CN107469268B - Water-based fire extinguishing agent - Google Patents
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- CN107469268B CN107469268B CN201710935719.8A CN201710935719A CN107469268B CN 107469268 B CN107469268 B CN 107469268B CN 201710935719 A CN201710935719 A CN 201710935719A CN 107469268 B CN107469268 B CN 107469268B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/0035—Aqueous solutions
- A62D1/0042—"Wet" water, i.e. containing surfactant
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0071—Foams
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Abstract
The present invention relates to fire extinguishing agents, and more particularly, it relates to water-based fire extinguishing agents. The key points of the technical scheme are as follows: comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of diluent, 3-7 parts of foaming agent, 1-3 parts of foam stabilizer, 0.5-1.5 parts of conditioning agent and water for dissolving the components. By using the formula, the fire extinguishing agent can form stable foam on the surfaces of liquid and solid, has excellent anti-burning performance, and can effectively extinguish hydrocarbon liquid (B type) fire and A type fire.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to fire extinguishing agents, and more particularly, it relates to water-based fire extinguishing agents.
Background
The fire extinguishing agent is a substance which can effectively destroy combustion conditions and terminate combustion; the fire extinguishing mechanism mainly comprises: cooling, asphyxiation, isolation and chemical inhibition. The fire extinguishing agent is divided into three categories of liquid fire extinguishing agent, solid fire extinguishing agent and gas fire extinguishing agent according to the state characteristics of the fire extinguishing agent.
The Halon fire extinguishing agent in the gaseous fire extinguishing agent has the characteristics of high fire extinguishing speed, capability of extinguishing flame in a very short time, small using amount, easiness in gasification, non-conductivity and the like, and is used all over the world once being published. However, the Halon fire extinguishing agent contains alkyl halide, and when the halogen atoms are separated from the discharged atmosphere through the reaction of solar ultraviolet radiation, the ozone layer of the atmosphere can be damaged, so that the human health and the ecological environment are influenced. Therefore, the international society of 1985-1987 has set the corresponding convention and protocol to prohibit the use of this type of fire extinguisher, and our country has also completely abolished the use of this type of fire extinguisher.
After the Halon fire extinguishing agent, various countries search for the fire extinguishing agent replacing Halon, which is a theme responding to the safety and environmental protection of the current society, searches for the fire extinguishing agent which not only can quickly extinguish fire, but also has affinity to the environment and does not damage the ecological environment, and the exploration and research of water system fire extinguishing agents become a great hotspot. Water is the most abundant natural fire extinguishing agent as a non-combustible liquid and is most widely used. However, water is easy to flow, the retention time of the water sprayed to a combustion area is short, most of the water is lost, only a small part of the water plays a role in the actual fire extinguishing process, the waste rate is high, and the after-combustion resistance is poor. At present, many water-based fire extinguishing agents have been reported, mainly for slowing down the fluidity of water, thickening agents, wetting agents, fire retardants or other auxiliary agents are added into water, and different substances are added according to different types of fires to enhance the fire extinguishing function of water.
The Chinese invention patent CN1223893A discloses a high-efficiency water-based fire extinguishing agent, which takes ammonium bromide as a main component and ammonium polyphosphate as an auxiliary component and is mainly used for forest and oil field fires;
chinese invention patent CN1530152A discloses an environment-friendly reinforced water-based fire extinguishing agent, which comprises 25-40 wt% of fluorocarbon surfactant, 10-25 wt% of composite antifreeze, 20-40 wt% of foam stabilizer, 2-8 wt% of fire retardant and 15-25 wt% of solvent, and is characterized in that the fluorocarbon surfactant is anionic, cationic, amphoteric or nonionic surfactant, the composite antifreeze is a mixture of inorganic salt and polyhydric alcohol, the foam stabilizer is ethylene glycol butyl ether or diethylene glycol butyl ether, the fire retardant is phosphate, and the solvent is cellosolve, carbitol or dow alcohol.
The Chinese invention patent CN1666792A discloses an environmental affinity type liquid fire extinguishing fluid, which only uses two raw materials of urea and ammonium sulfate, is mainly used for A-grade fire, and particularly has excellent performance for mountain fire.
Chinese patent CN101024113B discloses a multi-element composite fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof, wherein 1-6 parts by weight of foam forming substances, 50-70 parts by weight of water and 30-50 parts by weight of heat insulation substances are adopted, the foam forming substances are fluorocarbon surfactants, the heat insulation substances are hollow non-metallic microspheres, and the effect is remarkable.
Chinese patent CN101496940B discloses a concentrated solution of A-type foam extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof, wherein the concentrated solution comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 500-600% of surfactant, 30-50% of pour point depressant, 50-80% of flame retardant, 1-2% of stabilizer, 50-100% of solvent, 1-2% of preservative and the balance of deionized water, wherein the stabilizer is sodium alginate or xanthan gum, so that the fire extinguishing effect of water is improved, and the long-term storage of the fire extinguishing agent is facilitated.
The invention patent US2012/0118590A1 discloses a fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof, wherein the fire extinguishing agent is composed of a thickening agent and a foaming agent. Wherein the foaming agent is sodium lauryl sulfoacetate. It is mainly suitable for B-class fire.
