CN107429480A

CN107429480A - System and method for color and other physical properties to be transferred to fiber, braid, laminar composite and other products

Info

Publication number: CN107429480A
Application number: CN201680017766.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 克里斯多夫·迈克尔·亚当斯; 乔恩·迈克尔·霍尔韦格; 罗兰·约瑟夫·道恩斯
Original assignee: DSM IP Assets BV
Current assignee: DSM IP Assets BV
Priority date: 2015-03-26
Filing date: 2016-03-25
Publication date: 2017-12-01
Also published as: JP2018510791A; WO2016151409A1; KR20170129935A; EP3274501A1; US20180044852A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to dyestuff is transferred into fiber, the method of braid or composite, including dyestuff is applied in transfer paper to produce dyestuff transfer paper, the transfer medium of coloring is placed on whole inflatable device or expansion structure (such as metal tube) and fiber, braid or composite contact, and apply heat, at least one of pressure or vacuum by dyestuff to be injected into fiber, in braid or composite, so as to produce the fiber through coloring, braid or composite, the fiber through coloring, braid or composite are to fiber, the physical property of braid or composite has little or no unfavorable change.

Description

For color and other physical properties to be transferred into fiber, braid, lamination composite wood The system and method for material and other products

Background of invention

Present invention relates generally to provide the system and method related to the coloring of single fiber, braid and laminated material.

In textile fiber industry, there are a large amount of requirements in the coloring to fiber, at least to most military, business, clothes It is such for dress, industry, medical treatment and aerospace applications.However, lamination reinforcing material is plain color (plain), it is unfavorable for dyeing Or coloring.A kind of known technology for adding from color to laminated material is to coat the material.However, coating material is by making Paint vehicle is set to come off with fading in the sun over time.These defects may show very much in flexible laminated material .In another prior art embodiment, lamination reinforcing material is combined to produce fiber with additional film layer or other materials The flexible fabric of enhancing.What other additional materials can include dyeing more conventional weaves cotton cloth.This material is typically found in Need in high performance application, vision or aesthetic appearance are secondary.The outward appearance typically received is such as manufactured plain color And/or lack vision coloring, pattern or figure.

Traditionally, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber can with single and only a kind of color (i.e. translucent white) With.This fiber is for example with brand nameWithSell.UHMWPE fibers are only limitted to a kind of pale Color, which has limited applicability of the UHMWPE fibers in many fields, and otherwise it has applicability, but needs can not be met except white The requirement of the final use product of other colors in addition is to meet necessary product requirement or specification.

So far, UHMWPE fibers are such asOrThe trial of stock-dye or coloring is always It is largely unsuccessful, because it is durable non-fading to be degraded with wear-resisting, resistance to environmental exposure, wash resistant or chemically-resistant Surface coated fiber surface.The shortage of the bonding force and/or color fastness of coloring agent or colouring agent is especially in following application It is problematic：Wherein coloured decomposition and it may be transferred in other surfaces or environment and may cause to pollute, change colour or in medical treatment Cause toxicity, infection or the engineering surface performance such as surface tension, coefficient of friction, lubricity and wetability under applicable cases Destruction.

Before spinning and stretched operation by colouring agent be added to trial in polyethylene polymer precursor also always not into Work(, this mainly due to chain be broken and interaction between depolymerization or polymer and colouring agent caused by machinery The unacceptable reduction of performance, is generally reduced more than 50%, and due to processing difficulties, supply chain problem and before must supporting The manufacture complexity of a variety of coloured variants of body polymer and for running and the cleaning and again of the equipment of different coloured fibers It is new to set.Even if there is substantial amounts of cleaning downtime, it is also difficult to avoid the cross pollution between the different operations of various fiber colors.

Therefore, it is desirable to produce through coloring or colorable, patterning or other physical property (such as fade resistant of enrichment Property) coloured fiber, braid and lamination reinforcing material.

Summary of the invention

In the various embodiments of the disclosure, UHMWPE materials are coloured using dye sublimation dye technology.Each Aspect, UHMWPE materials include fiber, braid and lamination and close any one of composite.For example, according to context of methods The UHMWPE materials of coloring can be included by stretching UHMWPE fibers made of gel spinning technology, such as Fiber.Colouring agent is allowed to be injected into gel spinning UHMWPE under the controlled condition of heat and pressure according to the color method of the disclosure Fiber in itself in.In addition to the effective ways as fibre staining, can after fiber is spun from polymer solution, During many in fiber or braid manufacturing process, using the coating or transfer method being largely readily obtained in extensive range Color gets off to implement the various embodiments of this paper dye sublimation color method.This process flexibility improves the reality of technique With property, practicality and business efficiency, at the same allow by color application in product stream a bit so that stock and technological process Rationalize and simplify.

Importantly, although other dye technologies can adversely by the mechanical performances of UHMWPE fibers reduce by 50% or More, but it can be realized by this paper dye sublimation processes and colouring agent is injected into fiber in itself, the machine without making fiber Tool performance (such as intensity and engineering Young's modulus) has significant change, and both of which is most important to UHMWPE fibers, and fiber Main selling point.

In the various embodiments of the disclosure, UHMWPE fibers and braid exist along each fiber or fibrous braid Color dyes are planted with two kinds (2) or more in some, (a) will not exceed the tensile strength reduction of fiber/braid 10%；(b) without excessive residual colorant left thing；Without using face coat (be only colouring agent/dyestuff) (c).Various In embodiment, methods described includes fiber being wrapped in around expandable mandrel, and allows mandrel swollen during coloring process Swollen and tensioning fiber.

In all fields, dyestuff is transferred to the method for composite to be included：Dyestuff is applied to transfer medium to produce Transfer medium through coloring；Transfer medium through coloring is positioned to contact with composite；And such as by using high pressure Kettle applies at least one of heat, external pressure and vacuum pressure and dyestuff is injected into composite to produce through coloring Composite.This method may further include the temperature for being cooled to composite and making shape desired by composite holding. In all fields, this method can also include solidifying by applying composite at least one ultraviolet or electron beam irradiation Dyestuff.In addition, this method may further include to composite addition coating (such as polyimides).In addition, this method can To further comprise adding polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) film to composite and/or be added to nylon and/or polyurethane coating compound Material.In various embodiments, it is used as color transfer medium using film so that retain after coloring process as membrane coat On the composite.

In various embodiments, composite includes non-woven material or textile material.In various embodiments, it is compound Material includes at least one layer of textile material and at least one layer of non-woven material.Transfer medium can include transfer paper, transfer layer laminate Or at least one of transfer membrane.Dyestuff can be applied on transfer medium in the form of pattern, figure or logo, and its Middle composite is respectively injected the pattern, figure or mark of matching.Turn in addition it is possible to use directly printing and being applied to dyestuff Move on medium.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 shows the illustrative embodiments of rotation color transfer system；

Fig. 2A and 2B shows hot pressing color transfer system and the illustrative embodiments of relevant pressure figure；

Fig. 3 shows the flow chart of exemplary heat pressing process；

Fig. 4 A and 4B show autoclave color transfer system and the illustrative embodiments of relevant pressure figure；

Fig. 5 shows the flow chart of example high-pressure kettle technique；

Fig. 6 shows the illustrative embodiments of linear color transfer system；

Fig. 7 shows the illustrative embodiments of multilayered color-forming laminate layer transfer；

Fig. 8 shows the embodiment of the expandable structure according to the disclosure；

Fig. 9 shows the embodiment of the autoclave cured program for fiber and braid sample, for high pressure kettle temperature Spend the temperature and time curve of (°F) and part temperatures (°F) drafting；

Figure 10 shows the embodiment of the autoclave cured program for fiber and braid sample, for autoclave pressure The pressure/vacuum degree and time graph that power (psi) and vacuum (psi) are drawn；

Figure 11 is shown receives (as-received) material as former stateFibrous braid extension test As a result；

Figure 12 is shown receives material as former stateFibrous braid extension test result；

Figure 13 is shownExtension test result of the fiber 1740dtex braids on coloring material；

Figure 14 is shownExtension test result of the fiber 1740dtex braids on coloring material, to paint Diagram form；

Figure 15 shows the toughness of 1000,400 denier fibers and the curve map of elongation strain for being received；With

Figure 16 is shown for dyeingThe toughness of 1000,400 denier fibers and the curve of elongation strain Figure.

