CN107460376A - A kind of hybrid reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of hybrid reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107460376A CN107460376A CN201710636951.1A CN201710636951A CN107460376A CN 107460376 A CN107460376 A CN 107460376A CN 201710636951 A CN201710636951 A CN 201710636951A CN 107460376 A CN107460376 A CN 107460376A
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
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- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0005—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with at least one oxide and at least one of carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
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- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
- C22C32/0063—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides based on SiC
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of nano particle hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composites and preparation method thereof, belong to casting metal based composite material field.The matrix of material is aluminum or aluminum alloy, and enhancing is mutually nano grade Sic particle and other nano particles.Present invention also offers the method for preparing above composite, first, under vacuum or argon gas protection, nano SiC powder, other one or more nano particles, micron order aluminum or aluminum alloy powder is mixed with out into grade composite particles.Then; grade composite particles are pressed into prefabricated intermediate alloy block; it is then added in aluminum or aluminum alloy melt; by refining, degassing processing; take off removing dross and oxide is mingled with; and apply mechanical agitation and ultrasonic vibration, promote nano-ceramic particle dispersed in metal bath, prepare nano-ceramic particle hybrid reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material.The present invention has given full play to the complementation and advantage of multiphase hybrid buildup, significantly improves the properties of metal-base composites.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to casting metal based composite material and its preparation field, is related to a kind of additional nano particle hybrid enhancing
Aluminum matrix composite and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Metal-base nanometer composite material (Metal Matrix Nanocomposites, MMNCs) has light weight, than strong
The excellent performances such as degree and specific stiffness are high, wearability is good, in industrial circles such as space flight, aviation, military affairs and automobiles by more next
More extensive concern.In general, micron-sized ceramic particle is mainly used to improve material hardness and wearability, but when enhancing
When granule content is higher, the toughness of material reduces, and this have impact on the application of metal-base composites to a certain extent.And to base
A small amount of Nano-size Reinforced Particle is added in body metal, the intensity of material can not only be significantly improved, can also obtain higher toughness.Mesh
Before, this nano grain reinforced metal-base composites, cause people greatly to pay attention to, and turn into metal-base composites
Study hotspot in recent years.
The casting preparation method of traditional aluminum matrix composite mainly has two kinds, when outer addition, i.e., by single enhancing particle
It is applied in matrix alloy liquation；Second, in-situ method, i.e., generate single enhancing in matrix alloy liquation by reaction in-situ
Certain performance of matrix mutually is improved, or obtains the preferable material of combination property.
In fact, there is the shortcomings that respective in both of which, for example：In-situ method reaction temperature is high, and reaction speed is fast, is not easy
Control, the ceramic particle size of synthesis is difficult to control in the range of Nano grade, and in-situ method can only synthesize limited kinds
Ceramic particle；And the Major Difficulties of outer addition are that the wetability of nano-ceramic particle and metallic matrix is poor, nano-ceramic particle
It is difficult to be added in metal bath, secondly, nano-ceramic particle is easily reunited in metallic matrix, causes poor mechanical property,
So as to hinder the development of this method.
Literature search discovery, the Chinese patent of Application No. 200610041896.3 (Publication No. CN 100412216C)
Application describes a kind of high-temperature heat-resistance aluminium based composite material enhanced by miscellaneous granules and composite preparation process, is prepared for by reaction in-situ
The nanoscale Al of generation3Ti、TiB2The micron order SiC particulate hybrid reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material that particle and liquid stirring introduce, but
The shortcomings that technique is the more difficult control of nano-scale particle sizes that reaction in-situ speed is whard to control and synthesizes, and strengthens the content of phase
It is limited, fail to play the enhancing effect and synergy of enhancing particle very well, and clear up easily that SiC particulate is clear during reacting salt slag
Manage etc..
The Chinese patent application of Application No. 201210543760.8 (Publication No. CN 103866154B) describes one kind
The Dispersed precipitate method of micro-nano granules enhancing phase in composite, mainly by micro-ceramic particle and nano-scale particle phase
Mixing, and the mixed powder strengthened mutually with matrix is wrapped up in press-in melt with masking foil, prepares micro-nano granules enhancing phase
The metal-base composites of Dispersed precipitate.But in this method after masking foil fusing, particulates reinforcements can reunite shape toward floating, and gather
Collect top layer, oxidation is serious；It is limited that the amount of mixed powder press-in melt is wrapped up by masking foil, causes nature incorporation time longer.
