CN1074738A

CN1074738A - Stepless speed variator

Info

Publication number: CN1074738A
Application number: CN 92100351
Authority: CN
Inventors: 颛清平
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1992-01-21
Filing date: 1992-01-21
Publication date: 1993-07-28

Abstract

The stepless speed variator of two kinds of structural types, but the mechanical fricting stepless transmission of on-stream continuous stepless speed governing belonged to, comprise wheel for inputting, orbit ring, speed ring and output shaft thereof, circular cone wheels and retainer thereof, be coaxial line input, output.Utilization planetary gear train and rolling friction transmission principle with circular cone crop rotation planet wheel, are realized the stepless speed regulation of output wheel by the axial position that changes speed ring.This type speed changer has very wide scheduling scope, and zero rotating speed and big torque output are arranged, and can carry out constant-power speed regulation, is easy to realize automatic control, is applicable to the stepless speed regulation of middle low power.Its gear ratio is

Description

Stepless speed variator

The present invention is a stepless speed variator, but belongs to the mechanical fricting stepless transmission of on-stream continuous stepless speed governing, is applicable to the transmission of middle low power.

Different with general mode of speed regulation, the present invention uses planetary gear train and rolling friction transmission principle, with circular cone crop rotation planet wheel, by changing the axial position of speed ring, realizes the stepless speed regulation of output shaft.

The stepless change scheme that the present invention is intended to propose is simple in structure, reliable, have zero rotating speed and big torque output, can carry out constant-power speed regulation, thereby the stepless speed variator that makes middle low power is easy to design, manufacturing and working service, is used widely in relevant field.

Summary of the invention:

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, this drive train is a 3K type planetary gear train.Among the figure: 1 for wheel for inputting, be central gear K ₁; 2 is orbit ring, i.e. central gear K ₂; 3 is speed ring, i.e. central gear K ₃; 4 is conical wheel (group), makes planet wheel; 5 is the cone pulley retainer; 6 is the input shaft that connects with 1; 7 is the output shaft that connects with 8.

1. feature

The revolution axis of the geometric center lines of wheel for inputting, orbit ring, speed ring and output shaft thereof and cone pulley retainer or rotational axis and conical wheel is same straight line, is called main axis.Rotatablely moving passes to the circular cone wheels from wheel for inputting, and in train, circular cone crop rotation planet wheel is symmetrically distributed on the cone pulley retainer for a plurality of, and each wheel all is parallel to main axis with respect to the outer surface bus of main axis; The cone pulley retainer is made tie-rod, in installation, debugging with in service conical wheel is carried out position regulation and constraint; Orbit ring and frame link, and can not rotate, and at mechanism's support conical wheel in service, it are turned round around orbit ring, are the rotary track of conical wheel; Speed ring passes to output shaft rotatablely moving, and can do parallel to an axis and move, thereby obtain different rotating speeds; Output shaft connects with speed ring, can produce axial slide relative with speed ring, can not relatively rotate, and the output that rotatablely moves of speed ring, realizes stepless speed regulation; Wheel for inputting, orbit ring and speed ring, they with conical wheel between be and contact and the rolling friction transmission.

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the effective radius R of wheel for inputting, orbit ring and speed ring ₁, R ₂, R ₃Increase successively.The conical wheel point of contact radius R that contacts with speed ring ₄₃Maximum value R _43maxGreater than the conical wheel point of contact radius R that contacts with orbit ring ₄₂; The circular cone wheel face that contacts with orbit ring is ring-type indent conical surface or ring plain, and the circular cone wheel face that contacts with speed ring is an outer conical surface, and above-mentioned inner conical surface drift angle is greater than the male cone (strobilus masculinus) drift angle, and when the inner conical surface drift angle was 180 °, this face was ring plain; The orbit ring surface that contacts with conical wheel is the ring-type convex globoidal; With perimeter surface in the speed ring that conical wheel contacts is the ring-type convex globoidal.

In Fig. 1, the conical wheel point of contact radius R that contacts with wheel for inputting ₄₁Less than the conical wheel point of contact radius R that contacts with orbit ring ₄₂, two corresponding surface of contact of wheel for inputting and conical wheel are respectively ring-type convex globoidal and ring-type concave arc surface.