Detailed description of the invention

Although the illustrative embodiments being described in detail herein are enough to make those skilled in the art carry out the present invention, It should be understood that, it is possible to achieve other embodiment, and can carry out without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention The material of logicality, electrically and mechanically change.Therefore, provided only for illustrative purpose described in detail below.

Material

In various embodiments, fiber, braid, fabric and laminated material are coloured according to the disclosure.All kinds Fiber and braid include for exampleOrThe UHMWPE materials of brand.In various embodiments In, UHMWPE fibers according to disclosed method by being coloured and being modified.UHMWPE is one kind by pole extended chain polyethylene group Into polyolefin.Trade name includesWithUHMWPE is also referred to as high-modulus and gathered in the industry Ethene (HMPE) or high-performance polyethylene (HPPE).UHMWPE molecular weight (MW) is typically expressed as " inherent viscosity " (IV), its Generally at least 4dl/g, preferably at least 8dl/g.Generally, UHMWPE IV is less than about 50dl/g, preferably less than about 40dl/g. In various embodiments, UHMWPE fibers include the polymer chain of extrusion.In various embodiments, UHMWPE fibers include drawing Crowded polymer chain.

Various types of composites include textile material and non-woven material.In the exemplary embodiment, textile material Including many low denier tow (i.e. light fibre).Textile material includes what is passed through with the pattern of weaving above and below each other Fiber, it can cause a certain degree of curling in fiber.Moreover, in textile material, when attempting to stretch crimped fibre, draw The transverse load of fiber lap can be caused by stretching load.Transverse load reduces translation of the fibre strength to fabric intensity, subtracts Chronic fatigue performance and creep fracture performance are lacked.In the exemplary embodiment, the technical fiber of higher performance has more aobvious The reduction performance of the curling correlation of work.This is particularly significant in the fibre, its transverse direction for optimizing axial filament performance and reducing silk thread Performance.

As used herein, composite is defined as one or more layers unidirectional fibre being orientated in one or more directions With polymer substrate lamination.For example, the unidirectional fibre in adjacent laminates can be offset with the angle between their direction.Compare Under, in the exemplary embodiment, film/nonwoven composites are using high danier tow in order to manufacturing.Nonwoven composite wood Material, such as felt, comprising not above and below each other by and thus the fiber that will not crimp.The advantages of film/nonwoven composites is Unconfined fibrous face weight (weight of unit area fiber).In other words, thicker fiber can be used in non-woven material and It is not used in textile material.Another advantage of film/nonwoven composites is can be with relative to the fiber any angle in other layers The multi-layer fiber of orientation forms composite.In addition, in an illustrative embodiments, film/nonwoven composites are designed to Specific location has optimum weight, thickness and intensity along predetermined load paths as needed.In addition, by high-modulus The film/nonwoven composites that fiber is formed can have the predictable and linear properties for engineering design.

According to illustrative embodiments, composite is injected into color in the fabrication process.In various embodiments, it is multiple Condensation material includes the high strength fibre of one or more layers sparse distribution, such as UHMWPE (such as conductIt is commercially available ),Aramid fiber；Polyester；Carbon fiber；Its in Zylon PBO, or coating and/or embedded resin or other materials His material, or its any combinations.The particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention is related to the coloring of composite, described compound Material includes the high intensity UHMWPE fibers of one or more layers sparse distribution.

In the context of the present invention, " high intensity " refers at least 1.5GPa, preferably 2.5GPa, more preferably at least 3.6GPa, most preferably at least 4.2GPa tensile strength.The fiber coloured according to method disclosed herein is except passing through spy Determine outside the sign of chemical composition, can also be characterized by various physical properties.These performances be for example related to fiber stretching and Intensity.As specified in ASTM D885M, define and tensile property (being measured at 25 DEG C) is determined on polyfilament yarn：Stretching is strong (or intensity), stretch modulus (or modulus) and elongation at break (or EAB) are spent, uses the fibre that nominal gauge length is 500 millimeters Peacekeeping 50%/min crosshead speed.On the basis of the measured stress-strain curve, modulus is defined as about 0.3 and 1% Gradient between strain.In order to calculate modulus and intensity, by the pulling force measured divided by fiber number, by 10 meters of the fiber of weighing come really Determine fiber number；It is assumed that density is 0.97g/cm³, calculated value is come with GPa.

(such as fiber) polymer generally have can according to ASTM D1601-2004 (at 135 DEG C, decahydro Change naphthalene in) measure " inherent viscosity " (IV), dissolution time be 16 hours, using DBPC as antioxidant, dosage 2g/l Solution, by the way that the viscosity measured under various concentrations is extrapolated into zero-dose to measure.

Linear polymer is further characterized in that the amount of existing side chain.For example, the quantity of side chain passes through in UHMWPE samples FTIR is determined on the thick compression molding films of 2mm, by using the calibration curve measured based on NMR come quantitative in 1375cm^-1Ripple The absorption of the infra-red radiation of strong point (as example disclosed in EP 0269151).

The color of injection can be shown as pure color, pattern or any kind of figure on the one or both sides of composite Shape, such as picture or logo.Other possibilities include manufacture composite with striped, round dot, figure, shape etc..One In individual illustrative embodiments, laminated film and/or fabric can also have combination in advance to interact, cooperate with coloring process Or other tones of modification distil or do not distil, colour substrate, modifying agent or ultraviolet or colour stabilizer.

The colouring agent that can be used for distilling/spreading according to the disclosure can include dyestuff or pigment or its combination.For example, this hair The bright sublimation dye used is typically from following kind of dyestuff：Acid dye, urn (Vat) dyestuff, pigment dye, scattered dye Material, direct dyes and reactive dye.In various embodiments, preferred disperse dyes and direct dyes.These dyestuffs are by being referred to as It is prepared by the chemical classes organic system of azo, anthraquinone and phthalocyanine dye system.In other side, color possibility includes pigment such as two Titanium oxide, carbon black, phthalocyanine blue, quinacridone are red, organic yellow, phthalocyanine green, deep yellow ochre, Ai Erkenuo are orange, Venetian red, umber Color, Guinea green (viridian green), ultramarine and tin ash.In some implementations of fiber, braid and composite coloring In mode, imperial family is blue, water blue (Aqua Blue), black, rainbow trout ash (Steelhead Gray), four colors Huang (Process Yellow), red as fire (Fire Red), scarlet (Scarlet Red), four colors red (Process Red), rose-red (Rubine Red), fuchsin, navy blue, four colors blue (Process Blue) and green (Kelly Green) sublimation dye of triumphant profit are useful, and And it can be used alone or be applied in combination with various to be used for colored pattern.Term " dyestuff " and " pigment " are interchangeable herein Use, typically refer to the colouring agent of this method.

In other various embodiments, composite can also have the various surface naturies for being added to change material Various coatings.Various coatings can add together with the coloured dye being added in the material or as being added to the material In coloured dye substitute.In the first illustrative embodiments, membrane coat is added in material.Specific membrane coat Available for tensile strength, toughness, chemistry and the dimensional stability, weldability, barrier properties for gases for increasing or decreasing composite Energy, electrical property, heat-resisting quantity, ultraviolet or infrared radiation property, and/or reduce coefficient of friction.In the second illustrative embodiments In, polyimide coating is added in composite.Polyimide coating can change the electrical property and dielectric properties of material. In addition, polyimide coating can be configured as increasing over a wide temperature range the stability of material property.In the 3rd example , will such as polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) film in property embodimentFilm be added in composite.Such as PVF films Film helps to increase weatherability, long durability and environmental stability.Similarly, in the 4th illustrative embodiments, nylon All increase toughness with polyurethane coating and with flexibility, while there is relatively low mechanical performance and permeance property.At other Aspect, dyestuff transfer medium include the film of dye-coating, its after the coloring process as composite layer be retained in behind.