Therefore can make at melt long-time at high temperature, particle aggravates with basal body interface, can also extend the time of melt and air contact,
Oxidation reaction is serious, and melt field trash can be caused more.
A kind of TiB of the Introduction To Cn Patent of Application No. 201510345500.3 (Publication No. CN 104911416B)2
Particle and Mg2The preparation method of Si hybrid reinforced aluminum-matrix composite materials, its method are fabricated in situ, and it is all micro- to strengthen particle
Meter level, enhancing effect are limited.
At present, in-situ authigenic method hybrid reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material research it is more, and additional confusion enhancing research compared with
It is few.Moreover, in existing method, great number of issues be present, it is difficult to taken into account between preparation technology and the final performance of material.
The content of the invention
For the disadvantages described above or Improvement requirement of prior art, the invention provides a kind of hybrid reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material
And preparation method thereof, it is intended that nanoscale is strengthened into particle, the mixing of micron order aluminum or aluminum alloy powder, with reference to dry type high energy
Ball milling and ultrasonic wave added stirring technique, prepare hybrid reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material, and the present invention solves in the past particle reinforced aluminium-based
The existing enhancing distribution of particles problem of non-uniform of composite, its composite material strength and toughness are higher.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of hybrid reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material, base
Body is aluminium or aluminium alloy, and hybrid buildup is mutually nano SiC granule and other nano-ceramic particles, the choosing of other nano-ceramic particles
From Al2O3, TiC and B4C。
Further, the particle diameter of the nano SiC granule and other nano-ceramic particles respectively for 20nm~
100nm。
Further, the nano SiC granule accounts for the 1%~4% of whole hybrid reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material gross mass, institute
State other nano-ceramic particles account for whole hybrid reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material gross mass 1%~6%.
The characteristics of nano SiC granule of the present invention is with other nano particle hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composites：Matrix is aluminium
Or aluminium alloy, hybrid buildup are mutually nano grade Sic particle and other one or more nano-ceramic particles (including Al2O3、TiC、
And B4C etc.).In the composite of the present invention, additional nano SiC granule and other nano particles can suppress crystal grain length
Greatly, refining grain size；And additional enhancing particle is nanoscale, the intensity of material can not only be significantly improved, can also be obtained
Higher toughness.
According to another aspect of the present invention, also provide and a kind of prepare hybrid reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material as described above
Method, it is characterised in that it comprises the following steps：
S1：Nano SiC granule, other nano-ceramic particles and micron order aluminum or aluminum alloy powder are subjected to dispensing, mixing,
Obtain compound,
S2：By the mixed powder cold welding balling-up at a high speed of above-mentioned compound, grade composite particles, grade composite particles grain are prepared
Footpath is 1mm~3mm,
S3：Grade composite particles are pressed into alloy block, the solid density of alloy block is more than 85%,
S5：The alloy block of the composite particles compacting of preheating is added into the melt of fine aluminium or aluminium alloy, preheating temperature is
300 DEG C~600 DEG C, composition metal melt is formed,
S8：Composition metal melt is ultrasonically treated, realizes nano-ceramic particle in metal bath using ultrasonic vibration
In it is dispersed,
S9：By well mixed composition metal melt cast, hybrid reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material is formed.
Further, it also includes step S6 and step S7, wherein, step S6 is followed by performed in execution of step S5,
Step S7 is followed by performed in execution of step S6,
S6：After the alloy block fusing of particle compacting to be composite, composition metal melt temperature is down to 650 °C~700 DEG C,
Composition metal bath surface sprinkles coverture, while under the protection of argon gas, carries out mechanical agitation 5min~20min, stirring speed
Spend for 150r/min~500r/min, then, stand 10min~30min,
S7：After the completion of standing, removing dross is taken off, and is passed through high-purity argon gas into composition metal melt and carries out refinery by de-gassing, essence
After refining terminates, 5min~10min is stood.
Further, it also includes step S4, step S4：Fine aluminium or Al alloy block are melted, adds and dries on melt top layer
Dry coverture, then heat and temperature is risen to 700 DEG C~800 DEG C, then take off removing dross, high-purity argon gas is passed through into melt and is entered
Row refinery by de-gassing, then, 5min~20min is stood, dwell temperature is 660 DEG C~750 DEG C.