Most of the patents only have good fire extinguishing effect on one type of fire, the application range is not wide enough, the fire situation is generally very complicated, and the situation that A type of fire and B type of fire occur simultaneously often occurs.
Therefore, a new scheme is needed, and the fire extinguishing effect on the A-type fire and the B-type fire is excellent.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a water-based fire extinguishing agent which can form stable foam on both liquid and solid surfaces and can effectively extinguish the fire of hydrocarbon liquid (B class) and the fire of A class.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the water-based fire extinguishing agent comprises the following components in parts by weight:
15-25 parts of diluent
Foaming agent 3-7 parts
1-3 parts of foam stabilizer
0.5 to 1.5 portions of hardening and tempering agent
Also comprises water for dissolving the components.
By adopting the technical scheme, the foam generated by the foaming agent covers the burning surface of the article, so that air can be isolated well, and the fire extinguishing effect is improved; the foam stabilizer has a certain foam stabilizing effect, and a certain vertical flow characteristic of the fire extinguishing agent is reserved; the thickening agent and the foam stabilizer are combined for use, so that the fire extinguishing agent has a certain water retention effect, the fire extinguishing principle of the fire extinguishing agent is a cooling and cooling effect or an anaerobic suffocation effect, the water retention mainly has the advantages that the larger steam heat dissipation capacity can be generated, the expansion volume generated by heated steam is used for covering a fire scene, the cooling and suffocation effects are generated at the same time, the fire extinguishing effect is further improved, and the effect is more obvious particularly when the fire extinguishing equipment is not sufficient; the conditioning agent can adjust the most suitable pH value according to the needs, and the maximum effect of each component in the fire extinguishing agent can be exerted as far as possible. The components are dissolved in water to form a solution, so that the solution is more convenient to use at the later stage, a water source does not need to be searched when a fire hazard occurs, the time for extinguishing the fire is delayed, the components are completely dissolved for a certain time, the components are fully dissolved in the water, the mixing is more uniform, and the maximization of the performance of the components in the fire extinguishing agent is facilitated.
The surface tension of water is greatly reduced after the composition is dissolved in the water, the reduction of the surface tension leads to the formation of smaller water drops and micro bubbles, the smaller water drops and the micro bubbles are equivalent to larger specific surface area, the reduction of heat in a fire scene is realized by promoting the heat energy absorption of evaporation through the surface contact of the water drops and the fire, and the specific surface area is increased to ensure that the water with the same volume has more surface contact with the fire scene, thereby accelerating the absorption of the heat energy by the water. Water is the most environmentally friendly solvent and is not easy to cause pollution.
The diluent has a certain diluting effect on each component, so that each component can be uniformly mixed conveniently, the early preparation is more time-saving and labor-saving, and the later-stage fire extinguishing agent is not easy to layer and precipitate.
By using the formula, the fire extinguishing agent can form stable foam on the surfaces of liquid and solid, has excellent anti-burning performance, and can effectively extinguish hydrocarbon liquid (B type) fire and A type fire.
The invention is further configured to: the diluent is dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether andγ-butyrolactone, or a combination of two or more thereof.
Dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether is a multipurpose environment-friendly solvent, has weak ether smell, proper volatilization speed, excellent chemical stability, excellent solubility and higher safety to people. The United states and European Union list it as a green solvent for Non HAP/NAP (nonhazardous in the list of air polarization); the dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether is soluble in water and is used for facilitating the uniform mixing of the components.
The diethylene glycol monobutyl ether is an environment-friendly solvent, and the diethylene glycol monobutyl ether is used as a diluent, has a certain diluting effect on each component, is convenient for uniformly mixing each component when used in the fire extinguishing agent, and has a better fire extinguishing effect; meanwhile, the diethylene glycol monobutyl ether can reduce the surface tension of the fire-extinguishing composition. After being used for regulating B-type fire extinguishing agent and surfactant (foaming agent), the fire extinguishing agent has a foam stabilizing effect and better fire extinguishing performance.
γButyrolactone is a protic strong solvent, which dissolves most of the low molecular weight polymer and part of the high molecular weight polymer, and is miscible with water, and has a certain dilution effect on the components, which facilitates uniform mixing of the components, andγbutyrolactone is also a high safety/low toxicity environmentally friendly solvent.
The above diluents are organic solvents, can be dissolved in water to promote the mixing of all components, are favorable for the fire extinguishing agent to permeate into the hydrocarbon liquid when extinguishing the fire of the hydrocarbon liquid (B type), and have better fire extinguishing effect.
The invention is further configured to: the foaming agent is one or the combination of more than two of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium lauryl sulfoacetate.
The sodium dodecyl sulfate is easy to dissolve in water, has good compatibility with anions and non-ions, and has good emulsifying, foaming, penetrating, decontaminating and dispersing properties; the foaming speed is relatively high, and the foaming agent has good infiltration capacity to A-class fire; the surface tension is reduced, and the foam covering capability on B-type fire is effectively improved. Is an anionic surfactant which is slightly toxic to human bodies and meets the requirement of environmental protection. The biodegradation degree is more than 90 percent, and the environment is not easily polluted;
the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate as an anionic surfactant has good surface activity, strong hydrophilicity, difficult oxidation, strong foaming power, high detergency, easy compounding with various assistants, low cost, mature synthesis process and slight toxicity, and meets the requirement of environmental protection.
The sodium lauryl sulfate is easy to dissolve in water, has strong foaming power, and has full, white and fine foam.
The sodium lauryl sulfoacetate has good surface activity and strong hydrophilicity, and meets the requirement of environmental protection.
The foaming agent can be well compounded with various components, can well foam when dissolved in water for use, and fully exerts the fire extinguishing performance.
The invention is further configured to: the foam stabilizer is alkyl glycoside or polyacrylamide or white carbon black.
The alkyl glycoside (APG) is a novel green, mild and nontoxic nonionic surfactant with comprehensive performance, has the characteristics of common nonionic and anionic surfactants, and has good foamability, rich, fine and stable foam; the solubility is good, the high temperature resistance, the strong alkali resistance and the high concentration electrolyte resistance are realized, and the thickening effect is good; the alkyl glycoside can be dissolved in water and can be mixed with water more uniformly, so that the foam stabilizing effect is better; moreover, experiments prove that the alkyl glycoside has no irritation and extremely low oral acute toxicity; the alkyl glycoside can be completely biodegraded in nature, thereby avoiding new pollution to the environment.
The polyacrylamide is non-toxic and has good flocculation property, and the frictional resistance between liquids can be reduced; the fire extinguishing agent has thickening effect under neutral and acidic conditions, not only can play a role of stabilizing bubbles, but also can prolong the retention time of the fire extinguishing agent on the surface of a combustion object and enhance the fire extinguishing effect.
White carbon black has super high surface area, consequently has high adsorption affinity, easily suspension, has good affinity and chemical stability, can be better with other component complex formulations, stable foam, white carbon black can also improve the free mobility of liquid to a certain extent moreover, and the fire extinguishing agent of being convenient for covers bigger area, and fire extinguishing effect is better, also practices thrift more.
The invention is further configured to: the foam stabilizer is one or the combination of more than two of D-glucopyranose decyl octyl glucoside oligomer, dodecyl glucoside, hexadecyl glucoside, octadecyl glucoside, C8-16 alkyl glucoside, C12-14 alkyl glucoside, C12-16 alkyl glucoside and C12-18 alkyl glucoside.
By adopting the technical scheme, the D-glucopyranosyl decyl octyl glucoside oligomer is one of the nonionic surfactants, which is beneficial to reducing the interfacial tension between the foam liquid and the liquid combustible, so that the foam liquid has a better diffusion coefficient in the combustible liquid. Effectively improving the diffusion coefficient requirement on the type B fire. The D-glucopyranosyl decyl octyl glucoside oligomer can make the foam finer and increase the fluidity of the fire extinguishing agent, so that the invention has more remarkable effect when being applied to B-type fires and large-scale fire grounds such as forest fires and the like.
The D-glucopyranose decyl octyl glycoside oligomer has stable property and is not easy to deteriorate; the fire extinguishing agent is easy to dissolve in water and common organic solvents, has low surface tension, rich, fine and stable foam, strong alkali and strong acid resistance and strong wetting power, is compounded with sodium dodecyl sulfate, has obvious synergistic effect, further reduces the interfacial tension and has better fire extinguishing effect; and has the unique properties of no toxicity, harmlessness, no stimulation, quick and complete biodegradation, sterilization and the like, and is a green surfactant with comprehensive performance.
The dodecyl glucoside is one of novel nonionic surfactants, namely alkyl glucoside, has the characteristics of common nonionic and anionic surfactants, belongs to the alkyl glucoside with the best foaming power and the best detergency, and can better play a fire extinguishing effect when being applied to a matched foaming agent; is easy to dissolve in water, can be better dissolved in water, and is compounded with other components.
The hexadecyl glycoside, octadecyl glycoside and dodecyl glycoside have similar performance, good solubility, uniform mixing with other components, good foaming force, and synergistic effect with foaming agent to further reduce interfacial tension and improve fire extinguishing effect.
The C8-16 alkyl glycoside is a mild nonionic surfactant, and has very low irritation; the fire extinguishing agent has the advantages of low surface tension, excellent thickening and foaming performances, abundant foam, favorable improvement on the foaming capacity and foam stabilizing effect of the fire extinguishing agent, abundant foam and better flame retardant effect; easy dissolution, good compatibility with various surfactants and simpler preparation; is easy to biodegrade, is an environment-friendly surfactant, and is environment-friendly and safe.
The C12-14 alkyl glycoside and the C12-16 alkyl glycoside have similar performances, are mild, have small irritation to human bodies, have a softening effect on skins, have no irritation to eyes, have good ecological compatibility, are not easy to cause injury to human bodies in the processes of preparing and using the fire extinguishing agent, and are safer and more environment-friendly. The foaming property is good, the foam of the foaming agent can be supplemented, and the flame retardant effect is better when the flame retardant is applied to the invention.
