CN107425230A - 有效冷却的电池总成 - Google Patents

有效冷却的电池总成 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107425230A
CN107425230A CN201710280412.9A CN201710280412A CN107425230A CN 107425230 A CN107425230 A CN 107425230A CN 201710280412 A CN201710280412 A CN 201710280412A CN 107425230 A CN107425230 A CN 107425230A
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cooling device
battery
battery unit
battery assembly
assembly according
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CN201710280412.9A
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CN107425230B (zh
Inventor
艾伦·约瑟夫·吉尔伯特
克里斯汀·S·塔姆
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
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    • B60K11/02—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
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    • Y10S903/91—Orbital, e.g. planetary gears
    • Y10S903/911—Orbital, e.g. planetary gears with two or more gear sets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/951—Assembly or relative location of components

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Abstract

根据本公开的示例性方面的电池总成除了其他方面以外包括电池单元、至少部分地延伸穿过电池单元的冷却装置和连接到冷却装置的冷却剂歧管。

Description

有效冷却的电池总成
技术领域
本发明涉及电动车辆电池组的电池总成。
背景技术
减少机动车辆燃料消耗和排放的愿望是有据可查的。因此，正在开发减少或完全消除对内燃机依赖性的车辆。电动车辆是目前正在为此目的开发的一种车型。通常，电动车辆与常规机动车辆不同，因为它们由一个或多个电池供电的电机选择性地驱动。相反，传统的机动车辆完全依靠内燃机来驱动车辆。
高压电池组通常为电动车辆的电机和其他电负载供电。电池组包括多个电池单元，其必须周期性地再充电以补充为这些负载供电所需的能量。电池单元产生热量，例如在充电和放电操作期间。通常采用相对复杂的热冷却系统来管理由电池单元产生的热量。
发明内容
根据本公开的示例性方面的电池总成，包括电池单元、至少部分地延伸穿过电池单元的冷却装置和连接到冷却装置的冷却剂歧管。
在上述电池总成的另一非限制性实施例中，冷却装置是实心金属棒。
在任一前述电池总成的另一非限制性实施例中，冷却装置是中空金属管。
在任一前述电池总成的另一非限制性实施例中，冷却装置是金属台板。
在任一前述电池总成的另一非限制性实施例中，冷却装置延伸穿过电池单元的空隙。
在任一前述电池总成的另一个非限制性实施例中，电池单元包括内壁和外壁，并且内壁限制空隙。
在任一前述电池总成的另一非限制性实施例中，冷却剂歧管包括在冷却装置的第一侧上的入口和在冷却装置的第二侧上的出口。
在任一前述电池总成的另一非限制性实施例中，冷却装置包括接收在冷却剂歧管的螺纹开口内的螺纹端。
在任一前述电池总成的另一非限制性实施例中，冷却装置被容纳在安装到冷却剂歧管上的配件内。冷却装置和配件使用过盈配合连接。
在任一前述电池总成的另一个非限制性实施例中，冷却装置延伸穿过电池单元和与电池单元堆叠的第二电池单元。
在任一前述电池总成的另一个非限制性实施例中，电池单元是圆柱形电池。
在任一前述电池总成的另一个非限制性实施例中，电池单元是棱柱形电池。
在任一前述电池总成的另一非限制性实施例中，冷却装置包括板、连接到板的第一侧的第一心轴和连接到板的第二侧的第二心轴。
在任一前述电池总成的另一非限制性实施例中，第一心轴和第二心轴从电池单元内部的第一位置延伸到电池单元外部的第二位置。在第二位置处，第一心轴和第二心轴接触冷却剂歧管或热界面材料(TIM)。
在任一前述电池总成的另一非限制性实施例中，冷却装置包括设置在电池单元内部的板和附接到板并延伸到电池单元外部的热界面材料(TIM)延伸部。
