CN107433258B - Ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor - Google Patents
Ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor Download PDFInfo
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- CN107433258B CN107433258B CN201710683942.8A CN201710683942A CN107433258B CN 107433258 B CN107433258 B CN 107433258B CN 201710683942 A CN201710683942 A CN 201710683942A CN 107433258 B CN107433258 B CN 107433258B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/04—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with electromagnetism
- B06B1/045—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with electromagnetism using vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
Abstract
Ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor belongs to testing machine technical field, it is therefore intended that invents a kind of high frequency loading device compared with big load, extends the application range of linear motor, improves Study of Cyclic Loading test level.Power of the present invention with ironless linear motors technology as equipment inputs, and by the structures and methods of invention, realizes and applies high-frequency, the target of big load to workpiece, realizes the objective of energy conservation, efficient operation.Servo-drive and control ability sufficiently powerful with linear motor solves the problems, such as that linear motor pushing force is small and is realized to test specimen application with smaller power compared with big load.The present invention includes that power input portion, bearing and targeting part, elastic element part, self-locking device and displacement and effect force detection sensor are fixedly connected after they are by certain rule connection with a pedestal；Pedestal can be the component of any fixation, and basic demand is that rigidity than other parts is higher by an order of magnitude.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to testing machine technical fields, and in particular to a kind of ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor.
Background technique
The Study of Cyclic Loading fatigue test of workpiece is the important content of workpiece mechanical property examination, is to guarantee product quality and skill
The necessary condition of art reliability.Loading efficiency is improved, test period is shortened, reduces experimentation cost, it is related for improving test level
The needs of the development trend of experimental technique, even more workpiece test.Techniques of linear motor grow rapidly, provide good power and
Loading movement control technology, coreless permanent magnet linear synchronous motor have the advantages that heavy moving parts are small, single-degree-of-freedom resonance
System is simplest vibrational system, with resonance principle, may be implemented to apply compared with big load workpiece with lesser power
Purpose, the amplification factor of power theoretically can be infinitely great.
In the prior art to the test of the fatigue loading of workpiece generally using electro-hydraulic servo or electron servo method to workpiece into
Row load, big load load may be implemented in electro-hydraulic servo method, but working efficiency is low, huge energy consumption, high production cost.Electronics is watched
It is small to take control method amplitude, it is not easy to control.It is good that ironless linear motors compare dynamic property with other power devices, Ke Yishi
Existing biggish acceleration and deceleration, positioning accuracy is high, and structure is simple and easy to control, and stroke as needed can be uncontrolled
System.But under normal circumstances, the load of linear motor output is small, and is commonly used in long stroke movement occasion.Output is compared with big load
Structure of the linear motion actuator is huge, expensive.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor, it is therefore intended that invent it is a kind of new, compared with big load
High frequency loading device, extend the application range of linear motor, take full advantage of linear motor powerful servo-drive and control
Ability is realized by the structures and methods of invention and applies high-frequency, the target of big load to workpiece, realizes energy conservation, efficient operation
Objective, it is horizontal to improve Study of Cyclic Loading experimental technique.Solve linear motor pushing force of the existing technology it is small and apply big load
When problem at high cost, and make the workpiece loading method in experimental technique simple and convenient.
To achieve the above object, ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor of the invention uses ironless linear motors conduct
The ironless linear motors movement parts that the linear elasticity element and quality that power source is k using special design rigidity are m constitute single
Freedom degree vibrational system, therefore the intrinsic frequency of single-freedom vibration systemControl the work of ironless linear motors
Frequency make ironless linear motors working frequency and single-freedom vibration system intrinsic frequency it is close, make ironless linear
Motor generates alternation exciting force, constitutes Forced vibration of single degree of freedom system with the system；The exciting force that the system generates acts on
Be fixed on the workpiece on intimate rigid frame, workpiece bears different prestressing force and alternating load, and exciting force center line and
Workpiece center of effort line is overlapped；The size of ironless linear motors exciting force can pass through the output of change ironless linear motors
And change, the load acted on workpiece is changed by the frequency (ω) of adjustable ironless linear motors exciting force, nothing
Intrinsic frequency (ω of the working frequency of iron core linear motor close to single-freedom vibration systemn) when, realize that amplification motor swashs
The purpose for power of shaking, general amplification factor is up to 25~50 times；The intrinsic frequency of single-mode system, can be by specially designing
Adjustable rigidity linear elasticity element is adjusted.
Ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor include power input portion, bearing and targeting part, elastic element part,
Self-locking device and displacement and effect force detection sensor, they are commonly mounted on pedestal after connecting by certain rule, pedestal
It can be the component of any fixation, basic demand is that rigidity is at least higher by an order of magnitude than other parts；
Power input uses coreless permanent magnet synchronous linear electric motor, the advantage for taking its dynamic property good；Bearing and guiding
Part is for linear motor rotor (coil), the guiding and carrying of stator (magnetic yoke) relative motion.Stator is fixed on the base, line
Circle is connect with one end of a linear elasticity element by coil connector at both ends respectively.The direction of linear elasticity element and dynamic
The direction of motion of son is identical, and is overlapped with workpiece center of effort line.The other end and pedestal of one of linear elasticity element are straight
It connects and is fixedly connected, the other end of another linear elasticity element is fixedly connected with the test specimen for being applied load, then passes through one
Load cell is fixedly connected with pedestal.Mover exports line of force, elastic element center of effort line, in load cell geometry
Heart line, test specimen center of effort line, they are coaxial；Self-locking device realizes to include coil, coil connector etc. by electromagnetic brake
Moving component inside cuts off self-lock.
The electromagnetic brake includes electromagnet and elastic plate, and the electromagnet is fixed in the support plate, every piece of bullet
Property plate one end connected with electromagnet by screw, other end automatic spring is equivalent to a cantilever beam；When the electromagnet is powered off,
Elastic plate pop-up and coil connector side wall contact, prevent the opposing yoke free movement of coil connector；When electromagnetism Tie Tong
When electric, elastic plate is sucked back into and coil connector side wall separation, coil connector opposing yoke free movement.
Pedestal mentioned in the present invention is an example, including structural framing and support plate；The bearing is set up separately with guide part
It sets in the support plate of pedestal, the power input portion and support are fixed on the support plate of pedestal after connecting with targeting part
On, the end of magnetic yoke is arranged in the self-locking device, is fixed in the support plate of pedestal, realizes that movement parts cut off self-lock；Displacement
It is used to detect the displacement of movement parts and the stress of workpiece with effect force detection sensor；
The bearing and targeting part include coil connector and movement guide mechanism, and the coil connector passes through movement
Guiding mechanism relative support plate moves back and forth, and the coil connector is the square that a middle position is provided with vertical support plate through slot
Shape, aluminum frame, both ends are provided with output interconnecting piece, and movement guide mechanism includes that two sliding blocks and a guide rail, guide rail are fixed
On the supporting plate, sliding block and guide rail are fitted close；
The power input portion includes ironless linear motors and its driving control system；Ironless linear motors include
One end of magnetic yoke and coil, the coil is fixed with Hall element, for measuring the initial position of ironless linear motors coil,
The magnetic yoke of ironless linear motors is fixed on the supporting plate, and the coil and coil connector of ironless linear motors are fixed on one
It rises, while the sliding block in coil connector and movement guide mechanism is fixed, the coil of ironless linear motors can be in magnetic yoke
The center of magnetic yoke slot moves back and forth；Elastic element part includes two linear elasticity elements, coil connector both ends
Output interconnecting piece connected respectively with a linear elasticity element, two linear elasticity elements, ironless linear motors coil and
The assembly of coil connector constitutes a single-degree-of-freedom mass-spring system.
The self-locking device includes the electromagnetic brake being made of electromagnet and elastic plate.
The displacement and effect force detection sensor includes grating scale and force snesor；The grating scale is located at coil company
In fitting through slot, including grating scale tape and grating ruler reading head, the grating scale tape and the support plate of the grating scale are solid
Fixed connection, the reading head of the grating scale are fixedly connected with the coil connector, the movement of measuring coil connector opposing yoke
When stroke, the upper surface of the lower surface of the grating ruler reading head and grating scale tape there are gap, the gap is 1.2~
1.4mm；The force snesor and workpiece are cascaded and are fixed on structural framing.
The linear elasticity element, can be considered as simply supported beam, the relationship that it has center amount of deflection directly proportional to active force, i.e.,
Linear relationship；Structure implementation method is: a pair of of the simply supported beam being made of the bent plate that two round tubes and two ends are provided with through-hole, two
A round tube middle position is provided with radial connecting hole, and for connecting with coil connector, the both ends of a round tube pass through expansion sleeve
It is connected respectively with one end of two bent plates, the both ends of another round tube are connected with the other end of two bent plates respectively by expansion sleeve
It connects, the length of round tube is the length of the simply supported beam between two bent plates, adjusts the distance between two bent plates and realizes adjustment letter
The purpose of the length of strutbeam, and then change the rigidity of linear elasticity element.
In pedestal example of the present invention, structural framing include two pull rods disposed in parallel and two be arranged in parallel and
The crossbeam for being provided with through-hole is constituted, and the both ends of each pull rod connect with one end of a crossbeam by expansion set respectively, side crossbeam with
One linear elasticity element connection, other side crossbeam are fixedly connected with force snesor, and force snesor and workpiece are cascaded
And connected with another linear elasticity element, the pull rod is fixed on the supporting plate；Unclamp adjustable two crossbeams of expansion set
Distance locks expansion set so that workpiece has different prestressing force, and the distance of two crossbeams is fixed, and two between two crossbeams are linear
The rigidity of elastic element be it is different, to workpiece apply load linear elasticity element rigidity be greater than another linear elasticity
The rigidity of element.
The stiffness relation of two linear elasticity elements are as follows:
(n > 1 and n takes large values as far as possible)；
Wherein: k1For the stiffness coefficient of the linear elasticity element connected with workpiece；
k2For the stiffness coefficient of another linear elasticity element.
When ironless linear motors do random waveform alternate motion, excited frequency ω are as follows:
ω=q × ωn
Wherein: q is coefficient, takes q=0.95~0.99；
ωnFor the intrinsic frequency of single-freedom vibration system.
The vibration excitor further includes position limiting structure, and when coil and the reciprocating motion of coil connector opposing yoke, and coil connects
When fitting moves to the position of the both ends limit, there are gaps for the through slot both ends and magnetic yoke both ends of coil connector, and the gap is extremely
Few 3mm.
The position limiting structure includes the first limit block and the second limit block being fixed in the support plate, the coil and
When coil connector opposing yoke reciprocates to left side extreme position, the end face contact of left slider and the first limited block, institute
State coil and when coil connector opposing yoke reciprocates to right limit position, right side sliding block and second limited block
End face contact, sliding block and the first limited block or the purpose of the second limited block contact are so that coil connector stop motion, coil
There are gaps for the through slot of connector and magnetic yoke end face.
Self-locking device is made of electromagnetic brake in the vibration excitor, and two electromagnetic brakes are located at coil company
It in the through slot of fitting, and fixes on the supporting plate, two electromagnetic brakes are located at the two sides of the grating scale, realize coil
Connector relative support plate cuts off self-lock.
The ironless linear motors can be used in parallel for more, and the magnetic yoke of more ironless linear motors is fixed respectively
On the base, the coil of more ironless linear motors is fixedly connected with coil connector simultaneously, and linear motor is connected by coil
The outside thrust output of fitting part, the center line of thrust and center of effort's line of workpiece for measurement are overlapped.
The invention has the benefit that ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor of the present invention uses coreless permanent magnet synchronizing direct
Power source of the line motor as vibration excitor；The mesh applied to workpiece compared with big load is realized with lesser input power using resonance principle
, ironless linear motors are compared with other devices as power source as power source, the small, dynamic property with mass of coil
Well, precision is high, work efficiency is high, uses the advantages that simple, control performance is good.
The present invention uses dynamic balance technology, and linear guide theoretically only plays bearing and guiding role, can produce and almost disappear
Except the effect of the frictional force of linear guide；Have the advantages that all of linear motor, structure is simple, and control performance is good, power and displacement
It is high to control precision；The stroke size of linear motor is controllable, as needed almost can be unrestricted；It is synchronous using coreless permanent magnet
Linear motor, using coil as mover, movement parts quality is small, is conducive to improve working frequency.Mating adjustable rigidity linear elasticity member
Part constitutes single-degree-of-freedom linear vibrating system with electric mover, and system itself can realize resonant operational, simplify to workpiece system reality
The requirement of existing resonance.
The present invention designs special coil connector in structure, and coil connector applies workpiece by linear elasticity element
Load, and load is direct stress, has no moment of flexure or torque.Because it is required apply load workpiece rigidity be it is different, be
Act on the energy of vibration excitor on workpiece as far as possible, so devising a kind of linear elasticity element of variable rigidity, linear bullet
Property element is made of two round tubes and two pieces of bent plates, can regard that a pair of of simply supported beam, round tube and bent plate are fixed on by expansion set as
Together, the distance for unclamping expansion set two bent plates of adjusting may be implemented to change the purpose of linear elasticity element rigidity.Coil connector both ends
It will connecting line elastic element, it is therefore an objective to which the workpiece for being applied load can have different prestressing force, so that the test to workpiece
It is not unique.
The present apparatus under non-standard state, the coil and coil connector of ironless linear motors because the reason of gravity,
It is easy to move along the rail by sliding block.Electromagnetic brake is designed thus, and brake is fixed on the supporting plate, the elasticity in brake
Element is contacted with coil connector side wall when power is off, applies normal pressure to coil connector.When energization, elastic element is braked
Electromagnet in device sucks back, and coil connector can be freely moved.Electromagnetic brake realization cuts off self-lock, each element of protective device
Not because gravity is damaged.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 be ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor of the invention to workpiece applied force when structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor overall structure diagram of the invention；
Fig. 3 is ironless linear motors resonance exciter structure main view of the invention；
Fig. 4 is ironless linear motors resonance exciter structure top view of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the A-A cross-sectional view of Fig. 3；
Fig. 6 is the B-B cross-sectional view of Fig. 3；
Fig. 7 is linear elastic element structure schematic diagram in the present invention；
Fig. 8 is simply supported beam illustraton of model；
Fig. 9 be ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor of the invention to workpiece applied force when working principle diagram；
Figure 10 is electromagnetic brake structural front view in ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor of the invention；
Figure 11 is electromagnetic brake structure partial cross-sectional view in ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor of the invention；
Figure 12 is the A-A cross-sectional view of Figure 11；
Figure 13 is schematic diagram when elastic plate sucks in electromagnetic brake；
Figure 14 is schematic diagram when elastic plate flicks in electromagnetic brake；
Figure 15 is electromagnetic brake self-lock mechanism figure；
Figure 16 is simplification and the equivalent schematic diagram of ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor mechanical model of the invention；
Figure 17 is the differently strained time and active force relational graph than under；
Figure 18 is the structural schematic diagram using two ironless linear motors vibration excitor when used in parallel；
Wherein: 1, support plate, 2, ironless linear motors, 201, coil, 202, magnetic yoke, 203, Hall element, 3, coil
Connector, 301, through slot, 302, output interconnecting piece, 4, movement guide mechanism, 401, guide rail, 402, sliding block, 5, position limiting structure,
501, the first limited block, the 502, second limited block, 6, grating scale, 601, grating scale tape, 602, reading head, 7, linear elasticity member
Part, 701, round tube, 702, bent plate, 703, expansion sleeve, 8, electromagnetic brake, 801, electromagnet, 802, elastic plate, 9, structural frames
Frame, 901, pull rod, 902, crossbeam, 903, expansion set, 10, iron core, 11, brake coil, 12, armature, 13, mover.
Specific embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention are described further with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Techniques of linear motor is grown rapidly, and provides good power and load and movement control technology.Coreless permanent magnet
Linear synchronous motor has many advantages, such as that structure is simple, and heavy moving parts are small, can be very good to apply in the field.
Single-freedom vibration system is simplest vibrational system.With resonance principle, may be implemented with lesser power
Biggish load is applied to workpiece, the amplification factor of power theoretically can be infinity.Wherein amplification factor H (ω) are as follows:
Wherein: ω is the excited frequency of single-freedom vibration system；
ωnFor the intrinsic frequency of single-freedom vibration system
ζ is the damped coefficient of movement guide mechanism 4, refers to the damped coefficient of guide rail 401 and sliding block 402 in the present invention.
It is loaded thus, it is possible to which the advantages that high using linear motor precision, dynamic property is good and controllability is good improves exciting
The performance of device；Energy utilization rate can be improved with resonance principle.
Ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor is established accordingly, and the fatigue test applied to workpiece loads, tired for promoting
The progress of labor experimental technique improves product quality and is of great significance.
Referring to attached drawing 1- attached drawing 6, ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor of the invention includes bearing and targeting part, moves
Power importation, elastic element part, self-locking device and displacement and effect force detection sensor, they connect according to certain rule
It is commonly mounted on pedestal after connecing.
The pedestal includes structural framing 9 and support plate 1, and the structural framing 9 is fixed in support plate 1；Pedestal can be with
There are many kinds of form, if can satisfy bearing and targeting part, power input portion, elastic element part, self-locking device with
And the installation of displacement and effect force detection sensor；The bearing is arranged in the support plate 1 of pedestal with targeting part, institute
State power input portion and bearing connect with targeting part after be arranged in the support plate 1 of pedestal, the self-locking device is fixed on
In the support plate 1 of pedestal, realize that movement parts cut off self-lock；Displacement and effect force detection sensor are used to detect the displacement of movement parts
With the stress of workpiece.
The bearing and targeting part include coil connector 3 and movement guide mechanism 4, among the coil connector 3
Position is provided with the through slot 301 of vertical support plate 1, and both ends are provided with output interconnecting piece 302, and the movement guide mechanism 4 includes leading
Rail 401 and sliding block 402, the guide rail 401 are fixed in the support plate 1, and two sliding blocks 402 and the guide rail 401 are sliding
Dynamic cooperation, two sliding blocks 402 are fixedly connected with the coil connector 3, and the coil connector 3 passes through motion guide machine
4 relative support plate 1 of structure moves back and forth.
The power input portion includes ironless linear motors 2 and its driving control system；Ironless linear motors 2
Magnetic yoke 202 is fixed in support plate 1, and the coil 201 and coil connector 3 of ironless linear motors 2 are fixed together, iron-core-free
The coil 201 of linear motor 2 can be moved back and forth in the center of the magnetic yoke slot of magnetic yoke 202.
Elastic element part includes two linear elasticity elements 7, the output interconnecting piece 302 at 3 both ends of coil connector
It is connected respectively with a linear elasticity element 7, the coil 201 and coil of two linear elasticity elements 7, ironless linear motors 2
The assembly of connector 3 constitutes a single-degree-of-freedom mass-spring system.
The displacement and effect force detection sensor include grating scale 6 and force snesor；The grating scale 6 is located at coil company
In 3 through slot 301 of fitting, the grating scale tape 601 of grating scale 6 is fixedly connected with the support plate 1, the reading of the grating scale 6
First 602 are fixedly connected with the coil connector 3, stroke when 3 opposing yoke 202 of measuring coil connector moves, the light
There are gap, the gap is 1.2~1.4mm for the lower surface of grid ruler reading head and the upper surface of grating scale tape；The power passes
Sensor and workpiece are cascaded and are fixed on structural framing.
The vibration excitor further includes position limiting structure 5, reciprocates to coil 201 and 3 opposing yoke 202 of coil connector
When the extreme position of both ends, there are gaps for 301 both ends of through slot and 202 both ends of magnetic yoke of coil connector 3.
The position limiting structure 5 includes the first limited block 501 and the second limited block 502 being fixed in the support plate 1, institute
State coil 201 and when 3 opposing yoke 202 of coil connector reciprocates to left side extreme position, left slider 402 and the first limit
The end face contact of position block 501, the coil 201 and 3 opposing yoke 202 of coil connector reciprocate to right limit position
When, the end face contact of right side sliding block 402 and second limited block 502.Sliding block 402 and the first limited block 501 or the second limit
The purpose that block 502 contacts is so that 3 stop motion of coil connector, the through slot 301 of coil connector 3 and 202 end face of magnetic yoke are stayed
There is gap；The gap at least 3mm.
Referring to attached drawing 7, the coil 201, coil connector 3 and linear elasticity element 7 constitute single-degree-of-freedom quality spring
System；The linear elasticity element 7 is considered as a pair being made of the bent plate 702 that two round tubes 701 and two are provided with through-hole
Simply supported beam, two 701 middle positions of round tube are provided with radial connecting hole, and the both ends of a round tube 701 are distinguished by expansion sleeve 703
It is connected with one end of two bent plates 702, the both ends of another round tube 701 are another with two bent plates 702 respectively by expansion sleeve 703
One end connection, the linear elasticity element 7 export interconnecting piece by the radial connecting hole and coil connector 3 on round tube 701
302 connections adjust the vertical range between two bent plates and realize the length of adjustment simply supported beam, and then change linear elasticity element 7
Rigidity；The fundamental requirement of linear elasticity element 7 is carrying different loads, linear variable rigidity and lightweight, and two annulus are cut
Face round tube 701 is fixed together with two pieces of bent plates 702 by expansion sleeve 703, and unclamping expansion sleeve 703 can change two bent plates
Span L between 702, to achieve the purpose that change rigidity, for circular ring section, the moment of inertiaWherein, D
For the outer diameter of round tube 701, d is the internal diameter of round tube 701；The rigidity that workpiece applies the linear elasticity element 7 of load is greater than another
The rigidity of a linear elasticity element 7, so that the useful work to workpiece loading is big as far as possible.
It is a kind of structure based on freely-supported beam model referring to attached drawing 8,7 deformation principle of linear elasticity element of the present invention meets
Freely-supported beam model calculated relationship, the deformation y of middlemaxAre as follows:
Wherein: PLetterFor the size of simply supported beam middle institute stress；
LLetterFor the span of simply supported beam；
ELetterFor the elasticity modulus of simply supported beam；
ILetterFor the moment of inertia of simply supported beam；
Simply supported beam stiffness KLetterAre as follows:
Linear elasticity element 7 of the invention regards a pair of of simply supported beam as, therefore rigidity value is the half of simply supported beam rigidity.
The stiffness relation of two linear elasticity elements 7 are as follows:
(n > 1 and n takes large values as far as possible)
Wherein: k1For the stiffness coefficient of the linear elasticity element 7 connected with workpiece；
k2For the stiffness coefficient of another linear elasticity element 7.
When ironless linear motors 2 do random waveform, excited frequency ω are as follows:
ω=q × ωn
Wherein: q is coefficient, takes q=0.95~0.99；
ωnFor the intrinsic frequency of single-freedom vibration system.
Referring to attached drawing 9, ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor is connected by coreless permanent magnet linear synchronous motor 2, coil
Part 3, movement guide mechanism 4, linear elasticity element 7 constitute a set of plane and straight line kinematic system, the line of ironless linear motors 2
Circle 201 and coil connector 3 tighten together, and coil 201 does straight line in the U-lag of the magnetic yoke 202 of ironless linear motors 2
Movement, magnetic yoke 202 include 114 magnetic yokes and 456 magnetic yokes being set side by side, and coil 201 is in ironless linear motors 2
Movement velocity is v, thrust output T in magnetic yoke slot.The both ends of coil connector 3 are fixed with linear elasticity element 7, magnetic yoke 202
It is fixed by screws in support plate 1, structural framing 9 belongs to component or device except present apparatus designed concept, belongs to substantially
Property only one, that is, be approximately rigid body.The linear elasticity element 7 of one end is to be connect by workpiece with structural framing 9, and workpiece can
To bear rigidity as k1Linear elasticity element 7 active force.The structural framing 9 includes two pull rods disposed in parallel
901 and two crossbeams 902 disposed in parallel constitute, the both ends of each pull rod 901 pass through with one end of a crossbeam 902 swollen respectively
903 connection of set, side crossbeam 902 and a linear elasticity element 7 connect, other side crossbeam 902 and the fixed company of force snesor
It connects, force snesor and workpiece are cascaded and connect with another linear elasticity element 7.
Separate unit ironless linear motors 2 eliminate the frictional force of bearing and guiding, and coil 201 is relative to being fixed on support plate 1
On magnetic yoke 202 do linear reciprocating motion, the outside thrust output T of coil 201, resultant force position is located at coil 201 and generates electromagnetism
The middle at power position.Design is applied to load F on coil connector 3, and position is overlapped with T, then 3 He of coil connector
Coil 201 constitutes internal force system, so that movement guide mechanism 4 is used only as the effect of guiding, is theoretically not subject to load.
The vibration excitor further includes electromagnetic brake 8, and two electromagnetic brakes 8 are located at the coil connector 3
It in through slot 301, and is fixed in support plate 1, two electromagnetic brakes 8 are located at the two sides of the grating scale 6, realize coil
3 relative support plate 1 of connector cuts off self-lock.
Referring to attached drawing 10- attached drawing 12, the electromagnetic brake 8 includes electromagnet 801 and elastic plate 802, the electromagnet
801 are fixed in the support plate 1, and one end of elastic plate 802 is connected by screw and electromagnet 801, other end automatic spring,
It is equivalent to a cantilever beam；When electromagnet 801 powers off, the pop-up of elastic plate 802 and 3 side wall of coil connector contact are prevented
3 opposing yoke of coil connector, 202 free movement；When electromagnet 801 is powered, elastic plate 802 is sucked back into and the coil connects
The separation of 3 side wall of fitting, 3 opposing yoke of coil connector, 202 free movement.The electromagnetic brake 8 can be applied to other field
And in structure, realization cuts off self-lock.
Referring to attached drawing 13- attached drawing 15, ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor of the invention moves self-lock mechanism specifically:
When the present invention is in non-horizontal placement status, when not working, coil connector 3 can freely be slid, and need to take self-locking arrange thus
It applies.The electromagnetic brake 8 being mounted in support plate 1, in the outside bullet of elastic plate 802 when electromagnet 801 powers off, on brake
It opens, and is applied on coil connector 3, generate elastic pressure PPressure。PPressureGenerate frictional force FIt rubs, FIt rubs=μ PPressure, μ is coefficient of friction, it
Inhibition is generated to coil connector 3.For the ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor being disposed vertically, as long as coil connects
The gravity W of part 3 is less than frictional force FIt rubs(W<FIt rubs), then moving components such as coil, coil connector 3 and grating ruler reading head 602
It will not be free to slide because of gravity.
A kind of structure of electromagnetic brake 8.Spring is served as by the elastic plate 802 based on cantilever beam principle, and placed side by side two
A, they are again simultaneously armature 12.In use, deforming Δ to 802 pre-applied active force of elastic plate.This, which is acted on, is enough to overcome
Coil connector 3 is equivalent to the gravity of mover 13.Electromagnet 801 inhale and when, between elastic plate 802 and coil connector 3
Distance be H, it is ensured that coil connector 3 move freely.
The self-locking basic principle of electromagnetic brake 8, brake coil 11 and iron core 10 constitute electromagnetic structure, brake coil
The movement of armature 12 and the composition gapless closed magnetic circuit of iron core 10 when energization, the distance between armature 12 and iron core 10 h=0, herein
Armature 12 be equivalent to the elastic plate 802 in the present invention.Suction F of the electromagnetic structure in h=0ElectricityArmature 12 should be greater than to pop up
Power PRankWith the active force k of springBulletThe resultant force of h, i.e. FElectricity> PRank+kBulletH, wherein kBulletFor spring rate.When brake coil power-off
Under the action of the spring, armature 12 is contacted with mover 13, and generates active force PRank-is dynamic, so that being generated between armature 12 and mover 13
Frictional force.The size of P is related with the pre compressed magnitude Δ of spring, P=kBulletΔ。
Resonance exciting of the invention and loading principle are as follows:
Workpiece is the beaer for needing to apply alternating load.The present apparatus can simplify as single-degree-of-freedom work system
Mechanical model, referring to attached drawing 16, it is assumed that it is rigid body in addition to several parameters as shown in the figure, the load p that beaer is appliedBy
=k1(-x+x0), left-sided system can be equivalent to the typical single-degree-of-freedom work system on right side in figure.As needed, thus it is possible to vary
The load p that beaer appliesBySize and location.
