CN107471655A - 用于制造应用于飞行器或航天器的结构部件的方法及装置 - Google Patents

用于制造应用于飞行器或航天器的结构部件的方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107471655A
CN107471655A CN201710429383.8A CN201710429383A CN107471655A CN 107471655 A CN107471655 A CN 107471655A CN 201710429383 A CN201710429383 A CN 201710429383A CN 107471655 A CN107471655 A CN 107471655A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
covering
welding
covering element
inside structure
assembly equipment
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN201710429383.8A
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English (en)
Inventor
保罗·约恩
贝恩德·施温
彼得·林德
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Airbus Operations GmbH
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Airbus Operations GmbH
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Application filed by Airbus Operations GmbH filed Critical Airbus Operations GmbH
Publication of CN107471655A publication Critical patent/CN107471655A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/12—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor of articles having inserts or reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C65/1612—Infrared [IR] radiation, e.g. by infrared lasers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/40—Applying molten plastics, e.g. hot melt
    • B29C65/42—Applying molten plastics, e.g. hot melt between pre-assembled parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/524—Joining profiled elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/63—Internally supporting the article during joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81422—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being convex
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81423—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81459—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps being a filled deformable bladder, e.g. bladder filled with oil, with granules or with a meltable solid material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
    • B29C66/8242—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于制造应用于飞行器或航天器的结构部件的方法。所述结构部件包含内侧和外侧，蒙皮部及用于加固、加强或者负载转移的、内侧的、与蒙皮部连接的结构。用于构成蒙皮部的蒙皮元件以及内侧结构中至少一个元件分别是由具有热塑性塑料基体的纤维复合材料构成的。内侧结构的元件与蒙皮元件至少局部焊接，与此同时，蒙皮元件保留在用于成形蒙皮元件的前一步中使用的工具部中。本发明还涉及一种用于制造应用于飞行器或航天器的结构部件的装置。

Description

用于制造应用于飞行器或航天器的结构部件的方法及装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造应用于飞行器或航天器，尤其是飞机，的结构部件的方法及装置。
背景技术
尽管本发明可应用于许多部件并尤其可应用于许多技术领域的结构复合部件，本发明及其基于的问题将会以飞机结构的机身外壳的制造为例如下进行详细阐述。
文件WO2011/120717A1描述了一种用于制造纤维强化的热塑性复合材料的方法和装置，其中，设备部件在进给方向上连续移动。所述设备部件通过冲头局部连接，冲头可在进给方向和其反向运动。
文件DE102010050740B4涉及另外一种利用含有热塑性的塑料材料基体的复合材料制造飞机结构部件的方法，同时阐述了冲压工具的使用。
在加工制造大型组件的过程中，例如制造飞行器或者航天器时，尤其是在连接大量的零件时，需适当考虑由于单个组件的单独加工导致的的加工误差，根据经验，解决此类问题是较昂贵的。这类问题通常也出现在集成由纤维复合材料构成的单独元件时。
发明内容
在此背景下，本发明目的在于，对用于飞行器或航天器的结构部件的制造进行进一步简化，并改进，同时尤其是在连接这样结构部件的各个元件时，实现更简单、可靠的误差补偿。
