CN107429967B - 使用从液化天然气的蒸发中获得的冷能回收来液化氮的设备 - Google Patents
使用从液化天然气的蒸发中获得的冷能回收来液化氮的设备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请公开了一种使用从液化天然气的蒸发中获得的冷能回收来液化氮的方法,其包括以下步骤:将要液化的氮流(100)传送至预冷器(101);将离开所述预冷器(101)的氮气流(107)传送至高压再循环压缩机的换热器(108);将离开所述换热器(108)的氮流(114)传送至高压再循环压缩机(115、117);将离开所述压缩机(115、117)的氮流(120)传送至液化换热器(121);向所述液化换热器(121)传送天然气流(123),该天然气流与离开所述压缩机(115、117)的流(120)逆流;将离开所述液化换热器(121)的氮流(126、150)传送至所述换热器(108),该氮流与所述氮气流(107)和所述氮流(114)逆流;将离开所述换热器(108)的氮流(151、152)传送至所述预冷器(101),该氮流与要液化的所述氮流(100)逆流;将离开所述液化换热器(121)的氮流(126、130)传送至膨胀机(131);将离开所述膨胀机(131)的氮流传送至中压分离器(112),该中压分离器输送离开的氮流(132)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种使用从液化天然气的蒸发中获得的冷能回收来液化氮的设备和方法。
背景技术
为了能够运输最大量的天然气,天然气以液体形式来运输,从而使它保持在低温。
为了回到气体形式,天然气必须气化和加热,因此必须将它的冷能传递给另一流体。
相同申请人的专利EP1469265介绍了这种方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是回收从液化天然气的蒸发中获得的冷能,以便在氮的液化中使用该冷能。
另一目的是降低在液氮液化处理中的电力消耗,从而利用从液体天然气的蒸发中得到的冷能。
还一目的是回收从液化天然气的蒸发中获得的冷能,以便在氮的液化中使用该冷能,这比目前采用的方法更有利。
根据本发明,这些目的和其它目的通过一种使用从液化天然气的蒸发中获得的冷能回收来液化氮的方法而实现,该方法包括以下步骤:将要液化的氮流传送至预冷器;将离开所述预冷器的氮气流传送至高压再循环压缩机的换热器;将离开所述换热器的氮流传送至高压再循环压缩机;将离开所述压缩机的氮流传送至液化换热器;与离开所述压缩机的流逆流地向所述液化换热器传送天然气流;与所述氮气流和所述氮流逆流地将离开所述液化换热器的氮流传送至所述换热器;与要液化的所述氮流逆流地将离开所述换热器的氮流传送至所述预冷器;将离开所述液化换热器的氮流传送至膨胀机;将离开所述膨胀机的氮流传送至中压分离器,该中压分离器输送离开的氮流。
这些目的还通过一种使用从液化天然气的蒸发中获得的冷能回收来液化氮的设备而实现,该设备包括将要液化的氮传送至串联定位的以下元件:预冷器;高压再循环压缩机的换热器;高压再循环压缩机;液化换热器,该液化换热器还接收天然气的逆流和供给氮流;膨胀机;中压分离器,该中压分离器输送氮流;且所述氮流通过所述换热器和所述预冷器。
在从属权利要求中介绍了本发明的进一步特征。
这种方案相对于本领域已知方案的优点很多。
本发明设备对于容量为400TPD的液化器具有小于0.1kW/Nm3的LIN的单位消耗量,因此,相对于传统液化循环使得用于氮液化的单位消耗量减少大约80%,该传统液化循环并不使用从LNG回收的冷能,它通常有0.52kW/Nm3的LIN的单位消耗量。
相对于上述专利EP 1469265,还相当大地减少了电力消耗,实际上,本发明方案使用一个较小的压缩机,因为液化(通过高压再循环压缩机来处理)的氮用作冷却剂和用作液化产品。因此,在前专利的高压再循环器集成在压缩机中,该压缩机使得氮达到液化压力。
而且,这种协作完全保持这样的情况,即液化天然气从不直接用于冷却由压缩机处理的气体。
附图说明
通过下面对本发明实际实施例的详细说明,将清楚本发明的特征和优点,该实际实施例通过在附图中的非限定示例来表示,附图中:
图1表示了根据本发明的、使用从液化天然气的蒸发中获得的冷能回收来液化氮的设备。
具体实施方式
参考附图,根据本发明的、使用从液化天然气的蒸发中获得的冷能回收来液化氮的设备接收在10巴压力和15℃环境温度下的、要液化的气态氮,而天然气的温度为-156℃。
要液化的氮100流供给预冷器101。
预冷的氮流102与来自涡轮机104的再循环气体流103和从低压再循环回收的冷气体流105组合,它们在冷氮收集器106中在10巴压力和-110℃温度下组合。
离开收集器106的流107传送至高压再循环压缩机的换热器108,以便进一步冷却至-145℃。
离开换热器108的流110在收集器113中与来自中压分离器112的闪蒸气体(-165℃)流111组合。
离开收集器113的流114在高压再循环压缩机的第一级115中压缩。
离开第一级115的流116在换热器108中冷却,并传送至高压再循环压缩机的第二级117,从而除去压缩热,因此能够在可能最低的温度(-150℃)下进行机器的吸入。这样,电力消耗明显降低,因为要压缩的体积流量较低。
离开高压再循环压缩机的第二级117的氮流120处于大约40巴的压力,以便由于可用的天然气(-156℃)而液化氮(-154℃)。
离开第二级117的流120传送至液化换热器121。
天然气的流123相对于氮逆流地进入换热器121,流124从该换热器121流出。天然气气化(直到-125℃),氮在比进入的天然气的温度高几度的温度下液化。
产生的液氮流126分成两个流。
第一流127(大约为总量的10%)传送至低压再循环压缩机的换热器128,以便除去各压缩级下游的压缩热。
仍然冷的氮(见流157)直接再循环至涡轮机104。
第二流129(剩余的90%)再次分成两个流130和150(接近对半)。
一个流130通过由膨胀机131降压至高压再循环压缩机的吸入压力值(大约10巴)而进一步冷却,并到达中压分离器112。
液相132在中压分离器112中与蒸气相111分离,从而在高压再循环压缩机115的第一级的吸入侧(-150℃)处直接回收冷闪蒸蒸气111(在-165℃下膨胀的大约25%流量)。
在10巴平衡压力下的液氮流132通过由膨胀机133降压至储存压力值(膨胀机下游的压力是环境压力加上储罐负载压头(loading head),从而使得25%的流132在-193℃的平衡温度下气化)而进一步冷却。
离开膨胀机133的流传送至低压分离器136,在该低压分离器136中,液相134与蒸气相135分离。
液相134传送至储存器,而蒸气相135传送至低压再循环压缩机的第一级140。离开第一级140的流141在换热器128中冷却,并传送至低压再循环压缩机的第二级142。
低压和高压再循环压缩机有两级,包括中间换热器(分别为128和108)。换热器128应当认为是可选;这样,低压再循环压缩机的电力消耗能够进一步降低,因为要压缩的体积流量更低。
离开低压再循环压缩机的第二级142的流143再次传送至换热器128。离开换热器128的流105传送至收集器106。
来自第二流129的另一个流150传送至高压再循环压缩机的换热器108。
离开换热器108的流151分成两个流152和153。
流152传送至预冷器101,从该预冷器101流出的流155与流153和离开换热器128的流157(与流127相关)组合。
形成的流158通过涡轮机104通过降压而进一步冷却,该涡轮机104使得进入的流膨胀至要液化的预冷气体的压力(10巴和-110℃)。
该设备分成多个块,以方便理解。
块200接收要液化的氮,并执行预冷。
块201接收天然气,并进行氮的液化。
块202用于生产液氮。
块203用于过冷。
块204用于压缩和冷能(温度)回收。
块205用于工作(压力)回收。
块203为可选,因为当需要在与流100(进入的氮气)相同的压力下储存的液氮时,将不安装低压分离器136、低压再循环压缩机140和142以及换热器128,因为不需要过冷。
当进入块203时,液氮处于流100(进入的氮气)一样的压力,因此流132直接传送至储存器。
尽管块203保持在设备中,但是低压再循环压缩机的换热器128也是可选:该换热器128只有在低压再循环压缩机140、142的能力大到足以补偿换热器128的安装成本时(具有从压缩级的中间冷却获得的能量增益)才安装。
块200也是可选,因为当氮并不预冷时,将失去在高压再循环换热器108的进口处的最冷制冷作用,结果是由于换热器必须冷却的再循环流量的增加而导致的单位消耗量增加,且因为在涡轮机吸入侧的体积流量较低而导致涡轮机104的效率降低。
由中压分离器112产生的氮气直接重新结合至高压再循环压缩机115的第一级的吸入侧。
而且,还有这样的选择,即在氮气进入高压再循环换热器128之前直接在收集器106中回收该气体(与预冷的氮102和来自低压再循环压缩机140、142回收的氮105一起)。由于高压再循环压缩机的单位消耗量稍微增加,因此在收集器106中的任何回收(而不是机器的吸入侧)只影响循环的效率。
机器104、117、115、140、142的轴能够全部或部分机械连接,以便能够进一步减少电力消耗。特别是,对于小型设备,它们都能够分开,而在较大设备中,优选是使它们连接。
根据本发明,尝试使用在再气化区域中可用的大量天然气,以便将压缩温度保持在可能最低点,从而能够在低能量消耗的情况下压缩大量的气态氮。
而且,通过使用膨胀机104,能够使得由换热器108气化和在膨胀机104中加热152、155的液氮膨胀,以便产生大量的机械能或电能,该机械能和电能能够由压缩机117和/或115使用,以便再次压缩再循环氮107。
预冷器101的功能是将换热器108的工作温度(热侧)降低至低温,以便能够提高高压再循环压缩机115/117的单位功率消耗量。
离开换热器108的氮流114在可能最低的温度下(使用来自换热器121的液氮)传送至高压再循环压缩机115、117,从而进一步提高能量效率。
离开液化换热器121的流126是液氮,以便能够将下游的元件冷却至可能最低的温度。这样,液氮的使用(因此在低于-155℃的温度下)能够进一步降低设备的功率消耗。
离开换热器108的氮流151、152与要液化的氮流100逆流地传送至预冷器101,以便尽可能多地加热在108中气化的氮(要在涡轮104中膨胀),具有较高的机械能/电能回收,以便减少设备的能量消耗。
使用膨胀机131(用于产生液氮132)和分离器112(该分离器112分离来自膨胀机131的氮)能够获得冷氮气流111,该冷氮气流并不传送至换热器例如128,而是直接与高压再循环压缩机115/117的吸入侧连接,以便降低压缩温度,用于改善单位功率消耗量。
使用再循环压缩机115/117不仅将要液化的氮132/134处理为最终产物(从要液化的氮流100来获得),而且还处理高得多的流量107/110/114/120,以便从液体甲烷123中收集更多的冷能,从而通过液氮150而将它传递给换热器128,以获得改进的压缩机115/117级间冷却(在能量效率方面)。压缩机115/117相对于换热器128和121的这种新布置方式能够使得生产液氮的单位消耗量<<0.1kW/Nm 3的电消耗量,这在其它情况下是不可能。
在本发明设备的可选实施例中(可能有更低性能,但同等功能),可以实现以下。
要液化的氮传送至串联定位的以下元件:高压再循环压缩机的换热器108;高压再循环压缩机115、117;液化换热器121,该液化换热器121还接收逆流的天然气流123;膨胀机131;中压分离器112,该中压分离器112输送氮气流132。
特别是,压缩机115、117串联地包括:高压再循环压缩机的第一级115;换热器108和高压再循环压缩机的第二级117。
在将流102传送至收集器106之前,预冷器101还能够添加在上述设备的进口处。
膨胀机133和另一低压分离器136也能够添加在出口处,在该膨胀机133中,流通过降压而进一步冷却,在该另一低压分离器136中,液相134与蒸气相135分离。
因此能够添加块205。
还能够添加块203。