Further, in step S2, using high-energy ball milling mode, by compound mixed powder cold welding balling-up at a high speed, ball milling speed
For 400r/min~600r/min.
Further, in step S3, grade composite particles are pressed into diameter 40mm~80mm, high 30mm~50mm
Prealloy block, compacting pressure are 10MPa~30MPa.
Further, in step S8：It is 650 DEG C~720 DEG C to be ultrasonically treated temperature, and ultrasonic power is 500W/l~3000W/
L, ultrasonic time 1min~5min.
Further, in step S9, composition metal melt that will be well mixed by die casting or extrusion casint manufacturing process
Castable, nano particle hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composites are made.
In general, by the contemplated above technical scheme of the present invention compared with prior art, it can obtain down and show
Beneficial effect：
(1) present invention prepares nano SiC granule and other one or more nano particle hybrid enhancing aluminium using additional method
Based composites, grade composite particles are prepared using high-energy ball milling, improve the wetability of enhancing particle and matrix alloy,
And ultrasonic wave added mechanical agitation technique is combined, solve the existing enhancing distribution of particles of conventional particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material not
The problem of uniform.
(2) additional nano SiC, the mass fraction of other nano-ceramic particles and particle size are easily controllable, strengthen phase
Utilization rate is high；Nano SiC and other nano-ceramic particles, produce confounding effect, and particle is combined preferably with matrix, is evenly distributed,
Thus solve the problems, such as that additional single nano particle is difficult and reach better quality fraction, increasing can be improved according to the inventive method
The content of strong particle, significantly improves composite properties.
(3) raw material sources of the inventive method are wide, and cost is low, and additional nano particle hybrid enhancing aluminium prepared by the technique
Based composites, because its hybrid buildup grain diameter is all nanoscale, not only the intensity of material can significantly improve, and can also obtain
Higher toughness, composite prepared by the inventive method can be widely applied to the fields such as Aero-Space, automobile.
(4) the additional SiC for accounting for the Nano grade of gross mass 2% and the Al for the Nano grade for accounting for gross mass 2% are passed through2O3Mix
The mechanical property of REINFORCED Al -7%Si alloy composite materials is as follows：Tensile strength 310MPa, yield strength 220MPa, elongation
5.2%.This composite with high-tensile and while yield strength with preferable elongation at break.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the nano SiC of mass fraction 2% and 2% nanometer of Al of mass fraction in the embodiment of the present invention2O3Hybrid buildup Al-
The Electronic Speculum macrograph of Si alloy substrate composites.
Fig. 2 is the technical process schematic diagram of preparation method of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, it is right below in conjunction with drawings and Examples
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in each embodiment of invention described below
Conflict can is not formed each other to be mutually combined.
The invention provides a kind of hybrid reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material and preparation method thereof, and it proposes a kind of new reinforcement
System, i.e., by nano SiC granule and other nano particle hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composites.The enhancing system can improve single increasing
The limitation of strong body, the complementation and advantage of various enhancing phases are played, produces confounding effect.Single reinforcement is compared simultaneously,
The content of enhancing particle can be improved, significantly improves composite properties.
It uses nano SiC granule as enhancing one of particle, and SiC has high intensity, high rigidity, high abrasion, anti-oxidant, high
Thermal conductivity, low-thermal-expansion rate and not by most of acid-base solutions corrode etc. premium properties, by nano SiC granule be used for prepare Al
Based composites are with a wide range of applications.But additional nano SiC granule problem is：It is difficult to for obtaining better quality fraction
Grain, it is limited to the enhancing effect of matrix alloy.The application overcomes problem above.
The principle of the inventive method is：Nano grade Sic is strengthened into particle, the mixing of micron order aluminum or aluminum alloy powder, by dry
Formula high-energy ball milling prepares grade composite particles, and combines ultrasonic wave added stirring technique, can improve outer plus nano enhancing
Grain be difficult to add metal bath and in solid phase matrix uneven distribution problem.In addition, hybrid buildup can improve single increasing
The limitation of strong body, the complementation and advantage of various enhancing phases can be played, produces confounding effect, while compare single enhancing
Body, the content of enhancing particle can be improved, significantly improves composite properties.Present invention seek to address that nano particle is difficult to
The problem of adding melt and in the melt bad dispersibility, single enhancing phase enhancing effect deficiency.
