CN107491636A - A kind of cerebrovascular reserve analogue system and method based on Fluid Mechanics Computation - Google Patents
A kind of cerebrovascular reserve analogue system and method based on Fluid Mechanics Computation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cerebrovascular reserve analogue system and method based on Fluid Mechanics Computation, including：Image data acquiring module, for obtaining the cerebrovascular computed tomography images of human body；Blood vessel 3 D reconstructing module, three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out to the computed tomography images；Boundary condition extraction module, the cerebrovascular computed tomography images are post-processed, obtain emulating required boundary information；CFD pre-processing modules, the pre-treatment needed for numerical simulation is carried out to the cerebrovascular 3-D geometric model；CFD computing modules, the haemodynamics information of cerebrovascular 3-D geometric model everywhere is solved；CFD post-processing modules, the result that simulation result measures with the boundary condition extraction module is contrasted.The present invention, as the standard for assessing cerebrovascular reserve, is avoided by cerebrovascular geometry come the one-sidedness judged, achievable noninvasive, quantitative and personalized cerebrovascular deposit force estimation using hemodynamic characteristic parameter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to medical device technology, more particularly to a kind of cerebrovascular reserve emulation based on Fluid Mechanics Computation
System and method.
Background technology
Cerebral apoplexy (stroke), is commonly called as apoplexy, is the general name of a kind of acute cerebrovascular diseases, shows as acute and chronic brain
Bleeding or ischemia symptom.It has the characteristics of incidence of disease is high, the death rate is high and disability rate is high, be cause China adult lethal and
The primary factor to disable.Relevant clinical research is found, based on iconography, assess prevention of the cerebrovascular reserve situation to palsy,
Diagnosis and treatment play very important effect.
The Imaging Technology means of traditional assessment to post-stroke cerebrovascular reserve, mainly include PET and be imaged,
SPECT is imaged, Xenon-enhanced CT imagings, CT perfusions (Dynamic perfusion CT), MRI Perfusion Imagings
(perfusion-weighted MRI), arterial spin labeling imaging (Arterial Spin Labeling MRI), blood oxygen water
Flat dependent imaging (Blood oxygen level-dependent MRI) etc., the sense that these technological means can provide brain is emerging
Regional perfusion's information in interesting region, hemodynamic parameter assesses cerebrovascular reserve situation including CBF, CBV etc., still
Reserve situation specific to single vessel can not be provided, and spatial resolution is relatively low, and most of the above measuring method
It is invasive, expensive.TCD,transcranial Doppler Doppler technology (Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound) and magnetic resonance phase enhancing
Technology (Phase-contrast MRI) can non-invasively realize the measurement of the flow velocity, data on flows of local vascular, but surpass through cranium
Sound Doppler technology is easily influenceed by the subjective operation of operator, and can only to provide interest blood vessel a certain for two kinds of technology one-shot measurements
The information in section, the reserve situation of whole section of blood vessel and blood vessel network can not be provided.How local cerebral blood is easily and accurately measured
The haemodynamics data of pipe, the accurate assessment to cerebrovascular reserve have very important meaning.
