CN107453046B - Butler matrix beam forming network with arbitrary phase difference between output ports - Google Patents
Butler matrix beam forming network with arbitrary phase difference between output ports Download PDFInfo
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- CN107453046B CN107453046B CN201710617394.9A CN201710617394A CN107453046B CN 107453046 B CN107453046 B CN 107453046B CN 201710617394 A CN201710617394 A CN 201710617394A CN 107453046 B CN107453046 B CN 107453046B
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a butler matrix beam forming network with any phase difference between output ports, which comprises four input ports, four output ports, four random output phase crossing directional couplers, two crossing directional couplers, four open-ended crossing directional coupling lines and four phase shift lines, wherein the four input ports are connected with the four output ports through a phase difference matrix; the phases of the four output ports are determined by the phases of four arbitrary output phases across the directional coupler and four phase shift lines. The invention realizes the Butler matrix beam forming network with any phase difference between output ports by adopting any output phase to cross the directional coupler, and improves the beam pointing flexibility of the antenna array. The invention combines the cross-crossing directional coupler, the terminal open-circuit crossing directional coupling line and the phase shifting line to realize the butler matrix beam forming network with smaller volume. The invention has the advantages of easy processing and low cost, and is suitable for wide popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of microwave antennas, and particularly relates to a Butler matrix beam forming network with random phase difference between output ports.
Background
The beam forming network functions to provide fixed amplitude and phase for the element antennas in the antenna array to achieve different beam scanning angles. Beam forming array antennas have been rapidly developed in the civilian and military fields. One common implementation of a beam forming network is to use a Butler matrix. The conventional Butler matrix is a symmetric structure, and is composed of directional couplers, a crossover circuit and phase shifters. For example: a4 x 4 butler matrix comprises four input ports and four output ports, and one of the input ports is excited, so that the phase difference between the output ports with equal amplitude and fixed distribution can be obtained. The phase difference of the conventional butler matrix is ± 45 ° and ± 135 °. By connecting a4 x 4 butler matrix to the array antenna, four beams in different directions can be obtained.
However, the conventional Butler matrix can only realize phase differences of ± 45 ° and ± 135 °, resulting in four directions in which the beam directions of the antenna array are fixed. Therefore, there is a need for a Butler matrix beam forming network with arbitrary phase difference between output ports to improve the beam pointing flexibility of the antenna array.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to design a Butler matrix beam forming network which can improve the flexibility of beam pointing of an antenna array and has any phase difference between output ports.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the butler matrix beam forming network with any phase difference among output ports comprises four input ports, four output ports, four random output phases, two cross directional couplers, four open-ended cross directional coupling lines and four phase shift lines;
the four input ports are respectively an input port A, an input port B, an input port C and an input port D, the four output ports are respectively an output port A, an output port B, an output port C and an output port D, the four random output phase crossing directional couplers are respectively a random output phase crossing directional coupler A, a random output phase crossing directional coupler B, a random output phase crossing directional coupler C and a random output phase crossing directional coupler D, the two crossing directional couplers are respectively a crossing directional coupler A and a crossing directional coupler B, the four open-ended crossing directional coupling lines are respectively an open-ended crossing directional coupling line A, an open-ended crossing directional coupling line B, an open-ended crossing directional coupling line C and an open-ended crossing directional coupling line D, and the four phase shift lines are respectively a phase shift line A, a phase shift line B, an open-ended crossing directional coupling line C and an open-ended crossing directional, Phase shift line B, phase shift line C, and phase shift line D;
the input port A and the input port B are respectively connected with a port A and a port B of an arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler A, a port C of the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler A is connected with a port A of a terminal open-circuit crossing directional coupling line A through a phase shift line A, and a port D of the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler A is connected with a port A of a cross crossing directional coupler A; the port B of the open-ended transverse directional coupler A is connected with the port A of the random output phase transverse directional coupler C through a phase shift line B, and the port B of the cross transverse directional coupler A is connected with the port B of the random output phase transverse directional coupler C;
