CN107493222B - VXLAN message forwarding method and device - Google Patents

VXLAN message forwarding method and device Download PDF

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CN107493222B
CN107493222B CN201710696378.3A CN201710696378A CN107493222B CN 107493222 B CN107493222 B CN 107493222B CN 201710696378 A CN201710696378 A CN 201710696378A CN 107493222 B CN107493222 B CN 107493222B
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vni
message
vxlan
mac
vtep device
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CN107493222A (en
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王富涛
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Hangzhou DPTech Technologies Co Ltd
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Hangzhou DPTech Technologies Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/46—Interconnection of networks
    • H04L12/4641—Virtual LANs, VLANs, e.g. virtual private networks [VPN]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/46—Interconnection of networks
    • H04L12/4633—Interconnection of networks using encapsulation techniques, e.g. tunneling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/74—Address processing for routing

Abstract

The application provides a VXLAN message forwarding method and a VXLAN message forwarding device, which are applied to local terminal VTEP equipment, and the method comprises the following steps: receiving a message sent by a first VM, reading a source IP of the message, searching a preset VNI mapping table based on the source IP, wherein the VNI mapping table comprises a mapping relation between an IP address and a VNI, and then forwarding the message according to the searched VNI. In the application, the VXLAN tenants are isolated through the mapping relation between the IP address and the VNI, so that each port of the VTEP equipment is not limited by the VLAN ID, and more messages of VXLAN subnets can be processed; after the virtual machine is migrated, the configuration on the VTEP device does not need to be changed, and the workload of a network administrator is reduced.

Description

VXLAN message forwarding method and device
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for forwarding a VXLAN packet.
Background
With the rapid development of cloud computing, the virtualization degree of the data center is higher and higher. In a VLAN (virtual local Area Network) technology, a VLAN ID is 12 bits, which results in a maximum number of 4096 VLANs, which cannot meet the requirements of dividing a large number of virtual machines and supporting Network isolation of multiple tenants. In this case, VXLAN (Virtual Extensible Local Area Network) technology has been developed. In VXLAN technology, VNI (virtual extensible local area Network identity) is 24bit, and thus, the number of divided VXLAN subnets can be as much as 16777216.
In the prior art, a VTEP (VXLAN Tunneling End Point) device manually configures a mapping relationship between a local port, a VLAN ID of an access local host, and a VNI, where the mapping relationship is stored in a VNI mapping table. After receiving a message from any port, the VTEP device first obtains a VLAN ID carried by the message, then searches the VNI mapping table according to the VLAN ID to obtain a VNI, and forwards the message based on the VNI.
However, since the number of VLAN IDs is 4096 at most, when isolating VXLAN tenants based on the mapping relationship between VLAN IDs and VNIs, each port processes messages of 4096 VXLAN subnets at most; in addition, if the host in the VXLAN subnet is a virtual machine, since the virtual machine can only communicate in the VXLAN subnet after being configured based on the port of the VTEP device, if the virtual machine migrates, the VNI mapping table on the VTEP device corresponding to the virtual machine needs to be modified after the migration is completed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present application provides a method and an apparatus for forwarding a VXLAN packet, which are used to solve the problem that a port can only process packets of 4096 VXLAN subnets at most by isolating VXLAN tenants through a vlan id, and the problem that, if a virtual machine in a VXLAN subnet migrates, a VNI mapping table on a VTEP device corresponding to the virtual machine needs to be modified after the migration is completed.
Specifically, the method is realized through the following technical scheme:
a VXLAN message forwarding method is applied to local terminal VTEP equipment, a first VM is accessed to the local terminal VTEP equipment, and the method comprises the following steps:
receiving a message sent by the first VM;
reading a source IP of the message, and searching a preset VNI mapping table based on the source IP; wherein the VNI mapping table comprises mapping relations of IP addresses and VNIs;
and forwarding the message according to the searched VNI.
