CN107437636B - A kind of high-temperature molten salt battery - Google Patents

A kind of high-temperature molten salt battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107437636B
CN107437636B CN201610361790.5A CN201610361790A CN107437636B CN 107437636 B CN107437636 B CN 107437636B CN 201610361790 A CN201610361790 A CN 201610361790A CN 107437636 B CN107437636 B CN 107437636B
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solid electrolyte
temperature molten
battery
molten salt
fused salt
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CN107437636A (en
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彭程
肖国萍
关成志
王建强
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Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics of CAS
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Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics of CAS
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/36Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
    • H01M10/39Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
    • H01M10/399Cells with molten salts
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0085Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of high-temperature molten salt batteries comprising anode, cathode, fused salt and solid electrolyte, the anode are isolated with the fused salt by the solid electrolyte, and the cathode is set in the fused salt, and the high-temperature molten salt battery is closed system;Wherein, the fused salt is the fused salt that can transmit oxonium ion, and the solid electrolyte is the solid electrolyte of oxygen ion conduction type.The present invention efficiently avoid high-temperature molten salt battery using when the short circuit that is susceptible to and breaking phenomena, the structure of battery is compacter simultaneously, the current density when cycle charge-discharge of battery greatly improved, can fast charging and discharging and without super-charge super-discharge electricity and self-discharge phenomenon, and have many advantages, such as that high capacity, efficient, stable cycle performance, safe, clean environment firendly, service life are long.

Description

A kind of high-temperature molten salt battery
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high-temperature molten salt batteries.
Background technology
Extensive energy storage is the key technology of modern power systems development, and the battery energy storage technology for developing high efficiency low cost can be with Fundamentally solve the instability problem of renewable energy power generation.In addition, development with large capacity, high current density it is quick The battery technology of charge and discharge can solve the problems, such as current electric powered motor.Molten salt battery is a kind of electric using high-temperature molten salt realization Pond energy storage technology, charging and discharging currents intensity are much higher by room temperature battery energy storage technology, are stored up particularly suitable for large scale electric network Energy and the electrical source of power as electric vehicle use.
Recently, George Washington University of the U.S. develops a kind of high-temperature molten salt battery, which has using air as raw material At low cost, the advantages that capacity is big, theoretical stored energy capacitance are far longer than lithium ion battery.But since high-temperature molten salt has flowing Property, it is easy to cause fluctuation or spillover because of vibration in use, and high-temperature molten salt is only leaned on to be isolated between the battery plus-negative plate, Therefore the positive and negative interpolar for being easy to happen battery be in direct contact or electrode and high-temperature molten salt between poor contact phenomena such as, cause battery short circuit Or open circuit, and then cause the danger such as battery overheat, service life reduction, failure even generation explosion, it is serious security risk;Its Secondary, which uses open by design, because liquid high-temperature molten salt has volatility, for a long time brushing in high-temperature gas It is lower to there is loss, it can also influence the service life of battery;Therefore, this kind of high-temperature molten salt battery needs additionally to use metal or ceramics Material manufacture battery case accommodates the positive and negative anodes of high-temperature molten salt and battery, but the measure can not fundamentally solve high-temperature molten salt Every problem causes the volume of battery and quality to increase, is unfavorable for the structure optimization of battery instead;Disadvantages mentioned above greatly limits Practical prospect of the high-temperature molten salt battery as large scale electric network energy-storage battery and electric automobile power battery.
Invention content
The present invention is to solve prior art high-temperature molten salt battery is easy to cause positive and negative anodes because of vibration in use Contact short circuit or the problem of open circuit, provide it is a kind of can be used for large scale electric network energy storage and electric automobile power battery based on solid The high-temperature molten salt battery of body electrolyte.
The present inventor attempts to solve above-mentioned technical problem, but does not find good settling mode in addition for a long time, until It has been surprisingly found that the solid electrolyte application of oxygen ion conduction type in high-temperature molten salt battery, is solved finally in conjunction with related art method The technical problem.However, before making the present invention, based on the conventional understanding for solid electrolyte class material in this field, it is one The engineering ceramic material that class is had excellent performance is commonly used for solid oxide fuel wherein for example zirconium oxide has higher mechanical strength It is used as solid membrane and catalyst support material in battery, because the interface for participating in reaction is only limitted to solid electrolyte sheet Face, response area is limited, only plays the role of physically-isolated;It can be seen that present inventors have unexpectedly found that by specific solid electrolyte application There is larger Practical significance for the performance for improving existing high-temperature molten salt battery in high-temperature molten salt battery.
The present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem by following technical proposals:
The present invention provides a kind of high-temperature molten salt battery comprising anode, cathode, fused salt and solid electrolyte, the anode It is isolated by the solid electrolyte with the fused salt, and the cathode is set in the fused salt, the high-temperature molten salt battery For closed system;Wherein, the fused salt is the fused salt that can transmit oxonium ion, and the solid electrolyte is oxygen ion conduction type Solid electrolyte.
In the present invention, the anode just extremely described in the routine of this field, material is generally metal or metal oxide, Metal in the metal and " metal oxide " refers to generate the metal of oxide;Preferably, the anode For silver oxide or platinum.
In the present invention, the cathode is the cathode described in the routine of this field, and material generally can as electrode material The material of oxonium ion, preferably iron or nickel is prepared.
In the present invention, the fused salt that can transmit oxonium ion is described in the routine of this field, preferably alkaline-earth metal The oxide of carbonate, the carbonate of transition metal and transition metal;More preferably, the fused salt includes for lithium carbonate, lithia And iron oxide, wherein the content of the lithia is 0~9%, and the content of the iron oxide is 24~30%, the lithium carbonate Content be 67%-70%, the percentage is that each ingredient accounts for the mass percent of fused salt total amount.
In the present invention, the temperature of the fused salt is operating temperature of the fused salt of this field routine in high-temperature molten salt battery, Preferably 800-1000 DEG C.
In the present invention, the solid electrolyte of the oxygen ion conduction type is preferably to contain oxidation described in the routine of this field The zirconium oxide of yttrium, wherein the content of the yttrium oxide is 0~10mol%.
In the present invention, the high-temperature molten salt battery is preferably tubular structure or plank frame, and battery structure is made more to step up It gathers, the mass energy density and volume energy density of battery can be improved;
Wherein, the tubular structure is:The solid electrolyte is the closed tube-shaped solid electrolyte matter in one end, the anode Outer wall coated on the tube-shaped solid electrolyte matter, the fused salt are placed in the tube-shaped solid electrolyte matter, and the cathode is placed in Inside the fused salt, the opening of the tube-shaped solid electrolyte matter seals;
Wherein, the plank frame is:The anode, which is coated on, is oppositely arranged two outside of two panels plate type solid electrolyte, institute It states fused salt to be set between plate type solid electrolyte described in two panels, the cathode is placed in inside the fused salt, board-like described in two panels Solid electrolyte seals.
The sealing is sealed according to this field usual manner, is preferably sealed by high-temperature seal adhesive, such as AREMCO Ceramabond 552-VFG type high-temperature seal adhesives.
On the basis of common knowledge of the art, above-mentioned each optimum condition can be combined arbitrarily to get each preferable reality of the present invention Example.
The positive effect of the present invention is that:The present invention increases solid electrolyte material in high-temperature molten salt battery, The short circuit between battery plus-negative plate and breaking phenomena are efficiently avoided, battery case use is can simultaneously serve as, makes the knot of battery Structure is compacter, and the current density when cycle charge-discharge of battery greatly improved, can fast charging and discharging and without super-charge super-discharge electricity And self-discharge phenomenon, and with capacity, high, efficient, stable cycle performance, safe, clean environment firendly, service life are long The advantages that.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the high-temperature molten salt battery structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the high-temperature molten salt battery charging and discharging curve synoptic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 3 is the high-temperature molten salt battery structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 2 and 3.
Fig. 4 is the high-temperature molten salt battery charging and discharging curve synoptic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 5 is the high-temperature molten salt battery charging and discharging curve synoptic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Specific implementation mode
It is further illustrated the present invention below by the mode of embodiment, but does not therefore limit the present invention to the reality It applies among a range.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, wherein number 1 is silver oxide electrode;2 be filamentary silver;3 be iron electrode;4 be high-temperature seal adhesive;5 are YSZ (i.e. the zirconium oxide of stabilized with yttrium oxide, Yttria-stabilized Zirconia) is managed;6 be fused salt.
Silver slurry is applied to the outside of the YSZ pipes containing 8% yttrium oxide sealed at one end, and in the inside of YSZ pipes The mixture of 6.7 grams of lithium carbonates, 0.9 gram of lithia and 2.4 grams of iron oxide is added as fused salt, by a diameter of 3 millimeters of iron wire It is inserted among above-mentioned fused salt mixt, seals YSZ nozzles with AREMCO Ceramabond 552-VFG type high-temperature seal adhesives, then use Filamentary silver is respectively welded at as conducting wire on silver oxide electrode and iron electrode, and the other end accesses electrochemical workstation.It will entirely do again Good tubular cells are put into constant temperature in 800 DEG C of electric furnace, and charge-discharge test is carried out after fused salt thawing.When test, the U.S. is used The working electrode of 4200 type cell testers of Maccor is connected with the positive and negative anodes of battery respectively, and the setting density of charging current is 1A/ cm2, charging time 2min, final discharging voltage 0.5V obtain the charging and discharging curve of battery.
Fig. 2 is the battery charging and discharging curve of embodiment 1, charging current 1A/cm2, charging voltage is about 1.2V, is put Electric final voltage is about 0.5V, and battery efficiency is more than 50%, and cycle charge-discharge number is more than 1000 times.
Embodiment 2
As shown in figure 3, wherein number 1 is platinum electrode;2 be platinum filament;3 be nickel electrode;4 be high-temperature seal adhesive;5 be solid electricity Xie Zhi;6 be fused salt.
In the present embodiment, the solid electrolyte uses zirconium oxide piece;Platinum slurry is coated in the outside of zirconium oxide piece respectively, And in the mixture of the inside of zirconium oxide piece 7 grams of lithium carbonates of addition and 3 grams of iron oxide as fused salt, by a diameter of 3 millimeters of nickel Silk is inserted among above-mentioned fused salt mixt, and zirconium oxide piece is sealed with AREMCO Ceramabond 552-VFG type high-temperature seal adhesives Surrounding, then platinum filament is used to be respectively welded on silver oxide electrode and nickel electrode as conducting wire, the other end accesses electrochemical workstation.Again Entire ready-made battery is put into constant temperature in 900 DEG C of electric furnace, charge-discharge test is carried out after fused salt thawing.When test, use The working electrode of 4200 type cell testers of U.S. Maccor is connected with the positive and negative anodes of battery respectively, and the density of charging current is arranged For 2A/cm2, charging time 2min, final discharging voltage 0.8V obtain the charging and discharging curve of battery.
Fig. 4 is the battery charging and discharging curve of embodiment 2, charging current 2A/cm2, charging voltage is about 2V, electric discharge Final voltage is about 0.8V, and battery efficiency is more than 60%, and cycle charge-discharge number is more than 2000 times.
Embodiment 3
As shown in figure 3, wherein number 1 is platinum electrode;2 be platinum filament;3 be nickel electrode;4 be high-temperature seal adhesive;5 be solid electricity Xie Zhi;6 be fused salt.
In the present embodiment, the solid electrolyte uses the zirconium oxide piece containing 10% yttrium oxide;Platinum slurry is applied respectively 7 grams of carbon are added in the outside of the zirconium oxide piece containing 10% yttrium oxide, and in the inside of the zirconium oxide piece containing 10% yttrium oxide The mixture of sour lithium, 0.3 gram of lithia and 2.7 grams of iron oxide is inserted into above-mentioned mixing as fused salt, by a diameter of 3 millimeters of nickel wire Among fused salt, the zirconium oxide piece containing 10% yttrium oxide is sealed with AREMCO Ceramabond 552-VFG type high-temperature seal adhesives Surrounding, then platinum filament is used to be respectively welded on silver oxide electrode and nickel electrode as conducting wire, the other end accesses electrochemical workstation. Entire ready-made battery is put into constant temperature in 1000 DEG C of electric furnace again, charge-discharge test is carried out after fused salt thawing.When test, make It is connected respectively with the positive and negative anodes of battery with the working electrode of 4200 type cell testers of U.S. Maccor, setting charging current is close Degree is 2A/cm2, charging time 2min, final discharging voltage 0.8V obtain the charging and discharging curve of battery.
Fig. 5 is the battery charging and discharging curve of embodiment 3, charging current 0.5A/cm2, charging voltage is about 1.9V, Final discharging voltage is about 0.3V, and battery efficiency is more than 60%, and cycle charge-discharge number is more than 2000 times.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of high-temperature molten salt battery, which is characterized in that it includes anode, cathode, fused salt and solid electrolyte, the anode with The fused salt is isolated by the solid electrolyte, and the cathode is set in the fused salt, and the high-temperature molten salt battery is envelope Closure system;Wherein, the fused salt is the fused salt that can transmit oxonium ion, and the solid electrolyte is the solid of oxygen ion conduction type Electrolyte.
2. high-temperature molten salt battery as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the just extremely silver oxide or platinum.
3. high-temperature molten salt battery as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the cathode is iron or nickel.
4. high-temperature molten salt battery as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the fused salt includes lithium carbonate, lithia and oxygen Change iron, wherein the content of the lithia is more than 0, is less than or equal to 9%, and the content of the iron oxide is 24~30%, described The content of lithium carbonate is 67%-70%, and the percentage is the mass percent for the total amount that each ingredient accounts for the fused salt.
5. high-temperature molten salt battery as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that 800-1000 DEG C of the temperature of the fused salt.
6. high-temperature molten salt battery as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the solid electrolyte is the oxidation containing yttrium oxide Zirconium, wherein the content of the yttrium oxide is more than 0, less than or equal to 10mol%.
7. high-temperature molten salt battery as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the high-temperature molten salt battery is tubular structure, institute Stating tubular structure is:The solid electrolyte is the closed tube-shaped solid electrolyte matter in one end, and the anode is coated on the tubulose The outer wall of solid electrolyte, the fused salt are placed in the tube-shaped solid electrolyte matter, and the cathode is placed in inside the fused salt, institute State the opening sealing of tube-shaped solid electrolyte matter.
8. high-temperature molten salt battery as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the high-temperature molten salt battery is plank frame, institute Stating plank frame is:The anode is coated on two outsides of the two panels plate type solid electrolyte being oppositely arranged, the fused salt setting Between the plate type solid electrolyte described in two panels, the cathode is placed in inside the fused salt, plate type solid electrolyte described in two panels Sealing.
9. high-temperature molten salt battery as claimed in claim 7 or 8, which is characterized in that the mode of the sealing is elevated-temperature seal Glue seals.
CN201610361790.5A 2016-05-26 2016-05-26 A kind of high-temperature molten salt battery Active CN107437636B (en)

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EP3394918A1 (en) 2015-12-21 2018-10-31 Johnson IP Holding, LLC Solid-state batteries, separators, electrodes, and methods of fabrication
US10218044B2 (en) 2016-01-22 2019-02-26 Johnson Ip Holding, Llc Johnson lithium oxygen electrochemical engine
CN109167080B (en) * 2018-09-12 2022-06-14 哈尔滨工业大学(威海) High-voltage lithium thermal battery
CN109103516B (en) * 2018-09-12 2020-04-07 上海宝冶工程技术有限公司 Battery device with high insulating property
CN109326834B (en) * 2018-09-27 2020-11-13 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 High-temperature molten salt battery
CN111653836B (en) * 2020-06-18 2021-08-13 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 High-temperature molten salt battery with functional layer and preparation method thereof
CN111653835A (en) * 2020-06-18 2020-09-11 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 High-power high-temperature molten salt battery
CN112952216B (en) * 2021-02-19 2022-06-07 南京大学 Oxygen ion conduction type metal-metal oxide molten salt secondary battery and preparation method thereof
CN114361533B (en) * 2022-01-10 2024-01-30 华北科技学院(中国煤矿安全技术培训中心) Test method of carbon fuel cell system with three-electrode structure

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CN102361092A (en) * 2011-10-10 2012-02-22 哈尔滨工程大学 Molten carbonate electrolyte containing variant valence metallic oxide and application thereof in carbon fuel cell
CN205264808U (en) * 2015-12-16 2016-05-25 西安科技大学 Solid oxide fuel cell is used in laboratory

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