the port C of the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler C is connected with the port A of the open-ended crossing directional coupling line B, and the port D of the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler C is connected with the port A of the cross crossing directional coupler B; the port B of the open-ended transverse directional coupling line B is connected with the output port A, and the port B of the transverse directional coupler B is connected with the output port B;
the structure of the cross-span directional coupler A is symmetrical about a transverse center line; the cross-over directional coupler B and the cross-over directional coupler A are identical in structure;
the structure of the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler C is the same as that of the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler A;
the open-ended transverse directional coupling line B and the open-ended transverse directional coupling line A have the same structure;
the structure of the whole network is symmetrical about a transverse center line;
the phases of the output port a, the output port B, the output port C and the output port D are determined by the phases of an arbitrary output phase crossing the directional coupler a, an arbitrary output phase crossing the directional coupler B, an arbitrary output phase crossing the directional coupler C and an arbitrary output phase crossing the directional coupler D, and the phases of the phase shift line a, the phase shift line B, the phase shift line C and the phase shift line D, and the specific relationship is as follows:
when the input port A is excited, the phase difference between the output port A and the input port A is
The phase difference between the output port B and the input port A is
The phase difference between the output port C and the input port A is
The phase difference between the output port D and the input port A is
When input port B is excited, the phase difference between output port A and input port B is
The phase difference between the output port B and the input port B is
The phase difference between the output port C and the input port B isThe phase difference between the output port D and the input port B is
When the input port C is excited, the phase difference between the output port A and the input port C is
The phase difference between the output port B and the input port C is
The phase difference between the output port C and the input port C is
The phase difference between the output port D and the input port C is
When the input port D is excited, the phase difference between the output port A and the input port D is
The phase difference between the output port B and the input port D is
The phase difference between the output port C and the input port D is
The phase difference between the output port D and the input port D is
Wherein:
representing the phase of any output phase across directional coupler a and any output phase across directional coupler B,
representing the total phase shift of phase shift line a and phase shift line B or the total phase shift of phase shift line C and phase shift line D,
representing the phase of any output phase across directional coupler C and the phase of any output phase across directional coupler D.
Furthermore, the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler a is composed of a parallel coupling line a, a parallel coupling line B, a parallel small circular open-circuit branch a, a parallel small circular open-circuit branch B, a parallel large circular open-circuit branch a, a parallel large circular open-circuit branch B, and cross-over capacitors C1, C2, and C3; the bridging capacitors C1, C2 and C3 are connected in parallel between the parallel coupling line A and the parallel coupling line B; the upper end of the parallel coupling line A is provided with a port A, the lower end of the parallel coupling line A is provided with a port B, the upper end of the parallel coupling line B is provided with a port C, and the lower end of the parallel coupling line B is provided with a port D; the parallel small circular open-circuit branch A and the parallel large circular open-circuit branch A are arranged on one side of the parallel coupling line A, and the parallel small circular open-circuit branch B and the parallel large circular open-circuit branch B are arranged on one side of the parallel coupling line B.
Further, the arbitrary output phase is symmetrical about the longitudinal center line across the structure of the directional coupler a.
Further, the phase difference between the output ports of the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler a, the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler B, the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler C, and the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler D is arbitrarily selected in the range of 0 to-180 °.
Further, the cross-over directional coupler a is composed of a first parallel coupled line, a second parallel coupled line, a third parallel coupled line and a fourth parallel coupled line, a connection line a, a connection line B and cross-over capacitances C13, C14, C15, C16, C17 and C18; the left end and the right end of the first parallel coupling line are respectively provided with a port A and a port B, and the left end and the right end of the fourth parallel coupling line are respectively provided with a port C and a port D; the left ends of the second parallel coupling line and the third parallel coupling line are connected through a connecting line A, and the right ends of the second parallel coupling line and the third parallel coupling line are connected through a connecting line B; the bridging capacitors C13, C14 and C15 are connected in parallel between the first parallel coupling line and the second parallel coupling line, and the bridging capacitors C16, C17 and C18 are connected in parallel between the third parallel coupling line and the fourth parallel coupling line.