In the VXLAN message forwarding method, the method further includes:
if a message sent by the first VM is received for the first time, learning an MAC table entry corresponding to the first VM; the MAC table entry comprises a MAC address of the first VM, a VLAN ID of the first VM and a mapping relation of a port of the first VM, which is accessed to the local-end VTEP device;
and storing the MAC table entry corresponding to the first VM into a MAC table.
In the VXLAN packet forwarding method, a VXLAN tunnel is established between the local VTEP device and the opposite VTEP device, and a second VM, which belongs to the same VXLAN subnet as the first VM, accesses the opposite VTEP device, and the method further includes:
receiving a unicast message sent by the second VM to the first VM;
searching an MAC table based on the VNI and the target MAC of the unicast message, and determining an MAC table entry corresponding to the first VM;
and forwarding the unicast message to the first VM according to the searched MAC table entry.
In the VXLAN message forwarding method, the entries of the VNI mapping table are arranged from long to short based on the length of the subnet mask in the entries.
In the VXLAN message forwarding method, the method further includes:
and if the VNI cannot be found in the VNI mapping table based on the source IP, discarding the message.
A VXLAN message forwarding device is applied to local terminal VTEP equipment, a first VM is accessed to the local terminal VTEP equipment, and the device comprises:
a receiving unit, configured to receive a message sent by the first VM;
the searching unit is used for reading a source IP of the message and searching a preset VNI mapping table based on the source IP; wherein the VNI mapping table comprises mapping relations of IP addresses and VNIs;
and the forwarding unit is used for forwarding the message according to the searched VNI.
In the VXLAN packet forwarding apparatus, the apparatus further includes:
the learning unit is used for learning the MAC table item corresponding to the first VM if the message sent by the first VM is received for the first time; the MAC table entry comprises a MAC address of the first VM, a VLAN ID of the first VM and a mapping relation of a port of the first VM, which is accessed to the local-end VTEP device;
a storage unit, configured to store the MAC table entry corresponding to the first VM in a MAC table.
In the apparatus for forwarding the VXLAN packet, a VXLAN tunnel is established between the local VTEP device and the opposite VTEP device, and a second VM, which belongs to the same VXLAN subnet as the first VM, accesses the opposite VTEP device, and the apparatus further includes:
the receiving unit is further configured to receive a unicast message sent by the second VM to the first VM;
the search unit is further configured to search an MAC table based on the VNI of the unicast packet and a destination MAC, and determine an MAC table entry corresponding to the first VM;
the forwarding unit is further configured to forward the unicast message to the first VM according to the found MAC entry.
In the VXLAN message forwarding device, the entries of the VNI mapping table are arranged from long to short based on the length of the subnet mask in the entry.
In the VXLAN packet forwarding apparatus, the apparatus further includes:
and a discarding unit, configured to discard the packet if the VNI cannot be found in the VNI mapping table based on the source IP.
In the embodiment of the application, a local terminal VTEP device receives a message sent by a first VM accessed to a local, reads a source IP of the message, searches a preset VNI mapping table based on the source IP, wherein the VNI mapping table comprises a mapping relation between an IP address and VNI, and then forwards the message according to the searched VNI;
in the application, VXLAN tenants are isolated in the VNI mapping table through the mapping relation of the IP addresses to the VNIs, so that each port is not limited by the number of VLAN IDs any more, and more messages of VXLAN subnets can be processed; in addition, when the local virtual machine accessed to the VTEP device is configured, the configuration for a specific port is not required, and therefore, the VNI mapping table configured on the VTEP device is not changed by virtual machine migration.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a VXLAN network architecture diagram as shown in the present application;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a VXLAN message forwarding method shown in the present application;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a VXLAN message forwarding apparatus shown in the present application;
fig. 4 is a hardware configuration diagram of a VXLAN message forwarding apparatus according to the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention better understood and make the above objects, features and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more comprehensible, the following description of the prior art and the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings is provided.
