CN107475607A - One kind is used for low-alloy sub-eutectoid steel heat treatment method after forging - Google Patents
One kind is used for low-alloy sub-eutectoid steel heat treatment method after forging Download PDFInfo
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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Abstract
The present invention relates to one kind to be used for low-alloy sub-eutectoid steel heat treatment method after forging, and process route is：Electric furnace smelting-LF refining-Fruit storage（VD）- static ingot-hot sending Heating Steel Ingots-forging-heat treatment after forging.Wherein, the heat treatment after forging stage：First stage air cooling, cooling rate are 12 DEG C/S, control forging temperature be 810 880 DEG C between；Second stage rapid cooling, fast cooling is carried out to forging using blower fan and water smoke, cooling rate is 20 40 DEG C/S, after control forging surface temperature is down to 200 650 DEG C, enter burial pit and carry out self tempering and burial pit not timing heating benefit temperature progress temper using forging center portion waste heat, tempering coefficient is 2.0 4.0.The present invention uses " two sections of cooling+tempering " technique, reduces similar steel using the process for reheating normalizing+tempering, with short production cycle, cost is low, improves production efficiency, saves production cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to one kind to be used for low-alloy sub-eutectoid steel heat treatment method after forging, belongs to the processing of low-alloy sub-eutectoid steel
Technical field.
Background technology
With developing rapidly for China's machine industry, the demand of forging quality steel is increasing, and requires increasingly
Strictly, but with the horizontal raising of steel-making, these requirements can meet requirement by forging deformation, and to it is follow-up it is hot at
Science and engineering sequence is less demanding, traditional Technology for Heating Processing be by normalizing add temper reach required grain size, tissue and
The requirements such as hardness, this technique is time-consuming and arduously takes a lot of work, and while influenceing yield and adds cost.
The content of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the invention provides one kind to be used for low-alloy sub-eutectoid steel heat treatment method after forging, the present invention
Using waste heat rapid cooling normalized treatment after forging, waste heat auxiliary heating tempering is recycled, energy resource consumption and reduction production can be greatly reduced
Cycle.Technical scheme is as follows：
Process route：Electric furnace smelting-LF refining-Fruit storage（VD）- static ingot-hot sending Heating Steel Ingots-forging
Make-heat treatment after forging.
Specific implementation step：
（1）Electric furnace smelting：Low-alloy sub-eutectoid steel is that carbon content is less than 0.77%, and P≤0.020%, S≤0.005%, H≤
2.0PPM, N≤90PPM, surplus are the sub-eutectoid steel of Fe and inevitable impurity；, it is preferred that low-alloy sub-eutectoid steel is selected from
Carbon content is less than 0.77%, and P≤0.020%, S≤0.005%, H≤2.0PPM, N≤90PPM, and surplus is Fe and can not kept away
Carbon steel, structural alloy steel or the tool steel for the impurity exempted from；
（2）LF refining：The soft blow time is 15-20 minutes；
（3）Molding：It is 3.2-3.4 tons minutes that ingot body, which pours fast scope, and it is 0.9-1.4 tons minutes that rising head, which pours fast scope, to ensure
Ingot body quality and riser feeding；Preferably, it is 3.3 tons minutes that ingot body, which pours fast scope, and it is 1.0 tons minutes that rising head, which pours fast scope,.
（4）Heating Steel Ingots：It is heat-fed steel ingot shove charge more than 500 DEG C, programming rate≤150 DEG C/h, heating-up temperature 1180-
1250 DEG C, the heating and thermal insulation time is incubated by 4-6min/cm；Ensure that steel ingot has good plasticity and relatively low during forging
Resistance of deformation.
（5）Forging：Steel ingot is carried out using press to forge deformation, large deformation is completed 900-1250 DEG C of high-temperature region,
800-900 DEG C of progress finishing, final forging temperature is more than different steel grade Ac3 temperature.
（6）Heat treatment after forging：First stage air cooling, cooling rate are 1-2 DEG C/S, control forging temperature be 810-880 DEG C between；
Second stage rapid cooling, fast cooling is carried out to forging using blower fan and water smoke, cooling rate is 20-40 DEG C/S, controls forging table
After face temperature is down to 200-650 DEG C, enters burial pit and carry out self tempering and burial pit not timing heating benefit using forging center portion waste heat
Temperature carries out temper, and tempering coefficient is 2.0-4.0, can be come out of the stove when forging temperature≤150 DEG C.
