CN107462684A - The test method of interflow water age parsing based on tracer technique - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种基于示踪技术的壤中流水龄解析的试验方法，包括步骤：1)从采样地点采集原状土样做成试验原状土柱；2)取3种示踪剂分别加入水中，并制成溶液；3)将第一种示踪剂溶液以人工降雨的形式入渗到所述试验原状土柱中，以模拟降水积水入渗补给土壤水，将第二种示踪剂溶液通过毛管上升补给土壤水，直至所述试验原状土柱中的土壤水达到饱和状态；4)将第三种示踪剂溶液同样以人工降雨的形式入渗到所述试验原状土柱中，并在所述试验原状土柱的不同高度及底部收集水样，直至水样中不再含有第一种示踪剂和第二种示踪剂，记录第三种示踪剂溶液所用的体积；5)根据土壤样品采集点的年均降水量，计算此种土壤壤中流的水龄。
The invention discloses a test method for analyzing the age of flowing water in soil based on tracer technology, which comprises the steps of: 1) collecting undisturbed soil samples from sampling sites to make test undisturbed soil columns; 2) taking three kinds of tracers and adding them into water respectively, And make solution; 3) the first kind of tracer solution is infiltrated in the described test undisturbed soil column with the form of artificial rainfall, replenishes soil water with the infiltration of simulated precipitation ponding water, and the second kind of tracer solution Replenish soil water by capillary rise until the soil water in the undisturbed soil column of the test reaches saturation; 4) infiltrate the third tracer solution into the undisturbed soil column of the test in the form of artificial rainfall, and Collect water samples at different heights and bottoms of the undisturbed soil column in the test until the water samples no longer contain the first tracer and the second tracer, and record the used volume of the third tracer solution; 5 ) According to the average annual precipitation of the soil sample collection point, calculate the water age of this kind of soil flow in the soil.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种基于示踪技术的壤中流水龄解析的试验方法。The invention relates to a test method for analyzing the age of flowing water in soil based on tracer technology.
背景技术Background technique
壤中流是在土壤中沿不同透水性土壤层界面流动的水流，它是径流的重要组成部分，对流域径流调节、水源涵养、泥沙迁移、养分流失以及流域水文循环计算都具有非常重要的作用。土壤水分受降雨入渗、灌溉、蒸发、地下水补给等共同作用，变化复杂。Soil midflow is the water flowing in the soil along the interface of soil layers with different water permeability. It is an important part of runoff and plays a very important role in watershed runoff regulation, water conservation, sediment migration, nutrient loss, and watershed hydrological cycle calculation. . Soil moisture is affected by rainfall infiltration, irrigation, evaporation, groundwater recharge, etc., and its changes are complex.
采用示踪剂可以较好地示踪水分在土壤中的运移路径，对壤中流的运移路径和运移速度进行示踪研究，同时该方法可以在不扰动土壤的前提下对水分的运移进行示踪。The use of tracers can better track the migration path of water in the soil, and trace the migration path and migration speed of soil flow. At the same time, this method can monitor the movement of water without disturbing the soil. Move for tracking.
入渗是在降雨或灌溉条件下，水分通过土壤表面垂直或水平进入土壤的过程。地下水补给是地下水在土层下部沿土壤毛细管进入土壤的过程。Infiltration is the process by which water enters the soil vertically or horizontally through the soil surface under rainfall or irrigation conditions. Groundwater recharge is the process of groundwater entering the soil along the soil capillary in the lower part of the soil layer.
雨前土壤含水量对壤中流的影响一方面表现在对水分入渗速率的影响上，有研究表明，水分的入渗速率与土壤含水量成反比，同时雨前土壤含水量越大则坡地壤中流产流开始的时间明显提前。而雨前土壤含水量对壤中流另一方面的影响表现在对于壤中流的补给上，对于相同的降雨而言，雨前土壤含水量越大则壤中流产流量越大，相对较高的雨前土壤含水量是壤中流产生的重要条件之一。On the one hand, the influence of soil water content before rain on soil flow is reflected in the influence of water infiltration rate. Some studies have shown that the water infiltration rate is inversely proportional to soil water content. The time of onset of miscarriage is significantly earlier. On the other hand, the impact of soil water content before rain on soil flow is reflected in the replenishment of soil flow. For the same rainfall, the greater the soil water content before rain, the greater the flow of soil runoff. Relatively high rainfall Soil moisture content is one of the important conditions for soil flow.
对壤中流的产流来源进行研究时发现，来源可分为新水和旧水，新水即一次降雨径流事件中补充的水分，而旧水则为降雨前储存在土壤中或者地表的水分。新水和旧水对于径流的补充方式各有不同，例如降雨落到地表后，径流接收到降雨补充的水分开始形成，而当雨水入渗到土壤中以后，降雨前储存在土壤中的水分(即旧水)会被驱替出来，融入到本次降雨径流过程中所产生的壤中流中，形成壤中流，进而产生新旧水混合的结果。When studying the sources of runoff in soil runoff, it is found that the sources can be divided into new water and old water. New water is the water replenished in a rainfall runoff event, while old water is the water stored in the soil or on the surface before rainfall. New water and old water supplement the runoff in different ways. For example, after the rainfall falls on the surface, the runoff receives the moisture supplemented by the rainfall and begins to form. When the rainwater infiltrates into the soil, the moisture stored in the soil before the rainfall ( That is, the old water) will be displaced out and integrated into the soil inflow generated during the rainfall runoff process to form the soil inflow, and then produce the result of mixing old and new water.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种基于示踪技术的壤中流水龄解析的试验方法，通过模拟降水入渗补给与地下水毛管上升补给土壤水的过程，进一步推导出雨前土壤水被完全驱替出突然所需时间，其推算结果误差小，且便于操作。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a test method for analyzing the age of water flow in soil based on tracer technology. By simulating the process of precipitation infiltration recharge and groundwater capillary rise recharge soil water, it is further deduced that the soil water is completely displaced before the rain. All of a sudden, the required time is small, and the error of the calculation result is small, and it is easy to operate.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种基于示踪技术的壤中流水龄解析的试验方法，其特征在于，包括步骤：In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of test method based on the analysis of the running water age in the soil of tracer technology, it is characterized in that, comprises steps:
1)从采样地点采集原状土样做成试验原状土柱；1) Collect undisturbed soil samples from the sampling site to make test undisturbed soil columns;
2)取3种示踪剂分别加入水中，并制成溶液；2) Take the three tracers and add them into water respectively to make a solution;
3)将第一种示踪剂溶液以人工降雨的形式入渗到所述试验原状土柱中，以模拟降水积水入渗补给土壤水，将第二种示踪剂溶液通过毛管上升补给土壤水，直至所述试验原状土柱中的土壤水达到饱和状态；3) Infiltrate the first tracer solution into the undisturbed soil column in the test in the form of artificial rainfall to simulate the infiltration of precipitation and stagnant water to recharge the soil water, and the second tracer solution to recharge the soil through the capillary rise water until the soil water in the undisturbed soil column of the test reaches saturation;
4)将第三种示踪剂溶液同样以人工降雨的形式入渗到所述试验原状土柱中，并在所述试验原状土柱的不同高度及底部收集水样，直至水样中不再含有第一种示踪剂和第二种示踪剂，记录第三种示踪剂溶液所用的体积；4) The third tracer solution is also infiltrated into the undisturbed soil column of the test in the form of artificial rainfall, and water samples are collected at different heights and bottoms of the undisturbed soil column of the test until there is no trace in the water sample. Contains the first tracer and the second tracer, record the volume used for the third tracer solution;
5)根据土壤样品采集点的年均降水量，计算此种土壤壤中流的水龄。5) According to the average annual precipitation at the soil sample collection point, calculate the water age of the soil-soil flow.
优选地，所述试验原状土柱来源于采样地点采集的原状土样，所述试验原状土柱作为一种近自然状态的土壤形态。Preferably, the test undisturbed soil column is derived from undisturbed soil samples collected at the sampling site, and the test undisturbed soil column is a soil form in a near-natural state.
优选地，所用示踪剂不被土壤颗粒吸附。Preferably, the tracers used are not adsorbed by soil particles.
进一步，计算采样地点雨前土壤水被降水从土壤中完全驱替的时间(t)，即水龄，的公式为：Further, the formula for calculating the time (t) for soil water to be completely displaced by precipitation from the soil before the rain at the sampling site, that is, the water age, is:
其中，t为采样地点雨前土壤水被降水从土壤中完全驱替的时间(天)，V总为第三种示踪剂溶液完全把第一种示踪剂溶液和第二种示踪剂溶液从土壤中驱替时所用量(L)，S为所述试验原状土柱的上底面积(m2)，P为采样地点的多年平均降水量(mm)。Among them, t is the time (days) when the soil water is completely displaced by precipitation from the soil before the rain at the sampling site, V is the third tracer solution that completely mixes the first tracer solution and the second tracer solution The amount (L) used when the solution is displaced from the soil, S is the upper bottom area (m 2 ) of the undisturbed soil column in the test, and P is the annual average precipitation (mm) of the sampling site.
本发明的有益效果为：本申请通过实验模拟降水入渗补给与地下水毛管上升补给土壤水的过程，进一步推导出雨前土壤水被完全驱替出土壤所需时间。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the application simulates the process of precipitation infiltration recharge and capillary rise of groundwater to recharge soil water through experiments, and further deduces the time required for soil water to be completely displaced out of soil before rain.
附图说明Description of drawings
在下文中将参照附图更完全地描述本发明的一些示例实施例；然而，本发明可以以不同的形式体现，不应当被认为限于本文所提出的实施例。相反，附图与说明书一起例示本发明的一些示例实施例，并用于解释本发明的原理和方面。Some example embodiments of the present invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings; however, the invention may be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, the drawings illustrate some example embodiments of the invention, and together with the description, serve to explain the principles and aspects of the invention.
在图中，为了例示清楚，尺寸可能被夸大。贯穿全文，相同的附图标记指代相同的元件。In the drawings, dimensions may be exaggerated for clarity of illustration. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.
图1为根据本发明的一种基于示踪技术的壤中流水龄解析的试验方法的流程图。Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a test method for analyzing the age of flowing water in soil based on tracer technology according to the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
在下面的详细描述中，本发明的某些示例性实施例简单地通过例示的方式被示出和描述。如本领域技术人员将认识到的那样，所描述的实施例可以以各种不同的方式修改，所有这些都不脱离本发明的精神或范围。因此，图和描述将被视为在本质上是例示性的，而不是限制性的。In the following detailed description, certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown and described, simply by way of illustration. As those skilled in the art would realize, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, all without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and descriptions are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not restrictive.
下文中，将参照附图更详细地描述根据本发明的基于示踪技术的壤中流水龄解析的试验方法。Hereinafter, the test method for analyzing the age of flowing water in soil based on the tracer technique according to the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
一种基于示踪技术的壤中流水龄解析的试验方法，该方法包括以下步骤：A kind of test method for analyzing the age of flowing water in soil based on tracer technology, the method comprises the following steps:
步骤S1：从采样地点采集原状土样做成试验原状土柱；Step S1: collect undisturbed soil samples from the sampling site to make test undisturbed soil columns;
步骤S2：取3种示踪剂分别加入水中，并制成溶液；Step S2: Take the three tracers and add them into water respectively to make a solution;
步骤S3：将第一种示踪剂溶液以人工降雨的形式入渗到试验原状土柱中，以模拟降水积水入渗补给土壤水，将第二种示踪剂溶液通过毛管上升补给土壤水，直至试验原状土柱中的土壤水达到饱和状态；Step S3: Infiltrate the first tracer solution into the undisturbed soil column in the form of artificial rainfall to simulate the infiltration of precipitation and accumulated water to replenish soil water, and the second tracer solution rises through the capillary to replenish soil water , until the soil water in the undisturbed soil column reaches saturation;
步骤S4：将第三种示踪剂溶液同样以人工降雨的形式入渗到试验原状土柱中，并在试验原状土柱的不同高度及底部设置采集孔收集水样，直至水样中不再含有第一种示踪剂和第二种示踪剂，记录第三种示踪剂溶液所用的体积；Step S4: The third tracer solution is also infiltrated into the undisturbed soil column in the form of artificial rainfall, and collection holes are set at different heights and bottoms of the undisturbed soil column to collect water samples until there is no more tracer in the water sample. Contains the first tracer and the second tracer, record the volume used for the third tracer solution;
步骤S5：根据土壤样品采集点的年均降水量，计算此种土壤壤中流的水龄。Step S5: According to the average annual precipitation of the soil sample collection point, calculate the water age of the soil-soil flow in this kind of soil.
优选地，试验原状土柱来源于采样地点采集的原状土样，该试验原状土柱作为一种近自然状态的土壤形态。Preferably, the test undisturbed soil column is derived from undisturbed soil samples collected at the sampling site, and the test undisturbed soil column is a soil form in a near-natural state.
优选地，试验所用示踪剂不被土壤颗粒吸附。Preferably, the tracer used in the test is not adsorbed by soil particles.
试验中，所述第一种示踪剂溶液以人工降雨的形式入渗到试验原状土柱中，第二种示踪剂溶液通过毛管作用补给土壤水，作为雨前土壤水；当水样中检测不到第一种示踪剂和第二种示踪剂时，即认为雨前土壤水完全被第三种示踪剂溶液从土壤中完全驱替，记录此时第三种示踪剂溶液所用量V总(L)。In the test, the first tracer solution was infiltrated into the undisturbed soil column in the form of artificial rainfall, and the second tracer solution replenished soil water through capillary action as soil water before rain; When the first tracer and the second tracer cannot be detected, it is considered that the soil water is completely displaced from the soil by the third tracer solution before the rain, and the third tracer solution at this time is recorded The amount used is V total (L).
计算采样地点雨前土壤水被降水从土壤中完全驱替的时间(t)，即水龄，的公式为：The formula for calculating the time (t) for the soil water to be completely displaced by precipitation from the soil before the rain at the sampling site, that is, the water age, is:
其中，t为采样地点雨前土壤水被降水从土壤中完全驱替的时间(天)，V总为第三种示踪剂溶液完全把第一种示踪剂溶液和第二种示踪剂溶液从土壤中完全驱替时所用量(L)，S为试验原状土柱的上底面积(m2)，P为采样地点的多年平均降水量(mm)。Among them, t is the time (days) when the soil water is completely displaced by precipitation from the soil before the rain at the sampling site, V is the third tracer solution that completely mixes the first tracer solution and the second tracer solution The amount used when the solution is completely displaced from the soil (L), S is the upper bottom area of the undisturbed soil column in the test (m 2 ), and P is the annual average precipitation of the sampling site (mm).
本发明所采用的基于示踪技术的壤中流水龄解析的试验方法，简单易于操作，通过模拟降水入渗补给与地下水毛管上升补给土壤水的过程，进一步推导出雨前土壤水被完全驱替出突然所需时间，其推算结果误差小。The test method for analyzing the age of flowing water in soil based on tracer technology adopted in the present invention is simple and easy to operate. By simulating the process of precipitation infiltration recharge and groundwater capillary rise recharge soil water, it is further deduced that the soil water is completely displaced before the rain The time required for a sudden outburst, and the error of the calculation result is small.
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| CN110850064A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-02-28 | 安徽省（水利部淮河水利委员会）水利科学研究院（安徽省水利工程质量检测中心站） | Method for detecting new and old water flowing on slope surface and in soil |
| CN111220785A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-06-02 | 安徽省（水利部淮河水利委员会）水利科学研究院（安徽省水利工程质量检测中心站） | Method for detecting water age of water body |
| CN115902140A (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2023-04-04 | 安徽省（水利部淮河水利委员会）水利科学研究院（安徽省水利工程质量检测中心站） | Method for detecting age of river runoff water based on tracing technology |
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| CN110850064B (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2021-12-03 | 安徽省（水利部淮河水利委员会）水利科学研究院（安徽省水利工程质量检测中心站） | Method for detecting new and old water flowing on slope surface and in soil |
| CN111220785A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-06-02 | 安徽省（水利部淮河水利委员会）水利科学研究院（安徽省水利工程质量检测中心站） | Method for detecting water age of water body |
| CN115902140A (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2023-04-04 | 安徽省（水利部淮河水利委员会）水利科学研究院（安徽省水利工程质量检测中心站） | Method for detecting age of river runoff water based on tracing technology |
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