CN107461804A - Embedded indoor unit and control method thereof - Google Patents
Embedded indoor unit and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107461804A CN107461804A CN201710530583.2A CN201710530583A CN107461804A CN 107461804 A CN107461804 A CN 107461804A CN 201710530583 A CN201710530583 A CN 201710530583A CN 107461804 A CN107461804 A CN 107461804A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- evaporator
- shell
- air outlet
- air
- blower fan
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
- F24F1/0011—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by air outlets
- F24F1/0014—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by air outlets having two or more outlet openings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/20—Casings or covers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/22—Means for preventing condensation or evacuating condensate
- F24F13/222—Means for preventing condensation or evacuating condensate for evacuating condensate
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/30—Arrangement or mounting of heat-exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning Room Units, And Self-Contained Units In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an embedded indoor unit and a control method thereof, wherein the embedded indoor unit comprises a shell, a fan and an evaporator, wherein the fan and the evaporator are arranged in the shell, the shell is embedded in a wall body, two ends of the shell respectively protrude out of two sides of the wall body, two air inlets and two air outlets are arranged on the shell, and one air inlet and one air outlet are arranged on the shell positioned on the same side of the wall body. According to the embedded indoor unit and the control method thereof, the shell is embedded into the wall, the two air inlets and the two air outlets are formed in the shell, heat exchange can be carried out on one or two rooms according to the needs of a user, and the quantity of the refrigerant fed into the two evaporators can be automatically distributed when the two rooms simultaneously exchange heat, so that the purpose of respectively exchanging heat for the two rooms according to different requirements is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to airhandling equipment field, particularly a kind of inset type indoor set and its control method.
Background technology
Nowadays, air-conditioning occupies increasingly heavier status in people live, and most users select to make
Exchanged heat with wall hanging machine, to solve the problems, such as the use space on cabinet-type air conditioner occupancy ground, but in the prior art, wall hanging machine is hung
A house interior is hung over, and only there is an air outlet, that is, can only achieve the purpose to be exchanged heat for a room, work as place
The heat exchange amount hour that room need not exchange heat or need, the problem of will result in the energy dissipation of the air-conditioning system.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, provide a kind of can selectively be exchanged heat in two neighboring room simultaneously
Inset type indoor set and its control method.
A kind of inset type indoor set, including shell, the blower fan and evaporator that are arranged at the enclosure, on the shell
At least one air inlet and at least two air outlets are provided with, and the shell is at least stretched into two rooms, each room
It is interior that at least there is an air outlet.
The air inlet corresponds with the air outlet, and is provided with each room described in an air inlet and one
Air outlet.
An air-flow is formed between the air inlet on the shell and the air outlet in same room to lead to
Road.
The quantity of the air inlet and the air outlet is two, and the quantity of the blower fan is two, and each described
A blower fan is provided with gas channel.
Also include distributor, the entrance of the distributor connects with outdoor unit, two outlet respectively with two evaporations
The entrance connection of device.
Place is provided with a throttling arrangement between the entrance and the distributor of each evaporator.
Also include drip tray, the drip tray is arranged at the enclosure, the evaporator bottom, and the drip tray
End and the adjacent air outlet between there is spacing.
The wind deflector of sealing process has been provided with two air inlets and two air outlets.
A kind of control method of above-mentioned inset type indoor set, including：
When the quantity of the blower fan and the evaporator is 1：Needed to select the wall side of heat exchange according to user；
If a, the side of wall needs to exchange heat, the air inlet of correspondence direction and the air outlet are opened, and open
Blower fan and evaporator；
If b, the both sides of wall are required to exchange heat, two air inlets and the air outlet are opened, and open blower fan
And evaporator.
When the quantity of the blower fan and the evaporator is two：Needed to select the wall side of heat exchange according to user
Face；
If c, the side of wall needs to exchange heat, the air inlet of correspondence direction and the air outlet are opened, and open
The blower fan and evaporator of correspondence direction；
If d, the both sides of wall are required to exchange heat, two air inlets and the air outlet are opened, and open two
Blower fan and two evaporators.
In b, if the heat exchange amount of the both sides demand of wall is different, the evaporator corresponding to distributor regulation entrance
Refrigerant amount and/or the rotation speed of fan for adjusting correspondence direction.
