CN107462804B - Electricity safety analysis device - Google Patents
Electricity safety analysis device Download PDFInfo
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- CN107462804B CN107462804B CN201710878518.9A CN201710878518A CN107462804B CN 107462804 B CN107462804 B CN 107462804B CN 201710878518 A CN201710878518 A CN 201710878518A CN 107462804 B CN107462804 B CN 107462804B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
Abstract
The invention discloses a power utilization safety analysis device which comprises an access mechanism, a power supply, a switch phase selection circuit, a driving circuit, an MCU (microprogrammed control Unit), a current limiting circuit, a filter circuit, a voltage division circuit, a communication circuit, a voice synthesis output circuit, a display circuit and a key input circuit. The invention collects the related electrical parameters of the tested circuit in real time through the specific circuit structure, analyzes whether the related monitoring loop has the hidden dangers of life safety such as electric leakage, ground wire fault, bad ground wire, electrified ground wire and the like, and sends out alarm in time and informs field personnel how to deal with the hidden dangers, thereby avoiding the occurrence of electric shock and fire accidents.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power distribution system line safety, in particular to an electricity safety analysis device.
Background
At present, Residual Current Monitors (RCMs) are used as main parts of alarm devices for preventing electric shock in a power distribution system, for example, CN201307756Y and CN202903936U belong to zero sequence current transformers for collecting leakage current of a monitored loop, and when the leakage current exceeds a preset value, an alarm prompt is sent out, but the devices can only detect whether the detected loop leaks electricity, and cannot analyze whether a wiring sequence is wrong, whether a ground wire exists, or hidden dangers such as faults, badness and electrification which directly endanger the electricity utilization safety.
The RCD is the main auxiliary leakage protector of the current distribution system, and has two precondition for leakage protection, one is that the RCD works normally without failure and malfunction, and the other is that the protected electrical apparatus must be connected with the ground wire, so when the electrical apparatus leaks electricity, zero sequence current is generated to the ground, the leakage protector will cut off the power supply rapidly, so most of the electric shock risks caused by the leakage of electrical equipment are shielded by the ground protection and the leakage protector, however, when the leakage protector fails, or the ground wire fails, breaks and has no ground protection, the accidental leakage of the electrical apparatus will cause inevitable electric shock accidents, and most of the civil houses do not make equal potential connection, when the total ground wire of the distribution system breaks the circuit, if any electrical apparatus in the system has ground wire, the dangerous voltage can be diffused to all electric appliances with grounding wires in the system through the grounding wires connected with the dangerous voltage, at the moment, if an electric shock accident occurs, a leakage protector of an electric shock user cannot act, and even if a home bus is pulled open, the grounding wires are still electrified, which is the main reason why the bus is still electrified when the electric shock accident occurs, however, the RCD and the grounding protection are lacked, bad, invalid and even electrified, which cannot be known by common users.
The fire caused by the electric appliance accounts for 35-40% of the total number of the fire, and most of the fire is caused by zero-live line sequence errors and line leakage, the wrong zero-live line sequence enables protection elements such as overcurrent or temperature and the like originally installed on live lines to actually work on zero lines, and once the electric appliance is short-circuited to the ground, no protection element exists on the actual live lines, so that overheating and firing of the electric appliance and the lines are easy to occur, and the serious hidden danger cannot be found by the currently widely-adopted leakage protector RCD and residual current monitor RCM.
Therefore, there is a need for an apparatus or method that can accurately determine, by online analysis of electrical parameters of a line of a power distribution system, for example: the hidden dangers which endanger life safety, such as zero line sequence error, ground line loss, ground line grounding quality, ground line faults, charged ground lines and the like, thereby preventing accidents such as electric shock, fire and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electric safety analysis device.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a power utilization safety analysis device comprises an access mechanism, wherein the access mechanism comprises a ground wire interface, a live wire interface and a zero line interface which are respectively butted with a ground wire, a live wire and a zero line of a tested circuit;
the power supply is electrically connected with the live wire interface and the zero line interface of the access mechanism;
the switch phase selection circuit is electrically connected with the MCU through the driving circuit so as to be connected with at least one of the ground wire, the live wire and the zero wire through the access mechanism under the control of the MCU for detection, and the MCU is used for analyzing voltage data among the ground wire, the live wire, the zero wire, a working reference ground and a protection ground and judging whether the detected circuit has potential safety hazards or not;
the current limiting circuit is arranged between the switch phase selection circuit and the access mechanism;
the filter circuit is in communication connection with the MCU;
the voltage division circuit is arranged between the filter circuit and the switch phase selection circuit;
the device also comprises a communication circuit, a voice synthesis output circuit, a display circuit and a key input circuit which are in communication connection with the MCU.
Further, the access mechanism is a triangular plug or a load socket.
Further, the power supply is a battery or an AC-DC isolation power supply.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical effects that:
the invention collects the related electrical parameters of the tested circuit in real time through the specific circuit structure, analyzes whether the related monitoring loop has the hidden dangers of life safety such as electric leakage, ground wire fault, bad ground wire, electrified ground wire and the like, and sends out alarm in time and informs field personnel how to deal with the hidden dangers, thereby avoiding the occurrence of electric shock and fire accidents.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit configuration diagram of an electricity safety analysis apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic circuit configuration diagram of an electricity safety analysis apparatus according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic circuit configuration diagram of an electricity safety analysis apparatus according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a partial enlarged structure of the phase selection circuit of the switch in fig. 1, 2 and 3;
fig. 5 is a voltage data diagram.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments shown in the drawings. These embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and structural, methodological, or functional changes made by those skilled in the art according to these embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention.
One embodiment of the present invention is provided below:
referring to fig. 1 to 5, an electricity safety analysis device includes an access mechanism, where the access mechanism includes a ground wire interface, a live wire interface, and a zero line interface, and is respectively butted with a ground wire (E), a live wire (L), and a zero line (N) of a circuit to be tested;
the power supply is electrically connected with the live wire interface and the zero line interface of the access mechanism;
the switch phase selection circuit 4 is electrically connected with the MCU 7 through the driving circuit 12, is connected with at least one of the ground wire, the live wire and the zero wire through the access mechanism under the control of the MCU for detection, analyzes voltage data between the ground wire, the live wire, the zero wire and a working reference ground and a protection ground through the MCU, and judges whether the detected circuit has potential safety hazard;
the current limiting circuit 3 is arranged between the switch phase selection circuit and the access mechanism;
the filter circuit 8 is in communication connection with the MCU;
the voltage division circuit 5 is arranged between the filter circuit and the switch phase selection circuit;
the device also comprises a communication circuit 10 in communication connection with the MCU, a voice synthesis output circuit 9, a display circuit 6 and a key input circuit 11.
The invention analyzes the potential safety hazard of the power distribution system by acquiring the voltage data among the live wire (L), the zero line (N) and the ground wire (E) in the power distribution circuit (the circuit to be detected).
Analyzing the voltage relation between LNEs, firstly determining whether the line sequence between the LNEs is correct, and meanwhile, the line sequence error between the LNEs is a very serious safety hazard, but in practical application, because the electrical parameters of a normal ground wire and a zero wire are very close and cannot be directly distinguished by a circuit, and if the line sequence error occurs between the ground wire and the zero wire or a live wire, a load is free of electricity or a system leakage protection switch is tripped and cannot normally work, in the invention, the default ground wire sequence is correct, only the live wire and the zero wire which are very easy to have the line sequence error are subjected to line sequence identification, because the characteristic of alternating current is nonpolar, if the line sequence of the LNs is to be distinguished, a reference point is needed, the normal ground wire can be used as the reference point, but if the ground wire is lost, broken, electrified and the like, the reference point cannot be used, therefore, the invention adopts the switch phase selection circuit 4 to be matched with the MCU 7 to detect the induction voltage of the live wire to the working reference Ground (GND) of the detection circuit and distinguish zero live wire, because the voltage is formed by the equivalent capacitance between the live wire passing through the internal resistance of the detection circuit to the working reference ground of the detection circuit and then the working reference ground of the detection circuit to the ground, because the equivalent capacitance is weak, the invention adopts the mode of touching the induction electrode by a human body to enhance the equivalent capacitance between the GND and the ground.
The invention utilizes different combinations of K1-K8 in the switch phase selection circuit 4 to respectively detect the zero-live line sequence and the related voltage of each group, and also prevents the mutual correlation and interference of the internal resistance of the detection circuit when a plurality of groups of voltages are measured simultaneously, and in addition, in order to prevent the internal resistance of the power supply of the detection circuit from being conducted with the circuit to be detected and causing interference to the detection circuit, the invention adopts an AC-DC isolation power supply 2 or a battery 25 as the power supply to supply power for the detection circuit.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, the three-pin plug 1 may be integrated with the casing of the device, and the device is directly plugged into the socket of the circuit to be tested, or may be an external lead, on which the three-pin plug is additionally installed, when the three-pin plug 1 is plugged into the circuit to be tested, the AC-DC isolation power supply 2 is connected with the live wire interface and the zero wire interface on the three-pin plug 1 through the fuse F1, and the circuit is powered on, the voltage of the circuit to be tested is sent to the current limiting circuit 3 through the three-pin plug 1, and then is limited by the internal R1, R2 and R3, and then is sent to the switch phase selecting circuit 4, the switches K1-K8 inside the switch phase selecting circuit 4 are preferably solid state relays or electronic switches, and the functions of selecting one or more of L, N, E three lines to be connected with the detecting circuit for detection according to the program requirements, the number of the switches phase selecting circuit is not limited to 8, the specific working process is as follows:
1. judging the zero-fire line sequence:
after the MCU is powered on, the driving circuit 12 controls the closing of K3 in the U6 and K8 in the U10, the voltage on the L line on the three-pin plug 1 passes through K3 to the voltage divider circuit 5, and then passes through the voltage divider resistor R18 in the voltage divider circuit 5 to be connected to the working reference ground GND, at this time, since K8 is already closed, the GND is connected to the sensing electrode S1 through K8, the isolation capacitor C7, and the isolation resistor R20, at this time, the MCU will prompt the operator to touch the sensing electrode S1 through the speech synthesis output circuit 9 and the display circuit 6, because the human body has an equivalent capacitance with the ground, when the sensing electrode S1 is touched by the human body, a weak current will flow through R18, a voltage 56 will be generated at both ends of R2, the voltage will be sent to the U4 in the filter circuit 8 through R12 for current amplification, the output of U4 will pass through R13, C2, and sent to the U5 for current amplification, the output of the U5, and then sent to the ground voltage sampled by the filter circuit 5 for further analysis, then the MCU 7 closes K4 in U6 and K8 in U10 through the same process as above to obtain the voltage Vng on the N line, and according to the rule of the triangular plug left zero right fire, when the voltage Vlg on the live line L is detected to be greater than the voltage Vng on the neutral line N, the zero fire sequence is correct, otherwise the zero fire sequence is incorrect.
2. Detection of the zero-ground voltage Vne:
after the zero fire line sequence is determined, the MCU 7 controls K6 and K4 in the switch phase selection circuit 4 to be simultaneously closed through the driving circuit 12, a line E is connected to a working reference ground GND through a current limiting resistor R24 in the current limiting circuit 3 and R38 and K6 in the switch phase selection circuit 4, a line N is connected to R18 in the voltage division circuit 5 through the current limiting circuit 3 and R16 in the switch phase selection circuit 4 and K4 and R1 in the switch phase selection circuit 4, a loop is formed through R18 and NE, NE current exists in the R18, Vne after voltage division exists at two ends of the R18, the voltage is sent to U4 in the filter circuit 8 through the R12 to be subjected to current amplification, filtered through the R13 and C2 to be sent to the U5 to be subjected to current amplification again, and filtered through the R14 and C1 to be sent to the MCU to be subjected to sampling analysis on specific numerical values and obtain Vne voltage values between the NE.
3. And detecting the voltage Vle of the live wire and the ground wire:
the MCU 7 controls K3 and K6 in the switch phase selection circuit 4 to be closed simultaneously through the drive circuit 12, a line E is connected to a working reference ground GND through a current limiting resistor R24 in the current limiting circuit 3 and R38 and K6 in the switch phase selection circuit 4, a line L is connected to R18 in the voltage division circuit 5 through current limiting resistors R15, K3 and R1 in the current limiting circuit 3, an LE forms a loop through R18, LE current exists in the R18, voltage-divided Vle exists at two ends of the R18, the voltage is sent to U4 in the filter circuit 8 through the R12 to be subjected to current amplification, then is filtered through the R13 and C2 to be sent to the U5 to be subjected to current amplification again, and then is sent to the MCU to be subjected to sampling analysis on specific numerical values after being filtered through the R14 and C1 again to obtain a voltage value Vle between the LEs.
4. Voltage of live wire and zero line Vln:
the MCU 7 controls K5 and K3 in the switch phase selection circuit 4 to be closed simultaneously through the driving circuit 12, a line N is connected to a working reference ground GND through a current limiting circuit 3, a current limiting resistor R16 in the current limiting circuit 3 and K5 in the switch phase selection circuit 4, a line L is connected to R18 in the voltage division circuit 5 through current limiting resistors R15, K3 and R1 in the current limiting circuit 3, a loop is formed through R18 and LN, LN current exists in the R18, divided Vln exists at two ends of the R18, the voltage is sent to U4 in the filter circuit 8 through R12 to be subjected to current amplification, the filtered voltage is sent to U5 to be subjected to current amplification again after being filtered by R13 and C2, and the filtered voltage is sent to the MCU to be subjected to sampling analysis on specific numerical values after being filtered again by R14 and C1, and a voltage value Vln between LN is obtained.
After determining the zero live wire sequence, the voltage Vne between the zero line and the ground wire, the voltage Vle between the live wire and the ground wire and the voltage Vln between the live wire and the zero line, the MCU can analyze the following faults of the detected distribution line:
1. and (3) no ground wire: in a power distribution system with 220V phase voltage, when the ground wire is correctly installed and the ground is well grounded, a voltage Vle close to the phase voltage exists between the live wire L and the ground wire E, when the ground wire is not installed, the live wire and the ground wire cannot form a loop, the Vle is close to zero, and when the situation that the live wire and the zero line Vln are normal and the live wire and the ground wire Vle are close to zero is detected, the ground wire is not correctly installed or is lost.
2. And (3) ground wire fault: in a power distribution system, although a grounding wire is installed, a grounding wire fault may be caused by the conditions of terminal oxidation, grounding wire disconnection and the like, when the grounding wire is disconnected due to some reason, an induction voltage is generated on the grounding wire due to the fact that an equivalent capacitance exists between the grounding wire and a live wire, and at the moment, the voltage Vle between the live wire and the grounding wire is smaller than the voltage Vln between the live wire and a zero wire, namely: the ground line is considered to be faulty if Vle < Vln while Vne > is normal (e.g., 6V).
3. Ground fault and already live (in-phase leakage): when the ground line fault is judged, the ground line has abnormal voltage, but the ground line can not be distinguished whether the ground line has induction voltage of the fire line to the ground line caused by equivalent capacitance after the ground line is broken or the ground line has the phase line voltage of the loop caused by some reason, therefore, the ground line E is respectively connected with the zero line N and the fire line L through a current limiting resistor R24 in a current limiting circuit 3 and switches K1 and K2 current limiting resistors R15 and R16 in a switch phase selection circuit 4, when the ground line fault is judged according to the fault 2, in order to further distinguish whether the voltage carried by the ground line is the induction voltage or the leakage, the MCU judges the current line sequence, if the line sequence is correctly closed K2, the voltage on the ground line E is connected with the zero line N through K2 and R16, if the current line sequence is wrong, the K1 is closed, the voltage is connected with the fire line L through K1 and R15 (if the line sequence is wrong, the actual L is the zero line N), because the induction voltage on the ground line is formed by the equivalent capacitance of the, therefore, the internal resistance is very high, and when the actual live wire leaks electricity to the ground wire due to some reason, because the resistance values of R15 and R16 are far larger than the internal resistance of the live wire power supply, when the ground wire leaks electricity, after the ground wire E is communicated with the zero line N through the loop, the voltage of the ground wire E is pulled down to be close to the potential of the zero line N, namely Vne is approximately equal to 0, the ground wire is indicated to be an open circuit fault, the detected voltage is an induction voltage, and when the ground wire voltage is not changed after the ground wire is communicated with the zero line N through the loop, the direct leakage of the live wire to the ground wire is indicated to occur.
4. Ground fault and already live (out of phase leakage): in a power distribution system, if an electricity unit is a building, when a three-phase power supply is adopted for supplying power, each floor can be respectively supplied with power by different phase sequences, but the ground wires can be finally converged into a total ground wire by adopting a tree structure, after a main wire or the total ground wire is broken, if an A-phase user electric appliance leaks electricity to the ground wire, the A-phase voltage can pass through the ground wire to a B-phase user or a C-phase user, at the moment, the voltage of a live wire of an A, B-phase user to the ground wire is the line voltage, and when Vle is greater than Vln, the phase leakage can be judged to be out-of.
5. And (3) abnormal zero line voltage drop: in a normal operation of the power distribution system, since there is a current flowing through the zero line, there is a voltage drop generated, and there is no current flowing through the ground line, there is no voltage drop, so under normal conditions, the voltage Vle from the live line to the ground line is greater than or equal to the voltage Vln from the live line to the neutral line, and Vne + Vln is equal to Vle, the normal Vne range is within a certain value, such as 0-6V, when Vne > the normal value, and Vne + Vln is equal to Vle, it can be determined that the voltage drop of the zero line is abnormal.
Other circuit operating principles:
the MCU 7 displays and broadcasts the detection result and the notice through the display circuit 6 and the voice synthesis output circuit 9, the key input circuit 11 can be used for inquiring the detection result or clearing alarm information, and the communication circuit 10 can transmit the detection result to a server or other systems needing the detection result.
Example 2
The electric safety analysis device provided by the invention can be integrated in the existing electric appliance, and can also be independently formed into a detection instrument. Referring to fig. 2, when the portable intelligent detection instrument of the present invention is made, a battery power supply mode can be adopted, and the battery 25 provides power for all electronic circuits, and the specific circuit working principle is the same as that of embodiment 1 except that the power supply part is replaced by a battery.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 3, the electrical safety analysis device provided by the present invention can also be made into a 86 standard socket, wherein the access mechanism is a load socket 20, and the load socket 20 is electrically connected to a power connection terminal 21, and the rest is the same as that in embodiment 1.
The invention also provides an electricity safety analysis method, which is respectively butted with the ground wire, the live wire and the zero line of a tested circuit through an access mechanism, wherein the access mechanism comprises a ground wire interface, a live wire interface and a zero line interface;
electrically connecting a power supply with a live wire interface and a zero line interface of the access mechanism;
arranging a current limiting circuit between a switch phase selection circuit and an access mechanism, wherein a filter circuit is in communication connection with an MCU (microprogrammed control unit), and a voltage division circuit is arranged between the filter circuit and the switch phase selection circuit;
the communication circuit, the voice synthesis output circuit, the display circuit and the key input circuit are in communication connection with the MCU;
the switch phase selection circuit is electrically connected with the MCU through the driving circuit, so that the MCU is controlled to be connected with at least one of the ground wire, the live wire and the zero wire through the access mechanism for detection, and the MCU is used for analyzing voltage data among the ground wire, the live wire, the zero wire, a working reference ground and a protection ground and judging whether the detected circuit has potential safety hazards.
The invention judges the potential safety hazard of the power distribution system by analyzing the voltage data between the live wire (L), the zero line (N), the ground wire (E) and the working reference ground GND as well as the protection ground PGND in the power distribution circuit (the circuit to be detected).
Because the characteristic of alternating current is nonpolarity, so if the line sequence of LN needs to be distinguished, a reference point is needed, and a normal ground wire can be used as the reference point, but if the ground wire is lost, broken, electrified and the like, the reference point cannot be used as the reference point, so the invention adopts the working reference ground GND as the reference point, because a weak equivalent capacitance CX exists between the working reference ground GND and the protection ground PGND, the voltage Vlg of the fire wire to the GND can be detected, and the voltage Vng of the zero wire N to the GND usually only has about 50% of the voltage Vlg of the fire wire to the GND, when the equivalent capacitance CX is increased by touching the GND by a human body, Vlg can be more than Vng by more than ten times.
In a common power distribution system such as Tn-S, Tn-C, Tn-CS and TT systems, three types of leads including a live wire l, a zero wire n and a ground wire e are generally arranged, the live wire to the zero wire and the ground wire form a loop, and when a zero-live wire sequence is wrong and a grounding system is in fault or abnormal, voltages among the three types of leads can change relatively to normal conditions
And A, under the condition that the normal Vne is y, the voltage difference between the zero line and the ground line is relatively small, and y is generally within 10V.
And B, when Vlg is more than Vng, the zero-fire sequence of the monitored line is correct, and otherwise, the zero-fire sequence is wrong.
And C, when the Vle is approximately equal to 0, the ground wire is not installed on the monitored line, otherwise, the ground wire is installed.
When Vne + Vln is Vle and Vne is y, the ground is good.
When Vne > y Vle < Vln, the ground fails and there is in-phase leakage.
F, when Vne > yVle > Vln, the ground line fails and there is out-of-phase leakage.
The detailed description is as follows:
a sets the normal Vne value: in a power distribution system with 220V phase voltage, the earth E is electrically connected to the zero line N, either directly or through earth, (except for IT systems which are rarely used in civil buildings), therefore, when no current flows through the zero line, the zero line has no voltage drop, so that the voltage difference between the zero line N and the ground wire E is zero, because the zero line has resistance and thus will produce the voltage drop, the zero line will produce the voltage Vne to the earth at this moment, the magnitude of Vne produced by voltage drop of the zero line is related to resistance and zero line current of the zero line, Vne under normal condition does not exceed a certain value, such as 10V, but when the earth e is because of the broken circuit and electrified, the potential on the ground wire e will rise, so Vne will also rise, and because Vne is related to various variable factors such as zero line resistance, zero line current, ground wire potential, etc., a range Y is set for the normal Vne value for analysis.
B, analyzing a zero-fire line sequence: analyzing the voltage relation between LNEs, firstly determining whether the zero line and live line sequence of a monitored line is correct, meanwhile, the error of the zero line and live line sequence is a very serious safety hazard, because the characteristic of alternating current is nonpolar, if the line sequence of LNs needs to be distinguished, a reference point is needed, a normal ground line can be used as the reference point, but the normal ground line cannot be used as the reference point under the conditions of ground line loss, disconnection, electrification and the like, therefore, the invention adopts a working reference ground GND as the reference point, because a weak equivalent capacitor CX exists between the working reference ground GND and a protection ground PGND, the voltage Vlg of the fire line to GND can be detected, and the voltage Vng of the zero line N to GND is usually only about 50% of the voltage Vlg of the fire line to GND, when Vlg > Vng, the zero line sequence is correct, otherwise, the error of the zero line and live line sequence is wrong.
C, analyzing whether a grounding wire exists or not, wherein after the wire sequence is determined, whether the monitored line is correctly connected or not can be judged according to the value of the voltage Vle between the live wire L and the grounding wire E, the voltage Vle under the normal condition is basically equal to the voltage between the live wire and the zero line plus the voltage Vln + Vne between the zero line and the grounding wire, and when the grounding wire is not installed, the live wire and the grounding wire cannot form a loop, so that the Vle is approximately equal to 0, and when the Vle is a certain value close to zero, the monitored line can be judged to have no grounding wire.
D evaluating whether the ground line is good: normally, a ground wire with good grounding performance has no grounding current flowing, so the voltage Vle of the live wire to the ground wire is higher than or equal to the voltage Vne of the zero wire to the ground wire, and when Vle is Vne + Vln and Vne is a normal value y, the grounding wire is good in grounding
E, judging the ground wire fault, and having in-phase leakage: when the ground wire has an open circuit fault and has an induced voltage due to the existence of equivalent capacitance with the live wire, or when the phase wire of the loop leaks electricity to the ground due to some reason, the potential of the ground wire will rise, the voltage Vne of the zero wire to the ground wire will also rise and be larger than the normal value y, and the voltage Vle of the live wire to the ground wire is smaller than the voltage Vln of the live wire to the zero wire due to the rise of the potential of the ground wire, so that the ground wire fault can be judged when Vne > y Vle < Vln, and the same-phase leakage exists.
F, judging the ground wire fault, and having out-phase leakage: when the ground wire has an open circuit fault and has an induced voltage due to the existence of equivalent capacitance with the live wire, or other out-of-phase due to some reason, when the phase wire leaks electricity to the ground, the ground wire potential will rise, the voltage Vle of the zero line to the ground wire will also rise and be greater than the normal value y, because the ground wire has other out-of-phase voltage, the voltage Vle of the live wire to the ground wire will be higher than the voltage Vln of the live wire to the zero line, so when Vne > y Vle > Vln, the ground wire fault can be judged, and the out-of-phase leakage exists.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may be modified or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The electric safety analysis device is characterized by comprising an access mechanism, wherein the access mechanism comprises a ground wire interface, a live wire interface and a zero line interface which are respectively butted with a ground wire, a live wire and a zero line of a tested circuit;
the power supply is electrically connected with the live wire interface and the zero line interface of the access mechanism;
the switch phase selection circuit is electrically connected with the MCU through the driving circuit so as to be connected with at least one of the ground wire, the live wire and the zero wire through the access mechanism under the control of the MCU for detection, and the MCU is used for analyzing voltage data among the ground wire, the live wire, the zero wire, a working reference ground and a protection ground and judging whether the detected circuit has potential safety hazards or not;
the current limiting circuit is arranged between the switch phase selection circuit and the access mechanism;
the filter circuit is in communication connection with the MCU;
the voltage division circuit is arranged between the filter circuit and the switch phase selection circuit;
the device also comprises a communication circuit, a voice synthesis output circuit, a display circuit and a key input circuit which are in communication connection with the MCU;
the method for judging whether the tested circuit has potential safety hazard comprises the following steps:
setting a normal range of the voltage value of the zero line of the ground wire;
analyzing whether the zero line sequence of the tested circuit is correct or not;
analyzing whether the tested circuit has a ground wire or not;
evaluating whether the grounding of the ground wire of the tested circuit is good;
judging whether the ground wire of the tested circuit is in fault or not and whether in-phase leakage exists or not;
judging whether the ground wire of the circuit to be tested has a fault or not and whether out-of-phase electric leakage exists or not;
judging whether the voltage drop of the zero line of the tested circuit is abnormal or not;
wherein, whether the analysis measured circuit zero live line order is correct includes:
analyzing voltage data between a zero line and a working reference ground and voltage data between a live line and the working reference ground, wherein when the voltage between the live line and the working reference ground is greater than the voltage between the zero line and the working reference ground, a zero line sequence is correct, otherwise, the zero line sequence is wrong;
wherein, whether the analysis circuit has ground wire includes:
analyzing whether the voltage between the live wire and the ground wire approaches zero, if so, judging that the tested circuit has no ground wire, otherwise, judging that the tested circuit has the ground wire;
wherein, whether the ground wire of the tested circuit is well grounded comprises the following steps:
when the voltage between the live wire and the ground wire is equal to the sum of the voltage between the zero line and the ground wire and the voltage between the live wire and the zero line, and the voltage value between the ground wire and the zero line is within the range of the preset normal voltage value of the zero line of the ground wire, the ground wire of the tested circuit is judged to be well grounded;
wherein, judging whether the circuit ground wire under test is in fault, and whether there is the cophase electric leakage includes:
when the voltage value between the ground wire and the zero line is larger than the preset normal range of the voltage value of the zero line of the ground wire, the voltage value between the live wire and the ground wire is smaller than the voltage value between the live wire and the zero line, and the ground wire is connected with the zero line through a resistor, the ground wire of the tested circuit is judged to have a fault and have in-phase leakage when the voltage of the zero line and the ground wire still exceeds the preset normal value;
wherein, judging whether the ground wire of the circuit to be tested is in fault and whether the out-of-phase electric leakage exists comprises the following steps:
when the voltage value between the ground wire and the zero line is larger than the preset normal range of the voltage value of the ground wire and the zero line and the voltage value between the live wire and the ground wire is larger than the voltage value between the live wire and the zero line, the ground wire fault of the circuit to be detected is judged and out-of-phase electric leakage exists;
wherein, judging whether the voltage drop of the zero line of the circuit to be tested is abnormal comprises:
and when the voltage between the live wire and the ground wire is equal to the sum of the voltage between the zero line and the ground wire and the voltage between the live wire and the zero line, and the voltage value between the ground wire and the zero line is larger than the range of the preset normal voltage value of the zero line of the ground wire, judging that the voltage drop of the zero line of the tested circuit is abnormal.
2. The electrical safety analysis device according to claim 1, wherein the access mechanism is a triangular plug or a load socket.
3. The electrical safety analysis device according to claim 1, wherein the power source is a battery or an AC-DC isolated power source.
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| CN110703154A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2020-01-17 | 东莞市华博精测仪表科技有限公司 | Socket test circuit and broadcast control method for socket test |
| CN112216077B (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2022-04-26 | 国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Internet of things perception monitoring system, monitoring and early warning method, mobile terminal and cloud server |
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| CN202260378U (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2012-05-30 | 吴茂义 | Leakage protector |
| CN102386609B (en) * | 2011-12-12 | 2013-05-29 | 刘睿刚 | Leakage protection device |
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| CN2758783Y (en) * | 2004-12-29 | 2006-02-15 | 许源芳 | Ground wire detector and terminal plate for detecting ground wire condition |
| CN101183144A (en) * | 2007-12-05 | 2008-05-21 | 海信集团有限公司 | Single-phase power-supply wiring judgement method and single-phase power supply phase testing circuit |
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