CN107442097B - Photocatalyst for organic synthesis and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Photocatalyst for organic synthesis and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107442097B CN107442097B CN201710739298.1A CN201710739298A CN107442097B CN 107442097 B CN107442097 B CN 107442097B CN 201710739298 A CN201710739298 A CN 201710739298A CN 107442097 B CN107442097 B CN 107442097B
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- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M methyl orange Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M 0.000 description 5
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- 238000001782 photodegradation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- STZCRXQWRGQSJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl]benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 STZCRXQWRGQSJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/02—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/10—Heat treatment in the presence of water, e.g. steam
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photocatalyst for organic synthesis, which is formed by compounding barium titanate nanoparticles and titanium dioxide nanoparticles, wherein the titanium dioxide nanoparticles are loaded on the surfaces of the barium titanate nanoparticles, the mass percentage of the titanium dioxide is 3-15%, and the mass percentage of the barium titanate is 85-97%. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) preparing barium titanate nanoparticles; 2) and compounding the barium titanate nanoparticles and the titanium dioxide. According to the invention, the barium titanate nano-particles and the titanium dioxide nano-particles are compounded to form the composite photocatalyst of the barium titanate nano-particles with the titanium dioxide nano-particles loaded on the surfaces, so that the photocatalytic performance can be obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photocatalysis, and particularly relates to a photocatalyst for organic synthesis and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Organic synthesis provides various functional products for human beings, but a large amount of energy is consumed in a plurality of organic synthesis processes, and a large amount of toxic and harmful substances are continuously discharged into the atmosphere, soil and water, so that the environment is polluted, and serious harm is brought to the health of human beings and the continuous development of the society.
Semiconductor photocatalyst technology was developed by a paper published by Fujishima in Nature in 1972. After this, there are many studies on the semiconductor photocatalytic principle and improvement of photocatalytic performance. Garey discovered that semiconductor catalysts can degrade contaminants, which is a pioneering development that has generated great interest in solving environmental problems. And the semiconductor photocatalysis technology has great application potential in the industries of pharmacy, chemical industry, petroleum, food and the like.
TiO2The photocatalyst is a commonly used photocatalyst, and is widely applied to the fields of air purification, sewage treatment, self-cleaning, biomedical treatment and the like due to the advantages of proper forbidden bandwidth, high photocatalytic activity, stable chemical performance, safety, no toxicity and the like. However, titanium dioxide as a photocatalyst has problems of low quantum efficiency, narrow spectral response range and the like, and the wide application of titanium dioxide is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a photocatalyst for organic synthesis and a preparation method thereof.
The photocatalyst for organic synthesis is prepared by compounding barium titanate nanoparticles and titanium dioxide nanoparticles, wherein the titanium dioxide nanoparticles are loaded on the surfaces of the barium titanate nanoparticles, the mass percentage of the titanium dioxide is 3-15%, and the mass percentage of the barium titanate is 85-97%.
Further, the particle size of the barium titanate particles is 50nm to 1 μm.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the photocatalyst for organic synthesis, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) preparing barium titanate nanoparticles: preparing barium titanate particles by adopting a sol-gel method, mixing barium carbonate and butyl titanate serving as precursors, reacting to form gel, drying, and annealing to obtain barium titanate nanoparticles;
2) barium titanate nanoparticles andcompounding titanium dioxide: weighing barium titanate nano particles prepared in the step 1), dispersing in deionized water, adding a proper amount of surfactant, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 40-60 minutes to obtain dispersion liquid, transferring the dispersion liquid into a constant-temperature water bath at 50-80 ℃, and dropwise adding TiCl with the mass concentration of 25-30% under the action of magnetic stirring3Continuously stirring the solution for 40-100min, cooling the mixture, transferring the obtained mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle lined with polytetrafluoroethylene, wherein the filling degree is 60% -80%, sealing, placing the mixture into a constant temperature box, carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 4-6h at 80-160 ℃, naturally cooling the reaction kettle, separating a precipitate from a product by using a centrifugal machine, washing the precipitate with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for several times, and finally drying the product at 50-70 ℃ to obtain the composite photocatalyst with the nano titanium dioxide loaded on the surface of barium titanate.
Further, the annealing temperature in the step 1) is 700-1100 ℃.
Further, in the step 2, the barium titanate nano particles are dispersed in deionized water according to the mass-to-volume ratio of 1:10-15 g/ml.
Further, in the step 2), the surfactant is one of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) or Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB), wherein the mass concentration of the surfactant solution is 0.05g/mL, and the mass-to-volume ratio of the barium titanate nanoparticles to the surfactant solution is 1:0.2-0.5 g/mL.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a photocatalyst for organic synthesis and a preparation method thereof.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph of ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum of photodegradation methyl orange of the titanium dioxide/barium titanate composite photocatalyst prepared in example 1 as a function of illumination time.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The photocatalyst for organic synthesis is prepared by compounding barium titanate nanoparticles and titanium dioxide nanoparticles, wherein the titanium dioxide nanoparticles are loaded on the surfaces of the barium titanate nanoparticles, the mass percentage of the titanium dioxide is 3-15%, and the mass percentage of the barium titanate is 85-97%.
Wherein the particle diameter of the barium titanate particles is 50nm-1 μm.
The preparation method of the photocatalyst for organic synthesis provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
1) preparing barium titanate nanoparticles: preparing barium titanate particles by adopting a sol-gel method, mixing barium carbonate and butyl titanate serving as precursors, reacting to form gel, drying, and annealing to obtain barium titanate nanoparticles;
2) compounding barium titanate nanoparticles with titanium dioxide: weighing barium titanate nano particles prepared in the step 1), dispersing in deionized water, adding a proper amount of surfactant, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 40-60 minutes to obtain dispersion liquid, transferring the dispersion liquid into a constant-temperature water bath at 50-80 ℃, and dropwise adding TiCl with the mass concentration of 25-30% under the action of magnetic stirring3Continuously stirring the solution for 40-100min, cooling the mixture, transferring the obtained mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle lined with polytetrafluoroethylene, wherein the filling degree is 60% -80%, sealing, placing the mixture into a constant temperature box, carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 4-6h at 80-160 ℃, naturally cooling the reaction kettle, separating a precipitate from a product by using a centrifugal machine, washing the precipitate with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for several times, and finally drying the product at 50-70 ℃ to obtain the composite photocatalyst with the nano titanium dioxide loaded on the surface of barium titanate.
Wherein the annealing treatment temperature in the step 1) is 700-1100 ℃.
Wherein, in the step 2, the barium titanate nano particles are dispersed in deionized water according to the mass-volume ratio of 1:10-15 g/ml. The surfactant is one of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) or Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB), wherein the mass concentration of the surfactant solution is 0.05g/mL, and the mass-volume ratio of the barium titanate nanoparticles to the surfactant solution is 1:0.2-0.5 g/mL.
According to the photocatalyst for organic synthesis and the preparation method thereof provided by the embodiment of the invention, the barium titanate nanoparticles and the titanium dioxide nanoparticles are compounded to form the composite photocatalyst of the barium titanate nanoparticles with the titanium dioxide nanoparticles loaded on the surfaces of the barium titanate nanoparticles, so that the photocatalytic performance can be obviously improved.
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples:
example 1
The photocatalyst for organic synthesis is compounded with nanometer barium titanate particle and nanometer titanium dioxide particle, and the nanometer titanium dioxide particle is loaded on the surface of the nanometer barium titanate particle, with the weight percentage of titanium dioxide in 3-15% and the weight percentage of barium titanate in 85-97%. The preparation process comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparation of barium titanate nanoparticles:
4.925g of barium carbonate is dissolved in acetic acid solution (17ml of acetic acid: 8ml of deionized water), 8.5ml of butyl titanate is dissolved in 25ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, the two are mixed after cooling, the reaction mixture is placed in water bath at 60 ℃ after stirring for 30min to form jelly-like gel, the gel is placed in a drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying to obtain dry gel, the dry gel is ground into fine powder, the fine powder is annealed for 3h at 700 ℃, the temperature is cooled to room temperature, and the barium titanate nano particles are obtained after grinding.
Step 2, compounding barium titanate nanoparticles and titanium dioxide:
weighing 2g of the barium titanate nanoparticles prepared in the step 1, dispersing the barium titanate nanoparticles in 30mL of deionized water, adding 0.4mL of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) solution with the mass concentration of 0.05g/mL, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 40 minutes to obtain a dispersion solution, and then separating the dispersion solutionTransferring the dispersion into a constant temperature water bath at 70 ℃, and dropwise adding different amounts of TiCl with the mass concentration of 30% under the action of magnetic stirring3And continuously stirring the solution for 80min, cooling the mixture, transferring the obtained mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle lined with polytetrafluoroethylene, sealing the high-pressure reaction kettle, placing the mixture into a constant temperature box, carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 6h at 120 ℃, naturally cooling the reaction kettle, separating a precipitate from a product by using a centrifugal machine, alternately cleaning the product for 3 times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying the product for 8h at 70 ℃ to obtain the composite photocatalyst with the nano titanium dioxide loaded on the surface of the barium titanate. In this example, TiCl was added by varying the addition3The amount of the solution was determined to obtain different amounts of the titanium dioxide/barium titanate composite photocatalyst supported by the nano-titania, and specifically, in this example, 0.45g, 0.64g, 1.28g, 2.25g of TiCl with a mass concentration of 30% were added to the dispersion respectively3And (3) respectively recording the prepared titanium dioxide/barium titanate composite photocatalyst as a sample a, a sample b, a sample c and a sample d.
In order to verify the photocatalytic performance of the titanium dioxide/barium titanate composite photocatalyst prepared in the embodiment of the present invention, the titanium dioxide/barium titanate composite photocatalysts with different titanium dioxide loads prepared in the embodiment 1 are adopted to degrade a methyl orange solution, that is, the methyl orange solution is degraded by using the sample a, the sample b, the sample c and the sample d, wherein the concentration of the methyl orange solution is 8 × 10-5And the volume of the mixture is 60ml, the dosage of the used composite photocatalyst is 20mg, a 60W ultraviolet lamp is used as a light source for the photodegradation reaction, 4ml of reaction liquid is extracted by a dropper every 30 minutes and is placed into a centrifugal machine for centrifugation for 20 minutes, and the photodegradation condition of methyl orange is detected by an ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer. In addition, a degradation test of a methyl orange solution was also performed by comparing nano titanium dioxide (denoted as sample O) prepared by a conventional hydrothermal method without being composited with barium titanate.
The degradation performance of the prepared titanium dioxide/barium titanate composite photocatalyst on methyl orange is shown in figure 1, and can be seen from figure 1: after an ultraviolet lamp is turned on for illumination, the titanium dioxide/barium titanate composite photocatalyst shows higher photocatalytic degradation efficiency of methyl orange in photodegradation, the degradation rate of the methyl orange in 3 hours can reach 80%, and compared with the traditional nano titanium dioxide, the photocatalytic performance of the titanium dioxide/barium titanate composite photocatalyst is obviously improved.
Example 2
The photocatalyst for organic synthesis provided in this example was prepared as follows:
step 1, preparation of barium titanate nanoparticles:
4.925g of barium carbonate is dissolved in acetic acid solution (17ml of acetic acid: 8ml of deionized water), 8.5ml of butyl titanate is dissolved in 25ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, the two are mixed after cooling, the reaction mixture is placed in water bath at 60 ℃ after stirring for 30min to form jelly-like gel, the gel is placed in a drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying to obtain dry gel, the dry gel is ground into fine powder, the fine powder is annealed for 3h at 800 ℃, the temperature is cooled to room temperature, and the barium titanate nano particles are obtained after grinding.
Step 2, compounding barium titanate nanoparticles and titanium dioxide:
weighing 2g of the barium titanate nanoparticles prepared in the step 1, dispersing the barium titanate nanoparticles in 30mL of deionized water, adding 0.8mL of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) solution with the mass concentration of 0.05g/mL, ultrasonically dispersing for 60 minutes to obtain dispersion liquid, transferring the dispersion liquid into a constant-temperature water bath at 80 ℃, and dropwise adding 1.5g of TiCl with the mass concentration of 30% under the action of magnetic stirring3And continuously stirring the solution for 100min, cooling the mixture, transferring the obtained mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle lined with polytetrafluoroethylene, sealing the high-pressure reaction kettle, placing the mixture into a constant temperature box, carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 5h at 140 ℃, naturally cooling the reaction kettle, separating a precipitate from a product by using a centrifugal machine, alternately cleaning the product for 3 times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying the product for 9h at 60 ℃ to obtain the composite photocatalyst with the nano titanium dioxide loaded on the surface of the barium titanate.
Example 3
The photocatalyst for organic synthesis provided in this example was prepared as follows:
step 1, preparation of barium titanate nanoparticles:
4.925g of barium carbonate is dissolved in acetic acid solution (17ml of acetic acid: 8ml of deionized water), 8.5ml of butyl titanate is dissolved in 25ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, the two are mixed after cooling, the reaction mixture is placed in water bath at 60 ℃ after stirring for 30min to form jelly-like gel, the gel is placed in a drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying to obtain dry gel, the dry gel is ground into fine powder, the fine powder is annealed at 900 ℃ for 3h, the temperature is cooled to room temperature, and the barium titanate nano particles are obtained after grinding.
Step 2, compounding barium titanate nanoparticles and titanium dioxide:
weighing 2g of the barium titanate nanoparticles prepared in the step 1, dispersing the barium titanate nanoparticles in 30mL of deionized water, adding 1mL of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) solution with the mass concentration of 0.05g/mL, ultrasonically dispersing for 60 minutes to obtain dispersion, transferring the dispersion into a constant-temperature water bath at 60 ℃, and dropwise adding 1.8g of TiCl with the mass concentration of 30% under the action of magnetic stirring3And continuously stirring the solution for 100min, cooling the mixture, transferring the obtained mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle lined with polytetrafluoroethylene, sealing the high-pressure reaction kettle, placing the mixture into a constant temperature box, carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 4h at 150 ℃, naturally cooling the reaction kettle, separating a precipitate from a product by using a centrifugal machine, alternately cleaning the product for 3 times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying the product for 8h at 70 ℃ to obtain the composite photocatalyst with the nano titanium dioxide loaded on the surface of the barium titanate.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (4)
1. The photocatalyst for organic synthesis is characterized by being formed by compounding barium titanate nanoparticles and titanium dioxide nanoparticles, wherein the titanium dioxide nanoparticles are loaded on the surfaces of the barium titanate nanoparticles, the mass percentage of the titanium dioxide is 3-15%, and the mass percentage of the barium titanate is 85-97%;
the preparation method of the photocatalyst for organic synthesis comprises the following steps:
1) preparing barium titanate nanoparticles: preparing barium titanate particles by adopting a sol-gel method, mixing barium carbonate and butyl titanate serving as precursors, reacting to form gel, drying, and annealing to obtain barium titanate nanoparticles, wherein the annealing temperature is 700-1100 ℃;
2) compounding barium titanate nanoparticles with titanium dioxide: weighing barium titanate nano particles prepared in the step 1), dispersing in deionized water, adding a proper amount of surfactant, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 40-60 minutes to obtain dispersion liquid, transferring the dispersion liquid into a constant-temperature water bath at 50-80 ℃, and dropwise adding TiCl with the mass concentration of 25-30% under the action of magnetic stirring3Continuously stirring the solution for 40-100min, cooling the mixture, transferring the obtained mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle lined with polytetrafluoroethylene, wherein the filling degree is 60% -80%, sealing, placing the mixture into a constant temperature box, carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 4-6h at 80-160 ℃, naturally cooling the reaction kettle, separating a precipitate from a product by using a centrifugal machine, washing the precipitate with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for several times, and finally drying the product at 50-70 ℃ to obtain the composite photocatalyst with the nano titanium dioxide loaded on the surface of barium titanate.
2. The photocatalyst for organic synthesis according to claim 1, wherein the barium titanate particles have a particle size of 50nm to 1 μm.
3. The photocatalyst for organic synthesis according to claim 1, wherein in step 2), the barium titanate nanoparticles are dispersed in deionized water at a mass to volume ratio of 1:10-15 g/mL.
4. The photocatalyst for organic synthesis according to claim 1, wherein in step 2), the surfactant is one of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), wherein the mass concentration of the surfactant solution is 0.05g/mL, and wherein the mass-to-volume ratio of the barium titanate nanoparticles to the surfactant solution is 1:0.2-0.5 g/mL.
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