Inset type indoor set provided by the invention and its control method, by the way that shell is bumped into inside wall, and in shell
On open up two air inlets and two air outlets, need to exchange heat to one or two room according to user, and two
Individual room exchanges heat simultaneously when, the size for the refrigerant amount being sent into inside two evaporators can be distributed automatically, is reached to two rooms
Between the purpose that is exchanged heat respectively according to different demands.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is inset type indoor set provided by the invention and its structural representation of control method；
In figure：
1st, shell；2nd, blower fan；3rd, evaporator；4th, air inlet；5th, air outlet；6th, drip tray；7th, wind deflector.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples pair
The frock of the assembled display component of the present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that specific implementation described herein
Example is only used for explaining the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Inset type indoor set as shown in Figure 1, including shell 1, the blower fan 2 and evaporator that are arranged inside the shell 1
3, at least one air outlet 5 of air inlet 4 and at least two is provided with the shell 1, and the shell 1 at least stretches into two rooms
In, at least there is an air outlet 5 in each room.
When the inset type indoor set of the application is wall indoor unit, the shell 1 is bumped into inside wall, is projected into more
In individual room, make to be respectively provided with least one air outlet 5 in each room being projected into, can be selected according to the demand of user
Selecting property exchanges heat to a room or multiple rooms.
When the inset type indoor set of the application is ceiling mounting type indoor set, the shell 1 lifts on the ceiling, and in day
Multiple rooms are stretched into card, and then make to be respectively provided with least one air outlet 5 in each room, can be according to user's
Demand selectivity exchanges heat to a room or multiple rooms.
Wherein, an air inlet 4 on the shell 1 can be all air feeds of air outlet 5, and the air inlet
4 can be arranged in an arbitrary room or in multiple rooms.
Preferably, the air inlet 4 is corresponded with the air outlet 5, and an air inlet 4 is provided with each room
With an air outlet 5, guarantee to suck air and blow out air out of same room, prevent to the room without heat exchange
Between produce interference.
Preferably, the blower fan 2 is at the center of the shell 1, particularly makes the outermost of blower fan 2 to all described
The distance of air outlet 5 is equal, and the evaporator 3 is arranged on the upside of the blower fan 2, inside the shell 1, and passes through the air intake
The gas of mouth 4 can enter in blower fan 2 after the evaporator 3, and flow out the shell 1 by the air outlet 5.
An air-flow is formed between the air inlet 4 and the air outlet 5 on the shell 1 in same room
Passage.
The quantity of the air inlet and the air outlet is two, and the quantity of the blower fan 2 is two, and each described
A blower fan 2 is provided with gas channel.
The quantity of the blower fan 2 is two, and a blower fan 2 is provided with each gas channel, by setting
One blower fan 2 of setting in a gas channel is put, can be ensured in the case of needing to exchange heat in a room, another air-flow
Gas stream is not had in passage to move, and then effectively avoids such as noise, vibration technical problem caused by meeting in another room.
The quantity of the evaporator 3 is two, and two evaporators 3 are arranged in parallel inside the shell 1, and each
An evaporator 3 is provided with the gas channel, an evaporator 3 is coordinated with a blower fan 2, in a room
In the case of needing heat exchange, refrigerant is not flowed into inside the evaporator 3 in another gas channel, i.e., the evaporator 3 stops work
To make so that all refrigerants can be supplied to another evaporator 3, and then increase the utilization rate of heat exchange efficiency and refrigerant, and
And it can effectively avoid such as noise, vibration technical problem caused by meeting in another room.
Also include distributor, the entrance of the distributor connects with outdoor unit, two outlet respectively with two evaporations
The entrance connection of device 3, the distributor can be controlled and distribute to entering the refrigerant amount in two evaporators 3,
Preferably, the distributor can receive target temperature in two rooms, after being compared, automatically adjust point of refrigerant amount
Match somebody with somebody, reach the purpose of control.
Place is provided with a throttling arrangement between the entrance and the distributor of each evaporator 3.
Or a throttling arrangement is provided between the entrance and outdoor unit of each evaporator 3.
One-level distribution can be carried out by distributor, flow control directly can also be carried out by throttling arrangement.
Also include drip tray 6, the drip tray 6 is arranged at that the shell 1 is internal, the bottom of evaporator 3, and described connects
There is spacing, i.e. drip tray 7 can collect two evaporations simultaneously between the end of water pond 6 and the adjacent air outlet 5
The cooling water of device 3.
The wind deflector 7 of sealing process is provided with two air inlets 4 and two air outlets 5, by leading
Aerofoil 7 realizes the opening and closing of the air inlet 4 and the air outlet 5.
A kind of control method of above-mentioned inset type indoor set, including：
When the quantity of the blower fan 2 and the evaporator 3 is 1：Needed to select the wall side of heat exchange according to user
Face, i.e. selection need the room to exchange heat；
If a, the side of wall needs to exchange heat, the air inlet 4 and the air outlet 5 of correspondence direction are opened, and is beaten
Blow in machine 2 and evaporator 3；
If b, the both sides of wall are required to exchange heat, two air inlets 4 and the air outlet 5 are opened, and open wind
Machine 2 and evaporator 3.
When the quantity of the blower fan 2 and the evaporator 3 is two：Needed to select the wall of heat exchange according to user
Side；
If c, the side of wall needs to exchange heat, the air inlet 4 and the air outlet 5 of correspondence direction are opened, and is beaten
Drive the blower fan 2 and evaporator 3 of correspondence direction；
If d, the both sides of wall are required to exchange heat, two air inlets 4 and the air outlet 5 are opened, and open two
Individual blower fan 2 and two evaporators 3.
In b, if the heat exchange amount of the both sides demand of wall is different, the evaporator 3 corresponding to distributor regulation entrance
Refrigerant amount and/or adjust correspondence direction the rotating speed of blower fan 2.
Or in b, if the heat exchange amount of the both sides demand of wall is different, two throttling arrangements are adjusted respectively to adjust entrance
The refrigerant amount of the corresponding evaporator 3 and/or the rotating speed of blower fan 2 for adjusting correspondence direction.
In d, incoming air area is more than air-out area, and intake is enough, and blower fan interference tacks small；Such as there is interference to tack now
As that also can increase dividing plate in two fan parts and separate.
Embodiment described above only expresses the several embodiments of the present invention, and its description is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
Therefore the limitation to the scope of the claims of the present invention can not be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for one of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the guarantor of the present invention
Protect scope.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (12)
- A kind of 1. inset type indoor set, it is characterised in that：Including shell (1), it is arranged at the internal blower fan (2) of the shell (1) With evaporator (3), at least one air inlet (4) and at least two air outlets (5) are provided with the shell (1), and it is described outer Shell (1) is at least stretched into two rooms, at least has an air outlet (5) in each room.
- 2. inset type indoor set according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The air inlet (4) and the air outlet (5) Correspond, and an air inlet (4) and an air outlet (5) are provided with each room.
- 3. inset type indoor set according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The shell (1) in same room On the air inlet (4) and the air outlet (5) between formed a gas channel.
- 4. inset type indoor set according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The quantity of the air inlet and the air outlet It it is two, the quantity of the blower fan (2) is two, and a blower fan (2) is provided with each gas channel.
- 5. inset type indoor set according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The quantity of the evaporator (3) be two, two The individual evaporator (3) is arranged in parallel in the shell (1) inside, and a steaming is provided with each gas channel Send out device (3).
- 6. inset type indoor set according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Also include distributor, the distributor enters Mouth connects with outdoor unit, and entrances of two outlets respectively with two evaporators (3) connect.
- 7. inset type indoor set according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The entrance of each evaporator (3) and institute Place is provided with a throttling arrangement between stating distributor.
- 8. inset type indoor set according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Also include drip tray (6), the drip tray (6) be arranged at that the shell (1) is internal, evaporator (3) bottom, and the end of the drip tray (6) with it is adjacent described There is spacing between air outlet (5).
- 9. inset type indoor set according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described in two air inlets (4) and two Air outlet (5) place has been provided with the wind deflector (7) of sealing process.
- A kind of 10. control method of the inset type indoor set any one of claim 1 to 9, it is characterised in that：Including：When the quantity of the blower fan (2) and the evaporator (3) is 1：Needed to select the wall side of heat exchange according to user Face；If a, the side of wall needs to exchange heat, the air inlet (4) and the air outlet (5) of correspondence direction are opened, and is beaten Blow in machine (2) and evaporator (3)；If b, the both sides of wall are required to exchange heat, two air inlets (4) and the air outlet (5) are opened, and open wind Machine (2) and evaporator (3).
- 11. according to the control method described in claim 1-9, it is characterised in that：When the blower fan (2) and the evaporator (3) Quantity when being two：Needed to select the wall side of heat exchange according to user；If c, the side of wall needs to exchange heat, the air inlet (4) and the air outlet (5) of correspondence direction are opened, and is beaten Drive the blower fan (2) and evaporator (3) of correspondence direction；If d, the both sides of wall are required to exchange heat, two air inlets (4) and the air outlet (5) are opened, and open two Individual blower fan (2) and two evaporators (3).
- 12. control method according to claim 11, it is characterised in that：In b, if the heat exchange amount of the both sides demand of wall Difference, then distributor regulation enter corresponding to the evaporator (3) refrigerant amount and/or adjust correspondence direction blower fan (2) Rotating speed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710530583.2A CN107461804A (en) | 2017-07-03 | 2017-07-03 | Embedded indoor unit and control method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710530583.2A CN107461804A (en) | 2017-07-03 | 2017-07-03 | Embedded indoor unit and control method thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107461804A true CN107461804A (en) | 2017-12-12 |
Family
ID=60546596
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710530583.2A Pending CN107461804A (en) | 2017-07-03 | 2017-07-03 | Embedded indoor unit and control method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107461804A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110056947A (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-07-26 | 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 | A kind of air conditioner indoor unit and air-conditioning |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE717836A (en) * | 1967-08-03 | 1968-12-16 | ||
| CN2480753Y (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2002-03-06 | 陈虎 | Indoor unit with front and back air inlet and outlet for air conditioner |
| CN102207308A (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2011-10-05 | 乐金电子(天津)电器有限公司 | Hanging type indoor air conditioner provided with air outlets at two sides |
| CN103574863A (en) * | 2012-07-25 | 2014-02-12 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Indoor unit of air conditioner |
| CN106545925A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-03-29 | 海信（山东）空调有限公司 | A kind of hanging air conditioner and its control method |
| CN207006373U (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2018-02-13 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Embedded indoor unit |
-
2017
- 2017-07-03 CN CN201710530583.2A patent/CN107461804A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE717836A (en) * | 1967-08-03 | 1968-12-16 | ||
| CN2480753Y (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2002-03-06 | 陈虎 | Indoor unit with front and back air inlet and outlet for air conditioner |
| CN102207308A (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2011-10-05 | 乐金电子(天津)电器有限公司 | Hanging type indoor air conditioner provided with air outlets at two sides |
| CN103574863A (en) * | 2012-07-25 | 2014-02-12 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Indoor unit of air conditioner |
| CN106545925A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-03-29 | 海信（山东）空调有限公司 | A kind of hanging air conditioner and its control method |
| CN207006373U (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2018-02-13 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Embedded indoor unit |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110056947A (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-07-26 | 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 | A kind of air conditioner indoor unit and air-conditioning |
| CN110056947B (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2022-03-18 | 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 | Machine and air conditioner in air conditioning |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107504560A (en) | Wall-hanging air conditioner indoor unit | |
| CN108413500B (en) | Indoor unit of air conditioner | |
| CN108800313A (en) | Air conditioner and air conditioner control method | |
| CN105115066B (en) | Outdoor unit of variable frequency air conditioner | |
| CN208238003U (en) | air conditioner | |
| CN106287968A (en) | Side is returned down and is sent formula many spaces indoor apparatus of air conditioner | |
| KR20090117043A (en) | Air conditioning system | |
| CN107327929A (en) | The control method of floor air conditioner and floor air conditioner | |
| CN207006373U (en) | Embedded indoor unit | |
| CN104359152A (en) | Module multi-connected precise air-conditioning system and heat dissipation method thereof | |
| CN208124466U (en) | Vertical air conditioner indoor unit and air conditioner | |
| CN107461804A (en) | Embedded indoor unit and control method thereof | |
| KR101470317B1 (en) | Outdoor booth having air conditioner | |
| EP1907764B1 (en) | Air distribution system for an air conditioning system | |
| CN205980042U (en) | Send many spaces of formula air conditioning interior machine under inclining back | |
| CN110410870A (en) | Indoor unit and air conditioner with same | |
| JPS6023736A (en) | Air conditioner | |
| CN215001914U (en) | Indoor machine of air conditioner | |
| CN212114504U (en) | Box-type substation with air conditioning system | |
| CN211233092U (en) | Indoor unit and air conditioner with same | |
| CN106839213B (en) | Base station air conditioner with multiple air supply modes | |
| JPH0261446A (en) | Ventilator with heat exchanger | |
| CN107477710B (en) | Outdoor unit and air conditioner with same | |
| WO2019116838A1 (en) | Heat exchange unit and air conditioning device having same mounted therein | |
| CN205961653U (en) | Uniform heat dissipation temperature control device and cabinet type device thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |