CN107431351A - 对快充usb充电器中的数据线的软短路过电压保护 - Google Patents
对快充usb充电器中的数据线的软短路过电压保护 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
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- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
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- H02H7/1227—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters responsive to abnormalities in the output circuit, e.g. short circuit
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- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
- H02M3/33523—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33592—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B40/00—Technologies aiming at improving the efficiency of home appliances, e.g. induction cooking or efficient technologies for refrigerators, freezers or dish washers
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Abstract
提供开关功率变换器(105),其具有在例如对负载设备(135)供电的例如USB数据接口的数据接口(125)中监测差分数据信号电压(D+,D‑)来检测软短路状况的过电压保护电路(115)。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2015年3月20日提交的美国临时专利申请号62/136,406的权益,其通过引用全部合并于此。
技术领域
本申请涉及功率变换器,并且更特别地涉及通过数据接口对设备充电的功率变换器的保护电路。
背景技术
反激式开关功率变换器因为变换器的变压器提供与AC家用电流的安全隔离而典型地用于对移动设备充电。常见的是开关功率变换器通过例如通用串行总线(USB)接口等标准接口耦合于正在被充电的设备。USB接口包括用于发信号的差分信号对(D+和D-)并且还提供电力和接地。关于输电方面,USB电缆可以仅提供一定量的电流。例如,USB 2.0标准允许有500mA的最大输出电流而USB 3.0标准允许有900mA的最大输出电流。通过USB电缆的输电传统上使用五伏的输出电压而发生。但现代移动设备电池通常具有几千毫安的存储容量。因而如果使用五伏输出电压来输电,这样的电池的充电将被延迟,即使在USB 3.0标准中允许输出电流增加也如此。由于开关电源、USB电缆和接收设备全部对输出电流展现出电阻,加剧了充电延迟。
鉴于输出电流限制以及来自设备电阻的关联损耗,为了实现快充模式,常见的是在USB电缆上使用明显更高的输出电压。例如,开发使用9V、12V或甚至19V的快充模式,而不是使用默认的5V USB输出电压。增加的电压允许开关电源在USB电缆上输送更多电力而不超出最大输出电流限制。然而,许多遗留设备可能仅适应来自USB电缆的标准5V。从而快充开关电源将在枚举过程中与正在被充电的设备接合来确定是否支持更高输出电压。该枚举可能在USB接口中的差分D+和D-引脚上发生。通过枚举,开关功率变换器和所枚举的设备可以使USB输出电压改变为由被枚举的设备所支持的增加的水平。结果是充电时间大大减少,这带来更大的用户满意度。
尽管快充模式是有利的,但关于它们的实现则出现了问题。例如,USB电缆接口可能变脏使得尘粒或其他微导电物体在VCC引脚(输送输出电压的引脚)与差分信令引脚D+和D-中的一个之间耦合。或者,USB电缆本身可能由于用户扭曲而磨损,以至于在VCC线与用于D+和D-信号的线中的一个之间存在微导电路径。结果是在USB电缆中在VCC与差分数据信号中的一个之间“软短路”。它被表示为软短路,因为对应引脚(或线)之间的耦合的阻抗与真正短路相比相对较高。关于真正短路,常见的是驱动USB电缆的开关功率变换器包括过电流保护电路,如果检测到短路则该过电流保护电路将关断通过USB电缆的充电。采用该方式,不超出USB接口的最大输出电流水平。但软短路将不会导致电流的如此大的增加。因而具有过电流保护的常规开关功率变换器将不会对软短路作出响应,因为输出电流的增加是可忽略的或是微小的,使得它不会触发过电流状态。