The content of the invention
The defects of the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to be directed in the prior art, there is provided one kind is based on calculating fluid force
Cerebrovascular reserve analogue system and method, the cerebrovascular blood flowing dynamics situation that meets individuation difference can be realized
Noninvasive, qualitative assessment, the analysis for the cerebrovascular reserve situation of user provide accurately completely information.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：A kind of cerebrovascular storage based on Fluid Mechanics Computation
Standby power analogue system, including：
Image data acquiring module, for gathering the computed tomography figure needed for reconstruction cerebrovascular three-dimensional geometrical structure
Picture, including CTA, MRA, 3D fast acquisition interleaved spin echo and 3D-DSA data；Described image data acquisition module is additionally operable to gather
Calculate the image needed for the data boundary of cerebrovascular three-dimensional structure；
Cerebrovascular three-dimensional reconstruction module, the computed tomography images for being gathered to image data acquiring module are carried out
Three-dimensional reconstruction, obtain cerebrovascular three-dimensional geometrical structure；
Boundary condition extraction module, by being post-processed to the original phase strengthens view data collected, extraction stream
Boundary condition information needed for body emulation, the boundary condition information include flow velocity, the flow information of cerebrovascular entrance and exit；
CFD pre-processing modules, the cerebrovascular three-dimensional geometrical structure for being obtained to cerebrovascular three-dimensional reconstruction module enter line number
Required pre-treatment, the pre-treatment include before value emulation：Cerebrovascular three-dimensional geometrical structure smoothing processing, surface grids and volume mesh
Division and emulation needed for entrance, outlet set, vascular wall set；
CFD computing modules, method for solving is set to the fluid mechanical emulation process for building model, solves the cerebrovascular
The haemodynamics information of three-dimensional geometrical structure everywhere；The model includes entrance model, outlet model, vascular wall model and blood
Liquid model；Wherein, entrance model is used for the entrance boundary condition for setting fluid mechanical emulation, and outlet model is used to set fluid force
The export boundary condition of emulation is learned, vascular wall model is used for the boundary condition for setting vascular wall, and Blood Model meets for setting
The haemodynamics model of blood flow feature；
CFD post-processing modules, for by the CFD computing modules solve obtained haemodynamics data with it is actually measured
Data contrasted, for instruct adjustment simulation mathematical model and solve parameter, when simulation result and actually measured result
When close, final haemodynamics data, including intravascular pressure, blood vessel wall shear stress, the three-dimensional of velocity of blood flow are exported
Color cloud picture, and for characterizing the haemodynamics characteristic parameter of cerebrovascular reserve, including pressure-drop coefficient (entrance to interest
Vascular cross-section pressure differential), blood vessel deposit fraction (entrance to stenosis pressure ratio), blood flow velocity average and peak value, blood flow put down
Equal flow velocity and flow, and the hemodynamic parameter such as average shearing stress of blood vessel wall, realize and quantifying for cerebrovascular reserve are commented
Estimate.
It is used to gather by such scheme, in described image data acquisition module and rebuilds needed for cerebrovascular three-dimensional geometrical structure
Computed tomography images are specially that the cerebrovascular more than sustainer upper arm is moved using CTA, 3D-TOF MRA or 3D-DSA
Arteries and veins part is scanned, and obtains the cerebrovascular computed tomography images of human body.
Present invention also offers a kind of cerebrovascular reserve emulation mode based on Fluid Mechanics Computation, including following step
Suddenly:
1) the cerebrovascular computed tomography images of human body and the image for calculation of boundary conditions are gathered；
2) scan image is post-processed, obtains cerebrovascular three-dimensional geometrical structure by rebuilding, and handle phase
Strengthen data, boundary information needed for extraction emulation；
3) pre-treatment, including smoothing processing, mesh generation and boundary condition are carried out to the cerebrovascular three-dimensional geometrical structure
Set；
4) fluid emulation method for solving is set, solves cerebrovascular three-dimensional geometrical structure haemodynamics information everywhere；
5) simulation result and measurement result are contrasted, adjustment simulation mathematical model and solution parameter, exports haemodynamics
The color cloud picture and haemodynamics characteristic parameter of information.
It is specific as follows in the step 4) by such scheme：The model includes entrance model, outlet model, vascular wall
Model and Blood Model；Wherein, entrance model is used for the entrance boundary condition for setting fluid mechanical emulation, and outlet model is used to set
The export boundary condition of fluid mechanical emulation is put, vascular wall model is used for the boundary condition for setting vascular wall, and Blood Model is used for
The haemodynamics model for meeting blood flow feature is set；Enter in each parameter to entrance, outlet, vascular wall and flow model
After row is set, then method for solving and the condition of convergence are configured, by solving partial differential equation, to the blood in each grid
Hydromechanics information is solved, so as to obtain haemodynamics information everywhere.