Further, the step（1）The chemical composition content of middle low-alloy sub-eutectoid steel is as follows：
Carbon steel：C：0.49%th, Si：0.22%th, Mn：0.66%th, P：0.005%th, S：0.002%th, Cu：0.069%th, Ni:
0.033%th, Cr：0.075%th, Mo：0.20%th, V：0.009%th, Ti:0.004%th, Al：0.014%th, O：25PPM、N：41PPM、
H：1.3PPM, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity；
Structural alloy steel：C：0.41%th, Si：0.25%th, Mn：0.66%th, P：0.007%th, S：0.002%th, Cu：0.03%th, Ni:
0.05%th, Cr：1.05%th, Mo：0.20%th, V：0.009%th, Ti:0.004%th, Al：0.022%th, O：22PPM、N：36PPM、H：
1.4PPM, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity；
Tool steel：C：0.37%th, Si：0.46%th, Mn：1.52%th, P：0.007%th, S：0.001%th, Cu：0.027%th, Ni:
0.43%th, Cr：1.95%th, Mo：0.37%th, V：0.009%th, Ti:0.004%th, Al：0.014%th, O：28PPM、N：37PPM、H：
1.0PPM, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity.
The step（4）Middle Heating Steel Ingots：Steel ingot shove charge more than 500 DEG C is heat-fed, programming rate is 160 DEG C/h, heating
Temperature is 1200 DEG C；The heating and thermal insulation time is incubated by 5min/cm.
The step（6）In, first stage air cooling, cooling rate is 2 DEG C/S, control forging temperature be 810-850 DEG C between；The
Two-stage rapid cooling, fast cooling is carried out to forging using blower fan and water smoke, cooling rate is 30 DEG C/S, controls forging surface temperature
It is down to 500-650 DEG C；Enter burial pit to be returned using forging center portion waste heat progress self tempering and burial pit not timing heating benefit temperature
Fire processing, tempering coefficient is 2.5, can be come out of the stove when forging temperature≤150 DEG C.
The present invention has advantages below compared with prior art：
1st, the present invention uses sub-sectional cooling, ensures that air cooling can form a certain amount of polygonal ferrite tissue in the first stage, the
Two-stage obtains certain bainite structure using the mode of blower fan atomized water spray rapid cooling；
2nd, selection is tempered at 200-650 DEG C in the present invention, ensures that a certain amount of ferrite and bainite structure ensure that well
Plasticity and toughness also ensure that intensity, and be easy to cut with workhardness；
3rd, " two sections of cooling+tempering " technique is used in the present invention, reduces similar steel using the work for reheating normalizing+tempering
Sequence, with short production cycle, cost is low, improves production efficiency, saves production cost.
Embodiment
The invention will now be further described with reference to specific embodiments, advantages of the present invention and feature will be with description and
It is apparent.But embodiment is only exemplary, does not form any restrictions to the scope of the present invention.Those skilled in the art should
It should be appreciated that the details and form of technical solution of the present invention can be repaiied without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention
Change or replace, but these modifications and replacement are each fallen within protection scope of the present invention.
Process route is in following examples：Electric furnace smelting-LF refining-Fruit storage（VD）- static ingot-
It is heat-fed Heating Steel Ingots-forging-heat treatment after forging.
