);
f-penetration area (m)2)；
t-penetration time (d).
The specific embodiment is as follows: area of a certain well field is 219.86km2And the coal reserves are 4788.53Mt, and the area where the well field is located belongs to a arid-semiarid region (the annual average precipitation is less than 500 mm). The first coal seam of the well field is 2-2The coal has a coal seam buried depth of 194.5-401.2 m, a coal thickness of 2.70-9.86 m, a bedrock thickness of 158.0-360.0 m, and a water-resisting soil layer thickness of 0-139.50 m. Considering according to a first mining working face, the average thickness of the coal seam is about 4.75m, the burial depth of the coal seam is about 370m, the coal face can be fully mined when being pushed for about 220m, the surface subsidence coefficient is 0.7, the maximum diving depth is about 3.3m through calculation, the permeability coefficient of a shallow aquifer is 3.73m/d, the permeability coefficient of a soil layer is 0.001256m/d, and the increased flow of lateral supply can be 6.9m through the Darcy's law Q-KAJ3H is used as the reference value. According to the water level observation result of the perennial region, the water level difference between the water rich period and the water poor period of the region in the hydrological year is 1.2-1.5 m, the water quantity with the water level change of 0.65m is used as the exploitable amount of well field water resources, and the exploitable water resource amount of a working face is calculated to be 54.5m3The study partition criteria were determined by substituting,/h, into the above formula, as shown in Table 2. According to the partition standard, the ecological environment destruction grade of the coal mining in the research area is divided into gradesAs shown in fig. 2.
TABLE 2 partition criteria
It is noted that the method according to the present invention is used for grading the destruction level of the coal mining ecological environment in arid-semiarid regions, wherein three or less types of four types of species may be included.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for dividing the destruction level of the ecological environment in coal mining in arid-semiarid regions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) carrying out geological exploration on the mining area to obtain the thickness of a coal bed and the hardness degree of a roof rock stratum in the mining area;
(2) calculating the height of the water diversion crack zone according to the thickness of the coal bed and the hardness degree of the top rock stratum;
(3) acquiring the coal seam burial depth, the bedrock thickness and the soil layer thickness of the mining area according to the exploration result of the mining area;
(4) calculating the thickness of the residual soil layer according to the calculated value in the step (2) and the acquired value in the step (3);
(5) comparing the calculated value in the step (4) with the protective layer thickness determined according to the relationship between the shallow surface layer water leakage loss and the shallow surface layer water supply amount, and dividing the ecological environment damage level of coal mining in the arid-semiarid region into an environment disaster type, an environment gradual deterioration type, an environment gradual recovery type and an environment non-change friendly type;
in the step (1), the hardness degree of the roof rock stratum is obtained by an indoor rock mechanics experimental method;
in the step (5), the thickness of the protective layer is determined according to the relationship between the leakage quantity of the shallow surface water and the supply quantity of the shallow surface water, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: acquiring the permeability coefficient of a water-resisting layer and hydrogeological parameters of a water head of a shallow surface layer in a mining area, and determining the thickness of a protective layer according to the relation between the leakage loss of water of the shallow surface layer and the increased flow of lateral supply caused by sedimentation to be used as an environment-invariant friendly threshold and an environment-gradual-change recovery threshold; the thickness of the protective layer determined according to the relationship between the shallow surface water leakage loss and the shallow surface water supply amount in one hydrological year is used as a threshold value of environment gradual change recovery type and environment gradual change deterioration type; the thickness of the protective layer is equal to zero and is used as the threshold value of environment gradual change deterioration type and environment catastrophe type;
the environment-unfriendly and environment-gradually-changed recovery type threshold value and the environment gradually-changed recovery type and environment gradually-changed deterioration type threshold value are calculated by the following formulas:
in the formula: m-protective layer thickness (M);
delta Q-Settlement causes increased flow for lateral replenishment or a hydrologic annual shallow surface water replenishment (m)3/d)；
K is permeability coefficient (m/d) of the water-proof soil layer;
Δ H-osmotic pressure difference (m);
f-penetration area (m)2)；
t-penetration time (d).
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| CN108416686B (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2021-10-19 | 中国矿业大学 | Ecological geological environment type division method based on coal resource development |
| CN113239555B (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2022-09-13 | 贵州正业工程技术投资有限公司 | Method for judging vertical seepage failure mode of composite soil layer |
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