The beneficial effect comprise that：
1. the present invention takes the boundary condition that personalized flow velocity and data on flows emulate as cerebrovascular Fluid Mechanics Computation,
Avoid the deviation using simulation result caused by the boundary condition of empirical value or model pre-estimating.
2. the present invention is based entirely on iconography means, it may not be necessary to contrast agent is injected, it is convenient, noninvasive.
3. the present invention takes multiple characteristic parameters including cerebrovascular deposit fraction to be used as and assesses cerebrovascular reserve
The reference value of situation, it can more fully assess cerebrovascular reserve situation.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, in accompanying drawing：
Fig. 1 is the structure chart block diagram of the analogue system of the cerebrovascular reserve based on Fluid Mechanics Computation in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the Computerized three-dimensional tomography mechanism of cerebrovascular geometry；
Fig. 3 is the cerebrovascular three-dimensional reconstruction schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is that the cerebrovascular grid of the present invention and entrance divide schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is the color cloud picture of the pressure distribution obtained in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the emulation mode flow chart of steps in the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is not used to limit only to explain the present invention
The fixed present invention.
As shown in figure 1, the cerebrovascular reserve analogue system based on Fluid Mechanics Computation that the present embodiment provides includes,
Image data acquiring module, for gathering the computed tomography images of cerebrovascular geometry.In this implementation
In example, the computed tomography figure of magnetic resonance TOF-MRA MRI sequences collection head Cervical Vessels in 3.0T magnetic resonance is used
Picture, as shown in Figure 2.Described image data acquisition module is also increased using magnetic resonance Phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI) phase
The phase enhancing image of strong sequence acquisition cerebrovascular entrance, outlet and internal blood vessel section within a cardiac cycle.
Cerebrovascular three-dimensional reconstruction module, after original image is collected, first in cerebrovascular three-dimensional reconstruction module to 3D
TOF-MRA images carry out three-dimensional reconstruction, and the three-dimensional geometrical structure of user's cerebrovascular Willis rings is extracted using Boundary Recognition algorithm,
Intravascular plaque component that may be present is removed simultaneously, and weeds out that resolution ratio is relatively low, the unsharp tiny bifurcated artery of display
Blood vessel, as shown in Figure 3.
Meanwhile the boundary condition extraction module is also handled magnetic resonance phase strengthens view data, obtain required
Cerebrovascular entrance section flow velocity and flow information.
CFD pre-processing modules, the cerebrovascular Willis ring structures that the cerebrovascular three-dimensional reconstruction module obtains are entered first
Row smoothing processing, abnormal structural mutation that may be present and image artifacts are avoided to be influenceed to caused by simulation result, such as blood
The spike of pipe surface.The division of surface grids is carried out to the Willis rings after smooth again, network of triangle can be used in surface grids division
Lattice or quadrilateral mesh, blood vessel surface also more complicated to geometry is encrypted when dividing surface grids.Defining brain
Angioaccess and outlet, and blood vessel wall, finally using the tetrahedron of unstrutured mesh to the geometry knots of Willis rings
Structure carries out the division of volume mesh, it is desirable to which volume mesh is not more than 0.2mm, and mesh generation schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 4.
The CFD computing modules, first each parameter to entrance model, outlet model, vascular wall model and Blood Model
It is modeled and defines.Wherein, entrance model is used for the entrance boundary condition for setting fluid mechanical emulation.Outlet model is used to set
Put the export boundary condition of fluid mechanical emulation.Vascular wall model is used for the boundary condition for setting vascular wall.Blood Model is built
Vertical is to meet the haemodynamics model of blood flow feature to set.To entrance, outlet, vascular wall and flow model
After each parameter is configured, then method for solving and the condition of convergence are configured, by solving partial differential equation, to each net
Haemodynamics information in lattice is solved, so as to obtain haemodynamics information everywhere.
In the present embodiment, entrance model selection traffic ingress model, while input both sides internal carotid and vertebral artery
Entrance average discharge information, flow information is by the boundary condition extraction module by analyzing the magnetic resonance in a cardiac cycle
Phase enhancing image obtains.Entrance model can also select VPV model, and vascular pressure entrance model.
Outlet model can select analog circuit outlet border model, pressure export model, and one in flowexit model
Kind is a variety of.In the present embodiment, model selection pressure model is exported, outlet pressure is arranged to 0Pa.
Vascular wall model could be arranged to non-slip and sliding model, rigid plane model, unidirectional or two-way fluid structurecoupling
One or more in model.In the present embodiment, vascular wall model selection non-slip, rigid walls model.Blood Model can be with
Using laminar flow or turbulence model, compressible and incompressible fluid, newton and non-newtonian fluid.In most cases blood stream
Dynamic is laminar flow, only it is possible that turbulence model at lesion vesselses and vascular bifurcation.In the present embodiment, Blood Model
Select incompressible Newtonian liquid, density 1057kg/m3, viscosity 0.0035Pa.s.Blood flow meets three dimensional fluid
Motion control equation：
Wherein, equation (1) is fluid mass conservation equation, and equation (2) is fluid momentum conservation equation.
After mathematical modeling and model parameter is defined, it is also necessary to method for solving and the condition of convergence are configured, work as meter
When calculation converges to specified threshold, terminate emulation, haemodynamics simulation result can be obtained.
The CFD post-processing modules, the vascular cross-section flow velocity obtained first to emulation and flow information and magnetic resonance phase
The vascular cross-section flow velocity and flow information that enhancing sequence acquisition obtains are contrasted, when simulation result and actual measured results difference
When larger, by changing simulation model and model parameter, and Meshing Method, simulation result is finally caused to be surveyed close to actual
Measure result.Finally, hemodynamic data, including pressure, flow velocity, boundary shear stress are mapped to by the CFD post-processing modules
On cerebrovascular Willis ring three-dimensional geometrical structures, carry out color cloud picture and show, and output can assess a variety of of cerebrovascular reserve
Haemodynamics characteristic parameter, such as pressure-drop coefficient, the average shearing stress of blood flow reserve fraction, blood vessel mean flow rate and blood vessel wall
Deng realizing the qualitative assessment to cerebrovascular reserve.Color cloud picture is as shown in Figure 5.
Using above-mentioned cerebrovascular Fluid Mechanics Computation analogue system, cerebrovascular fluid mechanical emulation method can be obtained.
On the basis of said system, present invention also offers a kind of cerebrovascular reserve emulation mode based on Fluid Mechanics Computation, such as
Shown in Fig. 6,
Comprise the following steps：
S101：Obtain the cerebrovascular computed tomography images of human body.
When it is implemented, using CTA, 3D-TOF MRA or 3D-DSA to the cerebrovascular arteries part more than sustainer upper arm
It is scanned, obtains the cerebrovascular computed tomography images of human body.And specifically, it is preferable to ground uses magnetic resonance 3D TOF-MRA
The cerebrovascular computed tomography images of sequence pair human body are acquired, and realize that non-invasively cerebrovascular geometry extracts.
S201：The computed tomography images are post-processed, cerebrovascular three-dimensional geometry knot is obtained by rebuilding
Structure, and magnetic resonance phase enhancing image is handled, extract boundary information needed for fluid emulation.
When it is implemented, threshold value is preferably used, corrodes and rebuilds brain blood exactly with image segmentation algorithms such as region growings
Pipe three-dimensional geometrical structure, plaque component, aneurysm clip and tiny branch vessel that may be present in image are weeded out, only retain master
Cerebral artery vessel structure, including arteria cerebri anterior, arteria cerebri media, arteria cerebri posterior, neck inside/outside artery, vertebra/substrate is wanted to move
Arteries and veins, superficial temporal artery, front/rear arteria communicans.When it is implemented, it is main to the cerebrovascular that magnetic resonance phase enhancing image is preferably used
Entrance and exit carries out haemodynamics DATA REASONING, and sectional position is on the basis of vascular bifurcation position, above and below crotch
At 1cm, 2cm, 3cm and 5cm measure magnetic resonance phase enhancing image, and select suitable vascular cross-section as cerebrovascular entrance with
The position of outlet.Meanwhile by strengthening magnetic resonance phase the processing of image, will also it obtain the brain blood based on a cardiac cycle
Tube inlet and the flow rate information of outlet.
