CN107501594B - Method for foaming foamed plastic by using gel state nylon - Google Patents

Method for foaming foamed plastic by using gel state nylon Download PDF

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CN107501594B
CN107501594B CN201710727606.9A CN201710727606A CN107501594B CN 107501594 B CN107501594 B CN 107501594B CN 201710727606 A CN201710727606 A CN 201710727606A CN 107501594 B CN107501594 B CN 107501594B
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nylon
parts
foam
foaming
gel
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CN107501594A (en
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陈庆
昝航
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CHANGSHA ZHENGMING NEW MATERIAL Co.,Ltd.
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Priority to CN202110417584.2A priority patent/CN113045890A/en
Priority to CN202110418399.5A priority patent/CN112961494A/en
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/12Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/0061Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/0066Use of inorganic compounding ingredients
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/12Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
    • C08J9/122Hydrogen, oxygen, CO2, nitrogen or noble gases
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2203/00Foams characterized by the expanding agent
    • C08J2203/08Supercritical fluid
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2377/00Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2423/00Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2423/02Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
    • C08J2423/18Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms
    • C08J2423/20Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms having four to nine carbon atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/16Halogen-containing compounds
    • C08K2003/162Calcium, strontium or barium halides, e.g. calcium, strontium or barium chloride
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/16Halogen-containing compounds

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of foamed plastics, in particular to a method for foaming foamed plastics by gel nylon. The nylon prepolymer is gelled by metal salt and polyisobutylene, then foamed, and further subjected to stable polymerization by using catalyst steam curing to form the foam plastic. The method overcomes the defect that the direct hot melting foaming melt of nylon is light, and the low foam wall is easy to collapse. The obtained foam has uniform foam pores, light weight and high strength, and provides technical support for developing the application of nylon foam.

