CN107470769B - Manufacturing method of aluminum-silver stainless steel composite plate for manufacturing low-temperature joint - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of aluminum-silver stainless steel composite plate for manufacturing low-temperature joint Download PDFInfo
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- CN107470769B CN107470769B CN201710547728.XA CN201710547728A CN107470769B CN 107470769 B CN107470769 B CN 107470769B CN 201710547728 A CN201710547728 A CN 201710547728A CN 107470769 B CN107470769 B CN 107470769B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/06—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy
- B23K20/08—Explosive welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/16—Composite materials, e.g. fibre reinforced
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Abstract
the invention belongs to the technical field of metal composite materials, in particular to a method for manufacturing an aluminum-silver stainless steel composite plate for manufacturing a low-temperature joint, which is characterized in that an aluminum plate, a silver plate and a stainless steel plate are compounded by two times of explosive welding, the low-temperature joint manufactured by the composite material manufactured by the invention has good reliability and high durability, can be used in an extreme low-temperature state after welding and can keep strict excellent airtight effect, the problem that the conventional aluminum-aluminum steel material has poor durability under a low-temperature condition is solved, the airtightness is higher, the low-temperature joint is particularly suitable for the low-temperature container industry, the storage and the transportation of vaccines, and the low-temperature reliability and the environmental adaptability of products are improved under the extreme low-temperature use condition of LNG (liquefied natural gas) and the like, the leakage rate is lower than 1 x 10 -9 Pa m 3/s through a helium mass spectrum detection test on the joint.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal composite materials, and particularly relates to a manufacturing method of an aluminum-silver stainless steel composite plate for manufacturing a low-temperature joint.
background
After the low-temperature joint is welded, the airtightness of the low-temperature joint is generally detected by helium mass spectrometry, and the leakage rate is required to be less than 1 × 10 -9 Pa m 3/s.
The low temperature joint among the prior art adopts aluminium-aluminium steel material combination mostly, but because when carrying out the joint welding, welding temperature can exceed 250 ℃ usually, aluminium steel transition joint's intensity can receive very big influence to the aluminium steel interface forms fragile iron-aluminium intermetallic compound easily, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminium and steel differs great moreover, this has just caused the joint to pass through aluminium and aluminium, behind steel and the steel welding operation, the not up to standard situation of helium mass spectrum detection often can appear, can't satisfy the operation requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
the invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a composite material of a low-temperature joint, the low-temperature joint manufactured by the composite material manufactured by the method has good reliability and high durability, and can meet the requirements of using in an extreme low-temperature state after welding and maintaining strict excellent airtight effect.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a manufacturing method of an aluminum silver stainless steel composite plate for manufacturing a low-temperature joint comprises the following steps:
1) Firstly, horizontally placing a stainless steel plate on a fine sand foundation, placing silver supports at intervals along the edge position of the upper surface of the stainless steel plate, then placing a silver plate at the upper end of the silver supports, laying a first protective layer on the upper surface of the silver plate, finally laying explosives on the first protective layer to form a first explosive layer, detonating by an industrial detonator, and removing explosive residues and the first protective layer to obtain a silver stainless steel composite blank;
2) Polishing the silver surface of the silver stainless steel composite blank prepared in the step 1), placing aluminum supports at intervals at the edge position of the upper surface of the silver stainless steel blank, then placing an aluminum plate at the upper end of the aluminum support, laying a second protective layer on the upper surface of the aluminum plate, finally laying explosives on the second protective layer to form a second explosive layer, detonating by an industrial detonator, and removing explosive residues and the second protective layer to obtain the aluminum-silver stainless steel composite blank;
3) Leveling the aluminum-silver stainless steel composite blank prepared in the step 2), determining and marking the positions of the silver support and the aluminum support through ultrasonic detection, and finally cutting the leveled aluminum-silver stainless steel composite blank into a plurality of aluminum-silver stainless steel composite plates for manufacturing low-temperature joints in a mechanical cold machining mode by avoiding the positions marked with the silver support and the aluminum support.
Preferably, the stainless steel plate is S31603, the size of the stainless steel plate is 20 multiplied by 1000mm, and before the silver support is placed in the step 1), the surface of the stainless steel plate is polished to remove dirt; the silver plate is 925 pure silver, and the size of the silver plate is 1 multiplied by 1000 mm; the aluminum plate was pure aluminum 1060 and had dimensions of 16X 1000 mm.
preferably, the placement interval of the silver supports is 480-520mm, the thickness of the silver supports is 0.8-1.2mm, and the height of the silver supports is 6-10 mm; the placing interval of the aluminum support is 480-520mm, the thickness of the aluminum support is 0.8-1.2mm, and the height of the aluminum support is 6-10 mm.
Preferably, the first protective layer and the second protective layer are both made of soft rubber plates, and the thicknesses of the first protective layer and the second protective layer are 1-2 mm.
preferably, the first explosive layer and the second explosive layer are both emulsion ammonium nitrate explosive mixed explosives, the explosion speed of the first explosive layer is 1600-1800 m/s, and the explosive laying thickness is 20-25 mm; the explosion speed of the second explosive layer is 1800-2000m/s, and the explosive spreading thickness is 30-40 mm.
Preferably, the first explosive layer and the second explosive layer are both initiated by a No. 8 industrial detonator.
Preferably, the mechanical cold working is water cutting.
Advantageous effects
As the silver and the steel cannot generate intermetallic compounds of the silver and the steel in the explosion process, as is known, the intermetallic compounds of gold are brittle phases, and are easy to form pores, microcracks and other tiny defects at the interface of the two metals, and as the silver is used as a material with good flexibility and ductility and plays a role in filling the defects of a steel matrix in the explosion welding process, the silver is used as a transition layer to play a role in enhancing the air tightness. The low-temperature joint manufactured by the aluminum-silver stainless steel composite plate manufactured by adopting the technical scheme has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the problem of the aluminium-aluminium steel material durability relatively poor under the low temperature condition before has been solved.
(2) The air tightness is higher, and the air tightness is particularly suitable for the low-temperature container industry, the storage and the transportation of vaccines, and the low-temperature reliability and the environmental adaptability of products are improved under the extreme low-temperature use conditions of LNG and the like.
(3) Through helium mass spectrum detection tests on the joint, the leakage rate is lower than 1 × 10 -9 Pa m 3/s, and the joint qualification rate reaches 100%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the implementation of step 1) of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the implementation of step 2) of the present invention;
The labels in the figure are: 1. fine sand foundation, 2, stainless steel plate, 3, silver support, 4, silver plate, 5, first protective layer, 6, first explosive layer, 7, industrial detonator, 8, silver stainless steel composite blank, 9, aluminum support, 10, aluminum plate, 11, second protective layer, 12 and second explosive layer.
Detailed Description
This embodiment further illustrates the invention by the following three specific examples.
Example 1:
1) Selecting a stainless steel plate 2 with the trade name of S31603 and the specification size of 20 multiplied by 1000mm, polishing and decontaminating the surface, horizontally placing the stainless steel plate on a fine sand foundation 1 as shown in figure 1 after the metallic luster is exposed, sequentially placing silver supports 3 along the outer edges of four edges of the stainless steel plate 2, wherein the distance between two adjacent silver supports 3 on each edge is 480mm, the thickness of each silver support 3 is 0.8mm, and the height of each silver support 3 is 6 mm; then a silver plate 4 is placed on the top of the silver support 3, 925 pure silver is selected as the silver plate 4, the specification size of the silver plate 4 is 1 multiplied by 1000mm, and a soft rubber plate with the thickness of 1mm is paved on the upper surface of the silver plate 4 to be used as a first protective layer 5 for protecting the silver plate 4; and finally, uniformly paving a layer of emulsified ammonium nitrate explosive mixed explosive on the soft rubber plate to serve as a first explosive layer 6, wherein the detonation velocity of the first explosive layer 6 is 1600 m/s, the explosive paving thickness is 20mm, inserting a No. 8 industrial detonator 7 in the middle of the first explosive layer 6 for detonation, and removing the detonation residues and the soft rubber plate to obtain the silver stainless steel composite blank 8.
2) Polishing the silver surface of the silver stainless steel composite blank 8 prepared in the step 1), and then horizontally placing the silver surface on a fine sand foundation 1, wherein aluminum supports 9 are placed at intervals on the edge of the upper surface of the silver stainless steel composite blank 8, the distance between every two adjacent aluminum supports 9 on each edge is 480mm, the thickness of each aluminum support 9 is 0.8mm, and the height of each aluminum support 9 is 6mm, as shown in figure 2; then an aluminum plate 10 is placed at the upper end of the aluminum support 9, the aluminum plate 10 is pure aluminum 1060, the size of the aluminum plate 10 is 16 multiplied by 1000mm, a soft rubber plate with the thickness of 1mm is paved on the upper surface of the aluminum plate 10 to serve as a second protective layer 11 for protecting the aluminum plate 10, finally, an emulsified ammonium nitrate explosive mixed explosive is paved on the second protective layer 11 to serve as a second explosive layer 12, the detonation velocity of the second explosive layer 12 is 1800m/s, the explosive paving thickness is 30mm, an 8-size industrial detonator 7 is inserted into the middle of the second explosive layer 12 to detonate, and explosive residues and the second protective layer 11 are removed to obtain the aluminum-silver stainless steel composite blank 8.
3) Leveling the aluminum-silver stainless steel composite blank 8 prepared in the step 2), determining and marking the positions of the silver support 3 and the aluminum support 9 through ultrasonic detection, and finally cutting the leveled aluminum-silver stainless steel composite blank 8 into a plurality of aluminum-silver stainless steel composite plates for manufacturing low-temperature joints in a water cutting mode by avoiding the positions marked with the silver support 3 and the aluminum support 9.
Example 2:
1) Selecting a stainless steel plate 2 with the trade mark of S31603 and the specification size of 20 multiplied by 1000mm, horizontally placing the stainless steel plate on a fine sand foundation 1 as shown in figure 1 after surface polishing and decontamination are carried out, exposing metal luster, sequentially placing silver supports 3 along the outer edges of four edges of the stainless steel plate 2, wherein the distance between every two adjacent silver supports 3 on each edge is 500mm, the thickness of each silver support 3 is 1mm, and the height of each silver support is 8 mm; then a silver plate 4 is placed on the top of the silver support 3, 925 pure silver is selected as the silver plate 4, the specification size of the silver plate 4 is 1 multiplied by 1000mm, and a soft rubber plate with the thickness of 1.5mm is paved on the upper surface of the silver plate 4 to be used as a first protective layer 5 for protecting the silver plate 4; and finally, uniformly paving a layer of emulsified ammonium nitrate explosive mixed explosive on the soft rubber plate to serve as a first explosive layer 6, wherein the detonation velocity of the first explosive layer 6 is 1700 m/s, the explosive paving thickness is 23mm, inserting a No. 8 industrial detonator 7 in the middle of the first explosive layer 6 for detonation, and removing the detonation residues and the soft rubber plate to obtain the silver stainless steel composite blank 8.
2) Polishing the silver surface of the silver stainless steel composite blank 8 prepared in the step 1), and then horizontally placing the silver surface on a fine sand foundation 1, wherein aluminum supports 9 are placed at intervals on the edge of the upper surface of the silver stainless steel composite blank 8, the distance between every two adjacent aluminum supports 9 on each edge is also 500mm, the thickness of each aluminum support 9 is 1mm, and the height of each aluminum support 9 is 8mm, as shown in fig. 2; then an aluminum plate 10 is placed at the upper end of the aluminum support 9, the aluminum plate 10 is pure aluminum 1060, the size of the aluminum plate 10 is 16 multiplied by 1000mm, a soft rubber plate with the thickness of 1.5mm is paved on the upper surface of the aluminum plate 10 to serve as a second protective layer 11 for protecting the aluminum plate 10, finally, an emulsified ammonium nitrate explosive mixed explosive is paved on the second protective layer 11 to serve as a second explosive layer 12, the detonation velocity of the second explosive layer 12 is 1900m/s, the explosive paving thickness is 35mm, a No. 8 industrial detonator 7 is inserted into the middle of the second explosive layer 12 for detonation, and explosive residues and the second protective layer 11 are removed to obtain the aluminum silver stainless steel composite blank 8.
3) Leveling the aluminum-silver stainless steel composite blank 8 prepared in the step 2), determining and marking the positions of the silver support 3 and the aluminum support 9 through ultrasonic detection, and finally cutting the leveled aluminum-silver stainless steel composite blank 8 into a plurality of aluminum-silver stainless steel composite plates for manufacturing low-temperature joints in a water cutting mode by avoiding the positions marked with the silver support 3 and the aluminum support 9.
Example 3:
1) Selecting a stainless steel plate 2 with the trade name of S31603 and the specification size of 20 multiplied by 1000mm, polishing and decontaminating the surface, horizontally placing the stainless steel plate on a fine sand foundation 1 as shown in figure 1 after the metallic luster is exposed, sequentially placing silver supports 3 along the outer edges of four edges of the stainless steel plate 2, wherein the distance between two adjacent silver supports 3 on each edge is 520mm, the thickness of each silver support 3 is 1.2mm, and the height of each silver support is 10 mm; then a silver plate 4 is placed on the top of the silver support 3, 925 pure silver is selected as the silver plate 4, the specification size of the silver plate 4 is 1 multiplied by 1000mm, and a soft rubber plate with the thickness of 2mm is paved on the upper surface of the silver plate 4 to be used as a first protective layer 5 for protecting the silver plate 4; and finally, uniformly paving a layer of emulsified ammonium nitrate explosive mixed explosive on the soft rubber plate to serve as a first explosive layer 6, wherein the detonation velocity of the first explosive layer 6 is 1800m/s, the explosive paving thickness is 25mm, inserting a No. 8 industrial detonator 7 in the middle of the first explosive layer 6 for detonation, and removing the detonation residues and the soft rubber plate to obtain the silver stainless steel composite blank 8.
2) Polishing the silver surface of the silver stainless steel composite blank 8 prepared in the step 1), and then horizontally placing the silver surface on a fine sand foundation 1, wherein aluminum supports 9 are placed at intervals on the edge of the upper surface of the silver stainless steel composite blank 8, the distance between every two adjacent aluminum supports 9 on each edge is 520mm, the thickness of each aluminum support 9 is 1.2mm, and the height of each aluminum support is 10mm, as shown in fig. 2; then an aluminum plate 10 is placed at the upper end of the aluminum support 9, the aluminum plate 10 is pure aluminum 1060, the size of the aluminum plate 10 is 16 multiplied by 1000mm, a soft rubber plate with the thickness of 2mm is paved on the upper surface of the aluminum plate 10 to serve as a second protective layer 11 for protecting the aluminum plate 10, finally, an emulsified ammonium nitrate explosive mixed explosive is paved on the second protective layer 11 to serve as a second explosive layer 12, the detonation velocity of the second explosive layer 12 is 2000m/s, the explosive paving thickness is 40mm, an 8-size industrial detonator 7 is inserted into the middle of the second explosive layer 12 to detonate, and explosive residues and the second protective layer 11 are removed to obtain the aluminum-silver stainless steel composite blank 8.
3) leveling the aluminum-silver stainless steel composite blank 8 prepared in the step 2), determining and marking the positions of the silver support 3 and the aluminum support 9 through ultrasonic detection, and finally cutting the leveled aluminum-silver stainless steel composite blank 8 into a plurality of aluminum-silver stainless steel composite plates for manufacturing low-temperature joints in a water cutting mode by avoiding the positions marked with the silver support 3 and the aluminum support 9.
Finally, the stainless steel composite plates manufactured in examples 1, 2 and 3 were processed into the cryogenic joints by the numerical control center, five cryogenic joints of the stainless steel composite plates manufactured in examples 1, 2 and 3 were respectively taken and helium mass spectrometry was performed, wherein the cryogenic joints manufactured by the stainless steel composite plate manufactured in example 1 are respectively designated by 101, 102, 103, 104 and 105, the cryogenic joints manufactured by the stainless steel composite plate manufactured in example 2 are respectively designated by 201, 202, 203, 204 and 205, the cryogenic joints manufactured by the stainless steel composite plate manufactured in example 3 are respectively designated by 301, 302, 303, 304 and 305, the detection time is five minutes, and the detection results are as follows:
The detection results in the table show that the leakage rate of the low-temperature joint processed by the stainless steel composite plate manufactured by the manufacturing method of the aluminum-silver stainless steel composite plate for manufacturing the low-temperature joint is lower than 1 × 10 -9 Pa m 3/s, the qualified rate of helium mass spectrum detection reaches 100%, and the low-temperature joint can be widely applied to industries with strict air tightness requirements such as petrifaction and medical treatment and meets the use requirements.
Claims (5)
1. A manufacturing method of an aluminum-silver stainless steel composite plate for manufacturing a low-temperature joint is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Firstly, horizontally placing a stainless steel plate on a fine sand foundation, placing silver supports at intervals along the edge position of the upper surface of the stainless steel plate, then placing a silver plate at the upper end of the silver supports, laying a first protective layer on the upper surface of the silver plate, finally laying explosives on the first protective layer to form a first explosive layer, detonating by an industrial detonator, and removing explosive residues and the first protective layer to obtain a silver stainless steel composite blank;
2) Polishing the silver surface of the silver stainless steel composite blank prepared in the step 1), placing aluminum supports at intervals at the edge position of the upper surface of the silver stainless steel composite blank, then placing an aluminum plate at the upper end of the aluminum support, laying a second protective layer on the upper surface of the aluminum plate, finally laying explosives on the second protective layer to form a second explosive layer, detonating by an industrial detonator, and removing explosive residues and the second protective layer to obtain the aluminum-silver stainless steel composite blank;
3) leveling the aluminum-silver stainless steel composite blank prepared in the step 2), determining and marking the positions of the silver support and the aluminum support through ultrasonic detection, and finally cutting the leveled aluminum-silver stainless steel composite blank into a plurality of aluminum-silver stainless steel composite plates for manufacturing low-temperature joints in a mechanical cold machining mode by avoiding the positions marked with the silver support and the aluminum support;
The placing interval of the silver support is 480-520mm, the thickness of the silver support is 0.8-1.2mm, and the height of the silver support is 6-10 mm; the placing interval of the aluminum support is 480-520mm, the thickness of the aluminum support is 0.8-1.2mm, and the height of the aluminum support is 6-10 mm;
The first explosive layer and the second explosive layer are both emulsion ammonium nitrate explosive mixed explosives, the explosion speed of the first explosive layer is 1600-1800 m/s, and the explosive laying thickness is 20-25 mm; the explosion speed of the second explosive layer is 1800-2000m/s, and the explosive spreading thickness is 30-40 mm.
2. The manufacturing method of the aluminum silver stainless steel composite plate for manufacturing the cryogenic joint as claimed in claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: the grade of the stainless steel plate is S31603, the size of the stainless steel plate is 20 multiplied by 1000mm, and before the silver support is placed in the step 1), the surface of the stainless steel plate is polished to remove dirt; the silver plate is 925 pure silver, and the size of the silver plate is 1 multiplied by 1000 mm; the aluminum plate was pure aluminum 1060 and had dimensions of 16X 1000 mm.
3. The manufacturing method of the aluminum silver stainless steel composite plate for manufacturing the cryogenic joint as claimed in claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: the first protective layer and the second protective layer are both made of soft rubber plates, and the thickness of the first protective layer and the thickness of the second protective layer are both 1-2 mm.
4. the manufacturing method of the aluminum silver stainless steel composite plate for manufacturing the cryogenic joint as claimed in claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: and the first explosive layer and the second explosive layer are both detonated through a No. 8 industrial detonator.
5. The manufacturing method of the aluminum silver stainless steel composite plate for manufacturing the cryogenic joint as claimed in claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: the mechanical cold working is water cutting.
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| US3493353A (en) * | 1965-10-23 | 1970-02-03 | Du Pont | Metal composites with low-melt content bonds |
| US4612259A (en) * | 1981-03-05 | 1986-09-16 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Titanium clad steel plate |
| CN100408247C (en) * | 2006-03-13 | 2008-08-06 | 洛阳双瑞金属复合材料有限公司 | Production of Hastelloy B-3 composite material of steel and metal |
| CN103464887B (en) * | 2012-11-05 | 2015-11-04 | 大连船舶重工集团爆炸加工研究所有限公司 | The manufacture method of LNG ship aluminium/titanium/nickel/stainless steel four layers of composite plate |
| CN103660429B (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2017-03-01 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | A kind of multi-layer metal composite plate and preparation method thereof |
| CN103706940B (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2015-10-28 | 曾智恒 | A kind of explosion welding method of copper-aluminium composite material |
| CN204725943U (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-10-28 | 安徽润阳复合材料有限公司 | A kind of stainless steel with aluminium transition zone and aluminium alloy explosive clad plate |
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