S301：Pre-treatment is carried out to the cerebrovascular three-dimensional geometrical structure, including smoothing processing, mesh generation and border are set
Put.
Specifically, due to there may be the out-of-flatness of the cerebrovascular three-dimensional geometrical structure during three-dimensional reconstruction, will influence to calculate stream
The convergence of mechanics emulation.When it is implemented, being smoothed first to cerebrovascular three-dimensional geometrical structure, smoothly there may be
Spike and the larger geometry of deformation；Then to after smoothing processing cerebrovascular three-dimensional geometrical structure carry out surface grids and
The division of volume mesh.Preferably, surface grids division uses triangle, and volume mesh division uses positive tetrahedron, to vascular bifurcation
Place carries out mesh refinement processing, finally defines angioaccess, outlet and vascular wall position.
S401:Fluid emulation method for solving is set, and solving the cerebrovascular three-dimensional geometrical structure, haemodynamics is believed everywhere
Breath.
Specifically, each parameter of cerebrovascular entrance model, outlet model, vascular wall model and Blood Model is carried out first
Modeling and definition.Preferably, cerebrovascular entrance model selection traffic ingress model, while input both sides internal carotid and vertebral artery
Average discharge information of the entrance within a cardiac cycle.Entrance model is also an option that flow-rate profile, pressure model and mould
Intend circuit model.Preferably, cerebrovascular outlet model selection pressure export model, is easy to simulation convergence, it is also an option that flow
Model, flow-rate profile and analog circuit model.Preferably, vascular wall selection ignores blood vessel deformation pair without sliding, rigid walls model
The influence that haemodynamics data band comes, reduce amount of calculation.When studying the diseases such as aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation, blood vessel is considered
Deformation, unidirectional or bidirectional couple vascular wall can be selected.Preferably, Blood Model selection laminar model or turbulence model,
The fluid dynamics information feature of blood is caught.
S501：Contrast simulation result and measurement result, adjustment simulation mathematical model and solution parameter, export haemodynamics
The color cloud picture and haemodynamics characteristic parameter of information.The vascular cross-section flow velocity and flow information and magnetic obtained first to emulation
The vascular cross-section flow velocity and flow information that resonance phase enhancing sequence acquisition obtains are contrasted, when simulation result measures with actual
When result difference is larger, by changing simulation model and model parameter, and Meshing Method, finally simulation result is connect
Nearly actual measured results.Hemodynamic data, including pressure, flow velocity, boundary shear stress are finally mapped to the cerebrovascular
On Willis ring three-dimensional geometrical structures, carry out color cloud picture and show, and export a variety of blood flows that can assess cerebrovascular reserve
Mechanical characteristics parameter, such as pressure-drop coefficient, blood flow reserve fraction, blood flow velocity average and peak value, blood flow mean flow rate and flow, and
The hemodynamic parameters such as the average shearing stress of blood vessel wall, realize the qualitative assessment to cerebrovascular reserve.
