CN107438687A - 农业纤维类纸 - Google Patents
农业纤维类纸 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107438687A CN107438687A CN201680011947.XA CN201680011947A CN107438687A CN 107438687 A CN107438687 A CN 107438687A CN 201680011947 A CN201680011947 A CN 201680011947A CN 107438687 A CN107438687 A CN 107438687A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种适用于层压的层压或专用纸,如装饰纸,其中所述纸具有配料,所述配料中的纤维部分包含1%与100%之间的非木质纸浆。还公开了一种用于制造非木材类纸的方法,所述方法包含形成漂白或未漂白的非木质纸浆的未精制浆液、将所述浆液与化学或矿物添加剂掺合以及将所述浆液传送到造纸机中。
Description
本发明涉及适合于印刷和/或浸渍以供层压和/或涂布用的农业纤维类纸,如草纸,具体地说,层压或专用纸,如装饰纸;和在层压和/或涂布产品中的用途。
层压是制造多层材料的技术,以使得复合材料实现改进的强度、稳定性、隔音性、外观或根据不同材料用途的其它特性。层制品通常通过热量、压力、焊接或胶粘剂而永久性地装配而成。
层制品由单个层或各具有其自身独特功能的多个层组成。基底最通常是颗粒或纤维板,接着是一些吸收性牛皮纸层。末层是覆盖有覆层的装饰纸。层压纸用惰性树脂(通常为三聚氰胺)覆盖,其固化而形成具有纸结构的硬复合物。
层压纸是一种用于层制品,通常用于颗粒或纤维板上的纸,从而提供外观良好的耐久性表面,其通常在室内设计中用作装饰板、地板、门与家具(如书柜、架子、台面以及椅子)以及地板。
装饰纸对于层压纸来说是最关键的,因为其为层制品提供视觉外观。装饰纸传统上由纸浆、颜料以及填充剂构成。纸浆通常衍生自软木木材(如云杉)、再生纸或其它消费后纤维并且由一系列不同纤维切段和混合物掺合而成。随后对纸进行大小设定并且其使用不同涂层来改变纸的防油墨性和防水性。装饰纸的每平方米克重在50-150g/m2范围内。
存在不同类型的装饰纸,如高压和低压层压纸(“HPL”/“LPL”)(也被称作“单色”)、印刷原纸(“PBP(print base paper)”)、平衡纸和预浸纸以及其它纸。
高压层制品(HPL)是原始塑料层制品的直接派生物并且被视为最耐用的装饰表面材料之一。其可伴随特殊性能特性获得,包括耐化学性、耐燃性以及耐磨性。
HPL是通过用酚醛树脂饱和多个牛皮纸层来制造。在压制之前将一层印刷的装饰纸放置在牛皮纸顶部上。在热量和压力(超过1,000 PSI)下将所得夹层熔融在一起。由于酚醛和三聚氰胺树脂为热固性塑料,因此通过将纸片转变成单一、刚性层压薄片的交联方法而使固化处理将树脂转变成塑料。热固形成促成HPL耐用性的强力、不可逆的粘结。
HPL和LPL纸几乎完全出售给层制品商,所述层制品商用三聚氰胺树脂浸渍纸并且随后用高温和高压对其进行层压。HPL纸的重量通常为80-120克,而LPL纸的重量通常为约80克。
PBP主要出售给印刷商,所述印刷商为板件和层压地板制造商印刷装饰纸。印刷商的核心竞争力在于设计方面,亦即制造不同装饰性的印刷装饰材料,如木材、石材或彩色型样方面。PBP的纸重量是70克或更低。
预浸装饰纸出售给印刷商并且通过装饰纸制造商在装饰纸机器中进行浸渍。预浸装饰纸的重量是60克或更低。
在其它加工步骤中,通常通过装饰纸制造商的消费者用如木材、石材或彩色型样的装饰材料印刷装饰纸(超过50%的装饰纸得到印刷)。在其它步骤中,用三聚氰胺树脂浸渍印刷的和未印刷的装饰纸(替代地,预浸纸需要亮漆表面)。浸渍之后,将所得中间产物层压于木材类衬底,如中等密度纤维板(“MDF”)或颗粒板上。预浸装饰纸不进行层压,但胶合于木材类衬底上。
