CN107502750A - The computational methods of consutrode increasing weight of oxidation in a kind of esr process - Google Patents
The computational methods of consutrode increasing weight of oxidation in a kind of esr process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107502750A CN107502750A CN201710702118.2A CN201710702118A CN107502750A CN 107502750 A CN107502750 A CN 107502750A CN 201710702118 A CN201710702118 A CN 201710702118A CN 107502750 A CN107502750 A CN 107502750A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- oxidation
- weight gain
- consumable electrode
- electrode
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 193
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 191
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000205 computational method Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910000816 inconels 718 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001116 A514 steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 208000021017 Weight Gain Diseases 0.000 description 82
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 39
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)molybdenum Chemical compound [Si]=[Mo]=[Si] YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910021343 molybdenum disilicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 241000277275 Oncorhynchus mykiss Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012887 quadratic function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001757 thermogravimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating And Analyzing Materials By Characteristic Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to a kind of computational methods of consutrode increasing weight of oxidation in metallurgical technology field, more particularly to esr process.According to the measuring of the oxidation weight gain experimental data of alloy and the electrode temperature at scene, depth, speed, consutrode girth, the Oxidative activation energy of alloy and the relational expression of height of the consutrode increasing weight of oxidation and electrode insertion slag bath in theoretical production process are obtained：By calculating consutrode oxidation weight gain, accurate deoxidation system is provided for scene, effectively overcomes the indefinite problem of increasing weight of oxidation of consutrode in esr process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and particularly relates to a method for calculating the oxidation weight gain of a consumable electrode in an electroslag remelting process.
Background
Electroslag Remelting (ESR) is one of the common methods for efficiently producing high-quality steel ingots, and a casting method is used for producing a large amount of joule heat in a slag pool under an electrode and near the corner of the electrode after the consumable electrode is inserted into the slag pool, so that the consumable electrode is heated, melted, and then solidified and crystallized. The equipment of the technology is simple, the technology has the advantages of improving the purity of the alloy, effectively forming, reducing the content of sulfur and phosphorus, removing impurities and the like, and the electroslag remelting method is widely applied to the manufacturing of high-quality alloys for the industries of aerospace, war industry, electronics and the like.
In the whole electroslag remelting process, the consumable electrode is continuously inserted into a slag bath from top to bottom, and the temperature of the slag bath is as high as more than 1600 ℃. Therefore, the closer to the slag surface, the higher the electrode temperature. If the protection of the protective gas is not sufficient, the consumable electrode can be oxidized at high temperature, and the generated oxide can be inserted into the slag bath along with the consumable electrode, so that the oxygen level in the slag bath and the metal molten bath is increased, and the burning loss of alloy elements is easily caused; if the protective atmosphere is sufficient, other complicated oxidation reactions such as selective oxidation occur, and the alloy elements are also burned out. The oxidation time and the oxidation temperature experienced at each position on the electrode are in a constantly changing state, so the oxidation weight gain at each position is also different. Therefore, in the actual electroslag remelting production process, a reasonable deoxidation schedule is difficult to establish, and only the addition of the deoxidizer can be carried out according to the experience of workers, which seriously influences the quality and the working efficiency of the product. Therefore, the method is an accurate method for determining the oxidation weight gain of the consumable electrode in the electroslag remelting process, and further calculating the addition amount of the needed deoxidizer, and has important significance for the actual production of the electroslag remelting.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for calculating the oxidation weight gain of an electrode in an electroslag remelting process. By calculating the oxidation weight gain of the consumable electrode, a reasonable and accurate deoxidation system is provided for the site, and the problem of uncertain oxidation weight gain of the consumable electrode in the electroslag remelting process is effectively solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for calculating the oxidation weight gain of a consumable electrode in an electroslag remelting process, which obtains a relational expression of the oxidation weight gain of the consumable electrode in a theoretical production process and the depth, the speed, the circumference of the consumable electrode, the oxidation activation energy and the height of the alloy inserted into a slag pool of the electrode according to the oxidation weight gain experimental data of the alloy and the experimental measurement of the temperature of the electrode on site:
wherein W represents the oxidation weight gain of the consumable electrode and is given as g, D represents the perimeter of the consumable electrode and is given as m, x represents any height on the consumable electrode and is given as m, wherein x is v × t, v represents the speed of the consumable electrode inserted into a slag bath and is given as m/s, t represents the time for starting heating the electrode after the lower end of the consumable electrode is inserted into the molten bath and is given as s, a represents the depth of the consumable electrode inserted into the slag bath (the depth of the consumable electrode which is not melted after being inserted into the slag bath), and is given as m, delta W represents the oxidation weight gain from a section to x section on the consumable electrode in the vertical direction and is given as g, R is a gas constant, LnK0Is a constant.
Preferably, A is 1820.7, B is 2961.9, and C is 1789.7.
The invention discloses an application method for calculating the oxidation weight gain of a consumable electrode in an electroslag remelting process, which comprises the following steps: (1) firstly, the temperature of the consumable electrode during working is measured, and the relation between the surface temperature and the height of the electrode is calculated (T ═ Ah)2-Bh + C), thus obtaining values of A, B and C, also according to the general formula provided for in the present invention: t-1789.7-2961.9 h +1820.7h2Direct substitution calculation;(2) then, measuring the perimeter and the total length of the field consumable electrode, and accurately adding data into a formula by the speed of inserting the electrode into a molten pool; (3) simulating the field atmosphere condition and the electrode temperature, carrying out an alloy high-temperature oxidation weight gain experiment to obtain an oxidation kinetic curve, and fitting the experimental data to obtain the oxidation activation energy Q and the model constant LnK of the alloy according to the oxidation time T, the oxidation weight gain delta W corresponding to the oxidation time T, the oxidation temperature T and the gas constant Ro(ii) a (4) According to the calculated oxidation weight gain, a deoxidizer is accurately added to remove oxidation products of the oxidation reaction, so that the burning loss of metal elements in a molten pool is reduced, and the quality of products subjected to electroslag remelting is improved.