The characteristics of nano SiC granule of the present invention is with other nano particle hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composites：Matrix is aluminium
Or aluminium alloy, hybrid buildup are mutually nano grade Sic particle and other one or more nano-ceramic particles, nano-ceramic particle bag
Include Al2O3, TiC and B4C etc..In the composite of the present invention, additional nano SiC granule and other nano particles can press down
Combinations grain length is big, refining grain size；And additional enhancing particle is nanoscale, the intensity of material can not only be significantly improved,
Higher toughness can also be obtained.
Fig. 1 is the nano SiC of mass fraction 2% and 2% nanometer of Al of mass fraction in the embodiment of the present invention2O3Hybrid buildup Al-
The Electronic Speculum macrograph of Si alloy substrate composites, as seen from the figure, enhancing even particulate dispersion is in the base.
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of preparation method of the present invention, and as seen from the figure, one kind provided by the invention prepares outer plus nano
The preparation method of grain-mixing strengthened aluminium-base composite material mainly comprises the following steps：
First, by dry type high-energy ball milling, nano grade Sic powder, other nano particles, micron order aluminum or aluminum alloy powder are mixed
Grade composite particles are prepared in conjunction；
Then, using mould and pressure apparatus, grade composite particles are pressed into prefabricated intermediate alloy block；Treat intermediate alloy
Block, which is added in aluminium liquid, to be melted, and applies ultrasonic wave added stirring technique, prepares the additional nano particle hybrid enhancing aluminium of function admirable
Based composites.
Specific step of preparation process is as follows：
(1) nano SiC, other nanometer scale ceramicses are strengthened into particle and micron order aluminum or aluminum alloy powder carries out dispensing, mixing.
The mass fraction as shared by strengthening particle in final composite is that (enhancing particle includes nano SiC and other are received for 2~10% dispensings
Meter level ceramics enhancing particle, in addition to aluminium matrix, additional composition substantially strengthens particle.), wherein, nano SiC accounts for total matter
Amount fraction accounts for 1~4%, and other nano particles account for the 1~6% of total mass fraction.Nano-size Reinforced Particle footpath be 20nm~
100nm, micron order aluminum or aluminum alloy powder footpath are 20 μm~100 μm.
(2) by dry type high energy ball mill, by the mixed powder cold welding balling-up at a high speed of above-mentioned compound, compound of grade is prepared
Grain；Wherein, ball milling speed is 400r/min~600r/min, and the grade composite particles particle diameter of formation is 1mm~3mm.
(3) mould and pressure apparatus are used, grade composite particles are pressed into diameter 40mm~80mm, high 30mm~50mm
Prefabricated intermediate alloy block.Compacting pressure is 10MPa~30MPa, and the solid density of alloy block is more than 85%.
(4) fine aluminium or Al alloy block are added in crucible, melts matrix alloy, the commercially available of drying is added on melt top layer
Coverture, temperature rise to 700~800 DEG C.Removing dross is taken off, and is passed through high-purity argon gas into melt and carries out refinery by de-gassing, it is then, quiet
5min~20min is put, dwell temperature is 660 DEG C~750 DEG C.
(5) after the completion of standing, under the protection of argon gas, the intermediate alloy of the composite particles compacting of preheating is added into melt
Block, preheating temperature are 300 DEG C~600 DEG C, and its addition is accounted for the nanometer of gross mass 2wt.~10wt.% mass fractions by generation
Grain enhancing is mutually controlled by.
(6) the intermediate alloy block fusing of particle compacting to be composite, temperature are down to 650~700 DEG C, sprinkle and cover in bath surface
Lid agent, while under the protection of argon gas, mechanical agitation 5min~20min is carried out, mixing speed is 150r/min~500r/min；
Then, 10min~30min is stood.
(7) after the completion of standing, take off removing dross, and be passed through into melt high-purity argon gas and carry out refinery by de-gassing, stand 5min~
10min。
(8) composition metal melt is ultrasonically treated, realizes nano-ceramic particle in metal bath using ultrasonic vibration
In it is dispersed；It is 650 DEG C~720 DEG C to be ultrasonically treated temperature, and ultrasonic power is 500W/l~3000W/l, ultrasonic time
1min~5min.
(9) Composite Melt is poured into a mould, shaped by die casting or extrusion casint, nano particle hybrid enhancing aluminium base is made
Composite.