Embodiment 1 is a kind of to be used for low-alloy sub-eutectoid steel heat treatment method after forging
Specific implementation step：
（1）Electric furnace smelting：The chemical composition content of low-alloy structural steel is as follows：
C：0.49%th, Si：0.22%th, Mn：0.66%th, P：0.005%th, S：0.002%th, Cu：0.069%th, Ni:0.033%th,
Cr：0.075%th, Mo：0.20%th, V：0.009%th, Ti:0.004%th, Al：0.014%th, O：25PPM、N：41PPM、H：
1.3PPM, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity；
（2）LF refining：The soft blow time is 20 minutes；
（3）Speed is poured in strict control, and ingot body pours the fast tons minute of position 3.3, and it is 1.0 tons minutes that rising head, which pours speed, guarantee ingot body quality and
Riser feeding；
（4）Heating Steel Ingots：Steel ingot shove charge more than 500 DEG C, 160 DEG C/h of programming rate are heat-fed, heating-up temperature is 1250 DEG C, heating
Soaking time is incubated by 5min/cm；Ensure that steel ingot has good plasticity and relatively low resistance of deformation during forging；
（5）Forging：Steel ingot is carried out using press to forge deformation, large deformation is completed 900-1250 DEG C of high-temperature region, in 800-900
DEG C carry out finishing, final forging temperature is more than different steel grade Ac3 temperature；
（6）Heat treatment after forging：First stage air cooling, cooling rate are 2 DEG C/S, control forging temperature be 810-850 DEG C between；Second-order
Duan Kuaileng, fast cooling is carried out to forging using blower fan and water smoke, cooling rate is 30 DEG C/S, and control forging surface temperature is down to
After 500-650 DEG C, enter burial pit and be tempered using forging center portion waste heat progress self tempering and burial pit not timing heating benefit temperature
Processing, tempering coefficient is 2.0, can be come out of the stove when forging temperature≤150 DEG C.
After testing, 5 grades of the carbon steel body grain size that the present embodiment obtains, forging case hardness 234H, flaw detection meet
The requirement of SEP1921-84 C/c levels.
Embodiment 2 is a kind of to be used for low-alloy sub-eutectoid steel heat treatment method after forging
Specific implementation step：
（1）Electric furnace smelting：The chemical composition content of low-alloy sub-eutectoid steel is as follows：
C：0.41%th, Si：0.25%th, Mn：0.66%th, P：0.007%th, S：0.002%th, Cu：0.03%th, Ni:0.05%th, Cr：
1.05%th, Mo：0.20%th, V：0.009%th, Ti:0.004%th, Al：0.022%th, O：22PPM、N：36PPM、H：1.4PPM, its
Remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity；
（2）LF refining：The soft blow time is 18 minutes；
（3）Molding：It is 3.2 tons minutes that ingot body, which pours fast scope, and it is 1.2 tons minutes that rising head, which pours fast scope,；
（4）Heating Steel Ingots：Steel ingot shove charge more than 500 DEG C, 150 DEG C/h of programming rate are heat-fed, heating-up temperature is 1190 DEG C, heating
Soaking time is incubated by 4min/cm；Ensure that steel ingot has good plasticity and relatively low resistance of deformation during forging；
（5）Forging：Steel ingot is carried out using press to forge deformation, large deformation is completed 900-1250 DEG C of high-temperature region, in 800-900
DEG C carry out finishing, final forging temperature is more than different steel grade Ac3 temperature；
（6）Heat treatment after forging：First stage air cooling, cooling rate are 1 DEG C/S, control forging temperature be 810-850 DEG C between；Second-order
Duan Kuaileng, fast cooling is carried out to forging using blower fan and water smoke, cooling rate is 23 DEG C/S, and control forging surface temperature is down to
After 500-650 DEG C, enter burial pit and be tempered using forging center portion waste heat progress self tempering and burial pit not timing heating benefit temperature
Processing, tempering coefficient is 2.5, can be come out of the stove when forging temperature≤150 DEG C.
After testing, the structural alloy steel tensile strength Rm that the present embodiment obtains：1093MPa, yield strength Rp：1034th, break
Elongation A afterwards：17.5th, contraction percentage of area Z：50th, normal temperature ballistic work J：80-75-85；Forging circle body hardness 256HB.
Embodiment 3 is a kind of to be used for low-alloy sub-eutectoid steel heat treatment method after forging
Specific implementation step：
（1）Electric furnace smelting：The chemical composition content of low-alloy sub-eutectoid steel is as follows：
C：0.37%th, Si：0.46%th, Mn：1.52%th, P：0.007%th, S：0.001%th, Cu：0.027%th, Ni:0.43%th, Cr：
1.95%th, Mo：0.37%th, V：0.009%th, Ti:0.004%th, Al：0.014%th, O：28PPM、N：37PPM、H：1.0PPM, its
Remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity；
（2）LF refining：The soft blow time is 20 minutes；
（3）Molding：It is 3.4 tons minutes that ingot body, which pours fast scope, and it is 1.4 tons minutes that rising head, which pours fast scope,；
（4）Heating Steel Ingots：Steel ingot shove charge more than 500 DEG C, 170 DEG C/h of programming rate are heat-fed, heating-up temperature is 1250 DEG C, heating
Soaking time is incubated by 6min/cm；Ensure that steel ingot has good plasticity and relatively low resistance of deformation during forging；
（5）Forging：Steel ingot is carried out using press to forge deformation, large deformation is completed 900-1250 DEG C of high-temperature region, in 800-900
DEG C carry out finishing, final forging temperature is more than different steel grade Ac3 temperature；
（6）Heat treatment after forging：First stage air cooling, cooling rate are 2 DEG C/S, control forging temperature be 850-880 DEG C between；Second-order
Duan Kuaileng, fast cooling is carried out to forging using blower fan and water smoke, cooling rate is 40 DEG C/S, and control forging surface temperature is down to
After 200-250 DEG C, enter annealing furnace temper, 520-530 DEG C of tempering of design temperature, tempering coefficient is 4, treat forging temperature≤
It can be come out of the stove at 150 DEG C.