Referring to fig. 1, for a VXLAN network architecture diagram shown in the present application, as shown in fig. 1, a VXLAN tunnel is established in pairs by VTEP a, VTEP B, and VTEP C, and a plurality of servers are respectively accessed to each VTEP device; each server has a plurality of VMs (Virtual machines).
It should be noted that the VTEP device refers to a device at a tunnel end point in the VXLAN network, and is used for sending and receiving a VXLAN message in the VXLAN network; wherein, the VXLAN message is a message encapsulating a VXLAN message header. One VTEP device can access multiple VXLAN subnets, or can access multiple VMs on different or the same VXLAN subnet. The VTEP device may be an access switch or a virtual switch.
One port of the VTEP device may need to process traffic of multiple VXLAN tenants, and a mapping relationship may be established with a VNI of a VXLAN tenant according to traffic characteristics of different VXLAN tenants, thereby isolating different VXLAN tenants. In the prior art, VLAN IDs carried by messages are typically used to distinguish different VXLAN tenants. The network administrator may configure a VNI mapping table on the VTEP device, where the VNI mapping table stores a mapping relationship between a VLAN ID of a host accessing the VTEP device, a VNI, and a port of the VTEP device. Note that, one VNI represents one VXLAN tenant, and even if a plurality of hosts belong to the same VXLAN subnet, a plurality of hosts having the same VNI can represent one VXLAN tenant.
The VTEP device is configured with the VNI mapping table, when subsequently receiving a message sent by a host accessing the local, the VTEP device can search the VNI mapping table through a port receiving the message and the VLAN ID of the message, and then forward the message based on the searched VNI.
However, the number of VLAN IDs is 4096 at most, VXLAN tenants are isolated based on the mapping relationship between VLAN IDs and VNIs, and each port can only process messages of 4096 VXLAN subnets at most.
In addition, when a virtual machine is migrated (for example, a port of an access switch as a VTEP device connected to a server is in a problem, the server needs to be connected to another port, or a VTEP device goes down and a server under the VTEP device needs to be migrated to another VTEP device), after the virtual machine migration is completed, a VNI mapping table on the corresponding VTEP device needs to be reconfigured based on a situation that a local port accesses the virtual machine, thereby increasing workload of a network administrator.
In view of this, in the technical solution of the present application, VXLAN tenants are isolated by a mapping relationship between an IP address of a virtual machine and a VNI, so that each port of a VTEP device is not limited by the number of VLAN IDs, and can process a greater number of messages of VXLAN subnets; since the configuration of the specific port of the VTEP device is not required, after the VNI mapping table is preconfigured for each VTEP device, the configuration of the VTEP device does not need to be changed even if the virtual machine is migrated, and the workload of a network administrator is reduced.
Referring to fig. 2, a flowchart of a VXLAN message forwarding method shown in the present application is shown, where the method is applied to a local VTEP device, and a first VM accesses the local VTEP device, where the method includes the following steps:
step 201: and receiving a message sent by the first VM.
Step 202: reading a source IP of the message, and searching a preset VNI mapping table based on the source IP; wherein the VNI mapping table comprises mapping relations of IP addresses and VNIs.
Step 203: and forwarding the message according to the searched VNI.
In this embodiment of the present application, a network administrator may configure a VNI mapping table in advance for each VTEP device in the VXLAN network, where the VNI mapping table includes a mapping relationship between an IP address of a host in the VXLAN network and a VNI of a VXLAN subnet to which the host belongs.
The first VM accessing the local VTEP device may communicate with other hosts in the VXLAN network through the local VTEP device. The local end VTEP device receives the message sent by the first VM, can read the source IP of the message, and then searches a preset VNI mapping table based on the source IP of the message. If the entry corresponding to the source IP of the packet is found, it may be determined that the VNI in the entry is the VNI of the first VM.
In addition, if the local VTEP device cannot find the VNI in the VNI mapping table based on the source IP of the packet, the packet may be discarded.
Optionally, after configuring the VNI mapping table for each VTEP device, the network administrator may configure another conventional VNI mapping table based on the actual situation of accessing the local host; the VNI mapping table includes a VLAN ID of the local host, a mapping relationship between the VNI and the local port.
In this case, the technical solution of the present application is compatible with the prior art, and if the local VTEP device cannot find the VNI in the VNI mapping table shown in the present application based on the source IP of the packet, the local VTEP device may find the conventional VNI mapping table based on the port number of the received packet and the VLAN ID carried in the packet, and then determine the VNI of the first VM according to the found entry.
In an illustrated embodiment, the entries of the VNI mapping table are arranged from long to short based on the length of the subnet mask in the entry. Through the arrangement mode, when the VTEP device searches the VNI mapping table based on the source IP of the message, the matched table entry can be found most quickly.
Such as: entries corresponding to 10.24.0.0/16, 10.24.9.0/24 and 10.24.9.11/32 exist in the VNI mapping table, and if randomly arranged, the VNI mapping table is looked up according to the source IP10.24.9.11/32, and the corresponding entries may not be finally determined until three matching processes occur. The entries are arranged from long to short based on the length of the subnet mask, so that the corresponding entries can be determined after the first matching, and the searching efficiency is improved.
In this embodiment of the application, after determining the VNI of the first VM, the local VTEP device may forward the packet based on the VNI of the first VM.
On one hand, if the packet is a broadcast packet, the local VTEP device may send the packet to a broadcast domain corresponding to the VNI based on the VNI of the first VM.
Taking fig. 1 as an example, the local VTEP device is a VTEP a, and the first VM is VM 1. VM 4, VM 7, VM 9, and VM 11 are affiliated to the same VXLAN subnet as VM 1. If the message is a broadcast message, the local VTEP device may broadcast the message to VM 4, VM 7, VM 9, and VM 11 based on the VNI of VM 1. The specific forwarding process can be referred to in the prior art, and is not described in detail herein.
On the other hand, if the packet is a unicast packet, the local VTEP device may search a local MAC table based on the VNI of the first VM and the destination MAC of the packet, and then forward the packet based on the searched MAC table.
In an embodiment shown, the MAC table on the VTEP device may be configured based on different VNIs, and the VTEP device may first determine the corresponding MAC table according to the VNI of the first VM, and then look up the MAC table according to the destination MAC of the packet to determine the corresponding MAC table entry. The MAC table includes a mapping relationship between a MAC address of the remote VM and the VXLAN tunnel, and a mapping relationship between a MAC address of the local VM, a VLAN ID, and a local port. And the MAC table is configured based on different VNIs, so that the subsequent speed of looking up the MAC table can be improved.
Still taking fig. 1 as an example, the local VTEP device is a VTEP a, and the first VM is VM 1. VM 4, VM 7, VM 9, and VM 11 are affiliated to the same VXLAN subnet as VM 1. If the message is a unicast message sent by VM 1 to VM 11, VTEP a may determine a corresponding MAC table based on VNI of VM 1, then look up the MAC table based on the destination MAC of the message, determine a MAC entry corresponding to VM 11, and send the message to VTEP C based on VXLAN tunnel between VTEP a and VTEP C device in the MAC entry. After receiving the above message, the VTEP C may forward the above message to the VM 11. The specific forwarding process can be referred to in the prior art, and is not described in detail herein.
In addition, if the packet is a unicast packet, and the local VTEP device cannot find the corresponding MAC entry based on the VNI of the first VM and the destination MAC of the packet, the local VTEP device may still send the packet to the broadcast domain corresponding to the VNI.
In this embodiment of the present application, when receiving a message sent by the first VM for the first time, the local VTEP device may learn an MAC entry corresponding to the first VM; the MAC entry includes a MAC address of the first VM, a VLAN ID of the first VM, and a mapping relationship between ports of the first VM accessing the local VTEP device.