根据本发明，所述目的通过权利要求1所述的方法及其具有的特征和/或通过权利要求14所述的装置及其具有的特征得以实现。
本发明提出了一种用于制造结构部件的方法，该结构部件应用于飞行器或者航天器并包含内侧，外侧，蒙皮部及用于加固、加强或者负载转移的、内侧的、与蒙皮部连接的结构。同时，用于构成蒙皮部的蒙皮元件以及内侧结构的至少一个元件分别由具有热塑性塑料基体的纤维复合材料构成。在所提出的方法中，内侧结构的元件与蒙皮元件至少部分焊接，与此同时，蒙皮元件保留在用于成形蒙皮元件的前一步中使用的工具部中。
另外，本发明提出了一种用于制造应用于飞行器或者航天器的结构部件的装置，所述待制造的结构部件包含内侧，外侧，蒙皮部及内测的、与蒙皮部连接的用于加固、加强或者负载转移的结构。所提出的装置包含：
-工具部，该工具部用于形成由含有热塑性塑料基体的纤维复合材料构成的、用于构成蒙皮部的蒙皮元件，并作为压模工具的一部分，用于在压力和升高温度的作用下，将蒙皮元件冲压为一体；
-相对于工具部可移动的装配设备，用于对至少一个由具有热塑性塑料基体的纤维复合材料构成的内侧结构的元件进行抓取和/或夹紧，以及定位；及
-焊接设备，用于将所述内侧结构的元件与蒙皮元件至少局部焊接。
本发明的方法尤其可以借助本发明的装置实施。
本发明还提出了一种用于飞行器或者航天器的结构部件，该结构部件借助本发明的方法和/或本发明的装置制成。
本发明基于的想法是，当蒙皮元件和内侧结构的元件分别设为热塑性纤维复合元件并通过焊接直接在已用于形成蒙皮元件的工具部中彼此牢固地连接时，进一步简化结构部件的构造，其中，由热塑性纤维复合材料构成的元件与整体部件相连接，并且进一步降低构造的费用。在焊接过程中，即使内侧结构的元件和蒙皮元件已分别完成加固，在已用于形成蒙皮元件的工具部中，也可以实现有针对性的误差补偿。通过这种方式，单独的、彼此连接的具有高质量的构件可以彼此分开地、合理地加工制造而成，然后有效地与结构部件连接在一起。本发明的尤其在飞行器或航天器领域具有优势，在该领域，一方面对于部件的可靠性和高品质，另一方面也对于部件的轻量化有所要求。
本发明有利的实施方式及改进可由从属权利要求以及结合附图的描述中得出。
在一个实施方式中，应用作为工具部的、用于加固蒙皮元件的压模工具的阴模工具部。有利的是，所述蒙皮元件在其加固后保留在所述阴模工具部中，并被接收支持在其中，并在接下来的内部结构的元件通过焊接连接的组合过程中无需被取出并继续被加工。以此降低加工制造的成本。
在另外一个实施方式中，在焊接过程中，可实现内侧结构的元件针对蒙皮元件至少局部地塑性适应，特别是可补偿内侧结构元件和/或蒙皮元件的加工制造误差。以这种方式，通过内侧结构的元件的适应可得到有利的误差补偿，与此同时，蒙皮元件保留在之前用于成形的工具部中，且蒙皮部的目标几何结构不受影响。
在一个实施方式中，焊接是借助电感应，或者借助超声波，或者借助激光，或者通过与加热体的表面接触实现。作为加热体，使用特别是刚性压块，例如一种加热的金属冲头，或者充满加热流体的垫，或者加热的聚合物垫，或者加热滚筒。在相应装置的实施方式中，焊接设备由电感应设备，或者超声波设备，或者激光器或者具有引导和/或聚焦激光束功能的设备构成，或者所述焊接设备由加热的刚性压块，或者充液空腔，或者加热聚合物垫，或者加热滚筒构成。在一个实施方式中，加热体的加热可以借助加热流体实现，但这也可以由通电的方式对加热体加热取代。
在一个实施方式中，焊接过程还包括对内侧结构元件的至少局部的冷却。通过这种方式，可以在热塑性焊接过程中更好地控制热塑性塑料基体的冷却和再凝固，以此可以得到更高质量的焊接连接。此外，在必要的时候，可以避免内侧结构元件局部的软化或熔融，其中软化和熔融是希望避免的。在一个装置的相应实施方式中，装配设备为此包括冷却设备，其中，在装配设备中特别地设有冷却通道，其中冷却流体可以涌流通过。
在一个实施方式中，在焊接过程中，压力至少作用在内侧结构的元件的局部区域。所述压力在这种情况下：
-借助刚性压块和合适的用于使刚性压块运动的运动学元件或者为刚性压块提供弹性运动的弹性元件，或者
-借助充液的和至少局部可形变的垫，或者
-借助弹性可形变的聚合物垫，或者
-借助可转动的滚筒，
作用于内侧结构元件的局部。通过这种方式，在弯曲的蒙皮元件，特别也在径向地，也就是说垂直于蒙皮元件的主延伸方向，可以极为有效的施加压力，以此得到高品质的且可靠的热塑性焊接连接。
在实施方式中，焊接设备与装配设备可集为一体，或者可选择地分开提供。
在一个实施方式中，焊接是在使用装配设备下完成，所述装配设备包括一个可替换的嵌块或者多个可替换的嵌块，用于接收一个或者多个内侧结构的元件。通过这种方式，比如，可以使装配设备有目的地设有作为嵌块支座的基础构件，以及针对内侧结构的待焊接的元件的几何结构的可进行替换及匹配的嵌块。特别是在改进中，可以使一个焊接设备，或者说多个焊接设备与基础构件，或者一个嵌块，或者说多个嵌块集为一体。因此，所述装配设备特别灵活通用，以此也有利于降低结构部件的制造成本。
在一个改进方案中，在必要的情况下，嵌块可以由分开的嵌块构成。
在一个实施方式中，焊接设备由局部的、自适应的焊接单元和施压单元构成。
在一个改进方案中，焊接在使用装配设备下完成，所述装配设备包括一个或者多个局部的、自适应的焊接单元和施压单元，特别是局部的、自适应的焊接单元和施压单元，其用于将元件在内侧结构元件的多个区域与蒙皮元件焊接。
在一个实施方式中，在对内侧结构的元件与蒙皮元件的至少局部焊接中，在所述内侧结构元件与蒙皮元件接触之前，内侧结构的元件可以局部加热，例如借助红外辐射。这样的做法可以简化装配设备的结构。在这样的实施方式中，内侧结构的元件在局部加热后，在压力下向蒙皮元件移动。
在一个实施方式中，内侧结构作为蒙皮部的后部结构，其中，在所述实施方式中，桁条或者肋会作为内侧结构的元件与蒙皮元件至少局部焊接。以此获得具有良好误差补偿的蒙皮部，桁条和/或者肋的组合，同时达到降低结构部件制造成本的目地。
在另外一个实施方式中，多个内侧结构的元件与蒙皮元件焊接。这有利于缩短结构部件的必要制造时间。在一个装置实施方式中，装配设备用于对多个内侧结构元件进行接收和/或夹紧，以及定位。
根据一个改进方案，多个桁条作为内侧结构的元件在一个步骤中与蒙皮元件焊接。特别是针对同类型且大量的需固定在蒙皮元件的桁条，焊接过程可以一步完成，从而达到节省成本的目地。在一个类似的装置实施方式中，所述装配设备用于对多个桁条进行接收和/或夹紧，以及定位。
在一个可替换的改进方案中，多个桁条作为内侧结构元件以先后顺序依次与蒙皮元件焊接。特别地是，为此使用用于对单个桁条进行接收和/或夹紧，以及定位的装配装置，以此使桁条紧贴置于蒙皮元件。
在另外一个改进方案中，多个肋作为内侧结构元件在一个步骤中与蒙皮元件焊接。同样在使用肋的情况下也可以达到节省时间的目地。在一个类似的装置实施方式中，所述装配设备用于对多个肋进行接收和/或夹紧，以及定位。