在纸和板制造中使用农田作物纤维或农业残留物代替木质纤维被提倡为更具可持续性。不仅存在足够的秸秆来满足大部分北美图书、杂志、目录册以及复印纸的需要,而且农业类纸是一种确保降低纸制造对原始和濒危森林的压力的方式。另外,一些农业残留物纸浆要比木纸浆耗费更少时间来烹煮,其反过来意指农业类纸使用较少能量、较少水以及较少化学品。另外,由小麦和亚麻秸秆制得的纸浆具有由林木制得的纸浆的生态足迹的一半。
如WO 00/25998中所解释,农业残留物或“秸秆”在复合板的制造中的用途是已知的。这些复合板的最初研发使用了麦秸并且在三十多年前最初在欧洲调配而成。
此类产品的早期研发通常使用麦秸作为填充剂。在制造谷粒秸秆颗粒板中,常规上使用异氰酸酯树脂来使颗粒熔融在一起。二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)树脂技术的出现,例如使得可以使用100%谷粒秸秆颗粒板。
WO 02/081160描述了加工秸秆以获得适用于板材或板件制造,如中等密度纤维板(“MDF”)和颗粒板的纤维的方法,所述方法使用尿素甲醛(UF)和三聚氰胺尿素甲醛(MUF)作为替代性树脂。
因此,已知农业纤维适用于制造层压产品中所使用的板材。然而,板材制造中所使用的树脂和纤维具有允许用树脂进行浸渍的长度和配置的需要意指不可能以装饰目的可接受的足够的清晰度直接印刷于加工表面上。因此,使可印刷的装饰纸粘附到顶表面。
WO 2013/044347提供了一种由非木质纤维源制造纸的方法的实例,所述非木质纤维源具有适用作影印纸、厕纸、棉纸、纸巾、包装纸、箱板、相纸、色纸、商用印刷机级纸(供用于图书及期刊印刷以及出版中)、书写纸、文具纸、纸袋纸以及纸板的面层。
这些纸都需要针对强度和硬度的长纤维内含物、针对排水速率的游离度以及针对印刷表面质量的平滑度、亮度和不透明度。此类质量使得纸不能够吸入并且吸收树脂以进行层压。
由于装饰纸需要可印刷表面并且可印刷装饰纸不可能经树脂浸渍,因此使用典型层压工艺不可能将装饰纸粘附到层压纸。因此,通常使用胶粘剂或高温以及高压将装饰纸粘附到层压纸。随时间推移,胶粘剂干燥,使得装饰纸变得不再粘着。这会产生不美观的制品,其会对层制品行业,尤其在家具领域内造成困扰。
正是基于这一背景设计了本发明。具体来说,已了解存在对适用于树脂浸渍并且具有可印刷表面的非木材类层压、装饰或封装纸的需要。
因此,本发明涵盖用于层压的装饰或层压纸,其中所述纸具有配料,其中纤维部分包含在1%与100%之间的非木质纸浆。
装饰纸、装饰层压纸或层压纸在所属领域中一般被理解为装饰层制品中所使用的纸的顶部薄片。在本发明中,纸是一种需要为可印刷的并且能够吸收各种类型的树脂和其它涂层以使其得到层压所必不可少的回弹性的技术用纸。
混料定义为造纸的纤维与非纤维材料,如填充剂、浆料以及染料在水悬浮液中的混合物。换句话说,混料为备用于造纸机中以制造指定等级的纸的造纸成分(包括纤维素纤维)的混合物。纸浆为混料提供纤维材料并且由纤维性纤维素原料以机械或化学方式制造。
在一个实施例中,混料的纤维部分可包含50%到100%非木质纸浆,优选75%到100%非木质纸浆。
理想地,非木质纸浆衍生自植物材料,尤其在培育下生长的一科或多科短期轮作植物材料的茎秆。植物材料的实例包括谷物秸秆、多年生禾草、芦苇以及竹子。一般来说,木材(包括硬木、软木以及矮林)不包括于这一定义中。
本发明的纸和混料的一个重要优点在于使用非木质纸浆,其固有物理属性可用于降低与常规造纸相关的加工成本而不会对质量造成损害。确切地说,适用属性为未精制的高拉伸强度以及未精制的较低排水速率。以另一种方式表述,混料提供具有针对给定游离度(排水量度)的较高拉伸强度的纸。游离度是纸浆与水混合物在造纸机上释放或保留水的能力。