Referring to attached drawing 17, it is assumed that X0Be positive (k in figure2Initial Tensile), Dang ∣ Xmax∣<X0When, then there is PBy max> 0 (is drawn
Power), such as top curve in figure；If X0Be negative (k2It is initial compressed), Dang ∣ Xmax∣<∣X0When ∣, then there is PBy< 0 (pulling force) goes out
It is existing, such as lower curve in figure；Working as X0When=0, curve is intermediate form, at this time r=-1, whereinFmaxAnd FminPoint
It Wei not exciting force maximum value and minimum value in the case of this kind.
Assuming that exciting force F=F0Sin ω t acts on the active force P on beaerByAre as follows:
WhereinFor single-freedom vibration system displacement or the amplification factor of power.
According to resonance principle, when ω is close to resonant frequency, it can be reached with lesser exciting force and beaer is applied
The purpose of very big active force P.
If takingThen haveIn view of k1Directly act on beaer
On, in the conceived case, k should be made as far as possible1> k2。
Ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor of the present invention, belongs to testing machine and vibration excitor field, and being one can export
The ironless linear motors of large-load force and a fatigue tester, be it is a kind of based on resonance principle for measuring metal
The testing equipment of Fatigue Characteristics of Materials, with working frequency is high, test period is short, energy consumption is low, testing expenses are low, structure is simple
Single, convenient to install and maintain, the advantages that operability is good, output action power is big, engineering in practice, can be used for short distance or length
The linear motion device of distance, and positioning accuracy is high, can also apply alternating load to workpiece, carry out fatigue test.
Ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor of the invention can be Liang Tai, three even more ironless linear motors
2 is used in parallel, by taking two ironless linear motors 2 are used in parallel as an example for bright road reason, referring to attached drawing 18, two iron-core-frees are straight
The magnetic yoke 202 of line motor 2 is fixed on the base by a cuboid iron block respectively, is in same level, two ironless linears
The coil 201 and coil connector 3 of motor 2 link together, and coil connector 3 and sliding block 402 are fixed, the guide rail of sliding block 402
401 are fitted close, and guide rail 401 is fixedly mounted on the base, after 2 coil 201 of ironless linear motors is powered, two iron-core-frees
2 coil 201 of linear motor works at the same time, by the outside thrust output of coil connector 3, the thrust center line and workpiece of output by
Power center line is overlapped, and the vibration excitor power output of such method is the two of separate unit ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor thrust output
Times, purpose is also so that the thrust output of vibration excitor is big as far as possible.
When three ironless linear motors 2 are used in parallel, for coil connector 3 at triangular prism shape, three iron-core-frees are straight
The coil 201 and coil connector 3 of line motor 2 link together, and the coil 201 of adjacent two ironless linear motors 2
At 120 °.
Four identical with above method reason in the at most method used in parallel of platform ironless linear motors 2, different to adapt to
The ironless linear motors 2 of quantity are used in parallel, and the shape of coil connector 3 is different, and installation method is carried out according to different structure
Adjustment guarantees thrust center line and the coincidence of workpiece center of effort line that more ironless linear motors 2 export.
Claims (6)
1. ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor, which is characterized in that including power input portion, bearing and targeting part, bullet
Property element part, self-locking device and displacement and effect force detection sensor；They are commonly mounted on pedestal；
The power input portion includes ironless linear motors (2) and its driving control system；It supports with targeting part and includes
Coil connector (3), movement guide mechanism (4)；Elastic element part is the linear elasticity element assembly for assembly of a set of stiffness variable；It is self-locking
Device realizes cutting off self-lock for the moving component including coil, coil connector by electromagnetic brake；Displacement and effect
Force detection sensor is used to detect the displacement of moving component and the stress of workpiece；
The pedestal has at least one big relative to other components of ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor in addition to pedestal
The rigidity of the order of magnitude；
Ironless linear motors (2) in the power input portion include magnetic yoke (202) and coil (201)；Ironless linear
The magnetic yoke (202) of motor (2) is fixed on the base, and the coil (201) and coil connector (3) of ironless linear motors (2) are solid
It is scheduled on together, the coil (201) of ironless linear motors (2) is in the center of magnetic yoke slot；The coil connector (3) is one
The rectangular frame of slot is opened in centre, it is moved back and forth by movement guide mechanism (4) opposite base, the coil connector (3)
Both ends are provided with output interconnecting piece (302)；Elastic element part includes two linear elasticity elements (7), the coil connector
(3) the output interconnecting piece (302) at both ends is connected with a linear elasticity element (7) respectively, two linear elasticity elements (7), nothings
The coil (201) of iron core linear motor (2) and the assembly of coil connector (3) constitute a single-degree-of-freedom quality spring system
System；
The electromagnetic brake (8) includes electromagnet (801) and two pieces of elastic plates (802)；One end of every piece of elastic plate (802) and
Electromagnet (801) is fixedly connected, and the other end is free, is equivalent to a cantilever beam, two pieces of elastic plates are symmetrically installed, and work as electromagnet
(801) when energization is attracted, two pieces of elastic plates (802) are sucked back on electromagnet (801) and the coil connector (3) side wall
Separation, coil connector (3) opposing yoke (202) free movement；When electromagnet (801) power-off, elastic plate (802) pop-up,
It is contacted with coil connector (3) side wall, prevents coil connector (3) opposing yoke (202) free movement.
2. ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the linear elasticity element
It (7) is a pair of of the simply supported beam being made of the bent plate (702) that two round tubes (701) and two ends are provided with through-hole, two round tubes
(701) middle position is provided with radial connecting hole, and the both ends of a round tube (701) are curved with two respectively by expansion sleeve (703)
One end of plate (702) connects, the both ends of another round tube (701) are another with two bent plates (702) respectively by expansion sleeve (703)
One end connection, the linear elasticity element (7) are exported by the radial connecting hole and coil connector (3) on round tube (701)
Interconnecting piece (302) connection adjusts the length that the distance between two bent plates realize adjustment simply supported beam, and then changes linear elasticity member
The rigidity of part (7).
3. ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor according to claim 2, which is characterized in that two linear elasticities
The stiffness relation of element (7) are as follows:
(n > 1 and n takes large values as far as possible)
Wherein: k1For the stiffness coefficient of the linear elasticity element (7) connected with workpiece；
k2For the stiffness coefficient of another linear elasticity element (7)；
When ironless linear motors (2) do random waveform alternate motion, excited frequency ω are as follows:
ω=q × ωn
Wherein: q is coefficient, takes q=0.95~0.99；
ωnFor the intrinsic frequency of single-freedom vibration system.
4. ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the self-locking device includes
At least one electromagnetic brake (8), each electromagnetic brake (8) are fixed on pedestal；The elastic plate (802) of electromagnetic brake
One end, contact in electromagnetic brake power-off with moving component surface, to moving component in the direction vertical with the direction of motion
Upper application normal pressure realizes cutting off self-lock for moving component opposite base；The elastic plate of electromagnetic brake (8) when being powered
(802) it is disengaged with moving component, guarantees the free movement of moving component.
5. ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor according to claim 1, which is characterized in that pedestal includes structural framing
(9) and support plate (1)；The structural framing (9) includes that two pull rods (901) disposed in parallel and two are arranged in parallel and two
The crossbeam (902) that end is provided with through-hole is constituted, and the pull rod (901) is fixed on support plate (1), the both ends of each pull rod (901)
It is connected respectively with one end of a crossbeam (902) by expansion set (903), side crossbeam (902) and a linear elasticity element (7)
Connection, other side crossbeam (902) is fixedly connected with force snesor, and force snesor and workpiece are cascaded simultaneously and another line
Property elastic element (7) connect；
One end of the coil (201) of the ironless linear motors (2) is fixed with Hall element (203) and coil (201) is fixed
The center line and workpiece center of effort line of coil connector (3) output action power of connection are overlapped；
The material of the coil connector (3) is un-conducted magnetic material.
6. ironless linear motors resonance vibration excitor according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the ironless linear electricity
Machine (2) is more used in parallel, and the magnetic yoke (202) of more ironless linear motors (2) is separately fixed on pedestal, more iron-frees
The coil (201) of core linear motor (2) is fixedly connected with coil connector (3) simultaneously, the output action power of coil connector (3)
Center line and workpiece center of effort line are overlapped.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4590989A (en) * | 1983-08-17 | 1986-05-27 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Electromagnetic stirrer |
| CN2666870Y (en) * | 2003-10-08 | 2004-12-29 | 陈国华 | Self-locking device of braker to prevent inadvertent movement |
| CN106537742A (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2017-03-22 | 日本电产科宝株式会社 | Linear vibration motor |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101259683B1 (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2013-05-02 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | Horizental vibration motor |
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- 2017-08-11 CN CN201710683942.8A patent/CN107433258B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4590989A (en) * | 1983-08-17 | 1986-05-27 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Electromagnetic stirrer |
| CN2666870Y (en) * | 2003-10-08 | 2004-12-29 | 陈国华 | Self-locking device of braker to prevent inadvertent movement |
| CN106537742A (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2017-03-22 | 日本电产科宝株式会社 | Linear vibration motor |
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