在一个可替换的改进方案中，多个肋作为内侧结构元件以先后顺序依次与蒙皮元件焊接。肋的焊接可以因此借助比如灵活的可插入的装配设备完成，所述装配设备只用于接收或者夹紧多个肋中的一个，同时优选地，借助用于移动装配设备的且使肋压紧蒙皮元件的操作装置。
在另外一个实施方式中，在对多个桁条进行焊接之后，进行多个肋与蒙皮元件的焊接。在这种情况下，具有已焊接桁条的蒙皮元件继续保留在所述工具部中。因此，可以经济可靠地将桁条，肋通过蒙皮元件与结构部件组合。
在一个实施方式中，内侧结构作为蒙皮部的后部结构，其中，门框结构或者门框结构的元件作为内侧结构元件与蒙皮元件至少局部焊接。应该提到，门框结构中的一个或者多个元件，或者整个门框结构的焊接，可以在除桁条和肋的焊接外完成。因此，可以经济地将其它元件的和待加工的结构部件组合。对于门框结构，所述元件的焊接可以有利的影响大量单件导致的昂贵的加工制造误差补偿。
在本发明的一个改进方案中，所述门框结构的元件可以由主肋，或者辅肋，或者肋间元件，或者梁，或者坎构成。
在一个实施方式中，门框结构先于自身与具有已粘合的或者提前已完成连接的，尤其是焊接而的元件的蒙皮元件焊接构成。因此，门框结构作为整体和蒙皮元件连接以构成结构部件，其中，单独元件的空间位置已经提前彼此固定。
在另外一个实施方式中，一个用于加强和/或加固蒙皮部的元件作为内侧结构元件在蒙皮部的一个凹槽区域，特别是窗框或者窗框的元件，与蒙皮元件至少局部焊接。
在另外一个实施方式中，用于蒙皮部的局部加强元件或者用于在蒙皮部负载转移的元件，尤其是支架，作为内侧结构元件与蒙皮元件焊接。
在这种实施方式中，装配设备用于对门框结构或者一个或者多个门框结构元件进行接收和/或夹紧以及定位。在另外的实施方式中，装配设备对用于在蒙皮部的凹槽区域，尤其是在窗框或者窗框的元件，加强和/或加固蒙皮部的元件，进行接收和/或夹紧以及定位。在另外的实施方式中，装配设备对用于蒙皮部的局部加强元件或者用于蒙皮部局部负载转移的元件，特别是支架，进行接收和/或夹紧以及定位。
在一个实施方式中，特别地是，所述结构部件作为外壳部件，特别是机身外壳，用于飞行器或者航空器，其中，尤其是用于飞机。在改进方案中，蒙皮元件可以二维的或者三维的弯曲，也就是说，包括简单的在一个空间方向上的弯曲或者在多个空间方向上的弯曲。在相应的实施方式中，工具部包括一个简单的或者多个弯曲的成形表面。
在一个实施方式中，用于飞行器或者航天器的机翼的或者尾翼的外壳部件可以替代机身外壳，借助提出的方法和/或提出的装置制造而成。
根据本发明的实施方式，使用高性能热塑性塑料作为热塑性塑料材料，例如聚芳醚酮(PAEK)，聚醚醚酮(PEEK)，或者这一类的。作为加强纤维可将碳纤维，玻璃纤维或者其它合适的纤维，或者其混合，嵌入到由热塑性塑料材料构成的基体中，优选地是所谓的连续的或者“不间断的”纤维。在一个装置的相应实施方式中，设有用于通过软化和/或熔融热塑性塑料基体焊接的焊接设备，所述基体由这样的高性能热塑性塑料构成。
应当指出的是，上述本发明的实施方式及改进方案分别可以类似的应用于本发明的方法，本发明的装置及本发明的结构部件。
在可行的情况下，可以用任何给定的方式结合上述实施方式和改进方案。本发明进一步可能的实施方式、改进方案以及实施还包括结合实施方式而在上文或下文中所述的本发明的特征的组合，即使所述组合没有被明确提及。在这种情况下，本领域技术人员也将对本发明的基本形式增加各个方面的内容以作为改进或补充。
附图说明
以下将参照附图根据提供的实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。其中：
图1和2示出飞机，作为飞行器或者航天器的例子，其可应用根据本发明实施方式所制造的结构部件；
图3示意性地示出毛坯部在具有弯曲成形表面的压模工具的阴模工具部上的铺设；
图4和5示意性地示出蒙皮元件的制造，其通过在具有两个工具部的压模工具中冲压成形；
图5A示出加固的蒙皮元件，该蒙皮元件按照图3至5所示制造；
图6示意性地示出若干桁条横截面；
图7示意性地示出根据第一实施方式的装配设备；
图8示出图7的细节D；
图9示意性地示出焊接过程，其中应用根据第一实施方式的装配设备；
图10示意性地示出图9中焊接过程的下一步方法步骤；
图10A、10B示意性地示出可被分为若干部分的装配设备的变型；
图11示意性地示出在焊接过程中，根据第二实施方式，由加热滚筒构成的焊接设备，
图12示意性地局部示出根据第一实施方式的其他变型的装配设备；
图13示意性地局部示出根据第一实施方式的其他变型的装配设备；
图14示意性地局部示出根据第一实施方式的其他变型的装配设备；
图15示意性地示出若干肋横截面；
图16示意性地示出肋的端面视图；
图17示意性地示出图16中肋的截面图A-A；
图18示意性地示出根据第三实施方式的装置，该装置具有操作装置，带有肋的装配设备和外部工具部，该外部工具部内设有配有桁条的蒙皮部；
图19示意性地示出焊接过程中图18中的装置；
图20以垂直于肋的视角示意性地示出图19中装置的细节；
图21以通过肋和装配设备的横截面图示意性地示出图19中装置的细节；
图22示意性地示出在焊接肋的焊接过程中根据第四实施方式的装置，该装置具有装配设备和外部工具部，该工具部内设有带有多个桁条的蒙皮部；
图23示意性地示出蒙皮元件内部几何形状的光学测试；
图24示意性地示出具有门框结构的飞机的结构部件，用于解释第五实施方式；
图25示意性地示出根据第五实施方式的装置，该装置具有操作装置，具有由其支撑的门框结构的装配设备，以及在其内部接收的蒙皮元件的阴模工具部；
图26示意性地示出飞机的结构部件，所述飞机包括窗框结构，作为负载转移结构的支架以及为了蒙皮部的局部加强结构，用于解释第六，七和八实施方式；
图27示意性地示出带有内侧结构的制成的结构部件；以及
图28A、28B示出将机身分为机身外壳的两种可能，其中，门框结构被示意性指出。
附图是为了便于对本发明的实施方式的理解。附图用于显示实施方式，并结合描述说明本发明的原理和方法。其它实施方式和许多提到的优点可从附图中发现。附图中的元件并不必然显示其相对于彼此的大小。
在说明书附图中，除非另外说明，相同的附图标记分别表示相同的、功能相同的和相同作用的元件，特征和部件。
具体实施方式
图1和图2示出飞机1作为飞行器或航天器的示例，其使用由下文所述实施方式所制造的结构部件。图1和图2示例性地示出飞机1的机身3，以及机翼4和尾翼6和7。除此之外，图1示例性地示出，作为机身3上半部分的半壳的机身外壳10，作为机身3下半部分的半壳的机身外壳11。可理解为，机身3可选择地以另一种方式被分为多个壳部件。