According to illustrative embodiments, composite can be laminated with spinning coating to produce composite mixture.Spin Knitting coating can be incorporated to increase wearability.For example, the spinning coating on composite can include nylon shioze tissue layer.In addition, In the exemplary embodiment, composite mixture can be designed to the various material character groups by composite and coating Close with produce high intensity, dimensionally stable flexible composite.The exemplary application of composite mixture includes Military Application, Such as high-level vision camouflage and/or infrared signature are reduced.Another example is used in trajectory armor vest.

In the exemplary embodiment, distillation injection is carried out to realize the various additions of composite.Additive can wrap Include such as color, pattern and gloss application, minute surface or infrared reflectivity is modified, antimicrobial or medicine, surface adhesion modifying agent, Nano material infusion, dielectric modifying agent, printed conductive metal or polymeric material, to add electrically/dielectric conductive features or electricity Road pattern, and/or the collaboration component of fire proofing or fire proofing is introduced into layered product, skin covering of the surface or surface fabric.One In individual illustrative embodiments, UV stable or curing additive are introduced into material.These additives can extend compound The service life of material.

In addition, in various embodiments, fire retardant adhesive or polymer are used together with composite.Furthermore, it is possible to Fire retardant is added in combustible matrix or barrier film to improve the anti-flammability of composite.Fire retardant can act as in many ways With, such as endothermic degradation, heat shielding, gas phase dilute or gaseous phase free radical is quenched.The example of flame-retardant additive includes：DOW D.E.R.593 brominated resins, the flame-retarded resins of Dow Corning 3 and polyurethane resin with antimony trioxide are (such as from PDM Neptec Ltd. EMC-85/10A), although other flame-retardant additives can also be suitable, such as those skilled in the art As knowing.Available for improve anti-flammability flame-retardant additive other examples include Fyrol FR-2, Fyrol HF-4, Fyrol PNX, Fyrol 6 and SaFRon 7700, although other additives can also be suitable, such as those skilled in the art It is known.In various embodiments, can also be by using fire resistance fibre, ceramics or metal filament, intrinsic fire resistance fibre Or anti-flammability and self-extinguishment feature are added in fiber by coated fiber.The example of fire resistance fibre includesOrIntrinsic fire resistance fibre is included with the flame-retardant compound being directly appended in fiber manufacture process in fiber preparation Fiber.In addition, fiber, which can be used, introduces flame-retardant compound (such as those described herein or well known by persons skilled in the art Other suitable compounds) sizing agent, polymer or adhesive coating.In other various embodiments, composite The middle any yarn fabric used or scrim material can be pre-processed by supplier with fire-retardant, or are applied in the fabrication process Cover and inject flame-retardant compound.In an illustrative embodiments, UV stable or curing additive are introduced into composite wood In material.These additives can extend the service life of material.

In various embodiments, by any one of various application processes described in this paper, by composite It is assembled into the multilayer materials for the outer surface layer that can be coloured or texture.Outer surface layer can be unidirectional lamination, film, nonwoven Fabric or felt, weave cotton cloth, solderable thermoplasticity barrier film, waterproof and breathable barrier film and fabric scrim.These outer surface materials can have There are the initial coloring complementary with various infusion transfers, distillation transfer or roller transfer method or pattern, it is desired attractive in appearance to obtain Effect or visual effect.In addition, in order to adjust the saturation degree of finished product coloured material, tone, opacity or light transmission, also may be used So that various powder colorants, illuminating colour or distillation colouring agent to be added to the adhesive binder or laminated resin of unidirectional layer laminate In component., can be at one in order to further adjust the saturation degree of finished product coloured material, tone, opacity or light transmission Or add one or more coloured, opaque or shading films between multiple stacking interface layers.

The composite is applied to a variety of applications：Industry and Technical Textiles, clothes, sporting goods, aquatic sports, draw Ship and sailing boat material, canvas, hunting and fishing, balloon and light aircraft vehicle, commercial fabric, indoor decoration, inflatable structure, army Clothes, gear, medical treatment or protective articles or device, tension structure, seismic structural reinforcement material, banner and label and other flexibilities Material or fabric application, the wherein high-performance of flexible composite, lightweight, high intensity, tear resistance, high-flexibility, bending Life-span, durability, weatherability and unique property are very desired, but the coloring of attractive in appearance or vision, pattern, figure and other are regarded Feel characteristic or effect are also the important component of the expected purpose of material or product.Such as absorb or reflect the purple of various wavelength Outside line region, visible region, region of ultra-red or other regions of electromagnetic spectrum and/or surface texture or shape, gloss (gloss or sheen), opacity, printing opacity are in the light or the property of color fastness and fade resistance is also desired.

Because these many potential applications are consumer-orienteds, such as clothes, open air, sports goods, hunting and fishing Fish, aquatic sports, row the boat and sailing boat or medical fabrics or textile, it has particular/special requirement or feature, such as anti-flammability or resistance to Fire, deodorization, mildew resistance or microbial resistance, water resistance and/or gas permeability, chemical resistance or wearability, it is contemplated that side Method and any combinations of material are to meet the desired characteristic of intended application.

Apply the method for color

Various methods can be implemented to promote dyestuff to be transferred to composite.These methods generally have two kinds of mistake Journey：Continuous process and batch process.Continuous process is with stable linear velocity or with stable phased out-starting speed expansion The method of material.Material is assembled, consolidate, colour, textured, is then rewound on backrush roller., will in batch process Then composite material compositions and colorant load carry out Cooking/Curing process into forcing press, vacuum bag or autoclave.

According to illustrative embodiments, the various methods of dyestuff transfer can include turning from the heat of printing or saturation carrier Move；It is directly printed onto by ink-jet or dye-sublimation printer on layered product or skin covering of the surface；By dyestuff, color or the color of distillation Or pattern is bonded directly in composite or matrix or in composite or matrix；Heat transfer is on composite or film；And Bath dipping or immersion injection.In an illustrative embodiments, sublimation inks are used for more robust and permanent coloring.

According to illustrative methods, color is applied on composite using transfer vector base material.As initial step, choosing Select transfer vector, such as film or paper.The color of application can be pure color, or the pattern that can be located on transfer vector or Figure.Transfer vector color method can use ink-jet printer, intaglio plate roll-coater, slit type coating head, soak bath to apply Cloth, anilox roll coating, knife type coater, at least one of roll-coater and Kohler coater.In various exemplary implementations In mode, by directly print or be transferred to laminated material expection surface, layer or laminated material and autoclave, band press, The interface of vacuum drying oven etc., it can promote to apply pure color to composite.

, can be by using ink-jet printer, sublimation printer, soft in the various illustrative embodiments directly printed At least one of printing machine technique, anilox printing and hectographic printing promote pattern or figure being applied to composite wood Material.

What is no matter shifted is solid color or pattern/pattern, and transfer vector base material is all close to composite so that passes through The heat (if using single carrier) that various method and systems apply, color or pattern are shifted, injected or sublimed up into On composite.

For realizing the rotary system that the various system and method that the color of composite shifts included with heating, heating Press system, high-pressure kettle system, dyestuff injected system, linear color transfer system, vacuum drying oven and the matrix pigment colour of heating Coloured silk coloring.

The rotary system of heating

Include rotary heating roller in an illustrative embodiments and with reference to figure 1, rotation color transfer system 100 110th, tension band 120, the material volume for receiving color 130 and color transfer vector 140.Rotating color transfer system 100 is For color or figure to be applied to the continuous volume to volume process of material 130.Receive color material 130 can be fabric, cloth, Film or laminated material.Then film or fabric can be used to manufacture composite.For example, before finished composite material, film or fabric The volume of body can be run to set or inject color by rotating color transfer system 100.In the exemplary embodiment, material 130 can be coated or be pre-printed with advance face before the band pressing part feed by rotating color transfer system 100 Color.