The oxidation activation energy Q and the model constant LnKoThe method comprises the following steps of (1) preprocessing materials, selecting consumable electrode base materials used for field processing, processing the consumable electrode base materials into n samples with the length of ×, the width of × and the height of × (5-10mm), the height of × (5-10mm) of × (5-10mm), wherein n is an integer larger than or equal to 5, polishing the samples in sequence by using 180-1000 SiC sand paper, cleaning the samples by using acetone, cleaning the samples by using alcohol, baking the samples by using a blowing cylinder, accurately measuring the mass of the alloy samples, wherein the weight unit is accurate to 0.1mg, wrapping the samples by absorbent cotton, placing the samples in a vacuum bag for later use, and (2) performing a high-temperature oxidation test (a conventional high-temperature oxidation test method in the field), wherein the oxidation weight increment test is performed for a constant time under the condition of different temperatures, the samples are taken out after the oxidation time specified in the experiment is reached, the liquid nitrogen cooling is performed, the mass of the oxidized samples is measured, the mass difference is the oxidized weight increment, or the oxidized samples are taken out after the oxidation time specified in the oxidation time is reached, the oxidation time, the mass increment curve of the oxidized samples is measured, the mass of the oxidized alloy, and the alloy, the mass increment is obtained according to the theoretical weight increment curve of the weight of the alloy, the weight increment curve obtained2＝KpT, the scale of the outer layer of the consumable electrode during electroslag remelting is also in accordance with Kofstad theory, where KPThe Arrhenius law is also satisfied:calculating an Arrhenius law, and carrying out logarithm operation on two sides of an equation to obtain a formula:according to this formula proceed with LnKp·tIs a vertical coordinate of the main body of the device,for a numerical fit on the abscissa, the slope of the resulting curve isHas a constant intercept of LnK0A value of (d); or by mixingThe two formulas combine to yield a formula:the oxidation temperature T, the oxidation weight gain Δ W, and the gas constant R (the numerical value and unit are 8.3145J. mol.)-1K-1) And corresponding oxidation time t, taking a plurality of groups of data values to carry out calculation to obtain oxidation activation energy and a model constant N, and enabling the model constants N and K0The values are equal, and the model constant LnK can be obtained by performing power series operation on the model constant No(ii) a The invention only uses the model constant N in the initial derivation process, and the model constant N is too large to be represented and calculated, and then uses LnKoInstead.
The method for calculating the oxidation weight gain of the consumable electrode in the electroslag remelting process needs to accurately provide relevant data such as the total length and the perimeter of the consumable electrode, the speed of the electrode inserted into a molten pool, the oxidation activation energy of corresponding alloy and the like on site; the error range of the total length and the circumference is +/-1 mm, and the error of the speed is +/-1 mm/s.
The method for calculating the oxidation weight gain of the consumable electrode in the electroslag remelting process is suitable for the electroslag remelting smelting process under any atmosphere condition; the consumable electrode material is commonly used in the field. Since the oxidation activation energy under various atmospheric conditions is different, and other parameters are not changed, the oxidation experiment under the corresponding atmospheric conditions is carried out, the oxidation activation energy is obtained, and the relation between the total length and the perimeter of the consumable electrode on site, the electrode insertion speed, the temperature and the height is measured and then is put into a formula.
The invention has remarkable effect.
When the method is adopted to calculate the oxidation weight gain of the consumable electrode of different alloys on site, because the oxidation activation energy of different alloys during oxidation is different and is an important parameter used for the calculation of the method, the oxidation activation energy of the alloy must be firstly input or the oxidation weight gain experiment of the alloy under the condition of simulating the site atmosphere is carried out to obtain the oxidation weight gain, the oxidation temperature and the oxidation time, and then the formula is usedObtaining oxidation activation energy and model constants of the alloy, wherein delta W represents oxidation weight gain of the alloy and is expressed in g, Q represents activation energy of different types of alloys and is expressed in KJ/mol; t is expressed as absolute temperature, K; n is a model constant; r is a gas constant, and the sum of the values is 8.3145 J.mol-1K-1(ii) a t is oxidation time in h; the length and the perimeter of the consumable electrode need to be accurately measured in the field production process; the average movement speed of the self-consuming electrode inserted into the slag bath needs to be accurately measured in the field production process; the invention also needs to measure the surface temperature of the consumable electrode on site by using a thermocouple to obtain a relational expression between the surface temperature and the height of the consumable electrode on site, and the relational expression can also be obtained according to the general formula provided by the invention: t-1789.7-2961.9 h +1820.7h2Direct substitution into computation.
In the invention, the oxidation weight gain of the consumable electrode is an important parameter for determining the deoxidation system in the electroslag remelting process, and the calculation method is suitable for the calculation of the oxidation weight gain of the consumable electrode in all the electroslag remelting processes; the method not only can accurately calculate the oxidation weight gain of the consumable electrode in the whole electroslag remelting process, but also can accurately calculate the oxidation weight gain within a certain time interval, and can be used for measuring the oxidation weight gain at any position on the consumable electrode or within a certain time interval, thereby providing a basis for establishing a reasonable deoxidation system.
The invention is used for the calculation method of the oxidation weight gain of the consumable electrode in the electroslag remelting process, under the condition of summarizing the influence of different temperatures, different atmospheres and different oxidation times on the oxidation weight gain of the consumable electrode, the oxidation activation energy and the model constant of the alloy are determined by measuring the oxidation weight gain curve of the alloy under the simulated field working condition; and then, on the basis of oxidation activation energy, consumable electrode parameters, a temperature field of the consumable electrode measured on site and the like, integrating in a numerical simulation mode to obtain a consumable electrode oxidation weight gain model, and verifying through site practice.
The invention discloses a method for calculating the oxidation weight gain of a consumable electrode in an electroslag remelting process, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) an accurate measurement method for the oxidation weight gain is provided for the electroslag remelting process; (2) the complex physical and chemical reaction process is simplified, the theory is changed into a numerical value, and the oxidation quantity is expressed more accurately and clearly; (3) accurate consumable electrode oxidation weight gain is provided for the site, and the unmeasured quantity is converted into measurable quantity which is accurately measured; (4) the invention can effectively help to establish an accurate deoxidation system on site and help to improve the quality of electroslag remelting products on site.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the position of a consumable electrode and a slag bath according to the present invention; in the figure, a is the depth of the consumable electrode inserted into the slag bath, b is the total length of the consumable electrode, and b-a is the length of the consumable electrode exposed outside the slag bath.
FIG. 2 thermogravimetric analysis curves of 12Cr2Mo1R at different temperatures.
FIG. 3 is a curve fitted to the activation energy of 12Cr2Mo 1R.
Figure 4 Inconel718 superalloy oxidation weight gain curve.
FIG. 512 oxidation weight gain curves for Cr2Mo1R alloys.
Figure 6 a514 steel oxidation weight gain curves.
Fig. 7 WE690PT steel oxidation weight gain curve.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1.
The derivation process of the relation defined by the invention is as follows.
According to the oxidation weight increase experimental data of the alloy and the experimental measurement of the on-site electrode temperature, a relation formula of the oxidation weight increase of the consumable electrode in the theoretical production process, the depth and the speed of the electrode inserted into a slag pool, the circumference of the consumable electrode, the oxidation activation energy and the height of the alloy is obtained:
the schematic position of the consumable electrode and the slag bath in the electroslag remelting process is shown in figure 1.
Because the above formula has double integral and evolution in the double integral, the calculation is relatively complex; to facilitate on-site calculation, the process of removing the integral through calculation is simplified, and is expressed as:
will be provided withAnd when h is equal to x,when the value of h is equal to a,when in useWhen the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,substituting the formula into the formula to obtain a final expansion formula of the relation among the oxidation weight gain of the consumable electrode, the depth and speed of the electrode inserted into the slag bath, the circumference of the consumable electrode, the oxidation activation energy of the alloy and the height in the theoretical production process:
the high-temperature oxidation weight gain model of the consumable electrode and the detailed derivation process of the simplified form are as follows:
one, oxidation activation energy Q of alloy and model constant LnKoAnd (4) determining.
Firstly, the growth rule of the outer layer of the oxide skin of the consumable electrode under the high-temperature condition conforms to the theory of Kofstad:
ΔW2＝Kp·t。
in the formula, KPDenotes the oxidation rate constant of the element in the alloy, in g2/(m4S); Δ W represents the mass increment in g; t represents time in units of s. Wherein, KPThe Arrhenius law is also satisfied:
in the formula, Kp·tRepresents the parabolic oxidation rate constant in g2/(m4S); q represents the activation energy of different alloys and has the unit of KJ/mol; t represents absolute temperature in K; n is a model constant; r is a gas constant, and the sum of the values is 8.3145 J.mol-1K-1。
The Arrhenius law is simplified and calculated, and firstly, logarithm operation is taken from two sides of an equation to obtain:
wherein, KoNumerically equal to the model constant N.
To simplify the above equation, the two sides of the equation are simultaneously raised to the power of e:
1. the steel grade 12Cr2Mo1R is used as an example.
In the experiment, the container steel 12Cr2Mo1R is selected as a test steel type, the sample is processed into a sample of 8mm multiplied by 10mm multiplied by 8mm, and 6 samples are processed in total; sequentially polishing the test sample by using 180 # to 1000 # SiC sand paper, and cleaning by using acetone; and cleaning the sample with alcohol, then baking the sample with a blowing cylinder, and accurately measuring the mass of the alloy sample, wherein the weight unit is accurate to 0.1 mg. Wrapping with absorbent cotton, placing into a vacuum bag for later use, numbering the sample bags, and performing a high-temperature oxidation test; carrying out thermogravimetric analysis on the sample for 2h at the conditions of 600 ℃, 700 ℃, 800 ℃, 900 ℃, 1000 ℃ and 1200 ℃, and measuring the mass weight gain change of the sample before and after oxidation by an electronic balance carried by the instrument; the results are shown in FIG. 2.
The growth rule of the outer layer oxide skin of the alloy under the high-temperature condition conforms to the theory of Kofstad:
ΔW2＝Kp·t。
in the formula, KPDenotes the oxidation rate constant of the element in the alloy, in g2/(m4S); Δ W represents the mass increment in g; t represents time in units of s. Wherein, KPThe Arrhenius law is also satisfied:
in the formula, Kp·tRepresents the parabolic oxidation rate constant in g2/(m4S); q represents the activation energy of different alloys and has the unit of KJ/mol; t represents absolute temperature in K; n is a model constant; r is a gas constant, and the sum of the values is 8.3145 J.mol-1K-1。
Calculating an Arrhenius law, and carrying out logarithm operation on two sides of an equation to obtain:
wherein, KoNumerically equal to the model constant N.
Then, the oxidation weight gain Δ W is obtained according to the results of the thermogravimetric experiment, and then is represented by the formula Δ W2＝KpT calculation of the Oxidation Rate constant Kp·tThe oxidation rate constant is subjected to logarithm operation to obtain LnKp·t. Since the oxidation weight gain Δ W varies with time and temperature, the resulting oxidation rate constant K calculated from the oxidation weight gain Δ Wp·tAs well as variations. Will now LnKp·tAs a vertical coordinate, handleAs abscissa, substituting the calculated data into formulaIn (2), the oxidation activation energy and model constants of the 12Cr2Mo1R steel were obtained by fitting. According to the formula and the curve, the slope of the curve representsThe intercept of the curve represents the model constant LnK0The fit line is shown in fig. 3. Due to KoThe value is equal to the model constant N, so the model constant N can be obtained by performing inverse power series operation, and finally the activation energy of 12Cr2Mo1R is 173.743KJ/mol and the model constant N is 15.274. Thus, the oxidation weight increment Δ W per unit area of an alloy after oxidation at a specific temperature for a period of time can be calculated according to the activation energy value of the alloy.
2. An Inconel718 nickel-base superalloy is used as an example.
Machining Inconel718 nickel-based high-temperature alloy into samples of 7.5mm multiplied by 7.5mm by using a wire cutting machine, and machining 5 samples in total; sequentially polishing the test sample by using 180 # to 1000 # SiC sand paper, and cleaning by using acetone; and cleaning the sample with alcohol, then baking the sample with a blowing cylinder, and accurately measuring the mass of the high-temperature alloy sample, wherein the weight unit is accurate to 0.1 mg. Wrapping with absorbent cotton, placing into a vacuum bag for later use, and numbering the sample bags for a high-temperature oxidation test. The temperature of the molybdenum disilicide furnace is raised to 1150 ℃, the constant temperature treatment is carried out, and the atmosphere in the furnace is controlled to be an air environment (the oxygen content is 21%). And (3) placing the high-temperature alloy sample in a corundum crucible, and placing the corundum crucible in a furnace for 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h and 3h respectively. And after the experiment is finished, taking out the crucible and the sample together, putting the crucible and the sample into a liquid nitrogen bottle for cooling, and weighing the cooled crucible and the sample on an electronic balance with the precision of 0.1mg to obtain the weight gain. And (5) counting data to obtain an oxidation weight gain curve as shown in figure 3.
Also according to the theory that the growth rule of the oxide scale on the outer layer of the alloy is consistent with that of Kofstad under the high temperature condition2＝KpT, again according to the oxidation rate constant K of the alloyPSatisfies the Arrhenius law:will be the formula Δ W2＝KpT and the formulaCombining to obtain the formula:
according to the experimental result of the oxidation weight gain experiment, the oxidation temperature T, the oxidation weight gain delta W and the corresponding oxidation time T of the Inconel718 nickel-based high-temperature alloy are obtained. The oxidation temperature T (1423K), the gas constant R (value and unit are 8.3145J. mol.)-1K-1) Two sets of data are taken from oxidation weight gain delta W and oxidation time t corresponding to the oxidation weight gain delta W and are substituted into a formulaThe oxidation activation energy Q and the model constant N are calculated, and the relational expression is shown in Table 1. For the model constant N, power series operation is performed to obtain a model constant LnKoThe value of (c). Several sets of averages should be taken due to errors. The activation energy of the Inconel718 nickel-based high-temperature alloy is 304.487KJ/mol and the model constant is LnKoIs 16.321.
Table 1 relationship between oxidation activation energy and model constant for Inconel718 nickel-base superalloys.
Two, A, B and C are worth determining.
According to field measurement, when the Inconel718 high-temperature alloy is smelted, the data of the electrode temperature T and the height h are shown in the table 2, and a relation function of the field consumable electrode temperature T and the height h is obtained by integration:
T＝1789.7-2961.9h+1820.7h2。
table 2.Inconel 718 high temperature alloy consumable electrode different heights and corresponding temperature values.
The invention also lists the height and temperature data of 12Cr2Mo1R alloy, A514 steel and WE690PT steel, which are shown in tables 3, 4 and 5. The relation functions of the consumable electrode temperature T and the height h of the smelted 12Cr2Mo1R alloy and A514 steel are respectively as follows: t-1789.8-2961.8 h +1820.5h2、T＝1789.8-2960.9h+1820.6h2、T＝1789.9-2961.2h+1821.6h2。
Table 3.12 Cr2Mo1R alloy consumable electrodes different heights and corresponding temperature values.
Table 4.a514 steel consumable electrode different heights and corresponding temperature values.
Table 5.WE690PT steel consumable electrodes different heights and corresponding temperature values.
Therefore, the temperature values of the consumable electrodes at the same height have small difference, so that the fitted relation functions have small difference and are in a quadratic function form, and the invention provides a general relation between the temperature of any height on the consumable electrode and the temperature corresponding to the position through field measurement, thereby being convenient for rapid application on the field; the relation is as follows:
T＝1789.7-2961.9h+1820.7h2。
t represents the consumable electrode temperature in K; h represents the height of the consumable electrode in m.
Here, T is Ah2The function of the relation between the temperature T and the height h is expressed by a general formula of-Bh + C (A, B and C are variables which need to be changed according to field measurement values, but coefficient values of the functions are slightly different from those of the general formula provided by the invention), and the function is introduced into the general formulaIn (1). Obtaining:
in the electroslag remelting process, the temperature of the electrode is continuously increased along with the continuous insertion of the electrode, but the temperature at a certain height can be considered to be constant, and the temperature of the whole electrode can be considered to be formed by the superposition of a plurality of tiny temperature gradients. Assuming that the temperature change is increased by tiny units in a certain temperature interval, because the oxidation kinetic curve under the constant temperature condition meets the parabolic rule, the oxidation weight gain of the electrode under the variable temperature condition is decomposed into a plurality of tiny units to calculate the sum of the tiny units, and then the oxidation weight gain under the variable temperature condition can be calculated. The oxidation kinetics model at varying temperatures can be expressed as:
wherein,is an oxidation rate constant at different temperatures, and also satisfies the Arrhenius law, tiFor different periods of time, Δ Wi-1To increase the weight before this period. The calculation continues on the above equation:
and calculating the expression by an integral form to obtain an integral expression of the temperature change of the oxidation weight increment of the consumable electrode:
when the consumable electrode is just inserted into the slag bath, the temperature of the whole consumable electrode is relatively low, so the oxidation weight gain is zero at the time point, namely: w0＝0。
And because ofThe resulting oxidative weight gain was:
weight gain due to oxidation of the final consumable electrode: w is D · Δ W. Therefore, in the theoretical production process, the oxidation weight gain of the consumable electrode is related to the depth and speed of the electrode inserted into the slag bath, the circumference of the consumable electrode, the oxidation activation energy and the height of the alloy:
the oxidation weight gain model obtained by the invention is relatively complex in calculation and not beneficial to field application, so that the oxidation weight gain model is continuously simplified, and the order is as follows:bringing in.
The simplified calculation is carried out by using Simpson formula to obtain:
and then ordering:
then:
and then simplifying and calculating by using a Simpson formula to obtain:
will be provided withBringing in, unfolding yields:
the reduction in the oxidation weight gain of the consumable electrode is then expressed as:
will be provided withAnd when h is equal to x,when the value of h is equal to a,when in useWhen the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,substituting the formula into the formula to obtain a final expansion formula of the relation among the oxidation weight gain of the consumable electrode, the depth and speed of the electrode inserted into the slag bath, the circumference of the consumable electrode, the oxidation activation energy of the alloy and the height in the theoretical production process:
the formula is a final oxidation weight gain model, the calculation is simpler than before simplification, complicated calculation processes such as integration and the like are omitted, and in actual production, oxidation activation energy, a temperature and height relation function, the insertion depth of a consumable electrode into a slag bath, oxidation time and the downward insertion speed of the electrode are substituted into the model to calculate the oxidation weight gain.
Example 2.
When the Inconel718 high-temperature alloy is smelted on the site of electroslag remelting, the total length of the consumable electrode entering the slag bath from the outside of the slag bath within 6min is measured to be 1.4724m (the value represents the public value)X) in the formula, the perimeter of the consumable electrode plate blank is measured to be 3.49m, and the average speed of the consumable electrode inserted into the slag bath from top to bottom is measured to be 4.09 × 10-3m/s, and the depth of the consumable electrode inserted into the slag bath is measured to be 0.015 m. In the traditional field production process, 1.5kg of deoxidizer containing 95 percent of aluminum is required to be added into the slag bath every 6min by statistics. The addition mode can cause that Al, Ti, Cr, Mo, Mn, Si and other elements at the tail part of the smelted product are higher than the limit value, and the head part of the smelted product is lower than the lower limit value. Table 6 is an Inconel718 alloy internal control composition table, table 7 is an on-site Inconel718 high-temperature alloy head composition table, and table 8 is an on-site Inconel718 high-temperature alloy tail composition table.
TABLE 6 Inconel718 alloy internal control composition TABLE (wt%).
Table 7. field Inconel718 alloy head composition table (wt%).
Table 8 tail composition table (wt%) for field Inconel718 alloy.
By adding the deoxidizer by a conventional method, the components of the middle position of the smelting product are qualified, but the components of the head and the tail do not reach the standard, and the benefits of smelting enterprises are seriously influenced.
In order to improve the product yield, firstly, under the laboratory condition, an Inconel718 nickel-based high-temperature alloy is processed into samples of 7.5mm multiplied by 7.5mm by a wire cutting machine, and 5 samples are processed in total; sequentially polishing the test sample by using 180 # to 1000 # SiC sand paper, and cleaning by using acetone; and cleaning the sample with alcohol, then baking the sample with a blowing cylinder, and accurately measuring the mass of the high-temperature alloy sample, wherein the weight unit is accurate to 0.1 mg. Wrapping with absorbent cotton, placing into a vacuum bag for later use, and numbering the sample bags for a high-temperature oxidation test.
The temperature of the molybdenum disilicide furnace is raised to 1150 ℃, the constant temperature treatment is carried out, and the atmosphere in the furnace is controlled to be an air environment (the oxygen content is 21%). And (3) placing the high-temperature alloy sample in a corundum crucible, and then placing the corundum crucible in a furnace for 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h and 3h respectively. And after the experiment is finished, taking out the crucible and the sample together, putting the crucible and the sample into a liquid nitrogen bottle for cooling, and weighing the cooled crucible and the sample on an electronic balance with the precision of 0.1mg to obtain the weight gain. And (5) counting data to obtain an oxidation weight gain curve as shown in figure 4.
According to the oxidation weight gain curve, any two groups of oxidation weight gains corresponding to 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h and 3h are substituted into a formulaThe oxidation activation energy of the obtained Inconel718 high-temperature alloy is 304.487KJ/mol and the model constant is LnK016.321, and the height of the consumable electrode on site and the corresponding temperature are measured, and the relation function is obtained: t-1789.7-2961.9 h +1820.7h2The data are shown in Table 2.
To calculate the mass of deoxidizer added, the data, i.e., x-1.4724 m, a-0.015 m, and v-4.09 × 10m were calculated-3m/s; d is 3.49 m; q is 304.487 KJ/mol; because the function of the height and the temperature is T-1789.7-2961.9 h +1820.7h2So in the formula, a is 1820.7, B is 2961.9, and C is 1789.7; LnK0＝16.321，R＝8.3145J·mol-1K-1The method is carried into a final calculation formula of the invention, and the following are obtained through calculation: in the electroslag remelting process, the mass of the deoxidizer added into the slag pool for 6min is 0.858 kg.
And in the smelting process of 6min later, because the data except x are unchanged in the same smelting process, the measured x value is substituted into a formula and is calculated. For example, the mass of the added deoxidizer of the first 6min is 0.858kg, when the mass is 6min later, the total length of the consumable electrode inserted into the slag bath within 12min is obtained by x ═ vt, the rest data are unchanged, the total mass is substituted into the formula to obtain 1.737kg of the deoxidizer added into the slag bath within 12min, and the mass of the deoxidizer of the first 6min is subtracted from the total deoxidizer of 12min, so that the mass of the deoxidizer added into the slag bath within 6min later can be obtained to be 0.879 kg. The mass of the deoxidizer required to be added in the smelting time is calculated according to the steps in sequence.
According to the method, the product percent of pass reaches 98 percent in the field smelting 50 furnaces. Table 9, table 10, table 11 list the compositions of the Inconel718 alloy at the center, head, and tail, respectively, randomly drawn in the field, all of which are acceptable.
Table 9.Inconel 718 alloy middle composition table (wt%).
Table 10.Inconel 718 alloy head composition table (wt%).
Table 11 Inconel718 alloy tail composition table (wt%).
Example 3.
When 12Cr2Mo1R is smelted in the site of electroslag remelting, the average speed of the consumable electrode inserted into the slag bath from top to bottom is measured to be 4.12 × 10-3m/s, measuring the perimeter of the consumable electrode round billet to be 3.52m, and measuring the depth of the consumable electrode inserted into the slag bath to be 0.013 m. In the field production process, the aluminum content needs to be added into the slag pool every 6min by adopting the traditional adding method4Kg of deoxidant with a concentration of 95%. The Mn, Si, Als and other elements at the tail of the smelted product are higher than the limit values, while the head of the smelted product is lower than the lower limit value, the table 12 is a 12Cr2Mo1R alloy internal control composition table, the table 13 is a field 12Cr2Mo1R alloy head composition table, and the table 14 is a field 12Cr2Mo1R alloy tail composition table.
TABLE 12 list of internal control components (wt%) for Cr2Mo 1R.
TABLE 13 on-site 12Cr2Mo1R header Final composition (wt%).
TABLE 14 Final composition (wt%) of 12Cr2Mo1R tail in situ.
In order to improve the product yield, the 12Cr2Mo1R alloy is firstly processed into samples of 7.5mm multiplied by 7.5mm by a wire cutting machine under the laboratory condition, and 5 samples are processed in total; sequentially polishing the test sample by using 180 # to 1000 # SiC sand paper, and cleaning by using acetone; the sample is cleaned by alcohol, then is baked by an air blowing cylinder, and the mass of the 12Cr2Mo1R alloy sample is accurately measured, wherein the weight unit is accurate to 0.1 mg. Wrapping with absorbent cotton, placing into a vacuum bag for later use, and numbering the sample bags for a high-temperature oxidation test.
The temperature of the molybdenum disilicide furnace is raised to 1150 ℃, the constant temperature treatment is carried out, and the atmosphere in the furnace is controlled to be an air environment (the oxygen content is 21%). The 12Cr2Mo1R alloy sample is placed in a corundum crucible and then placed in a furnace for 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h and 3h respectively. And after the experiment is finished, taking out the crucible and the sample together, putting the crucible and the sample into a liquid nitrogen bottle for cooling, and weighing the cooled crucible and the sample on an electronic balance with the precision of 0.1mg to obtain the weight gain. After statistics, an oxidation weight gain curve is obtained as shown in fig. 5.
According to the oxidation weight gain curve, any two groups of oxidation weight gains corresponding to 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h and 3h are introduced into the reactorThe oxidation activation energy of the obtained 12Cr2Mo1R is 173.473
KJ/mol and model constant LnK015.274. And measuring the height of the consumable electrode on site and the corresponding temperature thereof to obtain a relation function: t-1789.8-2961.8 h +1820.5h2The data are shown in Table 3.
The data, i.e., a is 0.015m and v is 4.12 × 10-3m/s; x, vt, 1.4832 m; d is 3.52 m; q is 173.473 KJ/mol; because the function of the height and the temperature is T-1789.8-2961.8 h +1820.5h2So in the formula, a is 1820.5, B is 2961.8, and C is 1789.8; LnK0＝15.274，R＝8.3145J·mol-1K-1. The method is carried into a final calculation formula of the invention, and the following are obtained through calculation: in the electroslag remelting process for smelting 12Cr2Mo1R, the amount of deoxidizer added in the initial 6min is 3.898 kg.
And in the smelting process of 6min later, because the data except x are unchanged in the same smelting process, the measured x value is substituted into a formula and is calculated. For example, the mass of the added deoxidizer in the first 6min is 3.898kg through previous calculation, the total length of the consumable electrode inserted into the slag bath within 12min is obtained through x ═ vt when the deoxidizer is added in the last 6min, the rest data are unchanged, the amount of the deoxidizer added into the slag bath within 12min is obtained by substituting the formula into 7.997kg, and the mass of the deoxidizer in the first 6min is subtracted from the total deoxidizer in 12min, so that the amount of the deoxidizer added in the last 6min can be 4.099 kg. The mass of the deoxidizer required to be added in the smelting time is calculated according to the steps in sequence.
According to the method, the product percent of pass reaches 97 percent in the field smelting 100 furnaces. Tables 15, 16 and 17 list the compositions of the 12Cr2Mo1R randomly extracted in the field, i.e., the composition of the middle part, the head part and the tail part, respectively, and all the compositions are acceptable.
TABLE 15.12 middle compositions (wt%) of Cr2Mo 1R.
Table 16.12 Cr2Mo1R head composition table (wt%).
Table 17.12 tail composition table (wt%) for Cr2Mo 1R.
Example 4.
In an electroslag remelting site, when A514 steel is smelted, the total length of the consumable electrode entering the slag bath from the outside of the slag bath within 6min is 1.4896m, the perimeter of a consumable electrode plate blank is measured to be 2.51m, and the average speed of inserting the consumable electrode into the slag bath from top to bottom is measured to be 4.09 × 10-3m/s, and the depth of the consumable electrode inserted into the slag bath is measured to be 0.015 m. In the field production process, 4.5Kg of deoxidizer with 95% aluminum content is required to be added into the slag pool every 6min by adopting the traditional method. The mode of adding the deoxidizer causes the Mn, Si, Als, C and other elements at the tail part of the A514 steel to be higher than the limit value, and the head part of the product to be lower than the lower limit value. Table 18 is an internal control composition table of a514 steel, table 19 is a final composition table of the tail of the on-site a514 steel, and table 20 is a final composition table of the head of the on-site a514 steel.
TABLE 18.A514 Steel inner control composition TABLE (wt%).
Table 19.a514 steel head composition table (wt%).
Table 20.a514 steel tail composition table (wt%).
Machining the A514 steel into samples of 7.5mm multiplied by 7.5mm by a wire cutting machine, and machining 5 samples in total; sequentially polishing the test sample by using 180 # to 1000 # SiC sand paper, and cleaning by using acetone; and cleaning the sample with alcohol, baking the sample with a blowing cylinder, and accurately measuring the mass of the A514 steel sample, wherein the weight unit is accurate to 0.1 mg. Wrapping with absorbent cotton, placing into a vacuum bag for later use, and numbering the sample bags for a high-temperature oxidation test.
The temperature of the molybdenum disilicide furnace is raised to 1150 ℃, the constant temperature treatment is carried out, and the atmosphere in the furnace is controlled to be an air environment (the oxygen content is 21%). And (3) placing the A514 steel sample in a corundum crucible, and then placing the corundum crucible in a furnace for 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h and 3h respectively. And after the experiment is finished, taking out the crucible and the sample together, putting the crucible and the sample into a liquid nitrogen bottle for cooling, putting the cooled crucible and the sample on an electronic balance with the precision of 0.1mg for weighing to obtain the weight gain, and obtaining an oxidation weight gain curve as shown in figure 6.
According to the oxidation weight gain curve, any two groups of oxidation weight gains corresponding to 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h and 3h are substituted into a formulaThe oxidation activation energy of the A514 steel is 173.4KJ/mol and the model constant is LnK017.325, and the height of the consumable electrode in the field and its corresponding temperature are measured, resulting in the relationship: t ═1789.8-2960.9h+1820.6h2The data are shown in Table 4.
The data, i.e., a is 0.015m and v is 4.09 × 10-3m/s; x is 1.4896 m; d is 2.51 m; q173.4 KJ/mol; because the function of the height and the temperature is T-1789.8-2960.9 h +1820.6h2So in the formula, a is 1820.6, B is 2960.9, and C is 1789.8; LnK0＝17.325，R＝8.3145J·mol-1K-1. The method is carried into a final calculation formula of the invention, and the following are obtained through calculation: in the electroslag remelting process for smelting A514 steel, the mass of the deoxidizer added into a metal molten pool for the initial 6min is 3.87 kg.
And in the smelting process of 6min later, because the data except x are unchanged in the same smelting process, the measured x value is substituted into a formula and is calculated. For example, the mass of the added deoxidizer of the first 6min is 3.87kg by calculation, the total length of the consumable electrode inserted into the slag bath within 12min is obtained by x ═ vt when the deoxidizer is 6min after calculation, the rest data are unchanged, the amount of the deoxidizer added into the slag bath within 12min is obtained by substituting the formula into 7.96kg, and the mass of the deoxidizer of the first 6min is subtracted from the total deoxidizer of 12min, so that the amount of the deoxidizer added into the slag bath after 6min can be 4.09 kg. The mass of the deoxidizer required to be added in the smelting time is calculated according to the steps in sequence.
According to the method, the product percent of pass reaches 97.5 percent in an on-site smelting 80 furnace. Tables 21, 22 and 23 list the compositions of the A514 steel randomly extracted in the field, and the compositions of the steel at the middle part, the head part and the tail part are all qualified.
TABLE 21A 514 Steel middle composition TABLE (wt%).
Table 22.a514 steel head composition table (wt%).
TABLE 23A 514 Steel Tail composition TABLE (wt%).
Example 5.
When electroslag remelting is used for smelting WE690PT steel, in an electroslag remelting site, the total length of a consumable electrode entering a slag pool from the outside of the slag pool within 6min is measured to be 1.50m, the perimeter of a consumable electrode plate blank is measured to be 3.51m, and the average speed of inserting the consumable electrode into the slag pool from top to bottom is measured to be 4.1 × 10-3m/s, and the depth of the consumable electrode inserted into the slag bath is measured to be 0.015 m. In the field production process, 5.5kg of deoxidizer with aluminum content of 95 percent needs to be added into the slag pool every 6min by adopting the traditional method. The smelting product is caused to cause the Mn, Si and other elements at the tail part of the smelted WE690PT steel to be over-limit values, and the head part of the product to be below the lower limit value. Table 24 is a table of internal control components of WE690PT steel, table 25 is a table of head components of field WE690PT steel, and table 26 is a table of tail components of field WE690PT steel.
TABLE 24 shows the internal control composition (wt%) of WE690PT steel.
TABLE 25 composition of WE690PT steel header in field (wt%).
TABLE 26 composition of WE690PT steel tail in situ (wt%).
WE690PT steel was processed into samples of 7.5 mm. times.7.5 mm by a wire cutter, and a total of 5 samples were processed; sequentially polishing the test sample by using 180 # to 1000 # SiC sand paper, and cleaning by using acetone; the test specimen was further cleaned with alcohol, and then baked with a blow tube, and the mass of the WE690PT steel test specimen was accurately measured in weight units of 0.1 mg. Wrapping with absorbent cotton, placing into a vacuum bag for later use, and numbering the sample bags for a high-temperature oxidation test.
The temperature of the molybdenum disilicide furnace is raised to 1150 ℃, the constant temperature treatment is carried out, and the atmosphere in the furnace is controlled to be an air environment (the oxygen content is 21%). Placing a WE690PT steel sample in a corundum crucible, and then placing the corundum crucible into a furnace for 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h and 3h respectively. And after the experiment is finished, taking out the crucible and the sample together, putting the crucible and the sample into a liquid nitrogen bottle for cooling, and weighing the cooled crucible and the sample on an electronic balance with the precision of 0.1mg to obtain the weight gain. The addition of weight gain data resulted in an oxidation weight gain curve as shown in figure 7.
According to the oxidation weight gain curve, any two groups of oxidation weight gains corresponding to 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h and 3h are substituted into a formulaThe oxidation activation energy of WE690PT steel is 106.23KJ/mol and the model constant is LnK018.556. And measuring the height of the consumable electrode on site and the corresponding temperature thereof to obtain a relation function as follows: t-1789.9-2961.2 h +1821.6h2The data are shown in Table 5.
The data, i.e., a is 0.015m and v is 4.1 × 10-3m/s; x is 1.50 m; d is 3.51 m; q is 106.23 KJ/mol; because the function of the height and the temperature is T-1789.9-2961.2 h +1821.6h2So in the formula, a is 1820.7, B is 2961.9, and C is 1789.7; LnK0＝18.556，R＝8.3145J·mol-1K-1. The method is carried into a final calculation formula of the invention, and the following are obtained through calculation: in the electroslag remelting process, the mass of the deoxidizer added into the metal molten pool within 6min is 4.33 kg.
And in the smelting process of 6min later, because the data except x are unchanged in the same smelting process, the measured x value is substituted into a formula and is calculated. For example, the mass of the added deoxidizer in the first 6min is 4.33kg, when the mass is 6min later, the total length of the consumable electrode inserted into the slag bath within 12min is obtained by x ═ vt, the rest data are unchanged, the total mass is substituted into the formula to obtain the amount of the deoxidizer added into the slag bath within 12min as 9.06kg, and the mass of the deoxidizer in the first 6min is subtracted from the total deoxidizer in 12min to obtain the amount of the deoxidizer added in the later 6min as 4.73 kg. The mass of the deoxidizer required to be added in the smelting time is calculated according to the steps in sequence.
According to the method, the product percent of pass reaches 97.8 percent in a 90-furnace smelting on site. Tables 27, 28 and 29 list the compositions of the middle, head and tail of WE690PT steel randomly drawn at the site, respectively, and all are acceptable.
Table 27.WE690PT steel middle composition table (wt%).
Table 28.WE690PT steel head composition table (wt%).
Table 29.WE690PT steel tail composition table (wt%).
Multiple experiments and field practices prove that the method for calculating the oxidation weight gain of the consumable electrode in the electroslag remelting process can quickly and accurately calculate the oxidation weight gain of the consumable electrode, and provides a basis for establishing a reasonable and accurate deoxidation system on the field.
Claims (8)
1.A method for calculating the oxidation weight gain of a consumable electrode in an electroslag remelting process obtains a relational expression of the oxidation weight gain of the consumable electrode in a theoretical production process, the depth and the speed of the electrode inserted into a slag bath, the circumference of the consumable electrode, the oxidation activation energy and the height of the alloy according to the oxidation weight gain experimental data of the alloy and the experimental measurement of the electrode temperature on site:
<mrow> <mi>W</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>D</mi> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>&Delta;</mi> <mi>W</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>D</mi> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msubsup> <mo>&Integral;</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </msubsup> <msub> <mi>&Delta;W</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mi>d</mi> <mi>h</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>D</mi> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <msubsup> <mo>&Integral;</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </msubsup> <msup> <mrow> <mo>{</mo> <msubsup> <mo>&Integral;</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mi>h</mi> </msubsup> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>exp</mi> <mo>&lsqb;</mo> <msub> <mi>LnK</mi> <mi>O</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msup> <mi>Ah</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>-</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mi>h</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>C</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>&rsqb;</mo> </mrow> <mi>v</mi> </mfrac> <mi>d</mi> <mi>h</mi> <mo>}</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>d</mi> <mi>h</mi> <mo>;</mo> </mrow>
wherein W represents the oxidation weight gain of the consumable electrode and is expressed in g, D represents the perimeter of the consumable electrode and is expressed in m, x represents any height on the consumable electrode and is expressed in m, wherein x is vt, v represents the speed of inserting the consumable electrode into a slag bath and is expressed in m/s, t represents the time for starting heating the electrode after the lower end of the consumable electrode is inserted into the molten bath and is expressed in s, a represents the depth of inserting the consumable electrode into the slag bath and is expressed in m, △ W represents the selfThe oxidation weight gain in the vertical direction from a section to x section on the electrode is g; r is a gas constant; LnK0Is a constant.
2. The method of calculating the electrode oxidation weight gain of claim 1, wherein the values of A, B and C are preferably: a is 1820.7, B is 2961.9, and C is 1789.7.
3. The method for calculating the oxidation weight gain of an electrode according to claim 1, wherein the parameters in the relationship are calculated as follows:
(1) a, B and C determination: measuring the temperature of the consumable electrode in field operation, and calculating the relation between the surface temperature and the height of the electrode (T ═ Ah)2+ Bh-C), or a general formula provided according to the invention: t-1789.7-2961.9 h +1820.7h2Direct substitution calculation;
(2) q and LnKoDetermination of (1): simulating the field atmosphere condition and the electrode temperature, carrying out an alloy high-temperature oxidation weight gain experiment to obtain an oxidation kinetic curve, and fitting to obtain oxidation activation energy Q and LnK of the alloy according to the oxidation time T, the oxidation weight gain delta W corresponding to the oxidation time T, the oxidation temperature T and the gas constant R through experimental datao；
(3) Measuring the perimeter and the total length of the consumable electrode on site and the speed of inserting the consumable electrode into the slag bath;
the error range of the total length and the circumference is +/-1 mm, and the error of the speed is +/-1 mm/s.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein said oxidation activation energy Q and constant LnK are calculated asoThe calculation method of (2) is specifically as follows: (1) material pretreatment: selecting a consumable electrode base material used for field processing to process n samples with the size of length, width, height, (5-10mm) and (5-10mm), wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 5, sequentially polishing the samples by using SiC sand paper from No. 180 to No. 1000, and cleaning the samples by using acetone; cleaning the sample with alcohol, and oven drying with air blowing tubeAccurately measuring the mass of an alloy sample, wherein the weight unit is accurate to 0.1mg, wrapping the sample with absorbent cotton, and placing the sample in a vacuum bag for later use, (2) performing a high-temperature oxidation test, namely performing an oxidation weight gain test for constant time under the condition of different temperatures, taking out the sample after the specified oxidation time of the test is reached, cooling the sample with liquid nitrogen, measuring the mass of the oxidized sample, wherein the mass difference is the oxidation weight gain, or placing the sample under the condition of constant high temperature for different time, taking out the sample after the specified oxidation time of the test is reached, cooling the sample with liquid nitrogen, measuring the mass of the oxidized sample, wherein the mass difference is the oxidation weight gain, counting oxidation weight gain data, and fitting to obtain an oxidation weight gain curve, (3) according to the theory that the growth rule of an oxide skin of an outer layer of the alloy under the high-temperature condition is △ W2＝KpT, the scale of the outer layer of the consumable electrode during electroslag remelting is also in accordance with Kofstad theory, where KPThe Arrhenius law is also satisfied:calculating an Arrhenius law, and carrying out logarithm operation on two sides of an equation to obtain a formula:according to this formula proceed with LnKp·tIs a vertical coordinate of the main body of the device,for a numerical fit on the abscissa, the slope of the resulting curve isHas a constant intercept of LnK0Or by mixing △ W2＝KpT andthe two formulas combine to yield a formula:increase the oxidation temperature T and the oxidation weight△W, gas constant R (value and unit 8.3145J. mol)-1K-1) And oxidation time t corresponding to the oxidation time t, taking a plurality of groups of data values to carry out substitution calculation to obtain oxidation activation energy and a model constant N, and carrying out power series operation to obtain a constant LnKo。
5. The method of calculating the oxidation weight gain of an electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the material of the consumable electrode is any alloy material.