图3示意性地示出在图3中未被详细展示的，在图3中压模工具的下方的外部的阴模工具部28的成形表面29上的毛坯部的铺设，该毛坯部具有用于形成基体和嵌入基体的强化纤维的热塑性塑料材料。借助铺设形成的毛坯装置31，从中可产生飞机1的机身外壳的蒙皮元件，例如用于机身半壳10或11。图3示出的成形表面29是弯曲的，例如呈半圆柱型，但是也可不限于一个方向，而向多个方向弯曲，以制造单次或多次弯曲的外壳蒙皮元件。
作为毛坯，可使用例如，含热塑性基体材料和强化纤维的预加固过的毛坯或未加固过的毛坯，其中热塑性基体材料和纤维仅仅附着其上。
该毛坯部可作为所谓的“带”在成形表面29上自动铺设。图3示意性地示出，“带”的铺设借助装置15自动放置“带”实现，该装置15也被称为“自动铺带机”或“ATL机”，并具有合适的铺设头15a。此外，图3示出，附加地或者有选择地，除了借助“自动铺带”来铺设纤维带，也可借助“自动纤维铺设”或“AFP”铺设例如相对较窄的“带”，此尤其在复杂的弯曲的成形表面29，例如在形成双弯曲外壳蒙皮时具有优势。图3示意性地额外示出合适的装置16，其也可被称为“AFP机”并配有设备16a用于铺设“带”。因此，毛坯部可以有效地直接地铺设在阴模工具部28的成形表面29上，该阴模工具部28之后作为外部成形工具部，用于蒙皮元件的加固和冲压成形。在铺设毛坯部时，只可以完成局部加固，由此毛坯部可被局部黏住并以此互相固定以保持位置不变。铺设时只局部地加固实现了快速铺设毛坯部。由此为进行后续通过冲压成形加固的毛坯装置31就已在成形工具部28中准备就绪。
毛坯装置31可有选择地，依据另一种图中未详细示出的同样具有优势的变型，如下设计，以所谓的“拼焊坯件”的形式，即例如由毛坯供应商预先制好的毛坯部首先被平放在平桌上。在此变型中，通过安置毛坯部首先形成一个二维的毛坯装置。此可作为毛坯装置31放入工具部28中，由此形成所需的三维形状。由此，毛坯部不会滑动，在铺设时，毛坯部可在桌面黏住，例如通过局部加固或局部加热。由此，在此变型中，毛坯的二维铺设可与三维冲压成形组合，此尤其可用于例如圆柱体机身部分的机身外壳的制造。优选地，当施加给毛坯装置31在冲压成形过程中的温度升到足够高时，例如超过热塑性塑料材料的熔化温度，由此，纤维为了形变至三维的最终形状可相对运动。
为了例如为机身外壳10或11制造蒙皮元件，毛坯装置31通过升温和加压被局部加固，参考图4和5。下面的阴模工具部28构成压膜工具19的组件，该压膜工具19此外还包括一个上面的阳模工具部21。为加固而向毛坯装置31施加压力，在表面29和阳模工具部21的面对表面29的表面22之间，设有附加元件用于压力传递和在可能的情况下用于轮廓补偿，该附加元件在图4和5中为了便于总览，未被详细示出。如图4和5所示，工具部21和28可相对对方相碰，如图4和5通过箭头表明的相对运动20。可理解为，两工具部21和28均可移动，或只其中之一可动，与此同时，另一个则保持固定。例如工具部28可为固定的工具部。工具部21，28还可以通过力K相互压紧，用以为毛坯装置31施压，其中可使用带有压爪18的压力机(图4和5仅部分的示出)。
完成图4和5示出的冲压成形过程和通过移出上面的工具部21打开压膜工具19后，下面的阴模工具部28中制造出加固后的蒙皮元件101。
参考图3至5中描述的在阴模工具部28中加固的蒙皮元件101的制造，可通过上述方式用于本发明全部下面描述的实施方式，其中，蒙皮元件101在制成的结构部件形成蒙皮部。所述蒙皮元件101在按照下述实施方式内侧结构13组合时，保留在阴模工具部28中。
根据本发明的第一实施方式，作为内侧后部结构13的元件，其用于结构部件的蒙皮部，尤其是机身外壳10或11，桁条105和前面描述的制造出的蒙皮元件101在桁条105的足部区域106焊接，该焊接通过热塑性塑料材料，尤其是桁条105在桁条足部区域106的热塑性塑料材料，软化和/或熔融和后续再凝固实现。
图6示出桁条105的若干与本发明第一实施方式相关的可设想的横截面几何形状。桁条105可以分别有，例如图6(a)所示的欧米伽形的横截面几何形状，如图6(b)所示的T形横截面几何形状，如图6(c)所示的斜欧米伽形的横截面几何形状，或如图6(d)所示的Z形的横截面几何形状，或图6(e)所示的具有形成两个足部区域106的附加的凸缘的Z形的横截面几何形状。
桁条105可通过冲压成形，辊压成形，或挤压成形制造。为此，含热塑性基体材料及强化纤维的毛坯部可将要或已铺设成目标几何形状，例如通过“自动纤维铺设”(AFP)或“自动铺带”(ATL)。由此，桁条105为由含热塑性基体的纤维强化复合材料组成的元件。
根据第一实施方式的装配设备36在图7示出。装配设备36包括分布在装配设备36的外侧46的凹槽45。如图7所示，装配设备36的表面，适应于装配设备36内侧的待制造的结构部件的几何形状，大体上以半圆柱形直到凹槽45制成，但是，其中装配设备36内侧双弯曲制作方式在其外侧46上仍可行。凹槽45为适应于桁条105横截面几何形状成形。
为按照第一实施方式将桁条105作为后部结构的元件和蒙皮元件101焊接，首先若干桁条105被分别插入一个凹槽45(如图7箭头所示)并借助适当的，未详细示出的支撑，夹紧或卡紧设备支撑在凹槽45中。在所示示例中，桁条105横截面分别为欧米伽形。
图8中的细节D示出一个其中已放置桁条105的凹槽45。图8还示出，在每个凹槽45的两侧分别有焊接设备40结合进装配设备36。为将桁条105在足部区域106和蒙皮元件101电感焊接，焊接设备40可以设为例如电感设备。每个图8所示的焊接设备40都作用于足部区域106之一。
除了设为电感设备，焊接设备40还可以在第一实施方式的变型中被设为超声波焊接设备，以将桁条足部区域106借助超声波和蒙皮元件101焊接。可选择地在其他变型中，焊接设备可包含一个激光器或用于引导和/或聚焦激光射线的设备，以借助激光射线实现焊接。在其他变型中，图8的焊接设备40可被设为加热设备，例如一个电子的电阻加热，或一个由加热流体涌流通过的通道，其中和桁条105的足部区域106的焊接借助装配设备36的一个刚性部的表面的加热接触区域44的表面接触来实现。
装配设备36按照第一实施方式，见图8，还包括冷却通道42，该冷却通道42可以在将足部区域106和蒙皮元件101相焊接时，以预定义的方式涌流通过具备适当流体温度的流体，例如冷却油。通过桁条105的冷却，可防止在不希望发生由加热导致的形变的桁条区域出现过热，并可以在热塑性焊接区域中更佳的控制热塑性塑料材料的冷却和再凝固。通过适当的排布冷却通道42和通过其中的被控流体，以及在需要温度测量设备的辅助时，可满足当前的冷却需求。
图8还示出，在第一实施方式中，装配设备36被分为第一部37和第二部38，该两部以可拆卸的方式互相连接。分割线39在图8示意性地示出。
制造结构部件的装置55由图9为便于总览只部分地示出，其中装置55包括阴模工具部28，通过压爪或压紧架18可移动的装配设备36，和结合进装配设备36的焊接设备40。
借助压爪或压紧架18，其为装配设备36额外地构造运输和支撑设备，通过施加力K’，压力被施加到桁条105的足部区域106上。同时，足部区域106为焊接加热至适当温度。图10A示出，为在径向方向，即基本上垂直于蒙皮元件101和桁条105的足部区域106的方向上更好的施加压力，可在一个变型中，可在部37，38之间设有适当运动学元件236，以使其互相压离。为此，装配设备36可选择地，例如以对称或均匀的方式，被分为更多个借助运动学元件相连接的部。对于将桁条105在压力下放置于蒙皮元件101的内侧，分布在角度区域180度，也即对于一个半壳的装配设备36，装配设备36可例如被分为三部，每部占有60度角即大约蒙皮元件101的三分之一。图10B示出，除运动学元件236，或附加地，可在部37，38之间放置弹性形变元件237，例如橡胶，以便实现部37，38之间的弹性移动性和施加径向压力。还需提到的是，优选地，标号为18的元件为压紧架，该压紧架已在图4，5中被应用于毛坯装置31的冲压成形和加固。换言之，在加固蒙皮元件101后，可以以简单快速的方式将上面的工具部21替换为已和桁条105装配的装配设备36，然后将桁条105与蒙皮元件101相焊接。
桁条105由此可有效在一个步骤内与蒙皮元件101相焊接。
在完成焊接过程后，装配设备36可从阴模工具部28中移出。因桁条105在与形成结构部件150的蒙皮部151的蒙皮元件101焊接固定后，形成咬边，部37，38为取出装配设备36可彼此分离。可选择地，装配设备36沿桁条105纵向拉出，即在图9，10中垂直于图面的方向。在其他选择中，如没有其他内侧结构元件需与蒙皮元件101相焊接，结构部件150和装配设备36一起从阴模工具部28取出，并通过蒙皮部151的轻微弹性弯曲与装配设备36相分离。
在将桁条105在其足部区域106与蒙皮元件101焊接的过程中，足部区域106可分别塑性适应于内侧表面102，其目的尤其为补偿桁条105或蒙皮元件101或两者的加工制造误差。此外，装配设备36可和桁条105如此设计，在接触区域44，44’，该接触区域尤其包括足部区域106和/或桁条105的其他区域，以此借助装配设备36，桁条105可形变至所需的目标几何形状，例如通过使标准桁条几何形状适应于蒙皮元件101内侧的细节几何形状。如果在凹槽45的区域，需要用于提高桁条105温度的其他设备，则可将此设备结合进装配设备36中。
根据图11，第二实施方式的方法和装置55如下区别于第一实施方式，桁条105通过加热滚筒64在其足部区域106实现焊接，其中根据图11，加热滚筒64通过施加的压紧力K”在桁条105的足部区域106滚动。待焊接的足部区域106在图11中被加点示出。在第二实施方式中，例如桁条105同样可以借助未示出的装配设备被支撑和定位，其中该装配设备优选地为滚筒64提供足够空间。
此外，图12，13和14示出三个本发明第一实施方式的变型。
图12示出的变型区别于图7至10示出的装配设备36如下，在用于接收具有欧米伽横截面的桁条105的中部的凹槽45的两侧，分别放置了一个充液可形变垫48，所述充液可形变垫48部分地被凹槽45的延伸部47所接收，并放置于装配设备36的由金属材料构成的基础部件50上。垫48设有可形变，抗温抗压的外表皮48a，所述外表皮48a包围充满流体F的垫48的空腔，该流体尤其为油。外表皮48a可设为金属膜，塑料膜，或具有金属层和塑料层的复合膜，其中所述金属膜或金属层，尤其用于压力接收，而塑料膜或塑料层用于改善密封度和防止桁条105接触流体F。流体F，未在图12中示出，可以在封闭的流体循环中，涌流通过垫48的内室并被加热至所需的加热温度。通过使用加热的流体F可实现桁条105的足部区域106与蒙皮元件101的焊接，所述流体F可将足部区域106加热至热塑性焊接连接所需的焊接温度。垫48由此构成焊接设备40。根据图9，借助垫48，在装配设备36和阴模工具部28相碰并施加力K’时，压力基本上可按静液压力的类型均匀的径向的，即垂直于足部区域106的方向施加其上。由此可实现通过均匀的压力分布得到的更好的焊接连接质量，和通过垫48的可形变性得到的有利的轮廓补偿和误差补偿，以及通过测量流体F的液压得到的对作用压力更好的控制，并可以避免使用用于分开装配设备36的单个部件的复杂的运动学元件。换而言之，基础部件50可设为刚性件。超出上述区别的内容，请参阅第一实施方式。
图13示出的变型区别于图12的变型仅在于，聚合物垫49取代了充液垫48。聚合物垫49同样可通过弹性柔度至少在发生作用的焊接温度下，进一步改善轮廓补偿和误差补偿以及以静液压方式施压。聚合物垫49可以通过集成加热设备49a，例如所述加热设备49a可电子的，如作为单头电热管驱动，加热至所需焊接温度。图13示例地示出两个聚合物垫49左边的一个。可选择地或附加地，加热设备49b可为了达到所需的温度，结合进基础部件50，请参见图13右侧部分所示聚合物垫49。由此，聚合物垫49和加热设备49a和/或49b共同构成焊接设备40。
图14所示变型区别于第一实施方式在于，装配设备36包含一个刚性的，由金属材料制成的基础部件50以及一个可替换嵌块52，其中可替换嵌快52在其外侧52a形变以适应于基础部件50的凹口53，凹槽45用于接收桁条105进入嵌块52中。所述嵌块52通过适当的在图14未详细示出的紧固件固定在基础部件50上。在嵌块52中结合了焊接设备40，所述焊接设备40如图8中关于第一实施方式的描述，桁条105的足部区域106和蒙皮元件101的内侧相焊接，例如借助电感或超声波或激光来实现。嵌块52的冷却可设想借助已冷却的流体，所述流体涌流通过嵌块52和/或基础部件50的通道(图14未示出)。嵌块52可在变换桁条几何形状时，按需要被替换为其他适合的嵌块。
按照本发明的第二实施方式，作为内侧后部结构13的元件，其用于结构部件的蒙皮部，尤其是机身外壳10或11，肋110和蒙皮元件101在肋110的足部区域111通过热塑性塑料材料的软化和/或熔融和后续的再凝固焊接。
肋110的若干与本发明第二实施方式相关的使用的横截面几何形状在图15示出。肋110可以分别具有，如图15(a)所示的C形的横截面几何形状，如图15(b)所示的Z形横截面几何形状，或如图15(c)所示的欧米伽形的横截面几何形状。此外，根据图15(d)，稳定元件112，所谓的用于横向稳定的“楔子”，例如作为分开的元件制造，并与肋110的基础型材110a，如C形型材通过如铆接或粘接或焊接相连接。稳定元件112可分开地由热塑性塑料材料及嵌入其中的强化纤维，如短纤维，通过注塑制造。此外，肋110可与凹槽，即所谓的或“鼠洞”设为一体用于引导桁条，其中，所述例如在后续详细描述的图20中作为凹槽113可见。
按照其他选择，如图16和17所示，肋110可包含一个整体的稳定元件或“楔子”112’，其形成局部隆起或凹陷，所述隆起或凹陷使之延伸进入足部区域111和肋110的腹板，如在之外区域。所述隆起或凹陷可以在横截面中为倒圆的形状，如图17所示的大致的半圆形。
肋110可以例如借助刚性工具或具有通过灵活壁约束的充液腔的工具而实现的冲压成形来制造。为此，含热塑性基体材料及强化纤维的毛坯部可将要或已铺设成目标几何形状，例如通过“自动纤维铺设”(AFP)或“自动铺带”(ATL)。以此，肋110作为由含热塑性基体的纤维强化复合材料构成的元件。
在上述针对肋110的变型中，肋足部区域111可为了和蒙皮元件101的热塑性焊接连接进行优化。
根据第三实施方式，图18所示装置55包含如上所述的外部的阴模工具部28，工具部28具有放置其中的已加固且其内侧已焊接有桁条105的蒙皮部151，如前面实施方式所述。图18所示装置55进一步包含操作装置78，其整体沿蒙皮部151和桁条105的纵向L操作，并且设为例如具有多轴移动性的机制人。在机器人手臂80的末端，放置支撑了一个用于夹紧和定位图18所示肋110的装配设备36’，其用于为将肋110焊接在蒙皮部151内侧。借助图18所示的装置，若干肋110作为内侧的后部结构13的元件，已先后顺序依次地和已形成蒙皮部151的蒙皮元件101相焊接，其中在此实施方式中，装配设备36’只能接收一个肋110。肋110的压紧和焊接如图19所示。肋110和蒙皮部151在肋110足部区域111的焊接，可使用类似于上述桁条105的焊接方法，即借助焊接设备40’实现，其使用例如电感或超声波或激光射线来实现焊接，其中例如激光焊接可提供质量相对较轻的装配设备36’，借助超声波或电感的焊接方法可以提供快速的焊接连接。借助操作装置78，可实现肋110的适当定位，参看图19。焊接设备40’借助已加热的流体，如已加热的油达到焊接温度。
图20和21详细示出肋110的足部区域111的焊接。装配设备36’包括若干局部的，自适应的，可移动的焊接单元和施压单元91，其如图20和21的双箭头所示，基本上在径向方向上，尤其在垂直于蒙皮部151和其所属足部区域111的方向可移动。用此种方式，焊接单元和施压单元91分别在其所属的足部区域111施压。为提供热塑性焊接所需温度，至少一个焊接设备40被结合进每个焊接单元和施压单元91。图20和21示出受高温焊接区域43’。
焊接设备40’可分别使用电感，借助超声波，借助激光或其他方法，如前文关于桁条105的焊接所述，如电加热设备，来实现焊接。按照第三实施方式的变型，尤其对于肋110的安置可设想到使用充液垫或聚合物垫，详情如上文详述。可使用类似垫可放置在如图20中的加点区域99，其构成图20示出的刚性压块。通过在足部区域111施加压力和温度，肋110相对于蒙皮部151的误差可补偿，并根据需要，使其适应于蒙皮部151的几何形状。在第三实施方式中，也可使用类似于桁条结合时使用的附加冷却装置。与此相关参看上述实施方式。
焊接单元和施压单元91分别与装配设备36’的刚性基础部件50’相连，并可各自相对于基础部件50’移动。根据图21，基础部件50’用于夹紧和支撑肋110，为此装配设备36’包含一个和基础部件50’相连的用于将肋110夹紧于装配设备36’的夹紧设备51。肋110相对于装配设备36'的定位，可借助适当的钻孔(所谓的“F-孔”)实现。
此外，在区域99在第三实施方式的变型中，设有可替换焊接接头98，其中焊接设备40包含在焊接接头98中，或与其分开地放置于焊接单元和施压单元91中。焊接接头98可例如被加热或用于足部区域111与蒙皮部151的超声波焊接。借助焊接接头98，其例如对于蒙皮部151的结构适应和改变，而发生的几何形状变化可被考虑，其中焊接接头98可分别适应出现的几何形状。在一个可能的变型中，焊接接头98基本上作为可替换的，刚性的板状压块用于施加压力和温度。焊接单元和施压单元91和基础部件50’之间的压力施加通过适当的运动学实现，例如焊接单元和施压单元91在径向方向R通过电动机驱动，相对于基础部件50’被推动。
装置55和图22所示第四实施方式示出的方法示出了第三实施方式的一个变型。第四实施方式区别于第三实施方式如下，若干用于分别夹紧肋110的装配设备36’被合成一个组合的装配设备36”，其中组合的装配设备36”可作为整体在一个步骤里降入阴模工具部28中。后续地，若干肋110的焊接可在一个步骤里以第三实施方式中描述的方式实现。为了便于总览，图22未详细示出同样设有的焊接单元和施压单元91。
按照本发明的第五实施方式，作为内侧后部结构13的元件，其用于结构部件150的蒙皮部151，尤其是机身外壳10或11，门框结构120或门框结构120的一个元件与蒙皮元件101相焊接。所述门框结构120也可称为门包围结构，如图24所示。门框结构120以示例的至少部分的差分方式，包含两个主肋或门肋121，两个辅肋122，若干肋间元件123(所谓“加强肋”)以及上梁124和坎125。所述梁124和坎125通常也被称为“槛梁”。所有元件121，122，123，124和125作为含热塑性基体和强化纤维的纤维复合部件来制造。至少若干元件121至125通过热塑性塑料材料的软化和/或熔融和后续的再凝固和蒙皮元件101相焊接，在可能的情况下桁条105和肋110已如上所述焊接在蒙皮元件101上。上述元件121至125可例如通过冲压成形制造并分别具有开放的横截面，如C形横截面或Z形横截面。
具有装配设备36”’的装置，又被设为用于将上述门框结构120的各元件121至125或其中若干与蒙皮元件101或蒙皮部151焊接。装配设备36”’在图24中以虚线示出，其作为预装配设备，使每个元件121至125分别保持所需的相对位置，并调整各个元件121至125相对的位置和情况。
在第一变型中，装配设备36”’并非完全刚性的支撑元件121至125，而是具有一定自由移动性以补偿相互公差。根据图25，如果装配设备36”’如又借助操作装置78被放入阴模工具部28中，则元件121至125为与蒙皮元件101连接相接触，则元件121至125可以相应于出现的相互位置和可能发生的情况下的相对情况的误差，进行自动补偿，由此可以避免缝隙和“填隙”。
由此实现至少若干元件121至125和蒙皮元件101的焊接，其中可能发生的情况下，未与蒙皮元件101相焊接的元件121至125，可和蒙皮元件101铆接或螺栓连接。铆接或螺栓连接尤其在很高的机械负荷时使用，例如用于连接主肋121和蒙皮元件101。焊接若干或全部元件121至125可以此类推参考图6至22所示的实施方式进行，并参考上述实施方式。与蒙皮元件101焊接前或在其焊接过程中，全部元件121至125或至少其若干可被相互焊接，此同样通过装配设备直接在其中进行。在与蒙皮元件101焊接的过程中，若干元件121至125和相邻的已经和蒙皮元件101相互焊接的肋相焊接，图25未示出上述肋。
优选地，在第二和第三变型中，根据图23，首先对蒙皮元件101的内部几何形状(所谓“内模线”或“IML”)进行三维测量，例如借助光学测量设备115，该蒙皮元件101在其加固后保留在阴模工具部28内。
按照第二和第三变型，作为预装配设备设计的装配设备36”’对每个元件121至125的位置针对所进行的测量，进行精确的调整，并对元件121至125的位置和排列进行保持。
第五实施方式的第二变型中，元件121至125在应用装配设备36”’前已经在内侧101a上定位和排列完毕，以使其在内侧101a上有尽可能小的缝隙。
“IML”的三维测量后，主肋121在装配设备36”’上被接收并针对三维测量的结果进行排列，此方式具有优势性。其他元件121至125在装配设备36”’上接收并完全或以点的形式被焊接，其中对于部分元件121至125的连接，可使用铆接和螺栓连接，尤其在高负荷区域。根据图25，借助操作装置78，装配设备36”’移至保留在阴模工具部28中的蒙皮元件101上，该蒙皮元件101可已经与肋110和桁条105相焊接，并在内侧101a上定位在所需位置，同时若干或全部元件121至125和蒙皮元件101相焊接，其中在每个链接区域又可使用铆接或螺栓连接。与相邻肋110的焊接亦可行。若干或全部元件121至125和蒙皮元件101的焊接完成，可根据图6至22所示的上述实施方式类推。如果元件121至125在预装配时只被相互黏住，则在焊接过程中或其后，可与蒙皮元件101完全焊接。
第三变型可视为第二变型的改变。在被放置于蒙皮元件101之前，不再将元件121至125于装配设备36”’上黏住或焊接，而是首先只根据三维测量对元件121至125进行调整。装配设备36”’借助操作装置78定位到蒙皮元件101上，其中又依据实际观察得到的位置上的缝隙根据需要调整元件121至125。于是与蒙皮元件101的焊接以及元件121至125自身的互相焊接可如上所述实现。
可选择地，在一个可分开的预装配装置中(未图示)，其可根据已进行的三维测量进行调整，可完成相互间以最小缝隙定位和排列的元件121至125的相互完全焊接，在以此方式预安装的门框结构120完全地安置在蒙皮元件101上之前，同时在其作为整体与蒙皮元件101在其内侧101a焊接之前，且在可能发生的情况下与已经具备的用于连接其与门框结构120的肋110焊接之前。在此变型中，每个区域不再使用焊接而使用铆接，尤其如高负荷区。
只要在装配设备36”’上，需要对元件121至125之间进行焊接过程，则装配设备36”’可具有适当的焊接设备，如焊接夹具，或具有适当的焊接设备的机器人可在元件121和125之间进行点焊或完全焊接。
由于可以对装配设备36”’进行调整，在所有变型中都可以有利地保持较小缝隙。遗留的缝隙可以在焊接过程中闭合。
根据第六实施方式，作为内侧结构13的元件，其用于结构组件150的蒙皮部151，特别是机身外壳10或者11，用于在窗130的区域加固蒙皮部151的窗框结构131，或者其元件，比如窗框132，与蒙皮元件101焊接。根据第七实施方式，支架145作为用于蒙皮部151内部负载转移结构13的元件，与蒙皮元件101焊接。根据第八实施方式，用于蒙皮部151的加倍装置140作为局部的、内部的加强结构13，与蒙皮元件101焊接，其中，所述加倍装置例如可以用于在门缺口区域对蒙皮进行增厚。窗框132或者窗框结构131，支架145和/或局部的加强结构140的焊接可以借助如图18示出的操作装置78以及合适的、适应的装配设备完成，其未在附图中更详细地示出，该焊接既可通过分开的方法步骤也可以与一个/多个肋110，或者一个/多个桁条105，或者门框结构120，或者元件121-125中的几个的焊接同时进行。在后一种情况下，前述装配设备可以相应地进行改进。鉴于压力和温度的施加可以参考前述的实施方式，类似地可以找到其应用。
作为据本发明实施方式制成的结构部件150的例子，图27示出了用于飞机机身的机身外壳。桁条105和肋110构成了例如内侧的、用于加固蒙皮部151的后部结构13。图27也示出了所述结构部件150的内侧162和外侧161。如果门框结构120与机身外壳结合，优选地是，当门的缺口包括门框结构120完全位于机身外壳内。这可以通过合理的对机身的分割而达到，参看图28A，28B。
在所有前述的本发明的实施方式中，使用高性能热塑性塑料作为用于蒙皮101，以及桁条105，肋110，门框结构120的元件121，122，123，124，125，窗框结构131的元件，加强元件140以及支架145的基体的热塑性塑料材料。在这种情况下，可使用例如聚芳醚酮(PAEK)，聚醚醚酮(PEEK)，或者这一类的材料。在前述实施方式中，焊接设备40设为通过软化和/或熔融该种热塑性塑料基体进行焊接。作为加强纤维，碳纤维，玻璃纤维或者其它合适的纤维，或者其混合被嵌入到热塑性塑料基体中。
只要局部需要或者希望，除了所述的焊接连接，还可以附加地在焊接的区域进行铆接或者螺栓连接，然而，可替代地，所述热塑性焊接连接可以在没有该种附加铆接或者螺栓连接的情况下提供。
尽管先前已经根据优选的实施方式完整地描述了本发明，但本发明不限于此，而是可以以多种方式和方法进行修改。
附图标记列表
1 飞机
3 机身
4 机翼
6 尾翼
7 尾翼
10 机身外壳
11 机身外壳
13 内侧结构
15 装置
15a 铺设头
16 装置
16a 设备
19 压模工具
20 相对运动
21 阳模工具部
22 表面(阳模工具部)
28 阴模工具部
29 成形表面(阴模工具部)
31 毛坯装置
36 装配设备
36’ 装配设备
36” 装配设备
36”’ 装配设备
37 第一部(装配设备36)
38 第二部(装配设备36)
39 分割线
40 焊接设备
40’ 焊接设备
42 冷却通道
43’ 焊接区域
44 接触区域
44’ 接触区域
45 凹槽(装配设备)
46 外侧(装配设备)
47 延伸部(凹槽)
48 充液垫
48a 外表皮(充液垫)
49 聚合物垫
49a 加热设备
49b 加热设备
50 基础部件(装配设备)
50’ 基础部件
51 夹紧设备
52 可替换嵌块
52a 外侧(可替换嵌块)
53 凹口(基础部件)
55 装置
64 加热滚筒
78 操作装置
79 移动方向
80 机器人手臂(操作装置)
91 可移动焊接单元和施压单元
98 焊接接头
99 区域
101 蒙皮元件
101a 内侧(蒙皮元件)
102 内侧表面(蒙皮元件)
105 桁条
106 足部区域(桁条)
110 肋
110a 基础型材(肋)
111 足部区域(肋)
112 稳定元件(肋)
112’ 稳定元件组件(肋)
113 凹槽(肋)
115 光学测量设备
120 门框结构
121 主肋
122 辅肋
123 肋间元件
124 梁
125 坎
130 窗
131 窗框结构
132 窗框
140 加倍装置
145 支架
150 结构部件
151 蒙皮部
161 外侧(结构部件)
162 内侧(结构部件)
236 运动学元件
237 弹性元件
E 嵌块
F 流体
K 力
K’ 力
K” 压紧力
L 纵向
R 径向
V 连接点

Claims (15)

1.一种用于制造用于飞行器或者航天器(1)的结构部件(150)的方法，其中，所述结构部件(150)包括：内侧(162)和外侧(161)；蒙皮部(151)；以及用于加固、加强或者负载转移的、内侧的、与蒙皮部(151)连接的结构(13)，其中，用于构造蒙皮部(151)的蒙皮元件(101)和所述内侧结构(13)的至少一个元件(105；110；121-125；132；140；145)分别由具有热塑性塑料基体的纤维复合材料构成，其中，所述内侧结构(13)的元件(105；110；121-125；132；140；145)与蒙皮元件(101)至少局部焊接，与此同时，蒙皮元件(101)保留在用于成形蒙皮元件(101)的前一步中使用的工具部(28)中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，用于加固蒙皮元件(101)使用的压模工具(19)的阴模工具部(28)设为所述工具部(28)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，在焊接过程中，所述内侧结构(13)的元件(105；110；121-125；132；140；145)至少局部塑性适应于蒙皮元件(101)，尤其是用于补偿内侧结构(13)的元件(105；110；121-125；132；140；145)和/或蒙皮元件(101)的加工制造误差。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述焊接是借助电感应，或者借助超声波，或者借助激光，或者通过与加热体的表面接触实现，其中作为加热体，特别是使用刚性压块(37，38；52；98)，或者充满加热流体(F)的垫(48)，或者加热的聚合物垫(49)，或者加热滚筒(64)，或者，所述方法的特征还在于所述焊接借助内侧结构(13)的元件(105；110；121-125；132；140；145)的局部加热，特别是借助红外线射线，以及借助内侧结构(13)的元件(105；110；121-125；132；140；145)与蒙皮元件(101)的后续接触而实现。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述焊接另外包括所述内侧结构(13)的元件(105；110；121-125；132；140；145)的至少局部的冷却。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在焊接过程中，压力至少作用于所述内侧结构(13)的元件(105；110；121-125；132；140；145)的一个区域(106；111)，其中，所述压力：
-借助刚性压块(37，38；52；98)和合适的用于使刚性压块(37，38；52；98)运动的运动学元件(236)或者为刚性压块(37，38)提供弹性运动的弹性元件(237)，或者
-借助充液的且至少局部可形变的垫(48)，或者
-借助弹性可形变的聚合物垫(49)，或者
-借助可转动的滚筒(64)，
作用于所述内侧结构(13)的元件(105；110；121-125；132；140；145)的所述区域(106；111)。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述焊接通过使用装配设备(36)实现，所述装配设备包括一个可替换的嵌块(52)或者多个可替换的嵌块(52)，用于接收所述内侧结构(13)的一个元件(105)或者多个元件(105)。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述内侧结构(13)作为用于蒙皮部(151)的后部结构，同时其特征还在于桁条(105)或者肋(110)作为所述内侧结构(13)的元件与蒙皮元件(101)至少局部焊接。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述内侧结构(13)的多个元件(105；110；121-125；132；140；145)在一个步骤里与蒙皮元件(101)焊接。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，多个桁条(105)作为所述内侧结构(13)的元件在一个步骤里与蒙皮元件(101)焊接。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，多个肋(110)作为所述内侧结构(13)的元件在一个步骤里与蒙皮元件(101)焊接，或者其特征还在于多个肋(110)作为内侧结构(13)的元件以先后的顺序依次与蒙皮元件(101)焊接。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述内侧结构(13)作为用于蒙皮部(151)的后部结构，同时其特征还在于门框结构(120)或者门框结构(120)的元件(121-125)作为所述内侧结构(13)的元件与蒙皮元件(101)至少局部焊接。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在蒙皮元件(151)的缺口区域用于加强和/或加固蒙皮元件(151)的元件，特别是窗框(132)或者窗框结构(131)的元件(132)，作为所述内侧结构(13)的元件与蒙皮元件(101)至少局部焊接。
14.一种用于制造用于飞行器或者航天器(1)的结构部件(150)的装置(55)，特别是借助前述权利要求所述的方法，其中，所述结构部件(150)包括内侧(162)和外侧(161)，蒙皮部(151)以及用于加固，加强或者负载转移的、内侧的、与蒙皮部(151)连接的结构(13)，其中，所述装置包括：
工具部(28)，其设为用于形成由具有热塑性塑料基体的纤维复合材料构成的蒙皮元件(101)以构成蒙皮部(151)，同时，其作为压模工具(19)的一部分，在压力和升高温度的作用下，用于将蒙皮元件(101)冲压为一体；
相对于工具部(28)可移动的装配设备(36；36'；36″；36″′)，其用于对所述内侧结构(13)的至少一个由具有热塑性塑料基体的纤维复合材料构成的元件(105；110；121-125；132；140；145)进行接收和/或夹紧以及定位；以及
焊接设备(40；40')，用于将所述内侧结构(13)的元件(105；110；121-125；132；140；145)与蒙皮元件(101)至少局部焊接。
15.根据权利要求14所述的装置，其特征在于，所述焊接设备(40')设为局部的、自适应的焊接单元和施压单元(91)的组成部分。
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