如果输出电压(VCC)是5V(例如传统上对于USB接口),因为按照定义,软短路牵涉相对高的阻抗路径,所以软短路并未导致差分信号引脚上危险的升高电压水平。但是随着输出电压增加以支持快充,差分信号引脚电压可能被驱动到不安全的水平。例如,升高的差分信号电压可能对正在被充电的设备中的差分信号的接收电路造成危害。
因此,现有领域中需要预防数据接口的软短路的改进的功率变换器。
发明内容
提供功率变换器,其包括对于例如USB接口的数据接口上的差分数据信号的电压监测电路。该电压监测电路配置成确定差分数据信号的电压是否超出最大安全电压阈值。采用该方式,保护数据接口以免遭受过量的差分信号电压。这些有利特征可以从下面的详细描述更好地理解。
附图说明
图1是根据本公开的实施例的开关功率变换器的框图,该开关功率变换器通过USB接口对设备供电,在该USB接口中提供电压监测电路,其监测USB接口所承载的差分数据信号的电压。
图2是根据本公开的实施例的反激式变换器的电路图,该反激式变换器配置成监测USB接口中的差分数据信号的电压来检测软短路状况。
图3是用于图1和2的系统的过电压保护电路的电路图。
图4是监测USB接口来检测软短路状况的示例方法的流程图。
本公开的实施例以及它们的优势通过参考以下详细说明而被最好地理解。应该意识到类似参考标号用于标识一个或多个图中所示的类似元件。
具体实施方式
为了解决现有领域中对基于数据电缆的功率变换器的软短路保护的需要,提供电压监测电路,其确定电缆上的数据信号电压是否出超出安全水平。下列论述将假设电缆接口是通用串行总线(USB)接口,但将理解结合输电与数据信号的任何接口可以如本文论述的那样受到保护。在图1中示出示例系统100。功率变换器105可以包括开关反激式变换器或将由输入电压V_输入传送的功率变换成输出电压V_输出的任何其他适合的功率变换器。功率变换器105将输出电压V_输出驱动到VCC引脚或USB接口120的端子中。USB电缆125在USB接口120与负载USB接口130之间耦合以用于由功率变换器105供电的设备135。
功率变换器105的快充接口110关于使在常规5.0V水平之上的V_OUT增加到USB3.0协议所支持的增加电压方面对设备135进行枚举。例如,功率变换器105可以包括反激式变换器,其中主控制器控制耦合于感应器的一次绕组的功率开关的开关。在这样的实施例中,因为USB接口120位于反激式变换器的变压器的次级绕组侧上,主控制器与USB接口120隔离。因而快充接口110在反激式变换器实施例中将包括耦合于次级绕组的副控制器。例如,通过快充接口110的枚举(enumeration)可以指示负载设备135可以支持接收等于19V的V_输出。作为替换,可以支持其他水平,例如9V或12V。该枚举对于快充操作模式是常见的。为了在反激式变换器实施例中维持初级与次级绕组之间的隔离,快充接口110例如通过使同步整流器开关(未示出)短路而将所得的枚举数据间接地发信号给主控制器,该同步整流器开关创建由主控制器检测的初级绕组电压脉冲。作为替换,在反激式实施例中快充接口110可以通过光耦合器与主控制器通信。在例如降压或升压变换器的非隔离变换器中,快充接口110在调节功率开关的开关方面还可以充当主控制器。
快充接口110将所枚举的电压水平传送给功率变换器105中的主控制器(未示出),如功率变换器105与快充接口110之间的“通信”信号流所指示的。功率变换器105然后可以使V_输出从它的默认值5V增加到协商增加的水平。尽管在系统100中仅示出D+和D-信号,将立即在枚举期间还可以使用额外差分数据信号对(例如USB 3.1协议中的)。
随着将电源电压V_输出调整到它所协商的水平,功率变换器105通过USB电缆125开始对负载设备135供电。但如早些论述的,软短路可以形成在VCC引脚与USB接口130和120中的任一个中的差分信号引脚之间作为替换,USB电缆125本身可以例如由于扭曲而磨损,以至于在USB电缆125自身内形成软短路。如本文使用的,“软短路”由V_输出电源电压引线或线与差分数据信号中的一个(例如D+或D)的引线或线之间的相对高阻抗路径所产生,其中阻抗是这样的:其使得与功率变换器105关联的过电流保护电路(未示出)未被触发。由于软短路,受影响的差分数据信号的电压可以升到安全水平之上。一般而言,常见的是USB接口(例如USB接口120和130)支持多至五伏默认电源电压水平的差分数据信号电压。然而,随着输出电压增加(例如9.0V、12.0V或19.0V),来自软短路的受影响的差分信号电压可以容易地达到不安全水平,其损害负载设备135内的枚举电路(未示出)中或快充接口110中的接口电路。但因为输出电压V_输出与受影响的差分电压信号之间的路径的相对高的阻抗,该危险的差分信号电压不会在功率变换器105内触发过电流保护操作模式。
为了检测软短路是否触发差分信号电压的这样危险的上升,提供过电压保护(OVP)电路115,其监测差分数据信号电压来确定这些电压是否超出安全水平。如果OVP电路115检测到发生了电压的不安全上升,它触发功率变换器105来使电源电压V_输出减少到默认五伏水平。进而,快充接口110可以对负载设备135重新枚举来指示将使用减少的电源电压。如早些指出的,常见的是,负载设备135内的差分数据接口电路对输出电压V_输出的默认五伏水平具有鲁棒性。因而软短路变得无害。
在备选实施例中,不安全差分数据信号电压的检测可以在功率变换器105中触发复位或一些其他默认状态,以至于不进行输电。然后可以例如通过LED(未示出)来警告用户已停止输电。
在图2中示出示例反激式变换器200,其配置成监测差分数据信号电压来检测软短路状况。桥式整流器205对来自AC干线210的AC输入电压整流并且将所得的整流输入电压输出到输入电容器C1内。当功率开关(例如NMOS功率开关晶体管M1)被初级侧控制器U1驱动为导通时,该整流输入电压驱使磁化电流进入变压器220的初级绕组215。初级侧控制器U1调制功率开关M1的循环来调节在变压器220的次级绕组225处产生的输出电压V输出。因为初级侧控制器U1与具有一对D+和D-数据引脚或端子235的USB电缆隔离,所以次级侧控制器U2通过数据引脚235与在正在被充电的设备(未示出)接口。在反激式功率变换器200中,次级侧控制器U2控制同步整流器(SR)开关晶体管(例如NMOS晶体管)的循环。次级侧控制器U2响应于初级侧控制器U1切断功率开关M1而接通SR开关晶体管。所得的同步整流是常规的并且提高在次级侧上使用二极管来进行类似同步整流的效率。然而将意识到本文公开的有利的软电路检测技术和系统可以在没有同步整流的情况下实践,在所述同步整流中SR开关晶体管被二极管代替。
电压器220的辅助绕组230通过串联电阻对R1和R2所形成的分压器而耦合于接地来产生被初级侧控制器U1接收的感测电压V感测。例如,初级侧控制器U1可以在变压器复位时间对V感测采样来感测输出电压。为了响应于该感测来调制输出电压,初级侧控制器U1可以针对功率开关晶体管M1的循环调整频率或脉宽。例如,初级侧控制器U1可以通过电阻器R1和耦合于功率开关晶体管M1的源极的电缆压降补偿电阻器(RCDC)所形成的分压器来监测磁化电流幅度(CS)。当电流幅度CS达到指定功率开关周期的期望水平时,初级侧控制器U1可以开始切断功率开关晶体管M1。
次级侧控制器U2配置成监测USB接口135中的D+端子上的电压,以确定例如移动设备等负载是否附连到USB电缆(未示出)的另一端。响应于该检测,次级侧控制器U2可以对所附连的设备进行枚举以例如确定该设备是否支持快充操作模式,其中输出电压可以从例如5V的标称默认水平增加到例如12V或19V的更高水平。次级侧控制器U2然后可以通过使耦合于负载电容器CL的阳极的光耦合器140接地而将枚举数据发信号给初级侧控制器U1。负载电容器CL在输出电压节点与接地(RTN)之间耦合来平滑输出电压。初级控制器U1检测光耦合器140上的电压改变作为检测电压(DET)来对枚举数据解码。
为了控制SR FET的循环,次级侧控制器U2监测它的漏极电压(漏极,DRAIN)。当功率开关M1在导通时,SR FET的漏极电压将接地或接近零,但在功率开关M1被循环关断时其将有很高摆幅。如在同步整流领域中已知的,次级侧控制器U2通过输出(OUT)端子驱使SRFET接通而对该电压改变作出响应。由于SR FET的相对低的接通电阻,所得的同步整流与使用次级侧二极管相比省电。
如果在V输出端子与差分信号端子235中的一个之间存在软短路,则枚举在负载设备(未示出)中进行接口。为了预防该潜在不安全状况,次级侧控制器U2配置成将差分数据信号电压与安全阈值水平(例如5V)比较。如果次级侧控制器U2检测到超出安全阈值电压,则它发信号给初级侧控制器U1以响应于检测到软短路状况而使输出电压V输出减少到默认水平。因而图1的OVP电路115在反激式变换器200中与次级侧控制器U2集成。因而次级侧控制器U2充当图1的快充接口110和OVP电路115。
图3是OVP电路115的更详细电路图。为了说明清楚,仅示出一个被监测的数据信号,但将意识到可以类似地监测余下的数据信号。阈值电压选择信号控制在利用电阻器R5形成的分压器中电阻器(例如R1或R2)的选择。在枚举期间,快充接口电路110(图1)可以通过与设备135通信来确定所监测的数据信号的最大安全水平。在备选实施例中,可以使用固定分压器以使得最大安全水平恒定。例如带隙电路305或其他适合的参考电路的参考电压源生成参考电压,所述参考电压在利用电阻器R3和R4形成的另一个分压器中被划分。采用该方式,在比较器300中可以比较数据信号和参考电压的划分版本。分压器然后确定最大安全电压将是什么。如果超出该水平,则比较器300触发过电压警报信号,其从快充接口110被驱动到功率变换器105中的初级控制器,以使得V_输出电源水平可以减少到安全水平,例如常规5.0V水平。作为替换,复位或其他默认状况可以由过电压警报信号触发。