The local end VTEP device may store the learned MAC table entries in the MAC table. The learned MAC entry may be used to subsequently forward a unicast packet to the first VM.
In an embodiment shown, the local VTEP apparatus may determine a corresponding MAC table based on the VNI of the first VM, and then store a MAC table entry corresponding to the first VM in the MAC table.
In the embodiment of the application, a VXLAN tunnel is established between the local VTEP device and the opposite VTEP device, wherein the opposite VTEP device is accessed by a second VM belonging to the same VXLAN subnet as the first VM. And the second VM sends a unicast message to the first VM. After receiving the unicast message, the opposite-end VTEP device forwards the unicast message to the local-end VTEP device through the VXLAN tunnel between the opposite-end VTEP device and the local-end VTEP device.
After receiving the unicast message, the local VTEP device may look up the MAC table based on the VNI and the destination MAC of the unicast message, determine the MAC table entry corresponding to the first VM, and forward the unicast message.
Specifically, the local VTEP device receives a unicast message sent by the remote VM to the first VM from the VXLAN tunnel, may determine the MAC table based on the VNI carried in the unicast message, then searches the MAC table based on the destination MAC of the message, and forwards the message based on the searched MAC table entry.
In summary, in the technical solution of the present application, when receiving a packet sent by a first VM, a local VTEP device may read a source IP of the packet, and search a preset VNI mapping table based on the source IP of the packet, where the VNI mapping table includes a mapping relationship between an IP address and a VNI, and then forward the packet according to the searched VNI;
in the application, VXLAN tenants are isolated through the mapping relation between the IP address of the virtual machine and the VNI, so that each port of the VTEP equipment is not limited by the number of VLAN IDs, and more messages of VXLAN subnets can be processed;
in addition, when the network administrator configures the VNI mapping table for the VTEP device, since there is no port in the mapping relationship of the VNI mapping table, it is not necessary to configure the port for the VTEP device, and after the VTEP device configures the VNI mapping table, it is not necessary to change the configuration even if the virtual machine is migrated, which reduces the workload of the network administrator.
Corresponding to the foregoing embodiments of the VXLAN message forwarding method, the present application also provides embodiments of a VXLAN message forwarding apparatus.
Referring to fig. 3, a block diagram of an embodiment of a VXLAN message forwarding apparatus shown in the present application is shown:
as shown in fig. 3, the VXLAN message forwarding apparatus 30 includes:
a receiving unit 310, configured to receive a message sent by the first VM.
A searching unit 320, configured to read a source IP of the packet, and search a preset VNI mapping table based on the source IP; wherein the VNI mapping table comprises mapping relations of IP addresses and VNIs.
A forwarding unit 330, configured to forward the packet according to the found VNI.
In this example, the apparatus further comprises:
a learning unit 340, configured to learn, if a packet sent by the first VM is received for the first time, an MAC entry corresponding to the first VM; the MAC table entry comprises a MAC address of the first VM, a VLAN ID of the first VM and a mapping relation of a port of the first VM, which is accessed to the local-end VTEP device.
A storage unit 350, configured to store the MAC table entry corresponding to the first VM in a MAC table.
In this example, a VXLAN tunnel is established between the local VTEP device and the opposite VTEP device, and the opposite VTEP device is accessed by the second VM belonging to the same VXLAN subnet as the first VM, and the apparatus further includes:
the receiving unit 310 is further configured to receive a unicast packet sent by the second VM to the first VM.
The searching unit 320 is further configured to search a MAC table based on the VNI of the unicast packet and the destination MAC, and determine a MAC table entry corresponding to the first VM.
The forwarding unit 330 is further configured to forward the unicast packet to the first VM according to the found MAC entry.
In this example, the entries of the VNI mapping table are arranged from long to short based on the length of the subnet mask in the entry.
In this example, the apparatus further comprises:
a discarding unit 360, configured to discard the packet if the VNI cannot be found in the VNI mapping table based on the source IP.