这样设想的设备能够进行多种变化和改变,这些变化和改变为本领域技术人员在了解本说明书后可知,所有这些变化和改变都落入本发明构思的范围内:而且,使用的所有元件都能够由技术上等效的元件来代替。
Claims (3)
1.一种使用从液化天然气的蒸发中获得的冷能回收来液化氮的方法,包括以下步骤:
将氮气流传送至高压再循环压缩机的第一级(115)和第二级(117);
将离开所述高压再循环压缩机的第二级(117)的氮流(120)传送至液化换热器(121);
与离开所述高压再循环压缩机的氮流(120)逆流地向所述液化换热器(121)传送液化天然气流(123);
将离开所述液化换热器(121)的液体氮流(126)的一部分(130)传送至膨胀机(131);
将离开所述膨胀机(131)的氮流传送至中压分离器(112),所述中压分离器输送离开的液化的氮流(132);
其特征在于
要液化的氮流(100)被传送至预冷器(101);
离开所述预冷器(101)的流(102)被传送至输送要被传送至高压再循环压缩机的第一级(115)和第二级(117)的氮气流(107)的收集器(106);
其中,将氮气流(107)传送至高压再循环压缩机的第一级(115)和第二级(117)的步骤包括:
将氮气流(107)传送至高压再循环压缩机的换热器(108);
将离开所述高压再循环压缩机的所述换热器(108)的氮流(110)传送至高压再循环压缩机的第一级(115);
将离开所述第一级(115)的氮压缩流(116)传送到所述高压再循环压缩机的所述换热器(108),将离开所述换热器(108)的流在-150℃传送到所述高压再循环压缩机的第二级(117);
与所述氮气流(107)和离开高压再循环压缩机的所述第一级(115)的所述氮压缩流(116)逆流地将离开所述液化换热器(121)的液体氮流(126)的其余部分(150)首先传送至高压再循环压缩机的所述换热器(108);
然后与所述要液化的氮流(100)逆流地将离开所述液化换热器(121)的液体氮流(126)的其余部分(150)传送至所述预冷器(101),然后传送至涡轮机(104);
将离开所述涡轮机(104)的流(103)传送至所述收集器(106),离开所述涡轮机(104)的流与离开所述预冷器(101)的流(102)组合,以产生传送到高压再循环压缩机的第一级(115)和第二级(117)的所述氮气流(107)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括以下步骤:将离开中压分离器(112)的氮流(132)传送至膨胀机(133),在所述膨胀机中,所述氮流通过降压而进一步冷却;将离开膨胀机(133)的流传送至低压分离器(136),在所述低压分离器中,液相(134)与蒸气相(135)分离。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括以下步骤:将离开所述液化换热器(121)的液体氮流(126)传送至低压再循环压缩机的换热器(128);将离开所述低压再循环压缩机的换热器(128)的流(157)传送至所述涡轮机(104);将离开所述低压分离器(136)的、处于蒸气相(135)的氮流传送至低压再循环压缩机的第一级(140);将离开所述低压再循环压缩机的第一级(140)的流(141)传送至所述低压再循环压缩机的换热器(128);将离开所述低压再循环压缩机的换热器(128)的流传送至低压再循环压缩机的第二级(142);将离开所述低压再循环压缩机的第二级(142)的流(143)传送至所述收集器(106)。
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CN101223260A (zh) * | 2005-07-19 | 2008-07-16 | 信永重工业株式会社 | 再液化蒸气装置 |
CN201348420Y (zh) * | 2008-10-21 | 2009-11-18 | 杭州杭氧股份有限公司 | 利用液化天然气冷量获得液氮的装置 |
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