Further, the open-ended transverse directional coupling line a is composed of a parallel coupling line C, a parallel coupling line D, six parallel circular open-circuit branches, and cross-over capacitors C25, C26, and C27; the cross-over capacitors C25, C26 and C27 are connected in parallel between a parallel coupling line C and a parallel coupling line D, and a port A and a port B are respectively arranged at two ends of the parallel coupling line C; and three parallel circular open-circuit branches are uniformly arranged on one side of each of the parallel coupling line C and the parallel coupling line D.
Further, the phase difference between the output port and the input port of each of the cross-over directional coupler a and the cross-over directional coupler B is-90 °; and the phase difference between the output port and the input port of each of the open-ended transverse directional coupling line A, the open-ended transverse directional coupling line B, the open-ended transverse directional coupling line C and the open-ended transverse directional coupling line D is-90 degrees.
Further, the arbitrary output phase is the same across the output phases of the directional coupler a and the arbitrary output phase is the same across the output phases of the directional coupler B, and the arbitrary output phase is the same across the output phases of the directional coupler C and the arbitrary output phase across the output phase of the directional coupler D; the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler a or the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler B is different from the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler C or the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler D in output phase.
Further, the capacitance values of the cross-over capacitors are the same.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention realizes the Butler matrix beam forming network with any phase difference between output ports by adopting any output phase to cross the directional coupler, and improves the beam pointing flexibility of the antenna array.
2. The invention combines the cross-crossing directional coupler, the terminal open-circuit crossing directional coupling line and the phase shifting line to realize the butler matrix beam forming network with smaller volume.
3. The invention has the advantages of easy processing and low cost, and is suitable for wide popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler A of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the cross-over directional coupler A of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the open-ended transverse directional coupled line a of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the result of impedance matching between input and output ports according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating the results of various input/output port power transfers in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 7 is a graph of phase results between output ports for different input port excitations according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. input ports a, 2, input ports B, 3, input ports C, 4, input ports D, 5, output ports a, 6, output ports B, 7, output ports C, 8, output ports D, 11, arbitrary output phase crossing directional couplers a, 12, arbitrary output phase crossing directional couplers B, 21, arbitrary output phase crossing directional couplers C, 22, arbitrary output phase crossing directional couplers D, 31, cross crossing directional couplers a, 32, cross crossing directional couplers B, 41, open-ended crossing directional coupling lines a, 42, open-ended crossing directional coupling lines B, 43, open-ended crossing directional coupling lines C, 44, open-ended crossing directional coupling lines D, 111, parallel coupling lines a, 112, parallel coupling lines B, 113, parallel small circular open-circuit branches a, 114, parallel small circular open-circuit branches B, 115. the phase-shift circuit comprises parallel large circular open-circuit branches A and 116, parallel large circular open-circuit branches B and 311, first parallel coupling lines 312, second parallel coupling lines 313, third parallel coupling lines 314, fourth parallel coupling lines 319, connecting lines A and 3110, connecting lines B and 411, parallel coupling lines C and 412, parallel coupling lines D and 413, parallel circular open-circuit branches 511, phase-shift lines A and 512, phase-shift lines B and 513, phase-shift lines C and 514 and phase-shift lines D.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following detailed description. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention. In addition, the term "symmetrical" in the following description is used only for describing the same composition and function by the concept of symmetry, and does not mean that the structural shape itself is the same.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the butler matrix beam forming network with arbitrary phase difference between output ports includes four input ports, four output ports, four arbitrary output phase crossing directional couplers, two crossing directional couplers, four open-ended crossing directional coupling lines, and four phase shift lines;
the four input ports are respectively an input port A1, an input port B2, an input port C3 and an input port D4, the four output ports are respectively an output port A5, an output port B6, an output port C7 and an output port D8, the four arbitrary output phase crossing directional couplers are respectively an arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler A11, an arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler B12, an arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler C21 and an arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler D22, the two crossing directional couplers are respectively a crossing directional coupler A31 and a crossing directional coupler B32, the four open-ended crossing directional coupling lines are respectively an open-ended crossing directional coupling line A41, an open-ended crossing directional coupling line B42, an open-ended crossing directional coupling line C43 and an open-ended crossing directional coupling line D44, and the four phase shift lines are respectively a511, a B2, a B511 and D B2, Phase shift line B512, phase shift line C513, and phase shift line D514;
the input port A1 and the input port B2 are respectively connected with a port A and a port B of an arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler A11, a port C of the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler A11 is connected with a port A of an open-ended crossing directional coupling line A41 through a phase shift line A511, and a port D of the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler A11 is connected with a port A of a cross crossing directional coupler A31; the port B of the open-ended transverse directional coupler A41 is connected with the port A of the arbitrary output phase transverse directional coupler C21 through a phase shift line B512, and the port B of the cross transverse directional coupler A31 is connected with the port B of the arbitrary output phase transverse directional coupler C21;
the arbitrary output phase is connected with port a of open-ended transverse directional coupled line B42 across port C of directional coupler C21, and the arbitrary output phase is connected with port a of cross-over directional coupler B32 across port D of directional coupler C21; the open ended cross directional coupler B42 has port B connected to output port a5 and the cross directional coupler B32 has port B connected to output port B6;
the structure of the cross-span directional coupler a31 is symmetrical about a transverse center line; the cross-over directional coupler B32 and the cross-over directional coupler A31 are identical in structure;
the arbitrary output phase cross directional coupler C21 is structurally identical to the arbitrary output phase cross directional coupler a 11;
the open-ended transverse directional coupling line B42 has the same structure as the open-ended transverse directional coupling line A41;
the structure of the whole network is symmetrical about a transverse center line;
the phases of the output port A5, the output port B6, the output port C7 and the output port D8 are determined by the phases of any output phase crossing the directional coupler a11, any output phase crossing the directional coupler B12, any output phase crossing the directional coupler C21 and any output phase crossing the directional coupler D22 and the phases of the phase shift line a511, the phase shift line B512, the phase shift line C513 and the phase shift line D514, and the specific relations are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Wherein:
representing the phase of any output phase across directional coupler a11 and any output phase across directional coupler B12,
representing the total phase shift of phase shift line a511 and phase shift line B512 or the total phase shift of phase shift line C513 and phase shift line D514,
representing the phase where any output phase crosses directional coupler C21 and any output phase crosses directional coupler D22.
Further, the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler a11 is composed of a parallel coupling line a111, a parallel coupling line B112, a parallel small circular open-circuit branch a113, a parallel small circular open-circuit branch B114, a parallel large circular open-circuit branch a115, a parallel large circular open-circuit branch B116, and cross-over capacitors C1, C2, and C3; the bridging capacitors C1, C2 and C3 are connected in parallel between the parallel coupling line A111 and the parallel coupling line B112; the upper end of the parallel coupling line A111 is provided with a port A, the lower end is provided with a port B, the upper end of the parallel coupling line B112 is provided with a port C, and the lower end is provided with a port D; the parallel small circular open stub a113 and the parallel large circular open stub a115 are provided on one side of the parallel coupling line a111, and the parallel small circular open stub B114 and the parallel large circular open stub B116 are provided on one side of the parallel coupling line B112.
Further, the arbitrary output phase is symmetrical about the longitudinal center line across the structure of the directional coupler a 11.
Further, the phase difference between the output ports of the arbitrary output phase cross directional coupler a11, the arbitrary output phase cross directional coupler B12, the arbitrary output phase cross directional coupler C21 and the arbitrary output phase cross directional coupler D22 is arbitrarily selected in the range of 0 to-180 °.
Further, the cross-over directional coupler a31 is composed of a first parallel coupled line 311, a second parallel coupled line 312, a third parallel coupled line 313, and a fourth parallel coupled line 314, a connection line a319, a connection line B3110, and cross-over capacitances C13, C14, C15, C16, C17, C18; the left end and the right end of the first parallel coupling line 311 are respectively provided with a port A and a port B, and the left end and the right end of the fourth parallel coupling line 314 are respectively provided with a port C and a port D; the left ends of the second parallel coupled line 312 and the third parallel coupled line 313 are connected through a connecting line a319, and the right ends of the second parallel coupled line 312 and the third parallel coupled line 313 are connected through a connecting line B3110; the cross-over capacitances C13, C14 and C15 are connected in parallel between the first parallel coupling line 311 and the second parallel coupling line 312, and the cross-over capacitances C16, C17 and C18 are connected in parallel between the third parallel coupling line 313 and the fourth parallel coupling line 314.
Further, the open-ended cross directional coupling line a41 is composed of a parallel coupling line C411, a parallel coupling line D412, six parallel circular open-circuit branches 413, and cross-over capacitors C25, C26, and C27; the cross-over capacitors C25, C26 and C27 are connected in parallel between the parallel coupling line C411 and the parallel coupling line D412, and a port A and a port B are respectively arranged at two ends of the parallel coupling line C411; the parallel coupling line C411 and the parallel coupling line D412 are respectively and uniformly distributed with three parallel circular open-circuit branches 413.
Further, the output port and the input port of each of the cross-over directional coupler a31 and the cross-over directional coupler B32 are-90 ° out of phase; the phase difference between the output port and the input port of each of the open-ended transverse directional coupling line a41, the open-ended transverse directional coupling line B42, the open-ended transverse directional coupling line C43 and the open-ended transverse directional coupling line D44 is-90 °.
Further, the arbitrary output phase is the same across the output phase of directional coupler a11 and the arbitrary output phase is the same across the output phase of directional coupler B12, the arbitrary output phase is the same across the output phase of directional coupler C21 and the arbitrary output phase is the same across the output phase of directional coupler D22; the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler a11 or the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler B12 is different from the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler C21 or the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler D22.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are described below.
In an embodiment of the present invention, let
The phase differences between the four output ports obtained are-65 °, 115 °, -155 °, 25 °, respectively.
Fig. 5-6 show S-parameters for describing the signal transmission between the ports according to the embodiment of the present invention. Sii refers to the reflection coefficient seen by the i port when all ports are connected to a matched load; sij represents the transmission coefficient from j port to i port when other ports are connected with matched loads.
As shown in FIG. 5, the butler matrix of the example has a center frequency of 2.0 GHz. The return loss of the input port and the output port is larger than 10dB in the frequency range of 1.7GHz to 2.2 GHz. As shown in fig. 6, the transmission coefficients of the input ports and the output ports are-6 dB at the center frequency of 2 GHz.
Fig. 7 shows phase parameters between output ports for describing the phase relationship between the output ports when different input ports are excited, according to an embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen from the figure that the embodiments of the present invention achieve phases of-65 °, 115 °, -155 °, 25 ° at a center frequency of 2 GHz.
The result shows that the present embodiment can realize any phase difference between the output ports, and simultaneously ensure good port impedance matching and signal power transmission.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The butler matrix beam forming network with any phase difference between output ports is characterized in that: the phase-locked loop comprises four input ports, four output ports, four random output phase crossing directional couplers, two crossing directional couplers, four open-ended crossing directional coupling lines and four phase shift lines;
the four input ports are respectively an input port A (1), an input port B (2), an input port C (3) and an input port D (4), the four output ports are respectively an output port A (5), an output port B (6), an output port C (7) and an output port D (8), the four random output phase crossing directional couplers are respectively a random output phase crossing directional coupler A (11), a random output phase crossing directional coupler B (12), a random output phase crossing directional coupler C (21) and a random output phase crossing directional coupler D (22), the two crossing directional couplers are respectively a crossing directional coupler A (31) and a crossing directional coupler B (32), and the four open-end crossing directional coupling lines are respectively open-end crossing directional coupling lines A (41), An open-ended transverse directional coupling line B (42), an open-ended transverse directional coupling line C (43) and an open-ended transverse directional coupling line D (44), wherein the four phase shift lines are a phase shift line A (511), a phase shift line B (512), a phase shift line C (513) and a phase shift line D (514);
the input port A (1) and the input port B (2) are respectively connected with a port A and a port B of an arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler A (11), a port C of the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler A (11) is connected with a port A of an open-ended crossing directional coupling line A (41) through a phase shift line A (511), and a port D of the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler A (11) is connected with a port A of a crossing directional coupler A (31); the port B of the open-ended transverse directional coupler A (41) is connected with the port A of the arbitrary output phase transverse directional coupler C (21) through a phase shift line B (512), and the port B of the cross transverse directional coupler A (31) is connected with the port B of the arbitrary output phase transverse directional coupler C (21);
the arbitrary output phase crossing port C of the directional coupler C (21) is connected to port a of the open-ended crossing directional coupled line B (42), and the arbitrary output phase crossing port D of the directional coupler C (21) is connected to port a of the cross-crossing directional coupler B (32); the port B of the open-ended transverse directional coupling line B (42) is connected with the output port A (5), and the port B of the cross-over directional coupler B (32) is connected with the output port B (6);
the structure of the cross-span directional coupler A (31) is symmetrical about a transverse center line; the cross-over directional coupler B (32) and the cross-over directional coupler A (31) are identical in structure;
the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler C (21) and the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler A (11) are identical in structure;
the open-ended transverse directional coupling line B (42) and the open-ended transverse directional coupling line A (41) have the same structure;
the structure of the whole network is symmetrical about a transverse center line;
the phases of the output port a (5), the output port B (6), the output port C (7) and the output port D (8) are determined by the phases of the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler a (11), the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler B (12), the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler C (21) and the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler D (22) and the phases of the phase shift line a (511), the phase shift line B (512), the phase shift line C (513) and the phase shift line D (514), and the specific relationships are as follows:
when the input port A (1) is excited, the phase difference between the output port A (5) and the input port A (1) is
The phase difference between the output port B (6) and the input port A (1) is
The phase difference between the output port C (7) and the input port A (1) is
The phase difference between the output port D (8) and the input port A (1) is
When the input port B (2) is excited, the phase difference between the output port A (5) and the input port B (2) is
The phase difference between the output port B (6) and the input port B (2) is
The phase difference between the output port C (7) and the input port B (2) is
The phase difference between the output port D (8) and the input port B (2) is
When the input port C (3) is excited, the phase difference between the output port A (5) and the input port C (3) is
Phase between output port B (6) and input port C (3)The difference is
The phase difference between the output port C (7) and the input port C (3) is
The phase difference between the output port D (8) and the input port C (3) is
When the input port D (4) is excited, the phase difference between the output port A (5) and the input port D (4) is
The phase difference between the output port B (6) and the input port D (4) isThe phase difference between the output port C (7) and the input port D (4) is
The phase difference between the output port D (8) and the input port D (4) is
Wherein:
representing the phase of an arbitrary output phase across directional coupler a (11) and the phase of an arbitrary output phase across directional coupler B (12),
representing the total phase shift of phase shift line a (511) and phase shift line B (512) or the total phase shift of phase shift line C (513) and phase shift line D (514),
represents the phase of any output phase across directional coupler C (21) and any output phase across directional coupler D (22);
the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler A (11) is composed of a parallel coupling line A (111), a parallel coupling line B (112), a parallel small circular open-circuit branch A (113), a parallel small circular open-circuit branch B (114), a parallel large circular open-circuit branch A (115), a parallel large circular open-circuit branch B (116) and cross-over capacitors C1, C2 and C3; the bridging capacitors C1, C2 and C3 are connected in parallel between the parallel coupling line A (111) and the parallel coupling line B (112); the upper end of the parallel coupling line A (111) is provided with a port A, the lower end of the parallel coupling line A is provided with a port B, the upper end of the parallel coupling line B (112) is provided with a port C, and the lower end of the parallel coupling line B is provided with a port D; the parallel small round open-circuit branch A (113) and the parallel large round open-circuit branch A (115) are arranged on one side of the parallel coupling line A (111), and the parallel small round open-circuit branch B (114) and the parallel large round open-circuit branch B (116) are arranged on one side of the parallel coupling line B (112);
the cross-over directional coupler A (31) is composed of a first parallel coupling line (311), a second parallel coupling line (312), a third parallel coupling line (313), a fourth parallel coupling line (314), a connecting line A (319), a connecting line B (3110) and cross-over capacitances C13, C14, C15, C16, C17 and C18; the left end and the right end of the first parallel coupling line (311) are respectively provided with a port A and a port B, and the left end and the right end of the fourth parallel coupling line (314) are respectively provided with a port C and a port D; the left ends of the second parallel coupling line (312) and the third parallel coupling line (313) are connected through a connecting line A (319), and the right ends of the second parallel coupling line (312) and the third parallel coupling line (313) are connected through a connecting line B (3110); the bridging capacitors C13, C14 and C15 are connected in parallel between the first parallel coupling line (311) and the second parallel coupling line (312), and the bridging capacitors C16, C17 and C18 are connected in parallel between the third parallel coupling line (313) and the fourth parallel coupling line (314);
the open-ended transverse directional coupling line A (41) is composed of a parallel coupling line C (411), a parallel coupling line D (412), six parallel circular open-circuit branches (413) and cross-over capacitors C25, C26 and C27; the cross-over capacitors C25, C26 and C27 are connected in parallel between a parallel coupling line C (411) and a parallel coupling line D (412), and a port A and a port B are respectively arranged at two ends of the parallel coupling line C (411); and three parallel circular open-circuit branches (413) are respectively arranged at one side of each of the parallel coupling line C (411) and the parallel coupling line D (412).
2. The butler matrix beam forming network of any phase difference between output ports according to claim 1, wherein: the arbitrary output phase is symmetrical about the longitudinal center line across the structure of the directional coupler a (11).
3. The butler matrix beam forming network of any phase difference between output ports according to claim 1, wherein: the phase difference between the output ports of the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler A (11), the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler B (12), the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler C (21) and the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler D (22) is arbitrarily selected within the range of 0 to-180 degrees.
4. The butler matrix beam forming network of any phase difference between output ports according to claim 1, wherein: the phase difference between the output port and the input port of each of the cross-over directional coupler A (31) and the cross-over directional coupler B (32) is-90 degrees; the phase difference between the output port and the input port of each of the open-ended transverse directional coupling line A (41), the open-ended transverse directional coupling line B (42), the open-ended transverse directional coupling line C (43) and the open-ended transverse directional coupling line D (44) is-90 degrees.
5. The butler matrix beam forming network of any phase difference between output ports according to claim 1, wherein: the arbitrary output phase is the same across the output phase of the directional coupler a (11) and the arbitrary output phase is the same across the output phase of the directional coupler B (12), and the arbitrary output phase is the same across the output phase of the directional coupler C (21) and the arbitrary output phase is the same across the output phase of the directional coupler D (22); the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler a (11) or the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler B (12) is different from the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler C (21) or the arbitrary output phase crossing directional coupler D (22).
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