The embodiment of the VXLAN message forwarding device can be applied to local-end VTEP equipment. The device embodiments may be implemented by software, or by hardware, or by a combination of hardware and software. The software implementation is taken as an example, and as a logical device, the device is formed by reading corresponding computer program instructions in the nonvolatile memory into the memory for operation through the processor of the local VTEP equipment. In terms of hardware, as shown in fig. 4, a hardware structure diagram of a local VTEP device where the VXLAN message forwarding apparatus of the present application is located is shown, except for the processor, the memory, the network interface, and the nonvolatile memory shown in fig. 4, the local VTEP device where the apparatus is located in the embodiment may also include other hardware according to the actual function of the VXLAN message forwarding apparatus, which is not described again.
The implementation process of the functions and actions of each unit in the above device is specifically described in the implementation process of the corresponding step in the above method, and is not described herein again.
For the device embodiments, since they substantially correspond to the method embodiments, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiments for relevant points. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the scheme of the application. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
The above description is only exemplary of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims (6)

1. A VXLAN message forwarding method is applied to local terminal VTEP equipment, and a first VM is accessed to the local terminal VTEP equipment, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
receiving a message sent by the first VM;
reading a source IP of the message, and searching a preset VNI mapping table based on the source IP; wherein the VNI mapping table comprises mapping relations of IP addresses and VNIs;
forwarding the message according to the searched VNI;
if a message sent by the first VM is received for the first time, learning an MAC table entry corresponding to the first VM; the MAC table entry comprises a MAC address of the first VM, a VLAN ID of the first VM and a mapping relation of a port of the first VM, which is accessed to the local-end VTEP device;
storing a MAC table entry corresponding to the first VM into a MAC table;
and the entries of the VNI mapping table are arranged from long to short based on the length of the subnet mask in the entries.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein a VXLAN tunnel is established between the local VTEP device and a peer VTEP device, and a second VM belonging to the same VXLAN subnet as the first VM accesses the peer VTEP device, the method further comprising:
receiving a unicast message sent by the second VM to the first VM;
searching an MAC table based on the VNI and the target MAC of the unicast message, and determining an MAC table entry corresponding to the first VM;
and forwarding the unicast message to the first VM according to the searched MAC table entry.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
and if the VNI cannot be found in the VNI mapping table based on the source IP, discarding the message.
4. A VXLAN message forwarding device is applied to local terminal VTEP equipment, and a first VM is accessed to the local terminal VTEP equipment, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a receiving unit, configured to receive a message sent by the first VM;
the searching unit is used for reading a source IP of the message and searching a preset VNI mapping table based on the source IP; wherein the VNI mapping table comprises mapping relations of IP addresses and VNIs;
a forwarding unit, configured to forward the packet according to the found VNI;
the learning unit is used for learning the MAC table item corresponding to the first VM if the message sent by the first VM is received for the first time; the MAC table entry comprises a MAC address of the first VM, a VLAN ID of the first VM and a mapping relation of a port of the first VM, which is accessed to the local-end VTEP device;
a storage unit, configured to store a MAC table entry corresponding to the first VM in a MAC table;
and the entries of the VNI mapping table are arranged from long to short based on the length of the subnet mask in the entries.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein a VXLAN tunnel is established between the local VTEP device and an opposite VTEP device, and a second VM belonging to the same VXLAN subnet as the first VM accesses the opposite VTEP device, the apparatus further comprising:
the receiving unit is further configured to receive a unicast message sent by the second VM to the first VM;
the search unit is further configured to search an MAC table based on the VNI of the unicast packet and a destination MAC, and determine an MAC table entry corresponding to the first VM;
the forwarding unit is further configured to forward the unicast message to the first VM according to the found MAC entry.
6. The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising:
and a discarding unit, configured to discard the packet if the VNI cannot be found in the VNI mapping table based on the source IP.
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