It should be appreciated that for those of ordinary skills, can according to the above description be improved or converted,
And all these modifications and variations should all belong to the protection domain of appended claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
- A kind of 1. cerebrovascular reserve analogue system based on Fluid Mechanics Computation, it is characterised in that including：Image data acquiring module, for gathering the computed tomography images needed for reconstruction cerebrovascular three-dimensional geometrical structure, Including CTA, MRA and 3D-DSA data；Described image data acquisition module is additionally operable to the side that collection calculates cerebrovascular three-dimensional structure Image needed for boundary's data；Cerebrovascular three-dimensional reconstruction module, the computed tomography images for being gathered to image data acquiring module carry out three-dimensional Rebuild, obtain cerebrovascular three-dimensional geometrical structure；Boundary condition extraction module, by being post-processed to the original phase strengthens view data collected, extraction fluid is imitated Very required boundary condition information, the boundary condition information include flow velocity, the flow information of cerebrovascular entrance and exit；CFD pre-processing modules, the cerebrovascular three-dimensional geometrical structure for being obtained to cerebrovascular three-dimensional reconstruction module carry out numerical value and imitated Very preceding required pre-treatment, the pre-treatment include：Cerebrovascular three-dimensional geometrical structure smoothing processing, surface grids and volume mesh are drawn Point and emulation needed for entrance, outlet set, vascular wall set；CFD computing modules, method for solving is set to the fluid mechanical emulation process for building model, it is three-dimensional to solve the cerebrovascular The haemodynamics information of geometry everywhere；The model includes entrance model, outlet model, vascular wall model and blood mould Type；Wherein, entrance model is used for the entrance boundary condition for setting fluid mechanical emulation, and outlet model is used to set hydrodynamics to imitate Genuine export boundary condition, vascular wall model are used for the boundary condition for setting vascular wall, and Blood Model meets blood for setting The haemodynamics model of flow feature；CFD post-processing modules, for the CFD computing modules to be solved into obtained haemodynamics data and actually measured number According to being contrasted, for instructing adjustment simulation mathematical model and solving parameter, when simulation result and actually measured result approach When, export final haemodynamics data, including intravascular pressure, blood vessel wall shear stress, the three-dimensional colour of velocity of blood flow Cloud atlas, and for characterizing the haemodynamics characteristic parameter of cerebrovascular reserve, including pressure-drop coefficient, blood vessel deposit fraction, Blood flow velocity average and peak value, blood flow mean flow rate and flow, and the hemodynamic parameter such as average shearing stress of blood vessel wall, it is real Now to the qualitative assessment of cerebrovascular reserve.
- 2. the cerebrovascular reserve analogue system according to claim 1 based on Fluid Mechanics Computation, it is characterised in that institute State and be used to gather the computed tomography images tool rebuild needed for cerebrovascular three-dimensional geometrical structure in image data acquiring module Body be using CTA, 3D-TOF MRA, 3D-PC MRA, 3D fast acquisition interleaved spin echos or 3D-DSA to the sustainer upper arm more than Cerebrovascular arteries part is scanned, and obtains the cerebrovascular computed tomography images of human body.
- 3. a kind of cerebrovascular reserve emulation mode based on Fluid Mechanics Computation, comprises the following steps:1) the cerebrovascular computed tomography images of human body and the image for calculation of boundary conditions are gathered；2) reconstruction processing is carried out to the scan image, cerebrovascular three-dimensional geometrical structure is obtained by rebuilding, and handle phase increasing Strong data, boundary information needed for extraction emulation；3) pre-treatment is carried out to the cerebrovascular three-dimensional geometrical structure, including smoothing processing, mesh generation and boundary condition are set；4) build model and fluid emulation method for solving is set, solving the cerebrovascular three-dimensional geometrical structure, haemodynamics is believed everywhere Breath；5) simulation result and measurement result are contrasted, adjustment simulation mathematical model and solution parameter, exports haemodynamics information Color cloud picture and haemodynamics characteristic parameter.
- 4. the cerebrovascular reserve emulation mode according to claim 1 based on Fluid Mechanics Computation, it is characterised in that institute State specific as follows in step 4)：The model includes entrance model, outlet model, vascular wall model and Blood Model；Wherein, enter Mouth mold type is used for the entrance boundary condition for setting fluid mechanical emulation, and outlet model is used for the outlet side for setting fluid mechanical emulation Boundary's condition, vascular wall model are used for the boundary condition for setting vascular wall, and Blood Model, which is used to set, meets blood flow feature Haemodynamics model；After being configured to each parameter of entrance, outlet, vascular wall and flow model, then to method for solving It is configured with the condition of convergence, by solving partial differential equation, the haemodynamics information in each grid is solved, So as to obtain haemodynamics information everywhere.
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