In order to further illustrate the inventive method, it is further described with reference to specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The target components and its percentage by weight of the present embodiment composite are：SiC particulate 1%, Al2O3Particle 1%, it is remaining
Measure as aluminium alloy ZL101 (being ZAlSi7Mg).Specifically preparation method is：
(1) SiC, Al by average grain diameter for 20nm2O3Particle and the pure aluminium powder in mass ratio 1 that average grain diameter is 20 μm:1:
23 ratio dispensings.
(2) by dry type high-energy ball milling, powder cold welding balling-up is mixed with 400r/min and prepares SiC, Al2O3Granule content is distinguished
For 4wt% grade composite particles.The grade composite particles particle diameter of formation is 1mm.
(3) mould and pressure apparatus are used, grade composite particles are pressed into diameter 80mm, high 50mm prefabricated middle conjunction
Gold bullion, compacting pressure are 30MPa, and the solid density of alloy block is more than 85%.
(4) fine aluminium or Al alloy block are added in crucible, melts matrix alloy, the commercially available of drying is added on melt top layer
Coverture, temperature rise to 740 DEG C.Removing dross is taken off, and is passed through high-purity argon gas into melt and carries out refinery by de-gassing, then, is stood
15min, dwell temperature are 680 DEG C.
(5) after the completion of standing, under the protection of argon gas, the composite particles intermediate alloy block of preheating is added into melt, in advance
Hot temperature is 300 DEG C, and its addition is by nano SiC, the Al for generating 1wt.% respectively2O3Particulates reinforcements are controlled by.
(6) particle intermediate alloy block fusing to be composite, temperature is down to 650 DEG C, under the protection of argon gas, carries out mechanical agitation
20min, meanwhile, sprinkle coverture, mixing speed 150r/min in bath surface；Then, 10min is stood, dwell temperature is
740℃。
(7) after the completion of standing, removing dross is taken off, and is passed through high-purity argon gas into melt and carries out refinery by de-gassing, stands 5min.
(8) composition metal melt is ultrasonically treated, realizes that nano-ceramic particle is dispersed in metal bath；
It is 670 DEG C, ultrasonic power 500W/l, ultrasonic time 1min to be ultrasonically treated temperature.
(9) by (SiC+Al2O3)/ZL101 compounding flux is poured into mould rapidly, and cooling, solidification extrusion casint are configured to try
Sample or part.
Embodiment 2
The target components and its percentage by weight of the present embodiment composite are：SiC particulate 2%, Al2O3Particle 2%, it is remaining
Measure as aluminium alloy ZL201 (ZAl5CuMn).
(1) it is 40 μm of pure aluminium powder by 1 by SiC, Al2O3 particle and average grain diameter that average grain diameter is 40nm:1:14.7
Ratio dispensing.
(2) by dry type high-energy ball milling, powder cold welding balling-up is mixed with 450r/min and prepares SiC, Al2O3Granule content is distinguished
For 6wt% grade composite particles.The grade composite particles particle diameter of formation is 2mm.
(3) mould and pressure apparatus are used, grade composite particles are pressed into prefabricated intermediate alloy block.Specifically, will milli
Meter level composite particles are pressed into diameter 40mm, high 30mm prefabricated intermediate alloy block, and compacting pressure is 10MPa, the theory of alloy block
Density is more than 85%.
(4) fine aluminium or Al alloy block are added in crucible, melts matrix alloy, treats that matrix alloy melts, in melt table
Layer adds the coverture of drying, and temperature rises to 780 DEG C.Removing dross is taken off, and is passed through high-purity argon gas into melt and carries out refinery by de-gassing,
Then, 20min is stood, dwell temperature is 750 DEG C.
(5) after the completion of standing, under the protection of argon gas, the composite particles intermediate alloy block of preheating is added into melt, in advance
Hot temperature is 500 DEG C, and its addition is by nano SiC, the Al for generating 2wt% respectively2O3Particulates reinforcements are controlled by.
(6) particle intermediate alloy block fusing to be composite, temperature is down to 690 DEG C, under the protection of argon gas, carries out mechanical agitation
10min, meanwhile, sprinkle coverture, mixing speed 300r/min in bath surface；Then, 20min is stood, dwell temperature is
750℃。
(7) after the completion of standing, removing dross is taken off, and is passed through high-purity argon gas into melt and carries out refinery by de-gassing, stands 10min.
(8) composition metal melt is ultrasonically treated, realizes that nano-ceramic particle is dispersed in metal bath；
It is 690 DEG C, ultrasonic power 2000W/l, ultrasonic time 3min to be ultrasonically treated temperature.
(9) by (SiC+Al2O3)/ZL201 compounding flux is poured into mould rapidly, and cooling, solidification extrusion casint are configured to try
Sample or part.
Embodiment 3
The target components and its percentage by weight of the present embodiment composite are：SiC particulate 1%, TiC particles 1%, surplus
For aluminium alloy ZL101 (ZAlSi7Mg).
Specifically preparation method is：
(1) it is 60 μm of pure aluminium powder by 1 by SiC, TiC particle and average grain diameter that average grain diameter is 60nm:1:23 ratios
Dispensing.
(2) by dry type high-energy ball milling, powder cold welding balling-up is mixed with 400r/min prepare SiC, TiC granule content and be respectively
4wt% grade composite particles.The grade composite particles particle diameter of formation is 3mm.
(3) mould and pressure apparatus are used, grade composite particles are pressed into diameter 60mm, high 40mm prefabricated middle conjunction
Gold bullion, compacting pressure are 20MPa, and the solid density of alloy block is more than 85%.
(4) fine aluminium or Al alloy block are added in crucible, melts matrix alloy, the commercially available of drying is added on melt top layer
Coverture, temperature rise to 740 DEG C.Removing dross is taken off, and is passed through high-purity argon gas into melt and carries out refinery by de-gassing, then, is stood
5min, dwell temperature are 740 DEG C.
(5) after the completion of standing, under the protection of argon gas, the composite particles intermediate alloy block of preheating is added into melt, in advance
Hot temperature is 300 DEG C, and its addition is controlled by by nano SiC, the TiC particulates reinforcements for generating 1wt% respectively.
(6) particle intermediate alloy block fusing to be composite, temperature is down to 700 DEG C, under the protection of argon gas, carries out mechanical agitation
5min, meanwhile, sprinkle coverture, mixing speed 150r/min in bath surface；Then, 10min is stood, dwell temperature is
740℃。
(7) after the completion of standing, removing dross is taken off, and is passed through high-purity argon gas into melt and carries out refinery by de-gassing, stands 5min.
(8) composition metal melt is ultrasonically treated, realizes that nano-ceramic particle is dispersed in metal bath；
It is 650 DEG C, ultrasonic power 500W/l, ultrasonic time 1min to be ultrasonically treated temperature.
(9) (SiC+TiC)/ZL101 compounding flux is poured into rapidly in mould, cooling, solidification extrusion casint are configured to try
Sample or part.
Embodiment 4
The target components and its percentage by weight of the present embodiment composite are：SiC particulate 4%, Al2O3Particle 4%, TiC
Particle 2%, surplus are aluminium alloy ZL201 (ZAl5CuMn).
(1) 2219 aluminium coppers for being 80 μm by SiC, Al2O3, TiC particle and average grain diameter that average grain diameter is 80nm
Powder presses 1:1:0.67:14 ratio dispensings.
(2) by dry type high-energy ball milling, powder cold welding balling-up is mixed with 600r/min and prepares SiC, Al2O3, TiC granule contents
Respectively 6wt%, 6wt%, 4wt% grade composite particles.The grade composite particles particle diameter of formation is 1mm~3mm.
(3) mould and pressure apparatus are used, grade composite particles are pressed into prefabricated intermediate alloy block.Specifically, will milli
Meter level composite particles are pressed into diameter 50mm, high 40mm prefabricated intermediate alloy block, and compacting pressure is 30MPa, the theory of alloy block
Density is more than 85%.
(4) fine aluminium or Al alloy block are added in crucible, treats that matrix alloy melts, the covering of drying is added on melt top layer
Agent, temperature rise to 800 DEG C.Removing dross is taken off, and is passed through high-purity argon gas into melt and carries out refinery by de-gassing, then, stands 12min,
Dwell temperature is 660 DEG C.
(5) after the completion of standing, under the protection of argon gas, the composite particles intermediate alloy block of preheating is added into melt, in advance
Hot temperature is 600 DEG C, and its addition is by nano SiC, the Al for generating total amount 10wt%2O3, TiC particulates reinforcements are controlled by.
(6) particle intermediate alloy block fusing to be composite, temperature is down to 700 DEG C, under the protection of argon gas, carries out mechanical agitation
15min, meanwhile, sprinkle coverture, mixing speed 500r/min in bath surface；Then, 30min is stood, dwell temperature is
700℃。
(7) after the completion of standing, removing dross is taken off, and is passed through high-purity argon gas into melt and carries out refinery by de-gassing, stands 10min.
(8) composition metal melt is ultrasonically treated, realizes that nano-ceramic particle is dispersed in metal bath；
It is 700 DEG C to be ultrasonically treated temperature, and ultrasonic power is 3000W/l ultrasonic times 5min.
(9) by (SiC+Al2O3+ TiC)/ZL201 compounding flux poured into mould rapidly, cooling, solidification extrusion casint shaping
For sample or part.
Embodiment 5
The target components and its percentage by weight of the present embodiment composite are：SiC particulate 2%, B4C particles 2%, surplus
For aluminium alloy ZL102 (ZAlSi12).
(1) SiC, B by average grain diameter for 60nm4C particles and the pure aluminium powder that average grain diameter is 60 μm press 1:1:14.7 ratios
Example dispensing.
(2) by dry type high-energy ball milling, powder cold welding balling-up is mixed with 500r/min and prepares SiC, B4C granule contents are respectively
6wt% grade composite particles.The grade composite particles particle diameter of formation is 1mm~3mm.
(3) mould and pressure apparatus are used, grade composite particles are pressed into prefabricated intermediate alloy block.Specifically, will milli
Meter level composite particles are pressed into diameter 60mm, high 40mm prefabricated intermediate alloy block, and compacting pressure is 20MPa, the theory of alloy block
Density is more than 85%.
(4) fine aluminium or Al alloy block are added in crucible, melts matrix alloy, treats that matrix alloy melts, in melt table
Layer adds the coverture of drying, and temperature rises to 700 DEG C.Removing dross is taken off, and is passed through high-purity argon gas into melt and carries out refinery by de-gassing,
Then, quiet 20min, dwell temperature are 750 DEG C.
(5) after the completion of standing, under the protection of argon gas, the composite particles intermediate alloy block of preheating is added into melt, in advance
Hot temperature is 500 DEG C, and its addition is by nano SiC, the B for generating 2wt% respectively4C particulates reinforcements are controlled by.
(6) particle intermediate alloy block fusing to be composite, temperature is down to 690 DEG C, under the protection of argon gas, carries out mechanical agitation
10min, meanwhile, sprinkle coverture, mixing speed 300r/min in bath surface；Then, 20min is stood, dwell temperature is
750℃。
(7) after the completion of standing, removing dross is taken off, and is passed through high-purity argon gas into melt and carries out refinery by de-gassing, stands 8min.
(8) composition metal melt is ultrasonically treated, realizes that nano-ceramic particle is dispersed in metal bath；
It is 720 DEG C, ultrasonic power 2000W/l, ultrasonic time 3min to be ultrasonically treated temperature.
(9) by (SiC+B4C)/ZL102 compounding flux is poured into mould rapidly, and cooling, solidification extrusion casint are configured to try
Sample or part.
Embodiment 6
The target components and its percentage by weight of the present embodiment composite are：SiC particulate 4%, Al2O3Particle 4%, B4C
Particle 2%, surplus are aluminium alloy ZL102 (ZAlSi12).
(1) SiC, Al by average grain diameter for 100nm2O3、B4C particles and the pure aluminium powder that average grain diameter is 100 μm press 1:1:
0.67:14 ratio dispensings.
(2) by dry type high-energy ball milling, powder cold welding balling-up is mixed with 600r/min and prepares SiC, Al2O3、B4C granule contents
Respectively 6wt%, 6wt%, 4wt% grade composite particles.The grade composite particles particle diameter of formation is 1mm~3mm.
(3) mould and pressure apparatus are used, grade composite particles are pressed into prefabricated intermediate alloy block.Specifically, will milli
Meter level composite particles are pressed into diameter 40mm, high 50mm prefabricated intermediate alloy block, and compacting pressure is 20MPa, the theory of alloy block
Density is more than 85%.
(4) fine aluminium or Al alloy block are added in crucible, treats that matrix alloy melts, the covering of drying is added on melt top layer
Agent, temperature rise to 800 DEG C.Removing dross is taken off, and is passed through high-purity argon gas into melt and carries out refinery by de-gassing, then, stands 10min,
Dwell temperature is 700 DEG C.
(5) after the completion of standing, under the protection of argon gas, the composite particles intermediate alloy block of preheating is added into melt, in advance
Hot temperature is 600 DEG C, and its addition is by nano SiC, the Al for generating total amount 10wt%2O3、B4C particulates reinforcements are controlled by.
(6) particle intermediate alloy block fusing to be composite, temperature is down to 700 DEG C, under the protection of argon gas, carries out mechanical agitation
15min, meanwhile, sprinkle coverture, mixing speed 500r/min in bath surface；Then, 30min is stood, dwell temperature is
700℃。
(7) after the completion of standing, removing dross is taken off, and is passed through high-purity argon gas into melt and carries out refinery by de-gassing, stands 10min.
(8) composition metal melt is ultrasonically treated, realizes that nano-ceramic particle is dispersed in metal bath；
It is 700 DEG C to be ultrasonically treated temperature, and ultrasonic power is 3000W/l ultrasonic times 5min.
(9) by (SiC+Al2O3+B4C)/ZL102 compounding flux is poured into mould rapidly, cooling, solidification extrusion casint shaping
For sample or part.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, all any modification, equivalent and improvement made within the spirit and principles of the invention etc., all should be included
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of hybrid reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material, it is characterised in that matrix is aluminium or aluminium alloy, and hybrid buildup is mutually nanometer
SiC particulate and other nano-ceramic particles, other nano-ceramic particles are selected from Al2O3, TiC and B4C。
A kind of 2. hybrid reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the nano SiC granule and
The particle diameter of other nano-ceramic particles is 20nm~100nm.
3. a kind of hybrid reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the nano SiC granule accounts for
The 1%~4% of whole hybrid reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material gross mass, other described nano-ceramic particles account for whole hybrid buildup aluminium
The 1%~6% of based composites gross mass.
A kind of 4. method for preparing the hybrid reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material as described in one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that its
Comprise the following steps：
S1：Nano SiC granule, other nano-ceramic particles and micron order aluminum or aluminum alloy powder are subjected to dispensing, mixing, obtained
Compound,
S2：By the mixed powder cold welding balling-up at a high speed of above-mentioned compound, grade composite particles are prepared, grade composite particles particle diameter is
1mm~3mm,
S3：Grade composite particles are pressed into alloy block, the solid density of alloy block is more than 85%,
S5：The alloy block of the composite particles compacting of preheating is added into the melt of fine aluminium or aluminium alloy, preheating temperature is 300 DEG C
~600 DEG C, composition metal melt is formed,
S8：Composition metal melt is ultrasonically treated, realizes nano-ceramic particle in metal bath using ultrasonic vibration
It is dispersed,
S9：By well mixed composition metal melt cast, hybrid reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material is formed.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that it also includes step S6 and step S7, wherein, performing step
Rapid S5 followed by performs step S6, and step S7 is followed by performed in execution of step S6,
S6：After the alloy block fusing of particle compacting to be composite, composition metal melt temperature is down to 650 DEG C~700 DEG C, compound
Metal bath surface sprinkles coverture, while under the protection of argon gas, carries out mechanical agitation 5min~20min, and mixing speed is
150r/min~500r/min,
Then, 10min~30min is stood,
S7：After the completion of standing, removing dross is taken off, and is passed through high-purity argon gas into composition metal melt and carries out refinery by de-gassing, refining knot
Shu Hou, stand 5min~10min.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that it also includes step S4,
S4：Fine aluminium or Al alloy block are melted, the coverture of drying is added on melt top layer, then heats and temperature is risen to 700
DEG C~800 DEG C, removing dross is then taken off, high-purity argon gas is passed through into melt and carries out refinery by de-gassing, then, stands 5min~20min,
Dwell temperature is 660 DEG C~750 DEG C.
7. method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that in step S2, using high-energy ball milling mode, by compound high speed
Mixed powder cold welding balling-up, ball milling speed is 400r/min~600r/min.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that in step S3, grade composite particles are pressed into diameter
40mm~80mm, high 30mm~50mm prealloy block, compacting pressure are 10MPa~30MPa.
9. method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that in step S8：It is 650 DEG C~720 DEG C to be ultrasonically treated temperature, is surpassed
Acoustical power is 500W/l~3000W/l, ultrasonic time 1min~5min.
10. method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that, will by die casting or extrusion casint manufacturing process in step S9
Well mixed composition metal melt cast shaping, is made nano particle hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composites.
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