Description

Method for foaming foamed plastic by using gel state nylon
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of foamed plastics, in particular to a method for foaming foamed plastics by gel nylon.
Background
PA plastic was the resin developed for fibers by one company in the united states first, and was commercialized in 1939. In the 50 th of the 20 th century, injection molded products are developed and produced to replace metals to meet the requirements of light weight and cost reduction of downstream industrial products. The PA has good comprehensive properties including mechanical property, heat resistance, abrasion resistance, chemical resistance and self-lubricity, has low friction coefficient and certain flame retardance, is easy to process, is suitable for being filled with glass fiber and other fillers for reinforcing modification, improves the performance and expands the application range.
The main chain of nylon molecules contains amide groups which are polar groups, strong hydrogen bond action exists among the molecules, the arrangement of molecular chains is regular, so that the crystallinity of nylon is high, the mechanical property and the shock resistance are excellent, the metal salt can perform a complex reaction with the amide groups to destroy the hydrogen bond among the molecules, and the crystallinity of nylon can be effectively controlled. Nylon is polar polymer, can only dissolve in some strong polar solvents, but some weak polar solvents and inorganic salt mixed solution can also dissolve nylon, can prepare the intellectual gel of macromolecule through this kind of solvent, can be used for weaving, nylon aggregate state to change and the research of the phase change material.
The PA (nylon, polyamide) plastic has good comprehensive properties including mechanical property, heat resistance, abrasion resistance, chemical resistance and self-lubricity, has low friction coefficient and certain flame retardance, is easy to process, is suitable for being filled, reinforced and modified by glass fiber and other fillers, improves the performance and expands the application range. The varieties of PA are various, including PA6, PA66, PALl 2, PA46, PA610, PA612 and PA PAl010, and many new varieties such as semi-aromatic nylon PA6T and special nylon developed in recent years. PA plastic is a universal engineering plastic with long history and wide application. The engineering plastic market in 2000 was allocated by PA 35%, PC 32%, POM 11%, PBT 10%, PPO 3%, PET 2%, UHMWPE 2%, and high performance engineering plastic (PPS polyamide, LCP, PEEK, PEI, PESU, PVDF, other fluorine-containing plastics, etc.) 2%.
The foaming of the current nylon faces the same problems as polypropylene, namely low melt strength, extremely low melt strength, difficulty in wrapping gas, easiness in escape of foaming gas, difficulty in control of the foaming process, and easiness in causing foam wall breakage, gas escape, foam collapse and foam combination in the foaming process.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of low melt strength and easy collapse of bubbles in nylon foaming, the invention provides a method for foaming foam plastics by using gel-state nylon. The method has the obvious advantages that the nylon is foamed under the gel state condition, the problem of low melt strength of the nylon in a molten state in a common method is solved, the steps are simple, the operation is easy, and the method is suitable for large-scale production.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for foaming foam plastic by using gel nylon is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
1) mixing polyamide, methanol and ethanol in parts by weight;
2) adding metal salt into the mixed solution obtained in the step 1), and stirring and mixing under a sealed condition to obtain sol;
3) sealing and heating the sol obtained in the step 2), adding polyisobutylene for ultrasonic treatment, sealing and standing at room temperature to obtain a nylon gel;
4) adding antioxidant and foam stabilizer, and stirring;
5) injecting supercritical gas, quickly relieving pressure, foaming, and steaming in a catalyst to obtain the foamed plastic.
The raw materials are mixed according to the parts by weight: 50-70 parts of polyamide, 24-36 parts of methanol, 21-27 parts of ethanol, 13-17 parts of metal salt, 3-5 parts of polyisobutylene, 7-10 parts of foam stabilizer and 4-8 parts of antioxidant.
The foam stabilizer is a polyurethane foam stabilizer.
The antioxidant is formed by mixing polyolefin and polyformaldehyde according to the mass ratio of 1: 4.
One of the metal salts sodium chloride, potassium chloride and calcium chloride.
The polyisobutylene is viscous colloid with the molecular weight of 1000-3000.
The catalyst is selected from one or more diluent of hypophosphite, phosphate, hypophosphorous acid, phosphoric acid or phosphate. Further, the time of the ultrasonic treatment in the step 3) is controlled within 10-20 min.
The invention relates to a method for foaming foam plastic by gel nylon, which is characterized in that a nylon prepolymer is gelled by metal salt and polyisobutylene, then foamed, and further subjected to stable polymerization by using catalyst steam curing to form the foam plastic. The method overcomes the defect that the direct hot melting foaming melt of nylon is light, and the low foam wall is easy to collapse. The obtained foam has uniform foam pores, light weight and high strength, and provides technical support for developing the application of nylon foam.
Compared with the prior art, the method for foaming the foam plastic by using the gel-state nylon has the outstanding characteristics and excellent effects that:
1. the metal salt is mixed with the mixed solution of polyamide, methanol and ethanol, the nylon gel is obtained by adding the metal salt, the control of the nylon crystallinity can be realized, the nylon aggregation state control technology is more perfect, and the obtained nylon gel is easy to foam by introducing polyisobutylene.
2. The problem of low strength of the nylon melt in a molten state in a common method is avoided, the strength of the nylon melt is enhanced to wrap the gas generated by the foaming agent, the foaming gas is difficult to escape, the foaming process is controllable, and the cell wall breakage, the gas escape, the cell collapse and the bubble combination in the foaming process are difficult to cause. Further enhancing the strength of the nylon.
3. The nylon prepared by the method disclosed by the invention is low in investment, low in cost, free of environmental pollution, high in yield and remarkable in market application value.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, but it should not be construed that the scope of the present invention is limited to the following examples. Various substitutions and alterations can be made by those skilled in the art and by conventional means without departing from the spirit of the method of the invention described above.
Example 1
A method for foaming foam plastic by using gel nylon is characterized by comprising the following specific steps: (raw materials are in parts by weight)
1) Mixing 50 parts of polyamide, 24 parts of methanol and 21 parts of ethanol;
2) adding 13 parts of metal salt sodium chloride into the mixed solution obtained in the step 1), and stirring and mixing under a sealed condition to obtain sol;
3) sealing and heating the sol obtained in the step 2), adding 5 parts of polyisobutylene with the molecular weight of 1000-3000 for ultrasonic treatment for 10min, and sealing and standing at room temperature to obtain nylon gel;
4) adding 4 parts of antioxidant and 7 parts of foam stabilizer, and uniformly stirring; the antioxidant is formed by mixing polyolefin and polyformaldehyde according to the mass ratio of 1:4, and the foam stabilizer is a polyurethane foam stabilizer;
5) injecting supercritical gas, quickly relieving pressure, foaming, and then steaming in a diluent of a catalyst phosphite to obtain the foamed plastic.
The resulting foams were tested and, as shown in table 1, exhibited good compressive strength, uniform cells, and significant advantages over conventional hot melt blown nylon foams.
Example 2
A method for foaming foam plastic by using gel nylon is characterized by comprising the following specific steps: (raw materials are in parts by weight)
1) Mixing 60 parts of polyamide, 30 parts of methanol and 25 parts of ethanol;
2) adding 17 parts of metal salt potassium chloride into the mixed solution obtained in the step 1), and stirring and mixing under a sealed condition to obtain sol;
3) sealing and heating the sol obtained in the step 2), adding 3 parts of polyisobutylene with the molecular weight of 1000-3000, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 20min, and sealing and standing at room temperature to obtain a nylon gel;
4) adding 5 parts of antioxidant and 7 parts of foam stabilizer, and uniformly stirring; the antioxidant is formed by mixing polyolefin and polyformaldehyde according to the mass ratio of 1:4, and the foam stabilizer is a polyurethane foam stabilizer;
5) injecting supercritical gas, quickly relieving pressure, foaming, and then steaming in a diluent of catalyst phosphoric acid to obtain the foamed plastic.
The resulting foams were tested and, as shown in table 1, exhibited good compressive strength, uniform cells, and significant advantages over conventional hot melt blown nylon foams.
Example 3
A method for foaming foam plastic by using gel nylon is characterized by comprising the following specific steps: (raw materials are in parts by weight)
1) Mixing 70 parts of polyamide, 24 parts of methanol and 21 parts of ethanol;
2) adding 17 parts of metal salt into the mixed solution obtained in the step 1), and stirring and mixing under a sealed condition to obtain sol;
3) sealing and heating the sol obtained in the step 2), adding 5 parts of polyisobutylene with the molecular weight of 1000-3000 for ultrasonic treatment for 15min, and sealing and standing at room temperature to obtain nylon gel;
4) adding 8 parts of antioxidant and 10 parts of foam stabilizer, and uniformly stirring; the antioxidant is formed by mixing polyolefin and polyformaldehyde according to the mass ratio of 1:4, and the foam stabilizer is a polyurethane foam stabilizer;
5) injecting supercritical gas, quickly relieving pressure, foaming, and then steaming in a diluent of catalyst phosphate to obtain the foam plastic.
The resulting foams were tested and, as shown in table 1, exhibited good compressive strength with uniform cells in the east and west, a significant advantage over conventional hot melt blown nylon foams.
Example 4
A method for foaming foam plastic by using gel nylon is characterized by comprising the following specific steps: (raw materials are in parts by weight)
1) Mixing 50 parts of polyamide, 36 parts of methanol and 27 parts of ethanol;
2) adding 13 parts of metal salt sodium chloride into the mixed solution obtained in the step 1), and stirring and mixing under a sealed condition to obtain sol;
3) sealing and heating the sol obtained in the step 2), adding 5 parts of polyisobutylene with the molecular weight of 1000-3000, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 20min, and sealing and standing at room temperature to obtain a nylon gel;
4) adding 8 parts of antioxidant and 10 parts of foam stabilizer, and uniformly stirring; the antioxidant is formed by mixing polyolefin and polyformaldehyde according to the mass ratio of 1:4, and the foam stabilizer is a polyurethane foam stabilizer;
5) injecting supercritical gas, quickly relieving pressure, foaming, and then steam curing in a diluent of catalyst hypophosphorous acid to obtain the foamed plastic.
The resulting foams were tested and, as shown in table 1, exhibited good compressive strength with uniform cells in the east and west, a significant advantage over conventional hot melt blown nylon foams.
Example 5
A method for foaming foam plastic by using gel nylon is characterized by comprising the following specific steps: (raw materials are in parts by weight)
1) Mixing 55 parts of polyamide, 24 parts of methanol and 21 parts of ethanol;
2) adding 15 parts of metal salt sodium chloride into the mixed solution obtained in the step 1), and stirring and mixing under a sealed condition to obtain sol;
3) sealing and heating the sol obtained in the step 2), adding 5 parts of polyisobutylene with the molecular weight of 1000-3000, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 20min, and sealing and standing at room temperature to obtain a nylon gel;
4) adding 5 parts of antioxidant and 8 parts of foam stabilizer, and uniformly stirring; the antioxidant is formed by mixing polyolefin and polyformaldehyde according to the mass ratio of 1:4, and the foam stabilizer is a polyurethane foam stabilizer;
5) injecting supercritical gas, quickly relieving pressure, foaming, and then steaming in a diluent of a catalyst phosphite to obtain the foamed plastic.
The resulting foams were tested and, as shown in table 1, exhibited good compressive strength with uniform cells in the east and west, a significant advantage over conventional hot melt blown nylon foams.
Example 6
A method for foaming foam plastic by using gel nylon is characterized by comprising the following specific steps: (raw materials are in parts by weight)
1) Mixing 70 parts of polyamide, 24 parts of methanol and 21 parts of ethanol;
2) adding 13 parts of metal salt calcium chloride into the mixed solution obtained in the step 1), and stirring and mixing under a sealed condition to obtain sol;
3) sealing and heating the sol obtained in the step 2), adding 4 parts of polyisobutylene with the molecular weight of 1000-3000, performing ultrasonic treatment for 10min, and sealing and standing at room temperature to obtain a nylon gel;
4) adding 8 parts of antioxidant and 7 parts of foam stabilizer, and uniformly stirring; the antioxidant is formed by mixing polyolefin and polyformaldehyde according to the mass ratio of 1:4, and the foam stabilizer is a polyurethane foam stabilizer;
5) injecting supercritical gas, quickly relieving pressure, foaming, and then steaming in a diluent of catalyst phosphoric acid to obtain the foamed plastic.
The resulting foams were tested and, as shown in table 1, exhibited good compressive strength with uniform cells in the east and west, a significant advantage over conventional hot melt blown nylon foams.
Table 1:
examples Compressive Strength (MPa) Dimensional stability Density (kg/m 3)
Example 1 0.65 <0.5% 23.7
Example 2 0.64 <0.5% 21.2
Example 3 0.61 <0.5% 21.8
Example 4 0.63 <0.5% 22.7
Example 5 0.64 <0.5% 25.7
Example 6 0.65 <0.5% 26.9
Hot melt foamed nylon foam 0.15 <5% 51.6
However, in the traditional common method, the compression strength of the molten nylon is only 0:15MPa, the metal salt and the polyisobutylene enable the obtained nylon gel to be easy to foam, the control on the crystallinity of the nylon can be realized, and the nylon aggregation state control technology is more perfect. The problem of low melt strength of the nylon in a molten state in a common method is avoided, and the strength of the nylon is enhanced. The nylon prepared by the method disclosed by the invention is low in investment, low in cost, free of environmental pollution, high in yield and remarkable in market application value.

Claims (5)

1. A method for foaming foam plastic by using gel nylon is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
1) mixing polyamide, methanol and ethanol in parts by weight;
2) adding metal salt into the mixed solution obtained in the step 1), and stirring and mixing under a sealed condition to obtain sol; the metal salt is one of sodium chloride, potassium chloride and calcium chloride;
3) sealing and heating the sol obtained in the step 2), adding polyisobutylene for ultrasonic treatment, sealing and standing at room temperature to obtain a nylon gel;
4) adding antioxidant and foam stabilizer, and stirring;
5) injecting supercritical gas, quickly relieving pressure, foaming, and then steaming in a catalyst to obtain foamed plastic, wherein the catalyst is selected from one or more diluent of hypophosphite, phosphate, hypophosphorous acid, phosphoric acid or phosphate;
the raw materials are mixed according to the parts by weight: 50-70 parts of polyamide, 24-36 parts of methanol, 21-27 parts of ethanol, 13-17 parts of metal salt, 3-5 parts of polyisobutylene, 7-10 parts of foam stabilizer and 4-8 parts of antioxidant.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the foaming of the foam with nylon in a gel state is performed by: the foam stabilizer is a polyurethane foam stabilizer.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the foaming of the foam with nylon in a gel state is performed by: the antioxidant is formed by mixing polyolefin and polyformaldehyde according to the mass ratio of 1: 4.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the foaming of the foam with nylon in a gel state is performed by: the polyisobutylene is viscous colloid with molecular weight of 1000-3000.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the foaming of the foam with nylon in a gel state is performed by: the ultrasonic treatment time in the step 3) is controlled to be 10-20 min.
CN201710727606.9A 2017-08-23 2017-08-23 Method for foaming foamed plastic by using gel state nylon Active CN107501594B (en)

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CN102910625A (en) * 2012-11-14 2013-02-06 北京理工大学 Graphene oxide aerogel, preparation method and application
CN103275319A (en) * 2013-06-14 2013-09-04 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 Polyimide foam plastic and preparation method thereof
CN104693477A (en) * 2015-03-30 2015-06-10 上海大音希声新型材料有限公司 Preparation method for crosslinking type polyimide aerogel
CN105111433A (en) * 2015-09-30 2015-12-02 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 Low dielectric constant polyamide aerogel thermal insulation material and preparation method thereof
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