现在将关于图4的流程图论述监测数据接口的差分数据信号来检测软短路状况的示例方法。该方法包括通过数据接口对负载设备枚举来确定它是否支持增加的输出电压的动作400。图1的快充接口110对负载设备135的枚举是动作400的示例。另外,方法包括利用增加的输出电压通过数据接口对负载设备供电的动作405。利用例如9.0V、12.0V或19.0V的增加的输出电压对USB接口120中的V_输出端子进行供电是动作405的示例。最后,方法包括在用增加的电源电压对设备进行供电时发生的动作410,并且包括监测数据接口中的至少一个数据信号的电压以确定该至少一个数据信号的电压是否超出响应于软短路状况的不安全水平。由OVP电路115确定差分数据信号超出默认五伏水平是动作410的示例。
如本领域内技术人员目前为止将意识到的并且根据当前特定应用,可以在本公开的设备的使用的材料、装置、配置和方法中以及对它们做出许多修改、替换和变动而不偏离其范围。鉴于此,本公开的范围不应限制为本文图示和描述的特定实施例的范围(因为它们仅通过其一些示例的方式),而相反,应与下文所附的权利要求以及它们的功能等同物的范围完全相称。
Claims (18)
1.一种系统,其包括:
功率变换器,其配置成通过包括数据信号的数据接口对负载设备供电;以及
过电压保护电路,其配置成监测所述数据信号的电压以确定所述电压是否超出最大安全水平。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述数据接口是通用串行总线(USB)接口,并且其中所述数据信号包括至少一对差分数据信号。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述过电压保护电路包括电压比较器,所述电压比较器配置成响应于所述数据信号的电压超出所述最大安全水平而断言过电压警报信号。
4.如权利要求3所述的系统,其中所述过电压保护电路进一步包括带隙参考,所述带隙参考配置成向所述电压比较器提供参考电压。
5.如权利要求3所述的系统,其中所述过电压保护电路进一步包括一对分压器,并且其中所述电压比较器配置成比较来自每个分压器的电压。
6.如权利要求3所述的系统,其进一步包括:
快充接口,其配置成使用所述数据信号枚举所述负载设备以确定所述负载设备是否支持增加的输出电压水平,并且其中所述功率变换器配置成使通过所述数据接口输送到所述负载设备的输出电压增加到所述增加的输出电压水平。
7.如权利要求6所述的系统,其中所述功率变换器配置成响应于所述过电压警报信号的断言,使通过所述数据接口输送到所述设备的输出电压水平减少。
8.如权利要求6所述的系统,其中所述功率变换器配置成响应于过电压警报信号的断言而复位。
9.如权利要求7所述的系统,其中所述功率变换器是开关功率变换器。
10.如权利要求9所述的系统,其中所述开关功率变换器是反激式变换器。
11.一种方法,其包括:
通过数据接口枚举负载设备以确定其是否支持增加的输出电压;
利用来自开关功率变换器的增加的输出电压通过所述数据接口对所述负载设备供电;
在利用所述增加的输出电压对所述设备供电时,监测所述数据接口中至少一个数据信号的电压,以确定所述至少一个数据信号的电压是否超出响应于软短路状况的不安全水平。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述数据接口是USB接口并且其中所述至少一个数据信号包括至少一对差分数据信号。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其进一步包括:响应于所述差分数据信号中的至少一个的电压超出所述不安全水平而使所述增加的输出电压减少。
14.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中监测所述至少一个数据信号的电压包括通过电压比较器监测所述至少一个数据信号的电压。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其进一步通过电压比较器对所述至少一个数据信号的电压进行分压来产生分压,其中监测所述至少一个数据信号的电压包括监测所述分压。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,其进一步包括:对参考电压进行分压来产生分压的参考电压,其中监测所述分压包括将所述分压与所述分压的参考电压比较。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中对所述参考电压进行分压包括对带隙参考电压进行分压。
18.如权利要求11所述的方法,其进一步包括响应于所述至少一个数据信号的电压超出所述不安全水平,使所述开关功率变换器复位。
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