After testing, the tool steel that the present embodiment obtains：6.5 grades of forging autstenitic grain size, forging case hardness 30.1,
30.9th, 31.0,32HRC, core rigidities 28.7HRC；Case hardness 28-32HRC.
Claims (9)
1. one kind is used for low-alloy sub-eutectoid steel heat treatment method after forging, it is characterised in that the technique road of the heat treatment method
Line is as follows：
Electric furnace smelting-LF refining-Fruit storage（VD）It is hot after-static ingot-hot sending Heating Steel Ingots-forging-forging
Processing.
2. processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that specific implementation step is as follows：
（1）Electric furnace smelting：Low-alloy sub-eutectoid steel is that carbon content is less than 0.77%, and P≤0.020%, S≤0.005%, H≤
2.0PPM, N≤90PPM, surplus are the sub-eutectoid steel of Fe and inevitable impurity；
（2）LF refining：The soft blow time is 15-20 minutes；
（3）Molding：It is 3.2-3.4 tons minutes that ingot body, which pours fast scope, and it is 0.9-1.4 tons minutes that rising head, which pours fast scope,；
（4）Heating Steel Ingots：It is heat-fed steel ingot shove charge more than 500 DEG C, programming rate≤150 DEG C/h, heating-up temperature 1180-1250
DEG C, the heating and thermal insulation time is incubated by 4-6min/cm；Ensure that steel ingot has good plasticity and relatively low change during forging
Shape drag；
（5）Forging：Steel ingot is carried out using press to forge deformation, large deformation is completed 900-1250 DEG C of high-temperature region, in 800-900
DEG C carry out finishing, final forging temperature is more than different steel grade Ac3 temperature；
（6）Heat treatment after forging：First stage air cooling, cooling rate are 1-2 DEG C/S, control forging temperature be 810-880 DEG C between；Second
Stage rapid cooling, fast cooling is carried out to forging using blower fan and water smoke, cooling rate is 20-40 DEG C/S, control forging surface temperature
After degree is down to 200-650 DEG C, enters burial pit and entered using forging center portion waste heat progress self tempering and burial pit not timing heating benefit temperature
Row temper, tempering coefficient are 2.0-4.0, can be come out of the stove when forging temperature≤150 DEG C.
3. processing method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the step（1）Middle low-alloy sub-eutectoid steel is selected from
Carbon content is less than 0.77%, and P≤0.020%, S≤0.005%, H≤2.0PPM, N≤90PPM, and surplus is Fe and can not kept away
Carbon steel, structural alloy steel or the tool steel for the impurity exempted from.
4. processing method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the step（1）Middle low-alloy sub-eutectoid steel carbon steel
Chemical composition content it is as follows：
C：0.49%th, Si：0.22%th, Mn：0.66%th, P：0.005%th, S：0.002%th, Cu：0.069%th, Ni:0.033%th,
Cr：0.075%th, Mo：0.20%th, V：0.009%th, Ti:0.004%th, Al：0.014%th, O：25PPM、N：41PPM、H：
1.3PPM, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity.
5. processing method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the step（1）Middle low-alloy sub-eutectoid steel alloy
The chemical composition content of structural steel is as follows：
C：0.41%th, Si：0.25%th, Mn：0.66%th, P：0.007%th, S：0.002%th, Cu：0.03%th, Ni:0.05%th, Cr：
1.05%th, Mo：0.20%th, V：0.009%th, Ti:0.004%th, Al：0.022%th, O：22PPM、N：36PPM、H：1.4PPM, its
Remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity.