In Fig. 2, the conical wheel point of contact radius R that contacts with wheel for inputting ₄₁Greater than the conical wheel point of contact radius R that contacts with orbit ring ₄₂, two corresponding surface of contact of wheel for inputting and conical wheel are respectively ring-type concave arc surface and ring-type convex globoidal.

2. speed change analysis

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, represent that with arrow certain takes turns the peripheral velocity direction of viewable side, R ₁, R ₂And R ₃Be respectively the effective radius of wheel for inputting, output wheel and speed ring; R ₄₁, R ₄₂And R ₄₃Be respectively the conical wheel point of contact radius that contacts with wheel for inputting, output wheel and speed ring.From the output terminal direction, when wheel for inputting when counterclockwise rotating, wheel for inputting drives conical wheel and rolls around orbit ring, i.e. circular cone crop rotation is around the spinning motion of self axis with around the revolution motion of main axis.Speed ring produces corresponding rotation fortune and passes to output shaft under the effect of circular cone wheels.The axial position of change speed ring is realized stepless speed regulation.Output terminal turns to identical with input end.

This train gear ratio is

R= (n ₂)/(n ₁) =- (R ₁)/(R ₃) · (R ₃R ₄₂-R ₂R ₄₃)/(R ₁R ₄₂+R ₂R ₄₁)

Output speed is

n ₂= (R ₁)/(R ₃) · (R ₃R ₄₂-R ₂R ₄₃)/(R ₁R ₄₂+R ₂R ₄₁) ·n ₁

In the formula: n ₁Be the wheel for inputting rotating speed.

R ₄₃Be Variable quantity, its excursion is 0～(R ₃)/(R ₂) R ₄₂, when

R ₄₃→ 0 o'clock, R → (R ₁R ₄₂)/(R ₁R ₄₂+ R ₂R ₄₁), n ₂→-(R ₁R ₄₂)/(R ₁R ₄₂+ R ₂R ₄₁) n ₁

R ₄₃→-(R ₃)/(R ₂) R ₄₂The time, R → 0, n ₂→ 0, at this moment, mechanism may produce self-locking.

Analyze as can be known, the absolute value of gear ratio and output speed is with R ₄₃Increase and reduce, with R ₄₃Reduce and increase, its excursion is respectively (R ₁R ₄₂)/(R ₁R ₄₂+ R ₂R ₄₁)～0 and (R ₁R ₄₂)/(R ₁R ₄₂+ R ₂R ₄₁) N ₁～0.Can guarantee very wide speed adjustable range in theory.

3. output characteristics

With mechanism shown in Figure 1 is that example is carried out force analysis, and Fig. 3 is its force analysis figure.F among the figure ₁, F ₂And F ₃Be respectively the contact counter-force of conical wheel to wheel for inputting, orbit ring and speed ring.As seen, work as F ₁One regularly, F ₃/ F ₁And F ₃With R ₄₃Increase and increase, with R ₄₃Reduce and reduce.

If part material performance etc. satisfies the bearing capacity requirement, energy consumption is disregarded, and under certain friction factor, according to principle of conservation of energy, works as R ₄₃Hour, output speed is higher, and the maximum load torque that output shaft can bear is less, in requisition for less circumference frictional force with contact counter-force F ₃; In like manner, work as R ₄₃When big, output speed is lower, in requisition for bigger contact counter-force F ₃And discuss as can be known by epimere, this mechanism just can satisfy this and change requirement, that is: if F ₁Necessarily, work as R ₄₃Hour, F ₃/ F ₁Less, F ₃Get smaller value; Work as R ₄₃When big, F ₃/ F ₁Bigger, F ₃Get higher value.Like this, when factors such as part material performance met the demands, permanent power transmission can be done by this mechanism in certain power range.Consider the energy consumption that is caused by sliding friction etc. in the real-world operation, this permanent power transmission has certain approximation.

Work as R ₄₃→ (R ₃)/(R ₂) R ₄₂The time, output speed n ₂→ 0, by principle of conservation of energy, disregard energy consumption, the maximum load torque that output shaft can bear is answered → ∞.But part material performance at this moment and friction factor etc. have just constituted decisive restraining factors, the torque that can only transmit a maximum, i.e. breakdown torque T _Max

Equally, can similarly analyze, can draw identical output characteristics result mechanism shown in Figure 2.

Output characteristic curve as shown in Figure 4.

Compare with the existing mechanical Variable Speed Technology, adopt stepless speed variator of the present invention that very wide speed adjustable range is arranged, zero rotating speed and big torque output are arranged, and can carry out constant-power speed regulation; Carry out speed governing by the axial translation control mechanism, can be in operation process adjust at any time, simple and convenient; Be easy to realize automatic control; Simple in structure, compact, volume is little, can be used for various middle low power speed governing occasions; Because material, manufacturing and related factors influence such as lubricated should not be used for the high-power speed-adjusting occasion.

Fig. 5 implements a scheme of the present invention.1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7 same Fig. 1 among the figure, 8 is the contact pressure controlling mechanism, 9 is handle.Power passes to wheel for inputting by input shaft, and wheel for inputting drives conical wheel and rolls around orbit ring, and the speed ring generation rotatablely moves accordingly and passes to output shaft.Pull handle, make speed ring produce axial translation, thereby realize the stepless speed regulation of output shaft.

Enforcement the present invention should also be noted that:

1. select proper lubrication oils to make traction fluid, guarantee between each point contact movement pair to be traction transmission, elastohydrodynamic lubrication, be beneficial to slow down wearing and tearing, improve transmission efficiency and working life.

2. according to actual requirement, it is adjustable to guarantee that relevant contact force is designed to.

3. for adapting to different usage requirements, the axial translation mechanism of speed ring can be designed to manually or control automatically.

4. design the time is selected speed adjustable range according to actual needs, and the self-locking problem that may occur when avoiding low speed output.

Claims

1, the stepless speed variator of two kinds of structural types, according to planetary gear train and the design of rolling friction transmission principle, but be the mechanical fricting stepless transmission of on-stream continuous stepless speed governing, it is characterized in that: comprise wheel for inputting, orbit ring, speed ring and output shaft thereof, circular cone wheels and retainer thereof; The revolution axis of the geometrical center of wheel for inputting, orbit ring, speed ring and output shaft thereof and cone pulley retainer or rotational axis and conical wheel is same straight line, is called main axis; In train, circular cone crop rotation planet wheel is symmetrically distributed on the cone pulley retainer for a plurality of, and each wheel all is parallel to main axis with respect to the outer surface bus of main axis; The cone pulley retainer is made tie-rod, in installation, debugging with in service conical wheel is carried out position regulation and constraint; Orbit ring and frame link, and can not rotate, and conical wheel turns round around it, are the rotary track of conical wheel; Speed ring passes to output shaft rotatablely moving, and can do parallel to an axis and move, thereby obtain different rotating speeds; Output shaft connects with speed ring, can produce axial slide relative with speed ring, can not relatively rotate, and the output that rotatablely moves of speed ring, realizes stepless speed regulation; Wheel for inputting, orbit ring and speed ring, they with conical wheel between be and contact and the rolling friction transmission.

2, by the stepless speed variator of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the effective radius of wheel for inputting, orbit ring, speed ring increases successively, and the maximum value of the conical wheel point of contact radius that contacts with speed ring is greater than the conical wheel point of contact radius that contacts with orbit ring; The circular cone wheel face that contacts with orbit ring is ring-type indent conical surface or ring plain, and the circular cone wheel face that contacts with speed ring is an outer conical surface, and the inner conical surface drift angle when the inner conical surface drift angle is 180 °, is ring plain greater than the male cone (strobilus masculinus) drift angle; The orbit ring surface that contacts with conical wheel is the ring-type convex globoidal; With perimeter surface in the speed ring that conical wheel contacts is the ring-type convex globoidal.

3, by the stepless speed variator of claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the conical wheel point of contact radius that contacts with wheel for inputting is less than the conical wheel point of contact radius that contacts with orbit ring; Two corresponding surface of contact of wheel for inputting and conical wheel are respectively ring-type convex globoidal and ring-type concave arc surface.

4, by the stepless speed variator of claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the conical wheel point of contact radius that contacts with wheel for inputting is greater than the conical wheel point of contact radius that contacts with orbit ring; Two corresponding surface of contact of wheel for inputting and conical wheel are respectively ring-type concave arc surface and ring-type convex globoidal.