由于感知质量和操作问题(其中排水是最显著的问题之一),在纸中使用农业纤维或植物材料纸浆在很大程度上得到避免。然而,在装饰覆层和层压纸市场中,必须对木质纸浆进行显著精制以赋予所需特性。举例来说,当将杨木浆精制成具有与麦秸相同的拉伸强度、平滑度以及孔隙度时,杨木浆的游离度要小于小麦的游离度,其意指在造纸工艺中杨木的排水性要比处于那一点下的小麦更受限。未精制植物纤维中所发现的纸浆特性在本发明中加以利用。
植物材料可衍生自来自谷物、豆科植物、糖、竹子、芦苇以及多年生禾草、韧皮植物和/或叶纤维的制造的作物残留物。
合适植物包括但决不限于亚麻、大麻、燕麦(包括水生燕麦)、黑麦、小麦(面包、硬粒小麦(Durum)、通心粉、斯佩耳特小麦、单粒小麦(Einkorn)、二粒小麦(Emmer)、卡姆小麦(Kamut))、大麦、黄麻、洋麻、稻米(野生、加拿大、印地安)、棉花、玉米、玉蜀黍、苜蓿、粟、甘蔗、高粱、黑小麦、薏苡(Job′s Tears)、画眉草属(Eragrostis)、马唐属(Digitaria)、虉草属(Phalaris)、剑麻(Agave sisalana)、蕉麻(Musa textilis)、多年生禾草、多年生植物以及其组合、竹子以及传统上送到填埋场/焚化炉或翻耕到田地下的其它作物残留物。还可使用假谷物,如苋菜、老枪谷(Love-lies-bleeding)、千穗谷(Prince-of-Wales-feather)、面包果(Breadnut)、荞麦、芡欧鼠尾草(chia)、鸡冠花、苍白茎藜伯兰德氏藜(pitseed goosefoot)、奎奴亚藜以及金合欢籽(也被称为相思树种)。
一种植物纤维类型是谷物秸秆,其包含从谷粒作物收集的秸秆并且包括但不限于小麦、燕麦、大麦、稻米以及黑麦。
合适的配料包含甘蔗渣与麦秸纸浆的掺合物。优选地,麦秸纸浆为未精制的。或者或另外,甘蔗渣纸浆为精制的。
在另一实施例中,配料进一步包含粘合剂。粘合剂通常为树脂并且可为合成的、植物类的或生物类的。合适的树脂是选自由以下组成的群组的热固性树脂:三聚氰胺、聚氨基甲酸酯、丙烯酸树脂(包括丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸甲酯以及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂(包括尿素甲醛)、聚酯树脂以及其混合物。
本发明的纸可以用于高压层压(HPL)和连续压力层压(CPL)。HPL工艺的装饰纸需要通过均匀地吸收在中心处的纯三聚氰胺甲醛(MF)树脂完全饱和并且胶合于木材类板上或直接用作压坯板。合适的用途包括工作台、耐水板、针对接待台或实验室的家具、窗台板以及室外包层。
本发明的纸还可用于低压层压(LPL)。此类纸的最常见应用是作为家具、门以及层压地板的装饰表面。
优选地,本发明的层压与装饰纸的每平方米克重为约50-150g/m2。
设想本发明的纸用于对木材类板材或制品的表面进行升级,从而向装饰印刷和树脂饱和提供极佳表面,以便用于生产层压地板、包括装饰板和门的内部和外部架构板,以及家具,如书柜、架子、台面以及椅子。所述纸还可用作用于封装,如用于制造层压纸袋的高档纸。
由纸浆制造纸以“溅湿(slushing)”开始,其使纸浆变成允许纤维分散的含水浆料。随后通过机械精制对纸加以处理。在这一过程期间,纤维簇被刷掉并且切割成较均一的长度,由此进一步增加其表面积并且提高其粘附性。
为了降低孔隙度并且显现与非木质纸浆相等的拉伸强度,必须对木质纸浆进行显著精制,其需要消耗大量电力的另外加工步骤(精制器)。对化学纸浆进行精制或打浆是对纤维进行机械处理和改性,以使得其可形成为具有所需特性的纸或板材。当制备用于高质量纸或纸板的造纸纤维时,其是最重要的单元操作之一。所述方法由对纸浆纤维提供刷拭和压缩作用的一连串条棒组成并且可以小型或实验室规模在PFI研磨机或瓦利打浆机(Valley Beater)中进行。
精制的主要目的在于改进纤维的粘合能力以使得其形成具有良好印刷特性的结实并且光滑的纸张。有时,目的在于针对形成良好纸张减少过长纤维或显现其它纸浆特性,如吸收性、孔隙度、或专门针对既定纸等级的光学特性。
精制后,木质纸浆的排水性接近于非木质纸浆的排水性,有效地消除与非木质纸浆的排水不良相关的任何感知缺陷。
然而,本发明利用非精制的非木质纸浆的排水性,由此提供一种使得使用比与造纸通常相关的方法显著较少的能量的方法。
因此,本发明还涵盖一种用于制造非木质纸的方法,其中所述方法包含形成漂白或未漂白的未精制非木质纸浆的浆液,将所述浆液与化学或矿物添加剂掺合,并且将所述浆液传送到造纸机中。
可能需要将木质纸浆包括在浆液中。在这一情况下,所述方法进一步包含将未精制的非木质纸浆的浆液与精制的木质纸浆的浆液掺合。将精制的非木质纸浆的浆液包括在内也可为有利的。此类掺合物实现待选定的成品纸的特性,如强度和孔隙度。
纳入未精制的非木质纸浆使得能量消耗得到显著节省,以使得使用低于50kWh/ODMT(每烘干公吨的千瓦小时)优化非木质纸浆的浆液应为可能的。
应了解,未精制的非木质纸浆是通过化学制浆方法制造。这是因为机械纸浆需要使用大约1000-2000kWh/ODMT的能量进行精制。
已发现,当将甘蔗渣包括于非木质纸浆中时,甘蔗渣的精制使得能够制造出适用作装饰或层压纸的纸。然而,已发现甘蔗渣所需的精制量仍然显著低于将木质纸浆精制为相同游离度、拉伸强度、表面以及光学特性所需的量。
应了解,精制的木质纸浆的浆液可包含任何木质纸浆。举例来说,已发现使用软木纸浆尤其适用于装饰或层压纸。
应了解,可使用任何非木材源。如上文所述的植物材料和农业纤维的使用仅是一个实例。具体来说,应了解,使用局部和区域性生长的农业纤维和植物材料为优选的,同时根据世界每一区域改变配料的组成。
上浆是涂布纤维并且填充纸的孔隙以赋予其一定程度的防水性或防油墨性的工艺。这可以在精制步骤处通过添加松香、硫酸铝、淀粉或水玻璃来进行。
还在这一步骤处添加填充剂、染料以及其它添加剂以改进纸的强度和质量。填充剂增加不透明度并且产生较好印刷表面。举例来说,所述方法可以进一步包含向浆液中添加灰。
尽管本发明已针对层压和专用纸,如装饰纸作出描述,但应了解,本文所述的纸还可适用作封装纸。尤其合适的实例为供用于高档封装中的涂料纸。封装纸构成封装材料的最大部分,甚至超过玻璃、金属或塑料。其为多用途的、干净的和可挠性的。封装纸的类型包括波纹状纸板、纸袋用牛皮纸、古典棕封装纸以及高档封装用涂布纸。其在商品管理中发挥重要作用:在运输和储存期间保护免受损害、作为信息载体或仅用于图像增强。
本发明现将借助于非限制性实例进行描述。
实例1
在2004年,一项由亚伯达农业研究学会(Alberta Agriculture Researchlnstitute;AARI)赞助的研究探索了精炼工艺期间木质纸浆的特性和非木质化学纸浆的特性。表1显示来自云杉、杨木、桉树以及小麦的未精制纸浆的结果。用于这一研究的小麦纸浆为来源于中国的商用纸浆。
表1
TAPPI-美国纸浆与造纸工业技术协会(Technical Association ofthe Pulpand Paper Industry)
*使用Bendtsen表面粗糙度和透气度测试。
表2显示来自比较云杉、杨木、桉树以及小麦的精制纸浆的相同研究的数据。同样使用Bendtsen表面粗糙度和透气度测试。
表2
分析 | 单位 | 云杉 | 杨木 | 桉树 | 小麦 |
PFI,TAPPI | 转 | 9,138 | 9,019 | 10,000 | 1,000 |
加拿大标准游离度 | mL | 265 | 265 | 265 | 269 |
松厚度 | cc/g | 1.32 | 1.48 | 1.67 | 1.49 |
撕裂指数 | mN.m2/g | 10.3 | 7.1 | 8.1 | 3.3 |
破裂指数 | kPa.m2/g | 8.63 | 2.52 | 2.88 | 3.50 |
拉伸指数 | N.m/g | 105.1 | 47.0 | 50.9 | 65.6 |
伸展度 | % | 4.29 | 3.15 | 3.27 | 2.99 |
拉伸能量吸收值 | J/m2 | 179.7 | 66.3 | 70.4 | 79.5 |
粗糙度* | SCCM | 64 | 77 | 107 | 56 |
透气度* | SCCM | 34 | 202 | 685 | 29 |
*使用Bendtsen表面粗糙度和透气度测试。
数据显示,为实现相同游离度,小麦配料需要的精制能量要比木材类配料要少得多。另外,小麦配料的撕裂强度要比木材配料低,但小麦配料的拉伸、破裂以及拉伸能量吸收(TEA)特性要优于精制硬木(桉树、杨木)。
实例2
这一实验的目的在于对未精制小麦和未精制以及随精制程度而变化的精制甘蔗渣的特性进行比较。根据标准TAPPI测试方法在实验室“PFI研磨机”中精制甘蔗渣纸浆。
应理解,这一研究所提供的麦秸纸浆要比AARI研究中所使用的纸浆差。在这一实例中,甘蔗渣纸浆为未精制的或以100或5500 PFI转数进行精制。麦秸为未精制的。
分析所得纸并且结果阐述在表3中。
表3
*使用Sheffield平滑度和孔隙度(0.75″孔口)测试。
ISO是指通过国际标准化组织(lnternational Standards Organisation)公开的用于测试亮度的标准方法。
实例3
实例2中的非木质纤维纸浆的分析用于告知形成非木质纤维的两种掺合物。
具体来说,实验使得由纯的未精制小麦制得的纸与以100 PFI转数精制的纯甘蔗和未精制小麦与以100 PFI转数精制的甘蔗的掺合物进行对比。
所得纸的分析阐述在表4中。
表4
*以100 PFI转数精制甘蔗渣纸浆。麦秸纸浆为未精制的
使用Sheffield平滑度和孔隙度(0.75″孔口)测试。
甘蔗渣明显增加松厚度、撕裂强度、拉伸能量吸收值、粗糙度以及孔隙度。
基于强度和孔隙度,70%甘蔗渣与30%麦秸的掺合物用于进一步实验。
实例4
这一实验说明向70%精制甘蔗渣纸浆与30%未精制麦秸纸浆的掺合物中添加北方漂白软木牛皮纸(Northern bleached softwood kraft;NBSK)纸浆(60%-70%松木、25%-33%云杉以及5%冷杉)对掺合纸张的所得厚度(calliper/thickness)、平滑度以及孔隙度的影响。由于NBSK的高纤维长度和低纤维粗糙度,NBSK为造纸工业中用于增加纸张强度的最常使用的纸浆之一。
在添加到麦秸/甘蔗渣掺合物中之前以1000 PFI转数精制NBSK纸浆。如同实例3,麦秸纸浆为未精制的并且以100 PFI转数精制甘蔗渣纸浆。
所得纸张的分析阐述在表5中。
表5
*以100 PFI转数精制甘蔗渣纸浆。麦秸纸浆为未精制的。
使用Sheffield平滑度和孔隙度(0.75″孔口)测试。
数据显示相较于硬木和非木材,精制软木在造纸中的作用(优良的撕裂、拉伸、破裂、拉伸能量吸收值)。
应了解,可提供其它非木质纸浆以补偿软木作为尤其撕裂强度的强化物的用途。来自竹子、棉花以及韧皮纤维作物(如亚麻和大麻)的纸浆的撕裂强度为明确已知的。
实例5
在这一实验中,将沉淀碳酸钙(PCC)添加到含有10%精制NBSK的实例4的掺合物中。添加PCC(NR2,索尔维化学(Solvay Chemicals))作为矿物填充剂以增加亮度和不透明度。
表6阐述所得纸张的分析。
表6
*1000转数下的10%精制NBSK+90%[70%甘蔗渣(以100 PFI转数精制)/30%麦秸苏打蒽醌纸浆(未精制)]
9300转数下的10%精制NBSK+90%[70%甘蔗渣(以100 PFI转数精制)/30%麦秸苏打蒽醌纸浆(未精制)]
使用Sheffield平滑度和孔隙度(0.75″孔口)测试。
如可见,孔隙度显著增加并且表明通过另外精制配料的甘蔗渣部分,拉伸强度可有所增加。
应了解,可改变参数和掺合物以制造具有特定特性的纸。举例来说,利用甘蔗渣的另外精制,通过添加20%显著精制的NBSK并且提供较好的小麦纸浆,破裂、拉伸、伸展及拉伸能量吸收特性可全部得到改进。
湿端上浆和保留化学性质(retention chemistry)的进一步优化以及纸张的软压延将改进这些特性。这一优化类型最好在造纸机上进行,其中可能要考虑造纸机白水再循环的影响。
Claims (18)
1.一种供层压用的装饰或层压纸,其中所述纸具有配料,所述配料中的纤维部分包含1%与100%之间的非木质纸浆。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装饰或层压纸,其中所述配料中的所述纤维部分包含50%到100%的非木质纸浆。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装饰或层压纸,其中所述配料中的所述纤维部分包含75%到100%的非木质纸浆。
4.根据权利要求1到3中任一项所述的装饰或层压纸,其中所述非木质纸浆衍生自一科或多科植物材料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的装饰或层压纸,其中所述植物材料衍生自来自谷物、豆科植物、糖、竹子、芦苇以及多年生禾草、韧皮植物和/或叶纤维生产中的作物残留物。
6.根据权利要求4或权利要求5所述的装饰或层压纸,其中所述植物材料选自亚麻、大麻、燕麦、黑麦、小麦、大麦、黄麻、洋麻、稻米、棉花、玉米、玉蜀黍、苜蓿、粟、甘蔗、高粱、黑小麦、竹子、薏苡(Job′s Tears)、画眉草属(Eragrostis)、马唐属(Digitaria)、虉草属(Phalaris)、剑麻(Agave sisalana)、蕉麻(Musa textilis)、多年生禾草、多年生植物、假谷物以及其组合。
7.根据权利要求1到6中任一项所述的装饰或层压纸,其中所述非木质纸浆衍生自来自谷物、豆科植物、糖以及其组合生产中的纤维作物残留物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的装饰或层压纸,其中所述谷物选自:小麦、燕麦、大麦、稻米、黑小麦、黑麦以及其组合。
9.根据权利要求1到8中任一项所述的装饰或层压纸,其中所述配料进一步包含粘合剂,所述粘合剂是合成的、植物类或生物类树脂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的装饰或层压纸,其中所述树脂是选自由以下组成的群组的热固性树脂:三聚氰胺、聚氨基甲酸酯、丙烯酸类树脂、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、聚酯树脂以及其混合物。
11.一种用于制造非木材类纸的方法,其中所述方法包含形成未精制的漂白或未漂白的非木质纸浆的浆液、将所述浆液与化学或矿物添加剂掺合以及将所述浆液传送到造纸机中。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述方法进一步包含将未精制的非木质纸浆的所述浆液与精制的木质纸浆的浆液掺合。
13.根据权利要求11或权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述方法进一步包含将未精制的非木质纸浆的所述浆液与精制的非木质纸浆的浆液掺合。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中使用低于50kWh/ODMT对精制的非木质纸浆的所述浆液进行精制。
15.根据权利要求13或权利要求14所述的方法,其中精制的非木质的所述浆液包含甘蔗渣。
16.根据权利要求12到15中任一项所述的方法,其中精制的木质纸浆的所述浆液包含软木纸浆。
17.根据权利要求11到16中任一项所述的方法,其中所述方法进一步包含添加矿物填充剂,如灰。
18.一种大体上如本文所述的装饰纸。
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