The C12-18 alkyl glycoside has excellent decontamination, foaming, foam stabilizing, emulsifying, dispersing, solubilizing, wetting and penetrating abilities, further improves the foaming ability of the fire extinguishing agent when being applied to the invention, and has obvious foam stabilizing effect and more excellent penetrating ability. The C12-18 alkyl glucoside is acid and alkali resistant, can reduce the irritation of other surfactants, has no cloud point, belongs to a green surfactant, has good compatibility with skin and is not easy to cause damage to human bodies.
The invention is further configured to: also comprises 0.5-2 parts of stabilizer.
The stabilizer prolongs the shelf life of the water-based fire extinguishing agent; the frequency of replacing the fire extinguishing agent is reduced, the energy is saved, and the condition that the fire extinguishing agent fails due to untimely replacement is not easy to cause.
The invention is further configured to: the stabilizer is sodium benzoate or potassium sorbate.
The fire extinguishing agent with the surfactant as the substrate has an antibacterial effect, so that the common fire extinguishing agent does not need to be added with an antibacterial preservative, and if the pure water for the manufacturing process does not contain the preservative, the storage environment meets the requirements of the original factory, and the shelf life of the fire extinguishing agent is more than two years; in the preparation process in the early period, equipment is easily polluted by microorganisms during premixing, so that the quality of the fire extinguishing agent is easily influenced, a certain amount of sodium benzoate or potassium sorbate added in the fire extinguishing agent can play a good antibacterial role, the quality guarantee period of the fire extinguishing agent is prolonged to six years, the fire extinguishing agent added with the stabilizing agent is not easily wasted, and the fire extinguishing agent is energy-saving and environment-friendly. Sodium benzoate or potassium sorbate is selected for the following reasons.
Sodium benzoate is a common food preservative and has the effects of preventing deterioration and souring and prolonging the shelf life. The fire extinguishing composition is added, so that the quality guarantee period of the fire extinguishing agent is greatly prolonged, and the resource waste is reduced; sodium benzoate is easily dissolved in water, and can penetrate through microbial tissues to destroy the microbial tissues when reaching a proper concentration in the water phase; and does not produce substances which are bad for the environment, and is not easy to decompose or volatilize; the sodium benzoate and other components can be compatible, the action of the main component is not interfered, and the other components do not influence the antiseptic effect.
The potassium sorbate is an unsaturated fatty acid salt, can effectively inhibit the activity of mould, yeast and aerobic bacteria, and can also prevent the growth and reproduction of harmful microorganisms such as clostridium botulinum, staphylococcus, salmonella and the like; the water-soluble chitosan is easy to dissolve in water, can be well and uniformly mixed with other substances after being added with water, and can penetrate through microbial tissues to destroy the microbial tissues when reaching a proper concentration in a water phase; it has far lower toxicity than other antiseptic, and can be absorbed by human body's metabolic system to be decomposed into carbon dioxide and water rapidly without residue in body.
Sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate are food preservatives, so that the bacteriostatic environmental-friendly performance is better, and the human body is not easily injured.
The invention is further configured to: the modifier is triethanolamine or diethanolamine.
By adopting the technical scheme, the triethanolamine and the diethanolamine are both easily dissolved in water and are uniformly mixed with the components, so that the preparation of the fire extinguishing composition is facilitated. The triethanolamine and the diethanolamine are not easy to generate chemical reaction of foam stabilizer and the like, and the success of formula preparation is facilitated; the triethanolamine and the diethanolamine are one kind of nonionic interface agent, are used as a post-processing conditioning agent (pH value), are beneficial to reducing the interfacial tension and further improve the fire extinguishing effect of the water-based fire extinguishing agent.
The invention is further configured to: the diluent contains 0.5-0.8 part of antifreeze.
By adopting the technical scheme, the antifreezing agent can reduce the storage freezing point of the fire extinguishing agent, and the application range of the fire extinguishing agent is expanded.
The invention is further configured to: the antifreezing agent is one or the combination of two of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.
Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are mainly used as antifreeze and are used together with diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and after 0.5 part of antifreeze is added, the storage freezing point of the fire extinguishing agent can be reduced to-2 ℃; when the amount of the fire extinguishing agent is increased to 0.8 part, the storage solidification point of the fire extinguishing agent can be further reduced, and the application range of the fire extinguishing agent is well expanded.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, substances in the formula of the fire extinguishing agent are easy to dissolve in water, and when the fire extinguishing agent is used, the substances are easy to dissolve and uniformly mixed with water, so that the fire extinguishing agent has excellent fire extinguishing effect on hydrocarbon liquid (B type) fires and A type fires.
Secondly, substances in the formula of the fire extinguishing agent are dissolved in water to generate a synergistic reaction, so that the surface tension of the fire extinguishing composition is remarkably reduced, the foamability is good, the reduction of the surface tension causes the formation of smaller water drops and micro-bubbles, the smaller water drops and micro-bubbles are equivalent to a larger specific surface area, the reduction of heat in a fire scene is realized by promoting the heat energy absorption of evaporation through the surface contact of the water drops and the fire, the specific surface area is increased, so that the water with the same volume is in more surface contact with the fire scene, and the absorption of the heat energy by the water is accelerated. The fire extinguishing effect of a single component in the fire extinguishing agent is improved.
And thirdly, the compounds in the formula of the fire extinguishing agent are all nontoxic or low-toxicity, are environment-friendly, almost have no harm to human bodies, and are more in line with the theme of current social protection.
Fourthly, water is used as a solvent, so that the cost is low, the environment is protected, and pollution is not easily caused; meanwhile, the fire extinguishing agent is added into the water, so that the fire extinguishing effect of the water is improved, and the water resource is saved.
Fifthly, a foaming agent in the fire extinguishing agent generates foam, which is helpful for flame retardance, the thickening agent increases the consistency of the fire extinguishing agent, reduces the fluidity of water, prolongs the time of the fire extinguishing agent on the burning surface of an article, and has better flame retardance and permeation effects; the foam stabilizer has a certain foam stabilizing effect, and a certain vertical flow characteristic of the fire extinguishing agent is reserved; the thickening agent and the foam stabilizer are combined for use, a certain water retention effect is achieved, the fire extinguishing principle of the fire extinguishing agent is a cooling effect or an anaerobic asphyxiation effect, the water retention effect is mainly used for covering a fire scene by generating large steam heat dissipation capacity and expansion volume generated by heated steam, cooling and asphyxiation effects are achieved, and the fire extinguishing effect is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the fire extinguishing and tempering temperatures of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
A water-based fire extinguishing agent is prepared by the following components and weight proportions of examples 1 to 16 in the following table 1 according to an orthogonal test method, compounds in the components are weighed in proportion and then added into water to be uniformly mixed, the amount of the water is that all the components in the examples are dissolved firstly, and the water is continuously added for dilution, so that the total weight of the fire extinguishing agent is increased to 25-35 times, preferably 30 times of the total weight of the components except water in the fire extinguishing agent. The water can be selected from fresh water or seawater. Storing in 0-45 deg.C environment for packaging.
The sodium dodecyl sulfate can be replaced by one or more of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium lauryl sulfoacetate; the xanthan gum can be replaced by konjac gum or gelatin, and can be a mixture of more than two of xanthan gum, konjac gum and gelatin. The sodium benzoate can also be replaced by potassium sorbate. The D-glucopyranose decyloctylglycoside oligomer is further replaced by one or more of dodecyl glucoside, hexadecyl glucoside, octadecyl glucoside, C8-16 alkyl glucoside, C12-14 alkyl glucoside, C12-16 alkyl glucoside and C12-18 alkyl glucoside. The triethanolamine may be replaced by diethanolamine. Sodium benzoate may be replaced by potassium sorbate.
The expansion ratio is an important index for judging the expansion performance of the fire extinguishing agent, so the invention carries out the expansion ratio test experiments on the examples 1 to 16.
Table 1 summary of the components contained in examples 1 to 16, the respective weight ratios of the components, and the expansion ratios of the examples.
Remarking: 1. 0.5-0.8 parts of glycol may also be added to the above formulation, if the freezing point is not required to be lowered, or not. The ethylene glycol and the diethylene glycol monobutyl ether are used in a matching way, after 0.5 part of the antifreezing agent is added, the storage freezing point of the extinguishing agent can be reduced to-2 ℃, and after more ethylene glycol is added, the storage freezing point of the extinguishing agent can be further reduced.
2. The expansion ratio refers to the expansion ratio of the volume of the water solution of the foam extinguishing agent after being changed into fire extinguishing foam. Measured in a conventional manner. The foam fire extinguishing agent can be divided into low expansion foam, medium expansion foam and high expansion foam according to the expansion ratio. The foaming times of the low-expansion foam extinguishing agent are generally less than 20 times, the foaming times of the medium-expansion foam extinguishing agent are 21-200 times, and the foaming times of the high-expansion foam extinguishing agent are generally 201-1000 times.
Example 17
A water-based fire extinguishing agent, example 17 differs from example 16 in that 8 parts of D-glucopyranosyl decyl octyl glycoside oligomer is replaced with 8 parts of C8-16 alkyl glycoside. The expansion ratio of test example 17 was also high.
Example 18
A water-based fire extinguishing agent, example 18 differs from example 16 in that 8 parts of D-glucopyranose decyltctyl glycoside oligomer is replaced with 8 parts of dodecyl glycoside. The expansion factor of test example 18 was also high.
Comparative example 1
The water-based fire extinguishing agent comprises the following components in parts by weight:
diethylene glycol monobutyl ether 15 parts
D-glucopyranosyl decyl octyl glycoside oligomer 1 part
0.5 part of sodium benzoate
0.5 portion of triethanolamine
The above compounds were dissolved in water and water was added continuously to make the volume of the final fire suppressant equal to that of the fire suppressant of example 1, and the mixture was tested after preparation.
Comparative example 2
The water-based fire extinguishing agent comprises the following components in parts by weight:
diethylene glycol monobutyl ether 15 parts
Sodium dodecyl sulfate 3 parts
5 parts of sodium benzoate
Triethanolamine 5 parts
The above compounds were dissolved in water and water was added continuously to make the volume of the final fire suppressant equal to that of the fire suppressant of example 1, and the mixture was tested after preparation.
Analysis of results
By comparing examples 1 to 18 with comparative examples 1 to 2, the following conclusions were made:
the foaming times of the fire extinguishing systems in the embodiments 1-16 are all high times, and the high-expansion foam fire extinguishing system can quickly fill a protection space for fire extinguishing in a full-submerged or covered mode during fire extinguishing, is not limited by the protection area and the volume, and can be used for extinguishing class A fires and class B fires. The high-expansion foam has good heat insulation performance, is nontoxic and smoke-free, can exhaust toxic gas, forms a fireproof isolation layer and is harmless to fire extinguishers in a fire scene. The dosage of the high-expansion foam extinguishing agent and the dosage of water are only 1/20 of the dosage of low-expansion foam extinguishing, the water stain loss is small, the extinguishing efficiency is high, and the foam is easy to remove after extinguishing.
In example 17 and example 18, the same weight parts of C8-16 alkyl glycoside and dodecyl glycoside were used instead of D-glucopyranose decyl octyl glycoside oligomer, and the foaming ratio was high, and the fire extinguishing effect was also good.
In comparative example 1, sodium lauryl sulfate was not added, the foaming rate was decreased compared to the fire extinguishing agent with sodium lauryl sulfate, the amount of foam was also decreased, the expansion was decreased, the foam coverage on type B fires was decreased, and the fire extinguishing performance was not as good as the present invention.
In comparative example 2, no D-glucopyranosyl decyl octyl glucoside oligomer is added, and compared with the fire extinguishing agent added with the D-glucopyranosyl decyl octyl glucoside oligomer, the interface tension is higher, the fineness degree of foam is reduced, the diffusion speed of foam liquid in the combustible liquid is reduced, and the fire extinguishing performance is not good.
Experiments also find that the foaming height of the fire extinguishing agent is greatly improved due to the synergistic effect of the D-glucopyranose decyl octyl glucoside oligomer and the sodium dodecyl sulfate, the foam maintaining time is long, the time for isolating the burning surface from the air is further prolonged, and the fire extinguishing effect is improved.
D-glucopyranosyl decyl octyl glucoside oligomer and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether have good foam stabilizing effect after being used for modulating a B-type fire extinguishing agent and lauryl sodium sulfate, the existence time of foam is further prolonged, the better the performance of isolating the air on the combustion surface by the foam is, and the fire extinguishing is quicker; the foam is diffused into the air to form a protective layer to isolate the air, and the oxygen in the surrounding air is diluted, so that the fire is more quickly and thoroughly extinguished.
The D-glucopyranosyl decyl octyl glucoside oligomer is a nonionic surfactant, is beneficial to reducing the interfacial tension of a fire extinguishing agent and effectively improves the requirement on the diffusion coefficient of B-type fire. The use of the components of examples 1-16 weight fractions minimizes settling during the dispensing process and during the placement of the liquid fire extinguishing agent. And the degradation phenomenon of the fire extinguishing efficiency of the fire extinguishing agent along with time is well delayed after the D-glucuronosyl decyl octyl glucoside oligomer is added.
Sodium benzoate is a common food preservative, has the effects of preventing deterioration and souring and prolonging the shelf life, and is widely used in various countries in the world; the fire extinguishing composition is added to prolong the shelf life and reduce waste, and the shelf life quality of the fire extinguishing composition can be maintained for more than 6 years according to the current experience and after-sale products.
Triethanolamine is a nonionic interface agent, is used as a post-processing conditioning agent (pH value), is beneficial to reducing the interfacial tension and effectively improves the diffusion coefficient requirement on B-type fire, and the mixing ratio is adopted, so that the dosage is moderate, and the adverse effect on the surface tension is basically avoided.
The reaction mechanism is as follows: (1) the fire extinguishing composition is easily watered, wherein the D-glucopyranosyl decyl octyl glucoside oligomer reduces the surface tension of the fire extinguishing agent, the reduction of the surface tension leads to the formation of smaller water drops and micro bubbles, the smaller water drops and the micro bubbles correspond to larger specific surface area, the reduction of heat in a fire scene is realized by promoting the heat energy absorption of evaporation through the surface contact of the water drops and the fire, and the specific surface area is increased to ensure that the same volume of water has more surface contact with the fire scene, thereby accelerating the absorption of the heat energy by the water.
(2) The D-glucopyranosyl decyl octyl glycoside oligomer and the sodium dodecyl sulfate are amphiphilic molecular structures, have a polar end (hydrophilic) and a non-polar end (hydrophobic), and have a sufficient distance between the two ends to realize the independent action of the two ends. This feature allows the molecules to be distributed at specific locations in the droplet, with the polar end rendering the non-polar end of the water insoluble in water, resulting in contact of the non-polar end with the fuel and radiant energy.
(3) The rapid cooling, when the water droplet concentrates on fire and puts out a fire and uses composition molecule to have fine heat absorption and heat conduction effect, the non-polarity end looks for the heat and transmits for the polarity end and absorbs the heat, in case the heat is transmitted to the water droplet, the polarity end heats the water droplet, and the internal molecule changes it into vapour, and this change process makes water absorb a large amount of energy to combustion surface's rapid cooling has been realized.
(4) Interrupting the chain reaction of free radicals: the free radicals, which are molecular fragment free radicals having high energy, collide with the fuel at high velocity, releasing heat and more free radicals, which creates a propagating combustion chain reaction, the fire extinguishing composition, because of its high molecular weight, thus inhibiting the chain reaction, and the combustion stops when the energy of the combustion system is reduced by the high energy absorption of the free radicals.
Performance analysis of the invention
1. Summary of Properties of the inventive product
Table 2 summary of the properties of the invention.
As shown in Table 2, the safety performance of the invention is very good, and the influence on the environment is very small; and due to the synergistic effect of the components, the fire extinguishing effect is good, the re-combustion preventing effect is also good, and the fire extinguishing agent is suitable for wide popularization.
2. Comparative analysis of fire extinguishing performance
Table 3 shows the fire extinguishing performance of the present invention compared to chemical foam and dry powder extinguishing agents.
Table 3 fire performance of the present invention compared to chemical foam and dry powder fire extinguishing agents.
Table 3 simply shows the use time of various fire extinguishing agents, the coordinate axis number indicates the selection time of the fire extinguishing agent relative to the type of fire, the larger the number is, the better the fire extinguishing performance of the fire extinguishing agent to the type of fire is, and the use is recommended by the people who apply the fire reference performance value of various types to be larger than 4.
Test conditions and evaluation:
the class A fire-water-based extinguishing agent GB standard 6 liters of extinguishing agent needs to reach the extinguishing grade of 1A. (meets the evaluation of the 4 grades in the table) and reaches the fire extinguishing grade of more than 2A. (evaluation of the above Table 5 grade)
The class B fire-water-based fire extinguishing agent GB standard 6 liters of fire extinguishing agent needs to reach 55B fire extinguishing grade. (meets the rating of 4 grades in the table) and reaches the fire extinguishing grade of more than 70B. (evaluation of the above Table 5 grade)
Class C fires have no fire extinguishing rating internationally, and water mist equipment is recommended after meeting the requirement of droplet diameter.
Class D fires have no fire extinguishing grade internationally, and products need to individually declare the use range to be recommended.
The class K fire extinguishers meet the 5F fire extinguishing grade according to the GB standard of simple fire extinguishers and the fire extinguishing agent volume is below 1 liter. (meets the evaluation of the 4 grades in the table) and reaches the fire extinguishing grade of more than 35F. (evaluation of the above Table 5 grade)
According to the test conditions, the chemical foam extinguishing agent, the dry powder extinguishing agent and the fire extinguishing agent are respectively used for extinguishing large-scale A-class fire, small-scale B-class fire, C-class fire, D-class fire and K-class fire.
As can be seen from table 3, it is,
for class A fire (buildings/forests/tires), the dry powder extinguishing agent is more suitable for initial fire extinguishing when being used, and cannot be effectively controlled for large class A fire, and the GB standard 6 liters of extinguishing agent reaches the fire extinguishing level of 1A. The fire extinguishing effect of the chemical foam extinguishing agent is the same as that of the invention.
For B-type fire (oil tank/petrochemical plant), the GB standard 6 liter fire extinguishing agent reaches 70B fire extinguishing grade. The fire extinguishing effect of the dry powder fire extinguishing agent and the chemical foam fire extinguishing agent is far lower than that of the invention.
For C-type fire (motor/variable pressure place), the invention can be used by adopting a fine water mist spraying system, and the dry powder extinguishing agent can only be suitable for C-type electrical appliance fire of smaller scale. The fire extinguishing effect of the chemical foam extinguishing agent is the same as that of the invention.
For K-type fire (kitchen oil pan site), the invention can be used by adopting a fine water mist spraying system, and the dry powder extinguishing agent can only be suitable for the K-type fire of smaller scale. The fire extinguishing agent is required to reach 5F fire extinguishing grade according to the GB standard of the simple fire extinguisher, the volume of the fire extinguishing agent is less than 1 liter, and 500ml of the fire extinguishing agent can reach the 5F fire extinguishing grade standard. The fire extinguishing effect of the chemical foam extinguishing agent is not good as that of the invention.
3. Fire extinguishing efficacy value test
The invention was tested for fire extinguishing efficacy values according to GB17835-2008 for water-based fire extinguishing agents. The test results are as follows.
TABLE 4 inventive T-T test analysis
According to the graph of the fire extinguishing and tempering temperature of the invention, that is, fig. 1, which is drawn in table 4, it can be seen from fig. 1 that the oil pan of the invention takes twenty-seven seconds to extinguish fire after precombustion for 1 minute, and the temperature drops by more than half in 100 seconds, drops to the safe temperature of 37 ℃ after three hundred seconds, and remains stable in a few minutes.
4. Other fire extinguishing performance related tests and certifications
Table 5 shows UL authentication and lastire authentication performed for the present invention
And (3) UL authentication: the UL safety test in the united states is the most authoritative of the united states and is the larger civil agency in the world for safety testing and certification. It is an independent, non-profit, professional institution that performs tests for public safety. The ultimate aim is to obtain commodities with a considerable level of safety for the market, and to make contributions to the guarantee of human health and property safety.
LASTFIRE authentication: the Lastfire Project Coordinator (Lastfire Project Coordinator) which is composed of 16 international large oil companies (including China petrochemical) is an important certificate for entering the petrochemical industry.
TABLE 5 UL and LASTFIRE test data
As can be seen from table 5, the present invention passes the UL and lastfier authentication well, and is suitable for popularization.
The invention passes the strict certification of LASTFIRE, and the score ratio is more than 95 on average, which is far higher than other internationally known fire-fighting agents.
5. Toxicity testing
a. Oral acute toxicity test in rats
According to the method of increasing and decreasing dosage regulated by economic cooperation and development organization and the method of OCSP (the Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution prevention) 870.1100 regulated by the U.S. environmental protection agency, the oral acute toxicity half Lethal Dose (LD) of 9-week-old female rats is determined by a stomach tube forced feeding method50). During the test, the animal is added into 1 animal in a limited amount of 5000mg/kg, no death is observed after 48 hours, and the animal is added into another 2 animals. During the test period, the weight of the surviving animals and the weight gain of the surviving animals are both in a normal growth condition, the animals have no obvious clinical symptoms and death in the whole observation period, and the animals have no obvious lesion after being euthanized on the 14 th day and are subjected to anatomical visual inspection. It can be concluded that the present invention orally administered acute toxicity LD to female rats50The value is more than 5,000 mg/kg body weight, and the toxicity is low.
b. 96-hour acute toxicity test for zebra fish
According to a Test method of No. 203 ' Fish, ace susceptibility Test ' specified by the organization of economic cooperation and development and the OPPTS 850.1075 No. Fish ace susceptibility Test, Freehwater and Marine ' Test method of the United states environmental protection agency, the 96-hour exposure half-lethal dose (LC exposure half-lethal dose) of zebra Fish (zebra Fish) of the invention is detected by a Test solution updating method50) For the evaluation of the toxic effects of the present invention on non-target organisms in the environment. The method is used for directly preparing 5L of aquaculture water, treating zebra fish with the body length of 2.7-2.9 centimeters and the age of about 3 months, replacing 80% of fresh aquaculture water every day, continuously keeping for 4 days, and observing the death condition of the zebra fish. The concentration range of the invention in the culture water is 1-100mg/L, and the zebra fish death is not caused even if the culture water with the highest concentration of 100mg/L is used, so that the invention can be obtained by performing LC treatment on the zebra fish for 96 hours50The value is more than 100mg/L, and the low toxicity is achieved.
The experiments fully prove that the environment-friendly paint has good environmental protection performance and can not cause obvious influence on the environment.
From the above analysis and test, the present invention has the following advantages:
(A) meets the environmental protection requirement: the nontoxic natural raw materials are used as base materials, so that the natural ecology and the human body can not be damaged or poisoned.
(B) Instant dissolution: the water-soluble polymer can be automatically dissolved in water, a power-assisted water dissolving process is not needed, and the phenomena of separation, layering and precipitation can not occur after water is dissolved.
(C) Fast cooling and no re-combustion: because of its excellent permeability and water retention, the initial combustion products are rapidly cooled and the re-ignition rate is minimized.
(D) Compatibility: dilution with seawater or fresh water may be used.
(E) The application comprises the following steps:
a. b-type fire hazard application: the product is suitable for hydrocarbon type fires such as oil refineries, oil depots, oil grooves, oil drilling platforms, oil refineries, movable fire extinguishers, automatic water spraying systems of building parking lots and the like.
b. The fire-fighting system of important military bases, airports, ports and chemical equipment and the general water system portable fire extinguisher are used.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The water-based fire extinguishing agent is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
15-25 parts of diluent
Foaming agent 3-7 parts
1-3 parts of foam stabilizer
0.5 to 1.5 portions of hardening and tempering agent
Further comprises water for dissolving the above components;
the foam stabilizer is D-glucopyranosyl decyl octyl glucoside oligomer, and the foaming agent is sodium dodecyl sulfate; the diluent is diethylene glycol monobutyl ether; the modifying agent is triethanolamine;
and the stabilizer also comprises 0.5-2 parts of sodium benzoate.
2. The water-based fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, wherein the diluent contains 0.5 to 0.8 part of an antifreezing agent.
3. A water-based fire extinguishing agent as recited in claim 2, wherein the anti-freezing agent is one or a combination of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.
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| CN109224358A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-01-18 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of water-based extinguishing agent |
| CN109224357A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-01-18 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of water-based extinguishing agent |
| CN111494865A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2020-08-07 | 上海汇友消防技术有限公司 | Preparation method of water-based extinguishing agent |
| CN110433445B (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2021-03-19 | 陕西胜捷瑞能消防科技有限公司 | Low-temperature water-based extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN114917520A (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-08-19 | 西安科技大学 | Environment-friendly multifunctional water-based extinguishing agent |
| CN115920295A (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-04-07 | 南京工业大学 | Composite type fluorine-free foam extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof |
| KR20240123596A (en) * | 2023-02-07 | 2024-08-14 | 주식회사 파이어크루 | Fire extinguishing water additive with improved dust explosion prevention function by adding microorganisms |
| CN117442923A (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2024-01-26 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Low-conductivity compressed air foam, preparation method and application |
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| GB2345849A (en) * | 1999-01-12 | 2000-07-26 | Chubb Fire Ltd | Fire Extinguishant |
| CN101837176A (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2010-09-22 | 厦门一泰消防科技开发有限公司 | Additive for firefighting water |
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