In other embodiments, color transfer vector 140 can be film or paper.Color transfer vector 140 can pass through Rotation color transfer system 100 is fed and processed from expansion roller, and color or pattern are transferred into material 130, such as Film, fabric and composite.Therefore, tension band 120 contacts with the heating roller 110 rotated.In addition, material 130 and color transfer Carrier 140 is processed and rolled between rotary heating roller 110 and tension band 120 with being in contact with each other.Color can be by directly beating Print (online or offline) and be applied to material 130.Include coating or be applied to composite, film by color or pattern in line method Or on fabric or colour carrier 140, the part with pressing part as rotation color transfer system 100.Off-line method bag Include and color or pattern are coated or be applied on layered product, film or fabric or colour carrier 140, as single batch process A part, then it is set on the band pressing part of rotation color transfer system 100.In the exemplary embodiment, heat Rotating band 120 can be used online with lamination process.In addition, color can shift from color transfer vector 140.Showing In example property embodiment, vacuum is established between rotary heating roller 110 and tension band 120 in order to which color is injected and shifts.Can To produce vacuum as is known to persons skilled in the art using various methods.

In an illustrative embodiments, and as shown in figure 1, color transfer vector 140 near rotation heating Roller 110, and material 130 is closest to tension band 120.In other examples embodiment, material 130 is closest to rotary heating Roller 110 and color transfer vector 140 is near tension band 120.In an illustrative embodiments, material 130 and color Both transfer vectors 140 are the single rollers for having following feature：By rotating band process uncoiling as described above, process, then Rewind on each roller.

The press system of heating

Include according to an illustrative embodiments and with reference to figure 2A and 2B, the press color transfer system 200 of heating Two plates 210 or other similar crusts, for receiving the material and colour carrier 230 of color 220.In another embodiment party In formula, the press color transfer system 200 of heating also includes the booster layer 240 made of natural or synthetic rubber.As one Individual example, Torr Technologies or Airtech International produce suitable backing member rubber.Booster layer 240 At least one inside being connected in two plates 210 so that booster layer 240 is located between two plates 210 and and composite wood Material 220 and/or colour carrier 230 contact.In the exemplary embodiment, at least certain compressed capability of booster layer 240. Compression contributes to the additonal pressure being applied on two plates 210 and is transferred on material 220 and colour carrier 230.Various In embodiment, booster layer 240 can have one or more smooth minute surface, smooth mat surface and textures or The desired lustrous surface or texture that are combined to provide supplement colouring agent of patterned surfaces.

Include four key steps in an example process and with reference to figure 3, heat pressing process 300.First, by color Pigment/dyestuff is transferred in colored carriers, and it can include having skin covering of the surface or the composite wood on cloth surface on one or both sides Material, or transfer paper/membrane carrier (310) can be included.In various embodiments, film or cloth surface can be the one of layered product Complementary color or pattern, image or the design preprinted are introduced on side or both sides.In addition, transfer paper/membrane carrier can include pure color, One or more color patterns or printed pattern are to form image, design or picture.In addition, transfer medium can also include it is smooth Or textured surface, there is desired glossiness or smooth texture on the one or both sides of colored surface to assign surface Pattern.Second, color pigments/dyestuff transfer is positioned to contact with composite (320).3rd, apply heat and pressure to incite somebody to action Color, figure, texture or pattern transfer, distillation and/or injection material (330).Temperature is typically about 70 °F to about 650 °F, pressure Power scope is from the minimum value (being usually 2psi) that material tight contacts is kept to maximum 10000psi.The temperature and pressure of application Power depends on used specific colorants, the base material of colouring agent to be applied and desired lamination or the degree of consolidation.4th, Material, which is cooled to, makes finished product keep the temperature of flat or desired shape, and the coloured material of completion will not be damaged, Deformation or layering.Once system, which is in, removes temperature or less than temperature is removed, then from the press (340) of heating remove material and Color carrier.

In another exemplary embodiment, during the press color transfer system of heating also includes vacuum to increase this Pressure.Exemplary vacuum can be by the way that platen be enclosed in sealable vacuum chamber or by the way that layered product is encapsulated Produced in vacuum bag system.The vacuum applied can be in the range of about 5 to about 29 inches of mercury (Hg).Once apply Add vacuum, component is put into press so that pressing plate applies suitable during the configuration (profile) of heat cycles and cooling circulation When pressure distribution.

Implement vacuum be advantageous to help distil colouring agent into base material, reduce occur distillation colouring agent transfer temperature, from Any captured air or bubble are removed in material, and prevents oxidation at relatively high temperatures.If appropriate, material may be sudden and violent Ultraviolet or electron beam irradiation are exposed to, to solidify or solidify curable pigment or dyestuff.

High-pressure kettle system

Include rigidity according to an illustrative embodiments and with reference to figure 4A and 4B, autoclave color transfer system 400 Or the elastomer tool plate 410 strengthened and rigidity or the liner plate (caul plate) of elasticity optionally in vacuum bag 430 420.In various embodiments, tool palette 410 is typically the rigid plate with smooth surface, and liner plate 420 can compare instrument Plate 410 is thinner and/or submissiveer.Vacuum bag 430 by flexibility impermeable material be made, or can be it is flexible, can not The elastic diaphragm of infiltration.Or vacuum bag 430 can be sealed to the side surface or outer surface of the first liner plate 410.Vacuum bag 430 The usually nylon of 0.001 to 0.015 inch or other films sealed with adhesive tape or viscous high-temperature caulking material.Suitable bag Son and encapsulant include Airtech Securelon L500Y nylon vacuum bags and TMI Tacky Tape or Aerotech AT-200Y sealant tapes.If in addition, replacing vacuum bag using barrier film, barrier film is typically soft, high temperature resistant silicon rubber Glue, and generally there is the thickness of 0.032-0.060 inches.

Instead of directly printing or color is transferred to material, high-pressure kettle system 400 also includes the transfer of one or more colors and carried Body 440 and colouring agent receive material or layered product 450.Color transfer vector 440 is positioned to contact with receiving material 450, wherein Both are between tool palette 410 and liner plate 420., can for the embodiment with high pressure and high-temperature operation or with large area Permeable felt or nonwoven, through air material are wrapped on the top of liner plate, to allow air in 430 times free flows of vacuum bag Move to provide uniform compaction pressure.One example of suitable gas permeable material is Airtech Airweave10.Vacuum bag 430 Interior air is removed by vacuum tap 460, and the vacuum tap 460 produces pressure differential in system 400, with vacuum bag 430 Compaction pressure is provided on interior part.In an illustrative embodiments, vacuum bag 430 can be placed on pressurization autoclave In 470 so that the high pressure in autoclave 470 outside vacuum bag 430 is thus lifted to predeterminated level.Predeterminated level can be up to 1000psi environment atmospheric pressure is to provide compaction force, and the pressure under vacuum bag 430 is maintained at paramount less than 2 of about 29 English Very little Hg vacuum.

In an illustrative embodiments, heat is more prone in hyperbaric environment, and is advantageous to shift dyestuff Onto reception material 450.The temperature of autoclave can be set as predetermined heating rate curves, temperature is kept and cooling is bent Line.Typically temperature ramp is from the 2-50 °F per minute temperature range for changing to 70 °F to 600 °F, cooldown rate scope 2-20 °F per minute.For cooling curve, material, which is cooled to, makes finished product keep flat or in desired shape and cause Into coloured material without damage, deformation or layering temperature.Once system, which is in, removes temperature or less than temperature is removed, by material Material and colored carrier take out from autoclave and taken out from bag.In an illustrative embodiments, the transfer of autoclave color System 400 is very effective and is directed into composite material manufacturing process.

In an illustrative methods and reference picture 5, autoclave processes 500 include four key steps：

(1) color pigments/dyestuff transfer is applied on colour carrier, it, which can be included on one or both sides, has table Facial mask or the layered product on cloth surface, or transfer paper/membrane carrier (510).Film or cloth surface can be in the sides of layered product or two Complementary color or Preprinted patterns, image or design are introduced on side.Transfer paper or medium can include single in uninterrupted region Color, monochrome or multicolor patterns or the printed pattern of any color combination, to form image, design or picture.Transfer medium is also Smooth or textured surface can be included, so that surface has given glossiness, the light on the one or both sides of coloring Sliding textured pattern；

(2) color pigments/dyestuff transfer is placed to be contacted with composite (520)；

(3) heat and pressure and vacuum are applied to shift and/or inject or be sublimate into color, figure, texture or pattern Material (530).Temperature is typically about 70 °F to about 650 °F, and pressure limit is (usual from the minimum value of holding material tight contact For ambient atmosphere pressure) to maximum 1000psi.The temperature and pressure of application depends on used specific colorants, to be applied The base material of colouring agent and required lamination or the degree of consolidation；With

(4) being cooled to material makes end article holding flat or in desired shape and so that the coloured material completed The temperature do not damaged, deform or be layered.Once system, which is in, removes temperature or less than removing temperature, material and colour carrier from Removed in vacuum bag tool assembly (540).In various suitable embodiments, material can be exposed to ultraviolet or electron beam spoke Penetrate to solidify or set curable pigment or dyestuff.