6. The method for calculating the oxidation weight gain of an electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the material of the consumable electrode is preferably Inconel718 Ni-based superalloy, 12Cr2Mo1R steel, A514 steel or WE690PT steel.
7. The method for calculating the oxidation weight gain of the electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 6 can be used for calculating the oxidation weight gain of the consumable electrode of any material in the electroslag remelting smelting process under any atmospheric condition.
8. The method for calculating the oxidation weight gain of the electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 6 can be used for determining the addition amount of a deoxidizer in an electroslag remelting smelting process under any atmospheric condition.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710702118.2A CN107502750A (en) | 2017-08-16 | 2017-08-16 | The computational methods of consutrode increasing weight of oxidation in a kind of esr process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710702118.2A CN107502750A (en) | 2017-08-16 | 2017-08-16 | The computational methods of consutrode increasing weight of oxidation in a kind of esr process |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107502750A true CN107502750A (en) | 2017-12-22 |
Family
ID=60691940
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710702118.2A Pending CN107502750A (en) | 2017-08-16 | 2017-08-16 | The computational methods of consutrode increasing weight of oxidation in a kind of esr process |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107502750A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111505235A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-07 | 辽宁科技大学 | Method for measuring interface oxygen transfer rate in process of smelting high-temperature alloy |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101879530A (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2010-11-10 | 东北大学 | Soft measurement method of thickness of scale on surface of hot continuous rolling strip steel |
| CN105316487A (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2016-02-10 | 东北大学 | Slag system for electroslag-remelted high-Ti and low-Al high-temperature alloy and using method of slag system |
| CN105925916A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-09-07 | 东北大学 | Method for calcium and aluminum nitrogen increase and deoxygenation in pressurized electroslag remelting process of high-nitrogen steel |
| CN105925815A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-09-07 | 东北大学 | Method for smelting high-nitrogen martensite stainless steel by pressurized electroslag remelting gas-phase nitriding |
-
2017
- 2017-08-16 CN CN201710702118.2A patent/CN107502750A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101879530A (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2010-11-10 | 东北大学 | Soft measurement method of thickness of scale on surface of hot continuous rolling strip steel |
| CN105316487A (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2016-02-10 | 东北大学 | Slag system for electroslag-remelted high-Ti and low-Al high-temperature alloy and using method of slag system |
| CN105925916A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-09-07 | 东北大学 | Method for calcium and aluminum nitrogen increase and deoxygenation in pressurized electroslag remelting process of high-nitrogen steel |
| CN105925815A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-09-07 | 东北大学 | Method for smelting high-nitrogen martensite stainless steel by pressurized electroslag remelting gas-phase nitriding |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 李万明: "电渣重熔大型板坯和电渣液态浇注复合轧辊的数值模拟及工艺优化", 《中国博士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技Ⅰ辑》 * |
| 李万明等: "大型电渣重熔过程中的电极氧化增重的计算", 《2012全国电渣冶金技术学术会议》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111505235A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-07 | 辽宁科技大学 | Method for measuring interface oxygen transfer rate in process of smelting high-temperature alloy |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104614215A (en) | High-manganese aluminum bronze standard substance and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104359735B (en) | A kind of preparation method of high carbon stainless steel standard specimen | |
| CN103382514A (en) | System and method for forecasting molten steel components in RH refining process in online manner | |
| CN104406893B (en) | Method for measuring dissolution speed of solid inclusion in slag | |
| CN108384966A (en) | A method of utilizing electron-beam cold bed furnace melting TA10 titanium alloys | |
| CN105588781A (en) | Device and method for measuring dissolution rate of impurities in metallurgy slag | |
| CN106048139B (en) | The nitrogen flushing alloyage process of 18CrNiMo7-6 steel | |
| CN105445138A (en) | Slag actual ingredient performance detection method for slag containing volatile components | |
| CN108254234B (en) | Preparation method of stainless steel smelting process control standard sample | |
| Kero et al. | Refining kinetics of selected elements in the industrial silicon process | |
| CN107502750A (en) | The computational methods of consutrode increasing weight of oxidation in a kind of esr process | |
| CN106591684A (en) | Preparation method for iron, chromium and aluminum alloy ingot castings | |
| CN111521461A (en) | Prediction method for austenite grain growth behavior in continuous casting billet heating process | |
| Han et al. | Determination of the liquidus and solidus temperatures of FeCrAl stainless steel | |
| CN106124359A (en) | The assay method of silver amount in a kind of gold loaded carbon | |
| Morohoshi et al. | Effects of carbon and oxygen on Fe–C–O melt surface tension | |
| Wang et al. | Final temperature prediction model of molten steel in RH-TOP refining process for IF steel production | |
| JP6828248B2 (en) | Oxygen analysis method in steel and oxygen analyzer in steel | |
| JP6414045B2 (en) | Molten component estimation device and molten component estimation method | |
| CN112597627A (en) | Calculation method for predicting thickness of oxide layer in spring steel heating process | |
| CN113076505B (en) | Converter molten steel decarburization rate calculation method | |
| JP4353054B2 (en) | Method for decarburizing molten steel in RH vacuum degassing equipment | |
| CN112964830A (en) | Determination of SiO in metallurgical slag2Activity coefficient and method of activity | |
| CN109001654B (en) | Manufacturing method of relative magnetic permeability standard steel of non-magnetic drill collar | |
| JP6379933B2 (en) | Alloy manufacturing method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20171222 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |