CN107505134A - Cam shaft bearing of engine releases fault diagnosis method and system - Google Patents
Cam shaft bearing of engine releases fault diagnosis method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107505134A CN107505134A CN201710690797.6A CN201710690797A CN107505134A CN 107505134 A CN107505134 A CN 107505134A CN 201710690797 A CN201710690797 A CN 201710690797A CN 107505134 A CN107505134 A CN 107505134A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Cam shaft bearing of engine to release method for diagnosing faults and system, and method includes：Obtain engine inertia parameter and Engine Mounting System parameter；Gather the vibration signal under engine steady operation；Analyze the frequency domain character of the vibration signal；According to the frequency domain character of the engine inertia parameter, Engine Mounting System parameter and vibration signal, the barycenter generalized force of engine is calculated, according to the feature of barycenter generalized force, diagnosis Cam shaft bearing of engine releases failure.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mechanical fault diagnosis and signal processing technology field, is related to a kind of Cam shaft bearing of engine
Release method for diagnosing faults and system.
Background technology
Vibration analysis method is divided by measuring the vibration signal of cylinder cap or cylinder body in engine working process, and to it
Analysis processing extraction fault signature, draws vibration signal characteristics parameter, according to characteristic parameter changing rule so as to diagnosing engine
Failure.
1996, F.Gu and A.D.Ball of Univ Manchester UK etc. showed that diesel engine sprays on the basis of experiment
Shock and high pressure fuel flowing when the vibration of oily device is mainly opened by needle-valve, taken a seat cause, and they pass through at the top of fuel injector
Or adsorption vibration sensor on seat, vibration signal is gathered, using time frequency analysis, Envelope Analysis, above-mentioned parameter is estimated, it is real
The fault diagnosis of fuel system is showed.B.Samimy and G.Rizzoni etc. have studied internal combustion engine knocks using Time-Frequency Analysis Method
The diagnosis of engine knock failure, Choi-Williams distributions are used to reduce cross-interference terms so that the time-frequency distributions under different operating modes
Distinguish more obvious, fault signature is notable.1999, Liu Shiyuan etc. utilized engine cylinder cover and fuel injector, valve rocker seat, spiral shell
The vibration signal of the parts such as bolt, analyzes emphatically the time response and circulative fluctuation of cylinder-head vibration signals, and proposes elimination
Some measures of fluctuation.2002-2003, Jia Jide, Kong Fanrang application engine vibration signal pair of Chinese University of Science and Technology
Engine diagnosis has carried out more in-depth study, and (piston knock is loud, piston for their the Abnormal Noise failures to engine
Pin rings, valve sound, valve lifter sound, crankshaft bearing sound and the connecting-rod bearing ring etc.) mechanism of production analyzed, it is main to use
Time domain method and frequency domain method are analyzed engine surface vibration signal, and the feature for giving engine most common failure signal carries
Take and recognition methods.2006, someone was based on cylinder lid surface vibration acceleration signal using scramble spectrometry and in-cylinder pressure is carried out
Reconstruct, i.e., the vibration acceleration signal and cylinder pressure signal known according to oneself obtain system transter, based on transmitting letter
Number realizes the reconstruct of in-cylinder pressure.Zhao Jiyuan etc. is adopted experimentally, from two sides of the excitation suffered by cylinder cap system and response
Analyzed in face, it is indicated that the most important exciting force of cylinder cap system is air valve drop impact and gas pressure, is responded using cylinder cap high
The change of frequency portion of energy checks exhaust valve principal fault, achieves more satisfied result.2009, Jerzy
Merkisz etc. points out to burn the period on piston movement direction, and the vibration acceleration signal of body is most sensitive to burning excitation,
During generation misfire fault, burning period vibration acceleration signal amplitude is obviously reduced, and is shaken using the body on piston movement direction
Misfire fault detection can be achieved in the amplitude change of dynamic acceleration signal.2012, L.Barelli and E.Barluzzi etc. were directly surveyed
The vibration acceleration signal of cylinder lid surface is tried, utilizes the energy of wavelet transform and Ba Shiwa quantitative analysis acceleration signals point
Cloth diagnoses in-cylinder combustion failure.2013, the amplitude fluctuation of Du Canyi and Ding Kang based on cylinder cap vibration acceleration signal, monitoring hair
Motivation misfire fault, with cylinder cap vibration time-domain signal impact, monitoring valve actuating mechanism valve clearance is excessive and camshaft bearing releases
Failure.
Engine cam is fixed on cylinder cap by bearing, and control inlet and exhaust valve is closed, closed, and has rotating speed height, lubrication feelings
The features such as condition is poor, working environment is severe.Such as easily there is bearing wear, released at the failure in long-play, causes Engine Excitation
Power generation is abnormal, produces impact to cylinder body, is generally analyzed by the vibration response signal of test engine cylinder cap, extraction event
Hinder feature.
But as the method for diagnosing faults based on response signal, by external conditions such as engine structure, environment, temperature
Influence and the installation site of sensor have a great influence, can only be to specific engine, a small number of part and fault type ratio
Relatively effectively, universality is lacked.Although kingdom young tiger in 2013 points out single fault, diagnosis is typically easy to realize, when promoting the use of,
Its precision is not high, generalization ability is not strong and versatility is poor, constrains its application in engineering.In addition, it is thus proposed that, can be with
Valve clearance monitoring and fault diagnosis is carried out using cylinder pressure signal, the yardstick letter decomposed from cylinder pressure signal dyadic wavelet
Include the substantial amounts of status information in valve clearance in number, but the installation in sensor is directly monitored to cylinder pressure
There is certain difficulty, and for some mechanical breakdowns unrelated with burning, failure can not be judged from inner pressure of air cylinder signal
Type and position.
In view of the above-mentioned technological deficiency of prior art, there is an urgent need to develop a kind of new Cam shaft bearing of engine to release
Method for diagnosing faults.
The content of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of Cam shaft bearing of engine to release fault diagnosis
Method, take Motor Mass Centre generalized force high to the susceptibility of failure as monitoring object, this method, by external environment condition and test-strips
The influence of part is smaller, has important theory directive significance and practical value for improving Fault Diagnosis of Engine.
The technical scheme is that：
A kind of Cam shaft bearing of engine releases method for diagnosing faults, including：
Obtain engine inertia parameter and Engine Mounting System parameter；
Gather the vibration signal under engine steady operation；
Analyze the frequency domain character of the vibration signal；
According to the frequency domain character of the engine inertia parameter, Engine Mounting System parameter and vibration signal, hair is calculated
The barycenter generalized force of motivation, according to the feature of barycenter generalized force, diagnosis Cam shaft bearing of engine releases failure.
The Engine Mounting System parameter includes：Each main shaft of coordinate, Engine Mounting System of Engine Mounting System
Dynamic stiffness, the angle of each main shaft and three-dimensional system of coordinate.
The frequency domain character includes：Amplitude, the phase and frequency of each humorous secondary composition.
Specifically, believed using adding the discrete spectrum alignment technique ratiometric correction method of Hanning windows accurately to extract the vibration
Number frequency domain character.
The engine inertia parameter includes：Center-of-mass coordinate, quality, rotary inertia and the product of inertia.
The expression formula of the barycenter generalized force is：
Wherein, M is mass matrix in formula, K*Complex modes matrix, E are transformation matrix of coordinates, and A is acceleration responsive matrix.
Diagnosis principle is：When the signal of the barycenter generalized force is using 2,4,6 humorous secondary frequencies as main component, engine is convex
Wheel bearing does not get loose failure；When 0.5 humorous time or 1 humorous secondary frequencies mutation occurs in the signal of the barycenter generalized force, and it is
During increase mutation, Cam shaft bearing of engine has got loose failure.
Wherein, the vibration signal gathered under engine steady operation includes：Gather engine cylinder-body surface at least three position
The vibration signal of the point above.
The vibration signal includes dynamic respond signal, speed responsive signal or acceleration responsive signal.
Present invention additionally comprises the diagnostic system that a kind of Cam shaft bearing of engine releases failure, including, it is installed on suspension point
Vibration signal sensor, vibration signal acquisition system and computer, wherein vibration signal sensor exists for test engine
Vibration response signal under steady state condition, the vibration signal then is gathered using vibration signal acquisition system, is sent to computer,
Staff utilizes Spectral Analysis Method by computer, extracts each humorous secondary composition of vibration acceleration response signal of suspension system
Amplitude, phase and frequency, the barycenter generalized force of engine is calculated, according to the feature of barycenter generalized force, diagnose engine cam
Bearing releases failure.
It is of the invention to be known based on barycenter generalized force compared with existing Cam shaft bearing of engine releases method for diagnosing faults
Other Cam shaft bearing of engine, which releases method for diagnosing faults, has following advantageous effects：Engine overwhelming majority failure
Directly performance is in terms of the change of Motor Mass Centre generalized force, and the present invention chooses Motor Mass Centre generalized force as monitoring pair
As, it is high to the susceptibility of failure, influenceed by external environment condition and test condition it is smaller, therefore using Motor Mass Centre generalized force as
The monitoring object that Cam shaft bearing of engine releases fault diagnosis has important reason for improving Fault Diagnosis of Engine
By directive significance and practical value.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the method simple process figure of the present invention.
Embodiment：
The invention will be further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
It is noted that described further below is all exemplary, it is intended to provides further instruction to the application.It is unless another
Indicate, all technologies used herein and scientific terminology are with usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the application.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singulative
It is also intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in this manual using term "comprising" and/or " bag
Include " when, it indicates existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or combinations thereof.
The premise for realizing engine operating state monitoring, failure predication and diagnosis is to choose rational monitoring and analysis pair
As, accurately to extract failure symptom in engine operation state signal, therefore monitoring object must have to failure compared with
High sensitiveness, stability, uniqueness and conveniency.When failure produces, the feature of monitoring object can change therewith；
The change of environment and operating mode does not interfere with the change of its feature；Corresponding different failure, monitoring object take on a different character；Prison
Surveying object should also be easy to obtain, and can directly be tested under the operating condition of engine.For engine state monitor, prison
The test and changing features for surveying object should also have the characteristics of real-time.And the direct performance of engine overwhelming majority failure be
In terms of the change of Motor Mass Centre generalized force.Choose Motor Mass Centre generalized force and be used as monitoring object, to the susceptibility of failure height,
Influenceed smaller, therefore released using Motor Mass Centre generalized force as Cam shaft bearing of engine by external environment condition and test condition
The monitoring object of fault diagnosis has important theory directive significance and practical value for improving Fault Diagnosis of Engine.
Motor Mass Centre generalized force has the susceptibility to failure high, is influenceed by external environment condition and test condition smaller etc.
Feature.The change of engine failure barycenter generalized force can intuitively be established with engine failure and contacted, wide using Motor Mass Centre
The fault message that adopted power includes, the clear and definite mapping relations established between analysis characteristics of objects and failure, it is convex can to carry out engine
Wheel bearing releases fault diagnosis.
A kind of Cam shaft bearing of engine based on the identification of barycenter generalized force releases method for diagnosing faults, as shown in figure 1, bag
Include following steps：
(1) the dynamic firm of the coordinate of Engine Mounting System, the inertial parameter of engine and each main shaft of suspension system, is obtained
The angle of degree, each main shaft and each axle of position fixing system；Wherein, the dynamic stiffness of the inertial parameter of engine and each main shaft of suspension system can
There is provided by producer or test measurement, the coordinate of Engine Mounting System measures using three coordinates；The inertia ginseng of engine
Number includes center-of-mass coordinate, quality, rotary inertia and the product of inertia.
(2), the vibration signal under test engine steady state condition；Vibration signal can be dynamic respond, speed responsive or
Acceleration responsive；
(3), using the discrete spectrum alignment technique ratiometric correction method for adding Hanning windows, the vibration for extracting suspension system is believed
Amplitude, the phase and frequency of each humorous secondary composition in number；
(4), Motor Mass Centre generalized force is calculated using the result of step (1) and step (3)：
(5) feature of Motor Mass Centre broad sense force signal, is analyzed, distinguishes that Cam shaft bearing of engine releases failure.
It is by the principle for analyzing Motor Mass Centre broad sense force signal：During fault-free, four cylinder engine only has secondary reciprocating
Motion inertia force is uneven, and for inline four-cylinder engine, it is vibrated based on 2,4,6 humorous times, and remaining order is almost
Zero；If camshaft bearing occur releases failure, vertical bearing is had a great influence, main component occurs turning frequency with camshaft
(bent axle turns 0.5 times of frequency) is the composition of fundamental frequency, and the rank of barycenter generalized force 0.5,1 order significantly increase.
The recognition principle of Motor Mass Centre generalized force is described below：
The vibration equation of engine is：
Wherein
Stiffness matrix：
Damping matrix C form is similar to stiffness matrix K, is not described in detail herein.
Wherein, M is mass matrix in formula, and C is damping matrix, and K is stiffness matrix, and F is the broad sense force vector at origin O, Q
For generalized displacement vector.M is engine quality, Jx、Jy、JzRespectively around geocentric coordinate system Xc、Yc、ZcThe rotary inertia of axle, Jxy、
Jyz、JzxThe respectively product of inertia.
Fourier transformation is taken to formula (1) both sides
Define Complex modes matrix
In formula, K is stiffness matrix, and K'=ω C=2 π fC are loss rigidity.
Complex modes model is
From formula (4), only ten inertial parameters of engine known to need and the dynamic characteristic of suspension, and obtain at barycenter
Acceleration responsiveThe barycenter generalized force at barycenter can be obtained.Due to can not be by (4) formula by certain point on engine
Directly obtainThe acceleration of multiple spot need to be extended, n excitation point, the acceleration under s response point is
In formula
aijThe acceleration of i points response is encouraged for j points.
Vibration equation according to formula (4) then engine is
Wherein, E is transformation matrix of coordinates, and A is acceleration responsive matrix.
Formula (7) is Motor Mass Centre generalized force, that is, the fundamental formular of barycenter generalized force identification.
From formula (7), the only mass matrix of engine and the stiffness matrix of suspension system known to need, while accurately survey
The vibration signal of engine cylinder-body surface more than 3 points (typically directly taking suspension point as measuring point) is obtained, extracts each humorous secondary composition
Amplitude, phase and frequency, you can obtain the barycenter generalized force of corresponding humorous time.Each humorous secondary composition of rigid body surface vibration response
If amplitude, phase and frequency are directly extracted, when non-integer-period sampled, certain error is certainly existed, causes barycenter generalized force to be known
Other precision reduces.Using adding the discrete spectrum alignment technique ratiometric correction method of Hanning windows accurately to extract each humorous secondary composition
Amplitude, phase and frequency, so as to accurately identify the barycenter generalized force of engine.
Present invention also offers the diagnostic system that a kind of Cam shaft bearing of engine releases failure, including, it is installed on suspension
Acceleration transducer, vibration signal acquisition system and the computer of point, wherein acceleration transducer are used for test engine steady
Vibration acceleration response signal under state operating mode, the vibration acceleration signal then is gathered using vibration signal acquisition system, sent out
Computer is given, staff utilizes Spectral Analysis Method by computer, preferably adds the discrete spectrum alignment technique of Hanning windows
Amplitude, the phase and frequency of each humorous secondary composition of vibration acceleration response signal of ratiometric correction method extraction suspension system.Then again
Using processing method described above, the diagnostic result for releasing failure is obtained.
The preferred embodiment of the application is the foregoing is only, is not limited to the application, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the application can have various modifications and variations.It is all within spirit herein and principle, made any repair
Change, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should be included within the protection domain of the application.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Cam shaft bearing of engine releases method for diagnosing faults, it is characterised in that including：
Obtain engine inertia parameter and Engine Mounting System parameter；
Gather the vibration signal under engine steady operation；
Analyze the frequency domain character of the vibration signal；
According to the frequency domain character of the engine inertia parameter, Engine Mounting System parameter and vibration signal, engine is calculated
Barycenter generalized force, according to the feature of barycenter generalized force, diagnosis Cam shaft bearing of engine releases failure.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the Engine Mounting System parameter includes：Engine hangs
Put the angle of the dynamic stiffness of each main shaft of coordinate, Engine Mounting System of system, each main shaft and three-dimensional system of coordinate.
3. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the frequency domain character includes：Amplitude, the phase of each humorous secondary composition
Position and frequency.
4. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that using the discrete spectrum alignment technique ratio for adding Hanning windows
The frequency domain character of the vibration signal is accurately extracted in value correction method.
5. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the engine inertia parameter includes：Center-of-mass coordinate, matter
Amount, rotary inertia and the product of inertia.
6. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the expression formula of the barycenter generalized force is：
<mrow>
<mi>F</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>&lsqb;</mo>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<msup>
<mi>&omega;</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo>*</mo>
</msup>
<mo>&rsqb;</mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mi>T</mi>
</msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mi>T</mi>
</msup>
<mi>A</mi>
</mrow>
Wherein, M is mass matrix in formula, K*Complex modes matrix, E are transformation matrix of coordinates, and A is acceleration responsive matrix.
7. according to the method for claim 6, it is characterised in that according to the feature of barycenter generalized force, diagnose engine cam
Axle bearing releases failure use：
When the signal of the barycenter generalized force is using 2,4,6 humorous secondary frequencies as main component, Cam shaft bearing of engine does not occur
Release failure；When the signal appearance 0.5 of the barycenter generalized force is humorous secondary or 1 humorous secondary frequencies mutation, and is mutated for increase, start
Machine camshaft bearing has got loose failure.
8. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the vibration signal bag under the collection engine steady operation
Include：Gather vibration signal more than engine cylinder-body surface at least three location point.
9. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that：The vibration signal includes dynamic respond signal, speed is rung
Induction signal or acceleration responsive signal.
10. a kind of Cam shaft bearing of engine releases the diagnostic system of failure, it is characterised in that including being installed on suspension point
Vibration signal sensor, vibration signal acquisition system and computer, wherein vibration signal sensor are used for test engine steady
Vibration response signal under state operating mode, the vibration signal then is gathered using vibration signal acquisition system, be sent to computer, work
Make personnel and Spectral Analysis Method is utilized by computer, extract the width of each humorous secondary composition of vibration acceleration response signal of suspension system
Value, phase and frequency, the barycenter generalized force of engine is calculated, according to the feature of barycenter generalized force, diagnose engine cam axle
Hold and release failure.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113569340A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-10-29 | 重庆交通大学 | Magnetorheological suspension time-frequency characteristic multi-objective optimization method for whole vehicle vibration suppression |
| CN114565000A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-05-31 | 西安航天动力研究所 | Method and device for determining faults of ball bearing and storage medium |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113569340A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-10-29 | 重庆交通大学 | Magnetorheological suspension time-frequency characteristic multi-objective optimization method for whole vehicle vibration suppression |
| CN113569340B (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2023-09-05 | 重庆交通大学 | Magnetorheological suspension time-frequency characteristic multi-objective optimization method for whole vehicle vibration suppression |
| CN114565000A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-05-31 | 西安航天动力研究所 | Method and device for determining faults of ball bearing and storage medium |
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Application publication date: 20171222 |