Linear color transfer system

In an illustrative embodiments and with reference to figure 6, it is horizontal with pressure that linear color transfer system 600 includes rotation Machine 610, film or barrier film 620 and color transfer vector 630.Ring rotation band forms continuous process, and it can be to composite 650 and color transfer membrane or paper carrier 630 apply uniform continuous consolidation pressure, to keep being used for injecting or distil, color turns The close contact of shifting.Enough temperature are heated the material to carry out color infusion in pressurized, heated region, then will be compound Material and color transfer medium are cooled to the temperature for safely removing temperature equal to or less than composite.Linear color transfer system System 600 can be the continuous volume to volume technique for color or figure to be applied to composite 650.Receive the composite wood of color Material 650 can be fabric, cloth, film or laminated material.Then film or fabric 620 can be used to manufacture composite.For example, into The net of the assembling coiled material layer of product composite, film or the precursor of fabric 620 can be run by linear color transfer system 600 to set Put or inject color.In an illustrative embodiments, supplied by way of printer, coating machine or processor 660 Expect through before the band pressing part 610 of linear color transfer system, material 650 can in advance be coated by color or printed in advance Brush.

The composite of coloring then can optionally through one group of stack or knurling rolls 670, by smooth shinny or Lacklustre surface is applied on composite, or texture is applied into one or two outer surface.According to desired surface Finish, surface texture, band part from press composite outlet temperature or certain material, optional roller 670 can To be heated, cool down or place at room temperature.The typical operational speed range of composite net is 2-250 feet per minute.Pressure The band part of machine 610 and roller 670 can be set to predetermined gap or preset pressure to default roller gap, or by gap setting It is zero, and it is fully consolidated in the case where setting pressure is distributed to ensure with predetermined pressure.Typically gap setting scope is 0.0002 " to 0.125 ", typical pressures range are per the lbf of linear inch width 5 to 1000.Roller and it can be heated with system To consolidate and/or shift, inject or be sublimate into the one or both sides of composite material.The single lamination of composite can With by hand lay-up, by automated tape-laying or by the pickup of the robot of automation and placement operation, to untie, spread from roller volume It is located in composite web.Typical heating-up temperature range of set value is 70 °F to 550 °F.

In addition, the scope of typical heating-up temperature set point is 70 °F to 550 °F.

Such as the radiation-curable systems of E- beams or UV lamp array can be arranged online.One advantage of linear system is The component of unidirectional fibre lamination can be integrated into structure enhancing by it, by the application of colouring agent, various arbitrary internal or tables Face mask layer, nonwoven layer and textle layers are attached to the manufacturing process that a multistep is integrated, wherein basic unidirectional fibre lamination quilt It is converted into the coloring coiled strip of finished product.

Multilayer materials color is transfused

In an illustrative embodiments, multilayer materials color infusion can use the press color of heating to shift System (such as system 200) or autoclave color transfer system (such as system 400) are carried out.During any and with reference to figure 7, Multiple-level stack comprising multiple liner plates 710, barrier layer/air-permeable layer 720, colour carrier 730 and layered product 740 can replace The single stacking of composite and colour carrier described in system 200 and system 400.

Interval dyestuff is transfused

In an illustrative embodiments, composite, skin covering of the surface and surface fabric can also by batch dyeing or It is transfused and introduces color.In this process, the volume of composite, film or fabric by color medium or pigment saturation and is placed on With suitable for injecting color medium in container and exposed to suitable heat, pressure or vacuum distribution.Then will locate by this way The film or fabric of reason are introduced into lamilate.

Matrix pigment and pigment colored

In the alternative solution for dye sublimation/be diffused into fiber and braid, pigment can be added for unidirectional fine Tie up in the adhesive resin in layered manufacturing technique, it is unidirectional so as to cause the color for being used subsequently to manufacture composite to be injected Band.For example, the material being directly appended in adhesive resin includes but is not limited to titanium dioxide, carbon black, phthalocyanine blue, quinacridone Red, organic yellow, phthalocyanine green, deep yellow ochre, Ai Erkenuo are orange, Venetian red, umber color, Guinea green, ultramarine and tin ash.One In individual illustrative embodiments, coloring composite can use foregoing work as caused by the unidirectional fibre lamination using coloring Skill further colours, that is, the rotary system 100 that heats, the press system 200/300 of heating, high-pressure kettle system 400/500, linear System 600, laminated multi-layer color infusion 700 and/or interval dyestuff infusion.

Fiber and braid coloring-general attention item under the conditions of tensioning

In various embodiments, fiber or braid are under tension force during coloring.Think the tensioning during coloring Fiber is stretched to a certain extent, counteracts shrinking and eliminating adding for fiber colouring agent of addition per lineal measure for fiber Add weight.It is not intended to be bound by any particular theory, it is believed that control the intrinsic contraction of fiber by being tensioned during heating So that the minimum interference of the polymer chain extended in fiber.Tensioning can keep relative constancy, or coloring during coloring Period tensioning may change and (increase or decrease).In addition, the fiber stretched in advance can when being subsequently exposed to heat during coloring Can relax to a certain extent, it means that during coloring the tension force of fiber be likely less than apply before coloring it is pre-tensioner Power.

In a variants, fiber or braid are wrapped in around adjustable device and before coloring process starts It is pre-tensioner to arrive desired tension force (i.e. power).This expandable structure can include expandable tubular component, such as expansion cylinder, and it has There is a section circumferentially, described section for example, by having the function that the bolt of the big diameter of internal diameter (ID) than unexpanded section each other Dividually drive.This device is sometimes referred to as " being used for the expansion clamp that ID is kept ".The finer change of device can wrap Include ratchet mechanism, its by relative direction paired element (such as bar) promote, so as to increase this to the distance between, so as to increase Add the tension force being wrapped on fiber or braid thereon.Fiber or braid it is pre-tensioner can be numerically be less than fiber or Any horizontal tensioning of the breakaway poing of braid.That is, fiber or braid can be with pre-tensioner to its fracture strength Percentage (＜ 100%).For example, in order that the UHMWPE fibre stainings that tensile strength is about 3.6GPa, fiber are pre- at 20 DEG C The 1-30% of its fracture strength is tensioned to by equal to the pre-tensioner power to 36MPa to about 0.36GPa of fiber before coloring.Each In kind embodiment, fiber is at 20 DEG C around the pre-tensioner power to the 1-30% for being equal to fibrous fracture intensity of suitable device. In other embodiments, fiber is in 20 DEG C of pre-tensioner power to the 2-20% for being equal to fibrous fracture intensity.In other embodiment party In formula, fiber is in 20 DEG C of pre-tensioner power to the 3-10% for being equal to fibrous fracture intensity.By fiber on whole paper it It is preceding and carried out by expansion bolt or ratchet mechanism it is pre-tensioner before, dyestuff transfer paper can be placed on whole device On.In various embodiments, another layer of dyestuff transfer paper is placed on pre-tensioner fiber.Then, winding and it is pre-tensioner It is heated on the one or both sides of fiber with the assembling devices of one or more dyestuff transfer papers, so that colouring agent is from transfer paper It is middle to distil and be diffused into fiber.In other embodiments, it is fiber is pre-tensioner on tensioning apparatus, then by device letter Singly immerse in the dye reservoir of heating, until the fiber of tensioning is colored.

In another variants, fiber or braid are wrapped in the structure periphery expanded during coloring process, in this feelings Under condition, when coloring process starts, with little to no tension force increase when the tensioning of fiber or braid is since coloring process To the desired tension force in coloring process.When being heated above at least about 10 DEG C of environment temperature, this structure can be can survey Amount and the expansion of predictable speed.For example, when thermal coefficient of expansion (CTE) heating based on known aluminium, aluminum pipe or mandrel Diameter is expanded with known speed.When pipe to be heated to at least 10 DEG C of temperature rise during fibre staining, pipe (such as aluminium Pipe) the gradual increase of diameter cause to be wrapped in the tension force increase of fiber around pipe.

UHMWPE fibers, such asFiber, there is negative CTE.That is, the fiber of these types exists Shunk during heating.The CTE of UHMWPE fibers is about -12 × 10^-6/K.In view of this known contraction, it is preferred that expansion structure (such as metal tube) is chosen to have the CTE of substantially opposite fiber so that is raised when in the temperature that can at least occur 10 DEG C When, the contraction of expansion structure resistance or the elimination fiber during coloring process.For example, aluminium has 22.2 × 10^-6/ K CTE, because This can be seen that it offsets the desired order of magnitude of contraction of UHMWPE fibers during identical heating.The CTE of copper be 16.6 × 10^-6/ K, pure iron are 12.0 × 10^-6/ K, cast iron are 10.4 × 10^-6/ K, therefore the structure of such as pipe is pre- made of these metals Meter can be tensioned UHMWPE fibers in coloring process when at least 10 DEG C of temperature rise occurs.

In various embodiments, expandable structure is included by with about 5 × 10^-6/ K to about 30 × 10^-6/ K CTE's Managed made of material.In various embodiments, expandable structure is made up of glass, metal, granite, concrete or quartz Pipe.In various embodiments, metal is selected from aluminium, copper, pure iron, cast iron, silver, lead, nickel, palladium and stainless steel.In various implementations In mode, expandable structure is 20 times of glass, metal, granite, concrete or the quartz ampoule that ID is about wall thickness.The length of pipe Practicality is based primarily upon to select, for example, for apply at least one of heat, pressure, power and vacuum autoclave or other be The size of system, the scale (for example, how many meters of fiber is colored) of coloring process, the width of composite to be colored, pipe Cost etc..

Indirect coating for being tensioned fiber, the dye sublimation colouring agent with pure color and patterning color can be used to satisfy The business transfer paper of sum is as dyestuff transfer medium.Although these transfer papers are applied to the technique of small-scale, for production Using dye sublimation colouring agent can be applied directly to mould mandrel or processing by extensive coating method (such as intaglio plate coating) Equipment.

In various embodiments, dyestuff is transferred to the method for fiber, braid or composite to be included：A) by described in Fiber, braid or composite are wrapped up onto expandable structure；B) dyestuff is applied on transfer medium to produce through coloring Transfer medium；C) transfer medium through coloring is positioned to contact with fiber, braid or composite；And d) apply At least one of heat, external force, external pressure and vacuum pressure so that dyestuff is injected into fiber, braid or composite, To produce the fiber through coloring, braid or composite.The temperature of the process is generally in about 70 °F to about 650 °F of scope It is interior, and pressure limit is from the minimum value (being usually ambient atmosphere pressure) that material tight contacts is kept to maximum 1000psi. In preferred embodiment, the temperature of coloring process is near but below the fusing point of fiber.In various embodiments, through coloring Transfer medium is the dyestuff transfer paper for having in side dyestuff.In other embodiments, autoclave can with apply heat, power, Pressure and/or vacuum are used in combination.In various embodiments, expandable structure includes adjustable device, and it can be 20 Expanded at DEG C with advance that fiber is pre-tensioner, 1-30%, the more preferably 2-20% of the fracture strength of fiber before preferably colouring, or Most preferably 3-10%.In other embodiments, expandable structure is pipe, such as glass, metal, granite, concrete or stone English, it gradually expands when temperature raises at least 10 DEG C, is occurred with being tensioned fiber in coloring process and offsetting due to heating Fiber contraction.

In various embodiments, dyestuff is transferred to the method for fiber, braid or composite to be included：A) by dyestuff Transfer medium is put on to produce dyestuff transfer medium；B) dyestuff transfer medium is wrapped on expandable structure, leaves exposure Dyestuff transfer medium dye coatings side；C) fiber, braid or composite are wrapped in into whole dyestuff transfer to be situated between Contacted on the top of matter and with dyestuff transfer medium；And d) apply in heat, external force, external pressure and vacuum pressure at least one Kind is so that dyestuff is injected into fiber, braid or composite, to produce the fiber through coloring, braid or composite. In various embodiments, it is the dyestuff transfer paper for having in side dyestuff to colour transfer medium.In various embodiments, it is high Pressure kettle can be used in combination with applying heating, pressure and/or vacuum.In various embodiments, material to be dyed can be straight Connect and be wrapped on expandable structure (such as around metal tube or inflatable device winding fiber), or dyestuff transfer medium can be with It is wrapped on expandable structure, then fiber, braid or compound are wrapped in around dyestuff transfer medium so that dyestuff turns Medium is moved between expandable structure and fiber to be dyed, braid or compound.The temperature of the process is generally at about 70 °F To in the range of about 650 °F, and the minimum value (being usually ambient atmosphere pressure) that pressure limit contacts from holding material tight is extremely Maximum 1000psi.In a preferred embodiment, fusing point of the temperature of coloring process close to fiber.In various embodiments In, expandable structure includes adjustable device, and it can be expanded to be in advance tensioned fiber at 20 DEG C, before preferably colouring The 1-30% of the fracture strength of fiber, more preferably 2-20%, or most preferably 3-10%.In other embodiments, it may expand knot Structure is pipe, such as metal tube, such as aluminium, copper, pure iron or cast iron, its in heating process gradually expansion with coloring process Tight fiber, and offset the contraction due to adding pyrogenetic fiber.

In various embodiments, dyestuff is transferred to the method for fiber, braid or composite to be included：A) by dyestuff Transfer medium is applied to produce dyestuff transfer medium；B) dyestuff transfer medium is wrapped up onto expandable structure；C) by described in Fiber, braid or composite are wrapped on the top of whole dyestuff transfer medium and contacted with dyestuff transfer medium；D) exist Other dyestuff transfer medium is wrapped up on the whole fiber, braid or composite so that the side of dyestuff coating and fibre Dimension, braid or composite contact；And e) apply at least one of heat, external force, external pressure and vacuum pressure to incite somebody to action In dyestuff injection fiber, braid or composite, to produce the fiber through coloring, braid or composite.In other words, The fiber to be dyed, braid or composite can be clamped using two layers of dyestuff transfer medium, it is all these all with layer Form is wrapped on expandable structure.The temperature of the process is generally in the range of about 70 °F to about 650 °F, and pressure limit From the minimum value (being usually ambient atmosphere pressure) that material tight contacts is kept to maximum 1000psi.In preferred embodiment In, the temperature of coloring process is near but below the fusing point of fiber.In various embodiments, expandable structure includes adjustable Device, it can be expanded to be in advance tensioned fiber at 20 DEG C, the 1-30% of the fracture strength of fiber before preferably colouring, more It is preferred that 2-20%, or most preferably 3-10%.In other embodiments, expandable structure is glass, metal, granite, coagulation Soil or quartz ampoule, such as such as metal of aluminium, copper, pure iron or cast iron, when temperature raises at least 10 DEG C, its gradually expansion with Coloring process is tensioned fiber, and counteracts the contraction of the fiber occurred due to heating.

The exemplary process of fibre staining under tension force

In this embodiment, when both fiber and expandable structure heat together, the hot swollen of difference (and opposite) is passed through It is swollen that tension force is provided between.Metal is generally suitable for the structural material of the expandable structure used according to the inventive method, Wherein metal tube is preferable.In various embodiments, expandable structure includes the gold with any wall thickness, diameter and length Category pipe.In various embodiments, metal tube includes aluminium, copper, pure iron or cast iron.In various embodiments, expandable structure Include the aluminum pipe of the ID with about 20 times of wall thickness.In various embodiments, expandable structure is included with 0.5 inch of wall thickness 10 inches of ID aluminum pipes.

Fig. 8 depicts the expandable structure used in this embodiment.Pipe 890 is that have 0.5 inch of wall thickness and 10 inches ID aluminium mandrel.The fiber used in this embodiment isUHMWPE fibers.As described above, UHMWPE fibers have There is negative thermal coefficient of expansion (CTE), this causes fiber to be shunk when they are heated, and aluminium mandrel 890 has positive CTE, this Mandrel is caused to expand when heated.The comprehensive function of the contraction of fiber and the expansion of aluminium mandrel helps to prevent The fibre machinery loss of energy caused by the disturbance of the polymer chain configuration extended in fiber.

Before dye sublimation transfer paper is applied into the surface of aluminium mandrel, by using methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) or other The solvent wiping thing of solvent saturation cleans surface to clean mandrel to remove any oil or pollutant.Then using hand-held heating Air gun rinses MEK, and dye sublimation transfer paper is tightly wound around on the outer surface of mandrel, and dye sublimation side is outwardly directed, with Just it is used as the contact surface with fiber and braid to be colored.Pure color and the dye sublimation transfer paper of patterning are used to originally grind Study carefully, pure color is used when pure color is transferred into fiber or braid, and when the polychrome of color splits pattern along fiber or volume The transfer paper of patterning is used when the length of fabric applies.Transfer paper is fixed in mandrel with adhesive tape.

Once transfer paper is fixed in mandrel, mandrel is installed to using inflatable core chuck (core chuck) and opened On the up- coiler of power control, and by fiber or weave let-off mechanism (let off) of the bobbin installed in tension force.Then willBraid or fiber are wrapped on whole sublimating and dyeing paper with predetermined tension force so that each parcel of braid Closely winding be in close contact with the colored surface of transfer paper and it is adjacent but preferably not with adjacent braid or the parcel of fiber It is overlapping.ToAfter braid or fiber are completely wound around in mandrel, second dye sublimation transfer paper is wrapped up On fiber or braiding layer, dye sublimation transfer face is directed inwardly toward so that dyestuff transitional surface withFiber or braiding The outer surface of thing is in close contact, and paper is fixed with adhesive tape, is shifted to prevent rotation stop paper transfer in mandrel.By this way, fiber Or braid layer is clipped between dyestuff transfer ply of paper, wherein each dyestuff transfer ply of paper is arranged so that dyestuff side to be colored Fiber or braid.

The outer layer of transfer paper in mandrel is by one layer of 2 non-porous mil thickFilm covers, to prevent from colouring Agent gas in sublimation process fromFiber or braid migrate out.In addition, one layer of Airweave N-10 is used as Air-permeable layer.Then mandrel is covered with the mil nylon vacuum bags of Airtech 5, backing member is sealed to Airtech adhesive tapes.Will Below Airtech vacuum tap insertion nylon membrane vacuum bag.Vacuum tap is locked in position to be sealed against in nylon On bag film, and the vacuum hose for being connected to big displacement pump discharges air below vacuum bag.

27 inches of Hg vacuum is applied on packed component using liquid-ring vacuum pump, to check bag or sealing system In leakage.

The arbor assembly of completion is kept being placed in autoclave under vacuo.It is once true in mandrel in autoclave Empty tap is just connected to the in-house vacuum system of autoclave.With drying nitrogen by autoclave pressurization to 5psi to keep bag not move It is dynamic, and in autoclave heating process by vacuum exhaust under the bag in mandrel to air to keep atmospheric pressure in sublimation paper, To preventFiber has reached sufficiently high temperature so that colouring agent can be injected intoIn filament The too early distillation of dye sublimation colouring agent before.The temperature is near but below the fusing point of fiber, between about 275 and 280 °F.

Autoclave temp is risen to 275-280 °F of distillation transition temperature, and is maintained at the temperature, until heat-insulated instrument andFibrous layer reaches transition temperature.WhenWhen material reaches transition temperature, the pressure of autoclave is discharged, with Prevent pairSilk thread is caused to damage, while 28 inches of Hg vacuum is extracted out to trigger colouring agent under vacuum bag Distilled from dyestuff transfer paper and promote colouring agent to be injected intoIn fiber wire.WillFiber is in 275- Vacuum is kept for 15 minutes at a temperature of 280 °F of infusions, so that colouring agent is injected intoIn material.When stopping within 15 minutes Between at the end of, autoclave is cooled to 150 °F, while vacuum is maintained under mandrel vacuum bag.

Table 1：The autoclave cured program of fiber and braid sample

Fig. 9 and Figure 10 is the curve map of the data from table 1.Fig. 9 and Figure 10 provides the autoclave for colouring circulation Pressure arrangement under dye sublimation Infusion Time, temperature, autoclave pressure and mandrel bag.

Be transfused circulate at the end of, arbor assembly is taken out from autoclave, and by vacuum bag, breathable cloth,Film and transfer paper outer layer are respectively since aluminium mandrel removes.Check gained coloringFiber or braid Tinctorial quality and uniformity.

Mandrel is reinstalled on the up- coiler of tension force using inflatable core chuck, and by fiber or braiding Thing is rewound onto suitable core.Then the fiber through coloring and braid are carried out in the test laboratory suitably equipped Extension test.

For test, use what is controlled by Instron Blue Hill mechanical test Control ＆ data acquisitions system The universal test loading frames of Instron 5667.500 newton Instron weighing sensors are directed to a series of The Instron air-actuated jaws that fiber test is optimized are fixed on loading frame, and the clamping length of test fixture is arranged to 250mm.By coloringFiber and braid carry out test destruction in the case where crosshead speed is 127mm/min, each Load and displacement data are collected in sample test to calculate toughness and modulus.Using identical test setting and parameter by coloringThe test result of braid and fiber and uncolored (i.e. " former state ")Fiber and braid are compared Compared with.Compare coloring and it is uncolouredThe test result of fiber and braid, with assess coloring process to toughness and The influence of modulus.

Figure 11 be " receive as former state " state (i.e. before coloring process) it is rightThe table of the test result of material Lattice summary.Figure 12 is uncolouredThe toughness of material and the graph of a relation of elongation strain.

By contrast, Figure 13 be from the method being described just above obtain through coloringSurvey on material The form summary of test result.Figure 14 is through coloring from above-mentioned coloring processThe toughness of material and elongation strain Relation curve.The material used isFiber 1740dtex braids.

As a result

The average failure load measurement of the blue 1740dtex braids of imperial family is 89.1lbs, and corresponding mean intensity is 22.78cN/dtex.The average failure load received as former state in the uncoloured 1740dtex braids of lime color commodity is 90.9lbs, corresponding mean intensity are 23.24cN/dtex.Test result compared with comparing Figure 11 and Figure 13 in a tabular form, and Compare Figure 12 to Figure 14, to compare the toughness through coloring and uncoloured 1740dtex braids sample and the curve map of strain. When the exceptional value in test data is excluded, recalculate percentage strength difference drop to through colour braid stretching it is strong Degree is reduced to 1.1%.

According to test result, it is determined that the 1740dtex through coloringThe toughness of braid is than uncolored material (the white directly tested in factory's volume1740dtex braids) average toughness low 1.9%.To being compiled through coloring The inspection of the list data of the failure intensity of fabric is shown because holding error causes test sample in test #5 data The exceptional value of premature failure.If the exceptional value that #5 is tested in the test sample through coloring excludes from data set, The average failure intensity of tinctorial pattern product increases to 89.8 pounds, and mean intensity brings up to 22.95cN/dtex.When different in test data When constant value is excluded, recalculate percentage strength difference drop to through colour braid tensile strength be reduced to 1.1%.

The average modulus of 1740dtex braids through coloring is 126.67cN/dtex, actually than uncoloured white The average modulus (it is measured with 125.07cN/dtex) slightly higher 1.2% of 1740dtex braids.While not wishing to by any spy The constraint of theorem opinion, but this improvement of the modulus through colouring braid is considered as to be attributed to colouring to a certain extent The thermal finalization of caused knitted under tension thing and fiber-wall-element model during heat and pressures cycle.Extension test result in Figure 12 and Figure 14 Intensity and strain curve inspection tend to support due to heat setting assume and improve elongation.

It can be seen that having closer, more reproducible load/displacement relation through colouring braid, most having can Can be due to that the heat setting of braid causes.Table 2 is summarized according to methods herein " receiving as former state "Fiber is compiled Fabric and dyedThe mean intensity and average modulus of fibrous braid.

The mean intensity of table 2 and average modulus

1000,400 denierBuddhist nunYour fiber test result and compare

Imperial family is blue-coloredThe average failure load of 400 daniers (425 dtex) fiber is 28.23 pounds, its corresponding average toughness is 29.51cN/dtex.In uncoloured 400 danier (425dtex) of whiteIn fiber, the average failure load received as former state is 29.94 pounds, and corresponding mean intensity is 31.29cN/ dtex.Table 3 lists these test results in a tabular form.

Table 3：The mean intensity and average modulus of 400 denier fibers

Figure 15 and 16 is uncolored (Figure 15) and 400 daniers (425 dtex) through colouring (Figure 16)The toughness of fiber sample and strain curve figure.

Test result shows, 400 daniers (425dtex) through coloringThe toughness ratio of fiber is not The danier of white 400 (425dtex) of coloringThe average toughness of fiber (directly being tested in factory's volume) is low 1.5%.

400 daniers (425dtex) through coloringThe average modulus of fiber is 1098.04cN/ Dtex, than uncoloured white 400 danier (425dtex)(test is the average modulus of fiber 1115.07cN/dtex) lower slightly 1.5%.While not wishing to it is any particular theory, but through colouring the mould of braid This decline of amount be considered as be due to a certain extent stretched wire line pattern in fiber destruction caused by, this is due to silk thread The inhomogeneities of engagement and reduce measurement modulus.Toughness and the inspection of strain curve figure in Figure 15 and 16 extension test result Tend to the idea for supporting the tensile property through coloured fiber to decline the result for being the destruction of fiber stretched wire uniformity.Fiber stretched wire is equal This destruction of even property may also account for a big chunk through coloured fiber intensity decline 2.4%, and this will be reduced by as coloring Direct resultThe composition of intensity decreases caused by the hydraulic performance decline of material.

Multiple color is put on into braid indirectly using printed patterns dye sublimation transfer paper.

In polychrome illustrative embodiments, polychrome " water indigo plant/blackstreak/rainbow trout ash (Aqua Blue/Black is used Stripe/Steelhead Gray) " multicolour pattern dye sublimation transfer sample pair435 denier woven things are simulated Setline sample coloring.Coloring process causes the coloring that the fiber in braid is fully injected into.Design and color is in itself Seem to be highly suitable as the setline of camouflage, and may be suitable for needing other of blueness/grey camouflage color pattern should With.Due to the presence of the inhomogeneity of braid, inhomogeneities and defect and knot, braid is only used for colouring demonstration purpose, And the mechanical testing results of the braid sample are not reported.

On material, technique, method and the additional detail of manufacture, with reference to entitled " being used for of issue in 28 days November nineteen ninety-five The entitled of the United States Patent (USP) 5,470,062 of the composite of manufacture sail and other products " and August in 1994 distribution on the 2nd " is used to make Make the material of sail " United States Patent (USP) 5,333,568 and on June 24th, 2011 submit it is entitled " be used for manufacture flexible partition and other The U.S. Patent Application No. 13/168,912 of the permeable composite of waterproof of product "；These patents are whole by quoting Body is incorporated herein for any purpose.

The solution of benefit, other advantages and problem is described for particular implementation above.However, it is possible to Cause the solution of any benefit, advantage or the benefit of solution generation or any key element become readily apparent from, advantage and problem Certainly scheme is not necessarily to be construed as crucial, required or the necessary feature or key element of any or all of claim.As herein It is used, term " including (include) ", " including (including) ", " including (comprise) ", " include (comprising) " or its any other variant is intended to nonexcludability and included so that technique, side comprising a series of elements Method, product or device not only include those key elements, but can include these not expressly listed or other techniques, side Method, product or the intrinsic key element of device.In addition, the reality unless explicitly described as " required " or " key ", the otherwise present invention Apply and do not need key element as described herein.

Although applicant has described the preferred embodiment of applicant of the present invention, but it is to be understood that the present invention Widest range include the modification of such as different shape, size and material.Such scope only by with description above phase The claims below limitation of pass.In addition, according to foregoing description and following claim, many other advantages pair of the invention It is obvious in those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. dyestuff to be transferred to the method for fiber, braid or composite, methods described includes：

The dyestuff is applied to the side of transfer medium to produce dyestuff transfer medium；

By on dyestuff transfer medium parcel to inflatable device or expansion structure so that the dyestuff of the dyestuff transfer medium Side keeps exposure；

The fiber, braid or composite are wrapped on the whole dyestuff transfer medium；With

Apply at least one of heat, external force, external pressure and vacuum pressure, dyestuff is injected into the fiber, braid Or with fiber of the generation through coloring, braid or composite in composite.

Apply 2. according to the method for claim 1, being additionally included in heat, external force, external pressure and vacuum pressure at least Before a kind of step, make the inflatable device expansion with the pre-tensioner fiber, braid or composite.

3. according to the method for claim 1, wherein the expansion structure includes thermal coefficient of expansion 5 × 10^-6/ K to 30 × 10^-6Pipe between/K, thus apply at least 10 DEG C of temperature rise in the process.

4. according to the method for claim 3, wherein the pipe includes glass, metal, granite, concrete or quartz.

5. according to the method for claim 4, wherein the metal includes aluminium, copper, pure iron, cast iron, lead, nickel, palladium or stainless Steel.

6. according to the method for claim 1, wherein the fiber, braid or composite include UHMWPE fibers.

7. according to the method for claim 1, further comprise the fiber, braid or composite being cooled to so that The temperature of the fiber, braid or shape desired by composite holding.

8. according to the method for claim 1, further comprise by the fiber, braid or composite are applied to Few a kind of ultraviolet or electron beam irradiation solidify the dyestuff.

Applied 9. according to the method for claim 1, further comprising adding into the fiber, braid or composite Layer.

10. according to the method for claim 1, further comprise adding film into the fiber, braid or composite.

11. according to the method for claim 1, further comprise adding Buddhist nun into the fiber, braid or composite Imperial coating and polyurethane coating.

12. according to the method for claim 1, wherein the composite is at least one in non-woven fabrics and braided material Kind.

13. according to the method for claim 1, wherein the transfer medium is in transfer paper, transfer layer laminate or transfer membrane At least one.

14. according to the method for claim 1, wherein the dyestuff is applied to institute in the form of pattern, figure or logo State on transfer medium, and the wherein described fiber through coloring, braid or composite are respectively injected the pattern of matching, figure Shape or logo.

15. according to the method for claim 1, further comprise in heat, external force, external pressure and vacuum pressure is applied Before at least one, additional dyestuff transfer medium layer is added on the fiber, braid or composite.

16. dyestuff to be transferred to the method for fiber, methods described includes：

Dyestuff is applied to the side of transfer medium to produce dyestuff transfer medium；

The dyestuff transfer medium is wrapped on inflatable device so that the dyestuff side of the dyestuff transfer medium keeps sudden and violent Dew；

The fiber is wound on the whole dyestuff transfer medium；

Expand the inflatable device, with the 1-30% of 20 DEG C of fracture strengths by the fiber fiber Power；With

Apply at least one of heat, external force, external pressure and vacuum pressure so that dyestuff is injected in fiber to produce through coloring Fiber.

17. according to the method for claim 16, wherein the fiber includes UHMWPE.

18. according to the method for claim 17, wherein in the application heat, external force, external pressure and vacuum pressure extremely Step in few one includes being heated between 275 and 280 °F.

19. dyestuff to be transferred to the method in fiber, methods described includes：

The dyestuff transfer medium is wound on pipe so that the dyestuff side of the dyestuff transfer medium keeps exposure, the pipe Thermal coefficient of expansion 5 × 10^-6/ K to 30 × 10^-6Between/K and ID is about 20 times of wall thickness；

The pipe side on the whole dyestuff transfer medium is wrapped in the fiber；With

Apply at least one of heat, external force, external pressure and vacuum pressure so that the dyestuff is injected in the fiber with production The raw fiber through coloring,

Thus at least 10 DEG C of temperature rise is applied in the method.

20. according to the method for claim 19, wherein the fiber includes UHMWPE, and the pipe includes aluminium.