6. processing method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the step（1）Middle low-alloy sub-eutectoid steel instrument
The chemical composition content of steel is as follows：
C：0.37%th, Si：0.46%th, Mn：1.52%th, P：0.007%th, S：0.001%th, Cu：0.027%th, Ni:0.43%th,
Cr：1.95%th, Mo：0.37%th, V：0.009%th, Ti:0.004%th, Al：0.014%th, O：28PPM、N：37PPM、H：1.0PPM
Remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity.
7. processing method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the chemical composition content of carbon steel is：
C：0.49%th, Si：0.22%th, Mn：0.66%th, P：0.005%th, S：0.002%th, Cu：0.069%th, Ni:0.033%th,
Cr：0.075%th, Mo：0.20%th, V：0.009%th, Ti:0.004%th, Al：0.014%th, O：25PPM、N：41PPM、H：
1.3PPM, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity；
The step（2）The middle soft blow time is 20 minutes；
The step（3）It is 3.3 tons minutes that middle ingot body, which pours fast scope, and it is 1.0 tons minutes that rising head, which pours fast scope,；
The step（4）Middle Heating Steel Ingots：Steel ingot shove charge more than 500 DEG C is heat-fed, programming rate is 160 DEG C/h, heating-up temperature
For 1250 DEG C, the heating and thermal insulation time is incubated by 5min/cm；
The step（6）In, first stage air cooling, cooling rate is 2 DEG C/S, control forging temperature be 810-850 DEG C between；Second-order
Duan Kuaileng, fast cooling is carried out to forging using blower fan and water smoke, cooling rate is 30 DEG C/S, and control forging surface temperature is down to
500-650℃；It is 2.0 to be tempered coefficient.
8. processing method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the chemical composition content of structural alloy steel is as follows：
C：0.41%th, Si：0.25%th, Mn：0.66%th, P：0.007%th, S：0.002%th, Cu：0.03%th, Ni:0.05%th, Cr：
1.05%th, Mo：0.20%th, V：0.009%th, Ti:0.004%th, Al：0.022%th, O：22PPM、N：36PPM、H：1.4PPM, its
Remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity；
The step（2）The middle soft blow time is 18 minutes；
The step（3）It is 3.2 tons minutes that middle ingot body, which pours fast scope, and it is 1.2 tons minutes that rising head, which pours fast scope,；
The step（4）Middle Heating Steel Ingots：Steel ingot shove charge more than 500 DEG C is heat-fed, programming rate is 150 DEG C/h, heating-up temperature
For 1190 DEG C, the heating and thermal insulation time is incubated by 4min/cm；
The step（6）In, first stage air cooling, cooling rate is 1 DEG C/S, control forging temperature be 810-850 DEG C between；Second-order
Duan Kuaileng, fast cooling is carried out to forging using blower fan and water smoke, cooling rate is 23 DEG C/S, and control forging surface temperature is down to
500-650℃；It is 2.5 to be tempered coefficient.
9. processing method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the chemical composition content of tool steel is as follows：
C：0.37%th, Si：0.46%th, Mn：1.52%th, P：0.007%th, S：0.001%th, Cu：0.027%th, Ni:0.43%th,
Cr：1.95%th, Mo：0.37%th, V：0.009%th, Ti:0.004%th, Al：0.014%th, O：28PPM、N：37PPM、H：1.0PPM
Remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity；
The step（2）The middle soft blow time is 20 minutes；
The step（3）It is 3.4 tons minutes that middle ingot body, which pours fast scope, and it is 1.4 tons minutes that rising head, which pours fast scope,；
The step（4）Middle Heating Steel Ingots：Steel ingot shove charge more than 500 DEG C is heat-fed, programming rate is 170 DEG C/h, heating-up temperature
For 12500 DEG C, the heating and thermal insulation time is incubated by 6min/cm；
The step（6）In, first stage air cooling, cooling rate is 2 DEG C/S, control forging temperature be 850-880 DEG C between；Second-order
Duan Kuaileng, fast cooling is carried out to forging using blower fan and water smoke, cooling rate is 40 DEG C/S, and control forging surface temperature is down to
200-250℃；It is 4 to be tempered coefficient.
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