CN107469732B - A kind of method that stalk staged conversion utilizes - Google Patents

A kind of method that stalk staged conversion utilizes Download PDF

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CN107469732B
CN107469732B CN201710643591.8A CN201710643591A CN107469732B CN 107469732 B CN107469732 B CN 107469732B CN 201710643591 A CN201710643591 A CN 201710643591A CN 107469732 B CN107469732 B CN 107469732B
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stalk
solid residue
solid
alkalization
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CN107469732A (en
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常春
白净
方书起
陈俊英
李洪亮
韩秀丽
刘利平
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Zhengzhou University
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    • C09K23/00Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08BPOLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B11/00Preparation of cellulose ethers
    • C08B11/02Alkyl or cycloalkyl ethers
    • C08B11/04Alkyl or cycloalkyl ethers with substituted hydrocarbon radicals
    • C08B11/10Alkyl or cycloalkyl ethers with substituted hydrocarbon radicals substituted with acid radicals
    • C08B11/12Alkyl or cycloalkyl ethers with substituted hydrocarbon radicals substituted with acid radicals substituted with carboxylic radicals, e.g. carboxymethylcellulose [CMC]
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08HDERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08H6/00Macromolecular compounds derived from lignin, e.g. tannins, humic acids

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Abstract

The invention belongs to biomass straw trans-utilization technical fields, a kind of more particularly to method that stalk staged conversion utilizes, the following steps are included: the stalk that collection is obtained is after crushed, transglycosylation reaction is carried out with laruyl alcohol, liquid after separation of solid and liquid obtains the surfactant containing glucosides after being evaporated under reduced pressure, and the higher aliphatic of recycling can recycle.Solid residue after separation of solid and liquid obtains lignin through alkali soluble, acid out.Remaining cellulose residue is further alkalized and is etherified, and carboxymethyl cellulose can be produced.The obtained product of the technical process includes: surfactant, carboxymethyl cellulose and lignin, and the high-valued staged conversion for realizing biomass straw utilizes.

Description

A kind of method that stalk staged conversion utilizes
Technical field
The invention belongs to biomass straw trans-utilization technical field more particularly to a kind of sides that stalk staged conversion utilizes Method may be implemented the cellulose in stalk, hemicellulose and lignin component and be separately converted to surfactant, carboxymethyl cellulose The method of element and lignin.
Background technique
China is one of the most abundant country of stalk resource in the world, and annual output can reach 8.4 × 108Ton.But stalk provides Source is not utilized rationally for a long time, burns and arbitrarily discarding phenomenon is more serious, this not only causes the wasting of resources, The problems such as environmental pollution are caused.Therefore, how effectively to develop and use stalk resource is always that people urgently pay close attention to Problem.
Currently, stalk resource is gradually applied in many fields, such as: straw-returning (CN106278537A), stalk Papermaking (CN104313930A), straw plastic (CN203013150A), stalk marsh gas (CN104561112A), straw power generation (CN101886558A), straw ethanol (CN201817468U) etc..In different application areas, the technical approach of stover Mainly there are physical transformations, thermochemical study and bioconversion etc.;Although the trans-utilization mode of stalk is more, generally existing turn Change the deficiencies of low efficiency, conversion condition are harsh, economy of trans-utilization is poor.Therefore, efficient, mild conversion work is developed Skill, and making full use of the high-valued classified utilization of stalk each component is a kind of effective conversion method.
In recent years, it attempts of increasing concern to the high-valued classified utilization of stalk progress.By will be by the fiber in stalk Element, hemicellulose and lignin are effectively separated, and are further converted to high value-added product, are that stalk resource produces Industryization applies a kind of most potential Land use systems.Steam blasting is a kind of more stage division of current research.Such as: using two The method of secondary steam blasting can carry out the separation (CN104404803A) of stalk cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin;It utilizes Steam blasting combination water method for extracting, hemicellulose can be separated, be further subject to cellulose by alcohol fermentation It utilizes, the residue after fermentation can extract lignin, to realize the maximization (CN 101643796A) of straw utilization;Together Sample is classified the separation that stalk tissue level can be achieved using steam blasting-mechanical carding, realizes the comprehensive utilization of stalk (CN101058948 A);In addition, having on the basis of steam puffed stalk raw material and carrying out component using stalk carboxymethylation acetylation Isolated method (CN101463091) (CN101139400).The above method is all built upon on the basis of steam blasting, but by It is usually carried out under conditions of high temperature and pressure in steam blasting preconditioning technique, therefore the energy consumption of steam explosion process can be as stalk point The major obstacle that grade utilizes.CN105884907 discloses a kind of straw component separation and prepares ultra low viscosity carboxymethyl cellulose Method.The technique extracts lignin using Acid hydrolysis hemicellulose and organic solvent, realizes the classified utilization of straw component. But the hydrolysis that hemicellulose is carried out using acid, needs to carry out in autoclave, higher reaction pressure is also unfavorable for the big of process Scale is implemented.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that stalk staged conversion utilizes, which has anti-using method It answers simple condition, high conversion efficiency, be convenient for the advantages of large-scale promotion.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
A kind of method that stalk staged conversion utilizes, comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation of surfactant: being crushed to 20~80 mesh for stalk, is first added higher aliphatic, stalk with it is advanced The mass ratio of fatty alcohol is 1: 5~20, adds acid catalyst and carries out transglycosylation reaction, catalyst quality is dense in reaction system Degree is 1~10%, 80~150 DEG C of reaction temperature, 1~10 h of reaction time, is carried out after transglycosylation reaction solid for the first time Liquid separates to obtain solid residue A and filtrate A, and filtrate A adjusts pH value to 2~6, then with mass concentration 10~30% through MgO first Aqueous slkali adjust pH value to 7~10 neutralizer, neutralizer is in the case where temperature is 120~180 DEG C, pressure is 0.1~0.6 kPa Distill dealcoholysis, the pure and mild stalk surfactant containing glucosides of the higher aliphatic recycled;
(2) aqueous slkali that mass concentration is 1~10% preparation of lignin: is added in the solid residue A in step (1) The mass ratio of alkali soluble, solid residue A and aqueous slkali be 1: 5~20,50~70 DEG C of alkali soluble temperature, 1~10 h of alkali soluble time, alkali Solid residue B and liquor B are separated by solid-liquid separation to obtain after cementing beam for the second time, liquor B is evaporated under reduced pressure to sample concentration liquid, then Sample concentration liquid pH value is adjusted to 1~2 with the hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid of 1 ~ 5 mol/L, and the filter residue of precipitation is lignin;
(3) aqueous slkali and 60 ~ 80% ethyl alcohol the preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose: are added in the solid residue B in step (2) Solution alkalizes, and the mass ratio of solid residue B and aqueous slkali is 1: 1 ~ 5, and the mass ratio of solid residue B and ethyl alcohol is 1: 10~ 15,20~40 DEG C of alkalization temperature, 0.5~2 h of alkalization time obtains the solid residue C of alkalization;Then to the solid residue C of alkalization Middle addition monoxone is etherified, and the solid residue C of alkalization and quality of chloroacetic acid ratio are 1: 1~3, and 55~75 DEG C of etherification temperature, 1~3 h of etherification time, obtains etherate;Etherate pH value is adjusted to 7~8, then with 75% ethanol washing 2 with the hydrochloric acid of 1mol/L ~3 times, dry to obtain carboxymethyl cellulose.
Further, the higher aliphatic in the step (1) is laruyl alcohol, and the higher aliphatic of recycling can recycle benefit With.
Further, the stalk is wheat stalk and corn stover.
Further, the aqueous slkali is NaOH or KOH solution.
Further, the acid catalyst is sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
Present invention has the advantage that
1. the present invention realizes the high-valued classified utilization of three kinds of components of straw biomass, which can obtain simultaneously To products such as surfactant, carboxymethyl cellulose and lignin, the comprehensive utilization value of stalk is effectively increased;
2. entire technical process use mild reaction condition, do not need high temperature, high pressure reaction condition under carry out, gram The deficiencies of having taken prior art production process at high cost, low efficiency;
3. directly being passed through using stalk and laruyl alcohol and being turned the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of stalk surfactant Glycosylation reaction obtains, and reactant can be obtained by simple separating step;
4. the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of carboxymethyl cellulose, using glycosylation and alkaline process by hemicellulose with Further carboxymethyl cellulose is made by alkalization and etherificate in lignin separation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is process flow chart of the invention;
Fig. 2 is lignin infrared spectrogram.
Specific embodiment
Stalk staged conversion of the invention utilizes method, and process flow chart is as shown in Figure 1.Obtained stalk is collected through crushing Afterwards, transglycosylation reaction is carried out with laruyl alcohol, it is living that the liquid after separation of solid and liquid obtains the surface containing glucosides after being evaporated under reduced pressure Property agent, the higher aliphatic of recycling can recycle.Solid residue after separation of solid and liquid obtains lignin through alkali soluble, acid out. Remaining cellulose residue is further alkalized and is etherified, and carboxymethyl cellulose can be produced.The obtained product of the technical process It include: the surfactant containing glucosides, carboxymethyl cellulose and lignin, the high-valued classification for realizing biomass straw turns Change and utilizes.
Wherein, glucosides is a kind of surfactant haveing excellent performance, and the obtained surfactant containing glucosides passes through Drop-volume method determines surface tension, and emulsion process determines HLB value, determines wetting time using standard (HG/T2575-94); Cellulose is made carboxymethyl cellulose by alkalization and etherificate and passes through indicator determination of acid-basetitration degree of substitution;By alkali The lignin that molten, acid out obtains is measured by infrared spectroscopy, from figure 2 it can be seen that 3429 cm-1Corresponding absorption peak For the stretching vibration of-OH of aromatic series and aliphatic compound;2930cm-1Corresponding absorption peak is aromatic series and aliphatic compound - the CH of object3With-CH2C-H stretching vibration;1654cm-1For C=O vibration peak, the cm of l600~1500-1For the vibration of fragrant ring skeleton Dynamic absorption peak;These absorption peaks are the characteristic absorption peak of lignin.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1
The wheat stalk for taking 25 g to be crushed to 40 mesh is added the mixing of 250 g laruyl alcohols, a small amount of sulphur is added in reaction vessel Acid is catalyst, and the mass concentration of sulfuric acid in the reaction system is 1%, and 120 DEG C of reaction temperature, 3 h of reaction time, reaction terminates Carrying out first time separation of solid and liquid afterwards, filtrate A and solid residue A obtained after separation, filtrate A adjust pH value to 2 through MgO first, Then pH to 7 being adjusted with the NaOH of mass concentration 10~30% and obtaining neutralizer, neutralizer distills de- under 120 DEG C, 0.1 kPa Alcohol, residue are surfactant, and totally 11.5 grams, the surface tension of surfactant is 26 mN/m, HLB value 18, wetting time 12 s are recycled after the laruyl alcohol sloughed is recovered.
Collection is separated by solid-liquid separation obtained solid residue A for the first time, and the NaOH solution that mass concentration is 2% is added, and solid-to-liquid ratio is 1: 10, it 70 DEG C of reaction temperature, 5 h of reaction time, carries out being separated by solid-liquid separation for second after reaction, liquor B obtained after separation With solid residue B, liquor B is evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain sample concentration liquid, with 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid or sulphur acid for adjusting pH to 1~2, is precipitated Filter residue be lignin, totally 3.2 grams.
Collection is separated by solid-liquid separation obtained solid residue B for the second time, addition alkali and 60% ethyl alcohol of volumetric concentration, solid residue B and The mass ratio of the mass ratio 1: 2 of alkali, solid residue B and ethyl alcohol is 1: 10, and 20 DEG C of alkalization temperature, 2 h of alkalization time must alkalize Solid residue C.Monoxone is added into the solid residue C of alkalization to be etherified, the solid residue C and quality of chloroacetic acid of alkalization Than being 1: 3,75 DEG C of reaction temperature, 1 h of reaction time.After etherificate, with 11mol/L hydrochloric acid adjust etherate pH to 7~ 8, with 75% ethanol washing of volumetric concentration 2~3 times, drying obtains carboxymethyl cellulose, and totally 35.2 grams, degree of substitution 1.05.
Embodiment 2
The corn stover for taking 25 g to be crushed to 60 mesh is added the mixing of 125 g laruyl alcohols, a small amount of sulphur is added in reaction vessel Acid is catalyst, and the mass concentration of sulfuric acid in the reaction system is 3%, and 100 DEG C of reaction temperature, 5 h of reaction time, reaction terminates First time separation of solid and liquid, filtrate A and solid residue A obtained after separation are carried out afterwards, and filtrate A adjusts pH to 4 through MgO first, so PH to 8 is adjusted with the KOH of mass concentration 10~30% afterwards and obtains neutralizer, and for neutralizer at 150 DEG C, 0.3 kPa distills dealcoholysis, remaining Object is surfactant, and totally 12.3 grams, 24 mN/m of surface tension of surfactant, HLB value 16,12 s of wetting time takes off It is recycled after the laruyl alcohol gone is recovered.
Collection is separated by solid-liquid separation obtained solid residue A for the first time, and the NaOH solution that mass concentration is 5% is added, and solid-to-liquid ratio is 1: 15, it 50 DEG C of reaction temperature, 10 h of reaction time, carries out being separated by solid-liquid separation for second after reaction, filtrate obtained after separation B and solid residue B, liquor B are evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain sample concentration liquid, with 3 mol/L hydrochloric acid or sulphur acid for adjusting pH to 1~2, are precipitated Filter residue be lignin, totally 2.9 grams.
Collection is separated by solid-liquid separation obtained solid residue B for the second time, addition alkali and 70% ethyl alcohol of volumetric concentration, solid residue B and The mass ratio of the mass ratio 1: 1.5 of alkali, solid residue B and ethyl alcohol is 1: 15, and 20 DEG C of alkalization temperature, 2 h of time obtains alkalization Then solid residue C is added monoxone to the solid residue C of alkalization and is etherified, the solid residue C and quality of chloroacetic acid of alkalization Than being 1: 1,75 DEG C of reaction temperature, 1.5 h of reaction time.After etherificate, with 1mol/L salt acid for adjusting pH to 7~8, body is used Product 75% ethanol washing of concentration 2~3 times, drying obtains carboxymethyl cellulose, and totally 35.9 grams, degree of substitution 1.03.
Embodiment 3
The wheat stalk for taking 25 g to be crushed to 80 mesh is added the mixing of 375 g laruyl alcohols, a small amount of salt is added in reaction vessel Acid is catalyst, and the mass concentration of hydrochloric acid in the reaction system is 5%, and 80 DEG C of reaction temperature, 10 h of reaction time, reaction is tied First time separation of solid and liquid, filtrate A and solid residue A obtained after separation are carried out after beam, filtrate A adjusts pH to 6 through MgO first, Then pH to 10 is adjusted with the NaOH of mass concentration 10~30% obtain neutralizer, for neutralizer at 180 DEG C, 0.6 kPa distills dealcoholysis, Residue is surfactant, and totally 11.7 grams, 26 mN/m of surface tension of product, HLB value 18,13 s of wetting time is sloughed It is recycled after laruyl alcohol is recovered.
Collection is separated by solid-liquid separation obtained solid residue A for the first time, and the NaOH solution that mass concentration is 10%, solid-to-liquid ratio is added It is 1: 5,60 DEG C of reaction temperature, 8 h of reaction time, carries out being separated by solid-liquid separation for second after reaction, filtrate obtained after separation B and solid residue B, liquor B are evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain sample concentration liquid, with 5mol/L hydrochloric acid or sulphur acid for adjusting pH to 1~2, are precipitated Filter residue be lignin, totally 3.1 grams.
Collection is separated by solid-liquid separation obtained solid residue B for the second time, addition alkali and 70% ethyl alcohol of volumetric concentration, solid residue B and The mass ratio of the mass ratio 1: 2 of alkali, solid residue B and ethyl alcohol is 1: 12, and 30 DEG C of alkalization temperature, 1 h of time obtains consolidating for alkalization Body residue C.Then monoxone is added into the solid residue C of alkalization to be etherified, the solid residue C and quality of chloroacetic acid of alkalization Than being 1: 2,65 DEG C of reaction temperature, 2 h of reaction time.After etherificate, with 1mol/L salt acid for adjusting pH to 7~8, then body is used Product 75% ethanol washing of concentration 2~3 times, drying obtains carboxymethyl cellulose, and totally 34.9 grams, degree of substitution 1.05.
Embodiment 4
The corn stover for taking 25 g to be crushed to 20 mesh is added the mixing of 500 g laruyl alcohols, a small amount of salt is added in reaction vessel Acid is catalyst, and the mass concentration of hydrochloric acid in the reaction system is 10%, 150 DEG C of reaction temperature, 1 h of reaction time, is reacted After carry out first time separation of solid and liquid, filtrate A and solid residue A obtained after separation, filtrate A first through MgO adjust pH to 2, pH to 7 then, which is adjusted, with the KOH of mass concentration 10~30% obtains neutralizer, for neutralizer at 140 DEG C, 0.3 kPa distills dealcoholysis, Residue is surfactant, totally 11.9 grams, 25 mN/m of surface tension of surfactant, HLB value 16, and 13 s of wetting time, It is recycled after the laruyl alcohol sloughed is recovered.
Collection is separated by solid-liquid separation obtained solid residue A for the first time, and the NaOH solution that quality volume is 1% is added, and solid-to-liquid ratio is 1: 20, it 70 DEG C of reaction temperature, 4 h of reaction time, carries out being separated by solid-liquid separation for second after reaction, liquor B obtained after separation With solid residue B, liquor B is evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain sample concentration liquid, with 1mol/L hydrochloric acid or sulphur acid for adjusting pH to 1~2, is precipitated Filter residue be lignin, totally 2.8 grams.
Collection is separated by solid-liquid separation obtained solid residue B for the second time, addition alkali and 80% ethyl alcohol of volumetric concentration, solid residue B and The mass ratio of the mass ratio 1: 1 of alkali, solid residue B and ethyl alcohol is 1: 10, and 40 DEG C of alkalization temperature, 0.5 h of time obtains alkalization Solid residue C.Then monoxone is added into the solid residue C of alkalization to be etherified, the solid residue C and monoxone matter of alkalization Amount than be 1: 1,55 DEG C of reaction temperature, 3 h of reaction time.After etherificate, with 2 mol/L salt acid for adjusting pH to 7~8, use 75% ethanol washing 2~3 times, drying obtain carboxymethyl cellulose, and totally 36.0 grams, degree of substitution 1.04.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of method that stalk staged conversion utilizes, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of surfactant: stalk is crushed to 20~80 mesh, higher aliphatic, stalk and higher aliphatic is first added The mass ratio of alcohol is 1: 5~20, adds acid catalyst and carries out transglycosylation reaction, catalyst quality concentration is in reaction system 1~10%, 80~150 DEG C of reaction temperature, 1~10 h of reaction time, first time solid-liquid point is carried out after transglycosylation reaction From solid residue A and filtrate A is obtained, filtrate A adjusts pH value to 2~6 through MgO first, then uses the alkali soluble of mass concentration 10~30% Liquid adjust pH value to 7~10 neutralizer, neutralizer distills in the case where temperature is 120~180 DEG C, pressure is 0.1~0.6 kPa Dealcoholysis, the pure and mild stalk surfactant containing glucosides of the higher aliphatic recycled;
(2) preparation of lignin: being added the aqueous slkali alkali soluble that mass concentration is 1~10% in the solid residue A in step (1), The mass ratio of solid residue A and aqueous slkali is 1: 5~20, and 50~70 DEG C of alkali soluble temperature, 1~10 h of alkali soluble time, alkali soluble terminates After be separated by solid-liquid separation to obtain solid residue B and liquor B for the second time, liquor B is evaporated under reduced pressure to concentrate, then with 1 ~ 5 mol/ The hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid of L adjusts concentrate pH value to 1~2, and the filter residue of precipitation is lignin;
(3) aqueous slkali and volumetric concentration 60 ~ 80% preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose: are added in the solid residue B in step (2) Ethanol solution alkalize, the mass ratio of solid residue B and aqueous slkali is 1: 1 ~ 5, and the mass ratio of solid residue B and ethyl alcohol is 1: 10~15,20~40 DEG C of alkalization temperature, 0.5~2 h of alkalization time obtains the solid residue C of alkalization;Then consolidating to alkalization Monoxone is added in body residue C to be etherified, the solid residue C and quality of chloroacetic acid ratio of alkalization are 1: 1~3, etherification temperature 55 ~75 DEG C, 1~3 h of etherification time obtains etherate;Etherate pH value is adjusted to 7~8 with the hydrochloric acid of 1 ~ 5 mol/L, is then used 75% ethanol washing 2~3 times, dries to obtain carboxymethyl cellulose.
2. the method that stalk staged conversion as described in claim 1 utilizes, it is characterised in that: advanced in the step (1) Fatty alcohol is laruyl alcohol, and the higher aliphatic of recycling recycles.
3. the method that stalk staged conversion as described in claim 1 utilizes, it is characterised in that: the stalk is wheat stalk Or/and corn stover.
4. the method that stalk staged conversion as described in claim 1 utilizes, it is characterised in that: the aqueous slkali be NaOH or KOH solution.
5. the method that stalk staged conversion as described in claim 1 utilizes, it is characterised in that: the acid catalyst be sulfuric acid or Hydrochloric acid.
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DE4443086A1 (en) * 1994-12-03 1996-06-05 Huels Chemische Werke Ag Process for the distillative separation of fatty alcohol from fatty alcoholic alkyl polyglycoside solutions
CN101463091B (en) * 2009-01-16 2010-10-27 中国科学院过程工程研究所 Method for separating stalk carboxymethylation components and preparing stalk carboxymethyl cellulose
CN102659594B (en) * 2012-05-03 2014-10-29 郑州大学 Method for preparing ethyl levulinate by using straw-type biomass
CN103145881B (en) * 2013-03-29 2015-04-22 南开大学 Method for preparing hemicellulose from maize straws by adopting solid base catalyst
CN104151448A (en) * 2014-07-31 2014-11-19 华南理工大学 Xylan derivative with terminal olefinic link as well as preparation method and application thereof
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