根据本公开另一示例性方面的电池总成包括电池单元，该电池单元包括具有内壁和外壁的壳组件、容纳在内壁和外壁之间的电极组件以及延伸穿过壳组件的空隙的冷却装置。空隙由内壁限定。
在上述电池总成的另一非限制性实施例中，电池单元是圆柱形电池单元，并且冷却装置是实心棒或中空管。
在上述电池总成的另一个非限制性实施例中，电池单元是棱柱形电池单元，并且冷却装置是金属台板。
在任何前述电池总成的另一非限制性实施例中，冷却装置延伸穿过通过第二电池单元形成的第二空隙。
在任何上述电池总成的另一个非限制性实施例中，第二电池单元位于冷却装置上与电池单元相邻的位置，使得第二电池单元的正极端子接触电池单元的负极端子。
上述段落的实施例、示例和替代方案、权利要求或以下说明书和附图，包括它们的各个方面或各个特征中的任何一个，可以独立地或以任何组合的方式来实现。结合一个实施例描述的特征适用于所有实施例，除非这些特征不兼容。
通过以下具体实施方式，本公开的各种特征和优点对于本领域技术人员将变得显而易见。伴随具体实施方式的附图可以简要描述如下。
附图说明
图1示意性地示出了电动车辆的动力传动系统；
图2A和2B示出了用于电动车辆电池组的电池总成；
图2C和2D示出了图2A和2B的电池总成的冷却装置和冷却剂歧管之间的示例性连接；
图3是通过图2B的A-A截面截取的横截面图；
图4示出了根据本公开的第二实施例的电池总成；
图5A和5B示出了根据本公开的第三实施例的电池总成；
图6是通过图5A的B-B部分截取的横截面图；
图7示出了根据本公开的第四实施例的电池总成；
图8A和8B示出了根据本公开的另一实施例的电池总成；
图9A和9B示出了根据本公开的另一个实施例的电池总成；
图10A和10B示出了根据本公开的另一实施例的电池总成。
具体实施方式
本公开描述了用于电动车辆电池组的电池总成的各种实施例。电池总成包括一个或多个电池单元(例如，圆柱形、棱柱形或袋状电池单元)和至少部分延伸穿过电池单元的冷却装置。冷却装置被配置为传导地或对流地冷却电池单元。在一些实施例中，冷却装置是实心棒、中空管、台板(slab)或这些部件的某种组合。在其他实施例中，冷却装置连接到被配置用来传递冷却剂的冷却剂歧管，用于对流地冷却电池总成的电池单元。这些和其他部件将在本具体实施方式的以下段落中更详细地讨论。
图1示意性地示出了用于电动车辆12的动力传动系统10。尽管被描述为混合动力电动车辆(HEV)，但是应当理解，本文所述的概念不限于HEV，并且可以扩展到其他电动车辆，包括但不限于，插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)、电池电动车辆(BEV)和燃料电池车辆。
在非限制性实施例中，动力传动系统10是采用第一驱动系统和第二驱动系统的动力分配的动力传动系统。第一驱动系统包括发动机14和发电机18(即，第一电机)的组合。第二驱动系统至少包括马达22(即，第二电机)、发电机18和电池组24。在该示例中，第二驱动系统被认为是动力传动系统10的电驱动系统。第一驱动系统以及第二驱动系统产生扭矩以驱动电动车辆12的一组或多组车辆驱动轮28。虽然在图1中描绘了动力分配配置，但是本发明延伸到包括全混合动力车辆、并联混合动力、串联混合动力、轻度混合动力或微混合动力的任何混合动力或电动车辆。
在一个实施例中是内燃发动机的发动机14，以及发电机18可以通过诸如行星齿轮组的动力传输单元30连接。当然，可以使用包括其它齿轮组和变速器在内的其它类型的动力传输单元将发动机14连接到发电机18。在一个非限制性实施例中，动力传输单元30是行星齿轮组，其包括环形齿轮32、中心齿轮34和行星齿轮架总成组件36。
发电机18可以由发动机14通过动力传输单元30驱动，以将动能转换成电能。发电机18可以另外用作马达，以将电能转换为动能，从而向连接到动力传输单元30的轴38输出扭矩。因为发电机18可操作地连接到发动机14，因此发动机14的转速可由发电机18控制。
动力传输单元30的环形齿轮32可以连接到轴40，轴40通过第二动力传输单元44连接到车辆驱动轮28。第二动力传输单元44可以包括具有多个齿轮46的齿轮组。其他动力传输单元也可以是合适的。齿轮46将扭矩从发动机14传递到差速器48，以最终为车辆驱动轮28提供牵引力。差速器48可以包括能够将扭矩传递到车辆驱动轮28的多个齿轮。在一个实施例中，第二动力传输单元44通过差速器48机械连接到轴50，以将扭矩分配到车辆驱动轮28。
马达22还可以用于通过向也连接到第二动力传输单元44的轴52输出扭矩来驱动车辆驱动轮28。在一个实施例中，马达22和发电机18协作作为再生制动系统的一部分，在再生制动系统中，马达22和发电机18可以用作马达以输出扭矩。例如，马达22和发电机18可以各自向电池组24输出电力。
电池组24是示例性电动车辆电池。电池组24可以是高压牵引电池组，其包括能够输出电力来操作电动车辆12的马达22、发电机18和/或其它电力负载的多个电池总成25(即，电池阵列或电池单元组)。其他类型的能量存储装置和/或输出装置也可以用于为电动车辆12电力供电。
在一个非限制性实施例中，电动车辆12具有两种基本操作模式。电动车辆12可以在电动车辆(EV)模式下操作，其中使用马达22(通常不由发动机14协助)用于车辆推进，从而在特定驾驶模式/周期下消耗电池组24的荷电状态直到其最大允许放电速率。EV模式是电动车辆12的电荷消耗操作模式的示例。在EV模式期间，电池组24的荷电状态在某些情况下可能增加，例如由于一段时间的再生制动。发动机14在默认EV模式下通常是关闭(OFF)的，但是可以根据车辆系统状态或操作者允许的方式来操作发动机14。
电动车辆12可以另外以混合(HEV)模式操作，其中发动机14和马达22都用于车辆推进。HEV模式是电动车辆12的电荷维持操作模式的示例。在HEV模式期间，电动车辆12可以减小马达22的推进使用，以便通过增加发动机14的推进来将电池组24的荷电状态保持在恒定或近似恒定的水平。除了在本公开的范围内的EV和HEV模式之外，电动车辆12可以以其他操作模式操作。
图2A和2B示出了可以在电动车辆电池组中使用的示例性电池总成25，例如图1的电动车辆12的电池组24。电池总成25包括用于向电动车辆12的各种电力负载提供电力的多个电池单元56。虽然在图2A和2B中示出了两个电池单元56，但是电池总成25可以在本公开的范围内使用更多或更少数量的电池单元。换句话说，本公开不限于图2A和2B所示的具体配置。电池单元56可以沿着纵向轴线A相对于彼此堆叠以构成电池单元56的组，有时称为“电池单元堆”。
在第一非限制性实施例中，电池单元56是圆柱形锂离子电池。然而，本公开不限于圆柱形电池，并且可以延伸到具有其他几何形状(棱柱形、袋状等)或其它化学成分(镍-金属氢化物、铅酸等)的电池。在图5A、5B、6、8A、8B、9A、9B、10A和10B中示出了示出棱柱形电池单元的示例性实施例，并且在图7中示出了袋状电池单元的示例性实施例。
在某些情况下，电池单元56产生热量。期望管理该热量以改善电池单元56的容量和寿命，从而提高电池组24的效率。用于主动管理该热量的各种部件因此在下面描述的实施例中进行了详细说明。
图2A和2B的电池总成25包括被设置为穿过形成在电池单元56中的空隙60的冷却装置58。电池单元56可滑动到冷却装置58上。电池单元56和冷却装置58可以以过盈配合相互接合。在非限制性实施例中，冷却装置58完全延伸穿过电池总成25的每个电池单元56。换句话说，空隙60一直延伸穿过电池单元56。
每个电池单元56包括正端子(由符号(+)表示)和负端子(由符号(-)表示))。在另一个非限制性实施例中，电池单元56在冷却装置58上彼此上下堆叠，使得每个负极端子定位为邻近并接触相邻电池单元56的正极端子。因此，在本实施例中，汇流条不需要电连接电池单元56。
在第一非限制性实施例中，冷却装置58是由金属材料制成的实心棒(参见图2A)。冷却装置58可以用提供高导热性但高电隔离的热界面材料覆盖。在另一非限制性实施例中，冷却装置58本身由TIM制成。在这样的实施例中，由电池单元56产生的热量从电池单元56传导到冷却装置58。然后将热量释放到在连接到冷却装置58的冷却剂歧管62内传递的冷却剂C(例如，空气、与乙二醇或一些其他流体混合的水)。冷却剂C将热量从电池总成25导走。在替代实施例中，冷却剂歧管62是实心装置，其用作冷却板以散热。
在第二非限制性实施例中，冷却装置58是由金属材料制成的中空管(见图2B)。在使用中，由电池单元56产生的热量从电池单元56对流地传递到传递通过通道64的冷却剂C，通道64通过冷却装置58形成。冷却剂C将热量从电池总成25导走。冷却剂C从冷却剂歧管62的入口66进入通道64，并离开通道64进入冷却剂歧管62的出口68。换句话说，通道64流体地连接到可以在非限制性实施例中设置在冷却装置58的相对端的入口66和出口68。包括入口66和出口68的冷却剂歧管62是用于使冷却剂C传递通过电池总成25的闭环系统的一部分。虽然未示出，但闭环系统可以另外包括冷却剂储存器和冷却剂泵。
冷却装置58可以流体地连接到电池总成25的冷却剂歧管62，以提供这些部件之间的密封连接。从图2C和2D移除电池单元56以更好地示出冷却装置58和冷却剂歧管62之间的连接。在图2C所示的第一非限制性实施例中，冷却装置58包括插入到形成在冷却剂歧管62中的螺纹开口72中的螺纹端70。在图2D所示的第二非限制性实施例中，冷却装置58被接收在安装到冷却剂歧管62的配件(fitting)74内。冷却装置58和配件74可以具有使用过盈配合彼此接合的尺寸。冷却装置58和冷却剂歧管62之间的其它连接也在本公开的范围内。
现在参考图3的横截面图，每个电池单元56包括壳组件(can assembly)76和容纳在壳组件76内部的电极组件78。壳组件76可以包括内壁80、通常限定内壁80的外壁82，以及在内壁80和外壁82之间延伸以接收电极组件78的空间84。在该实施例中，内壁80和外壁82是圆柱形构件。有时称为果冻卷的电极组件78缠绕在内壁80上。冷却装置58穿过每个电池单元56的空隙60。空隙60定位为穿过内壁80的中心，并且因此，一旦冷却装置58被接收通过电池单元56，内壁80限定空隙60并且冷却装置58将电极组件78与冷却装置58分离。
图4示出了另一示例性电池总成25A。在该非限制性实施例中，电池总成25A包括多个电池单元堆99，每个电池单元堆99包括被接收通过多个电池单元56A的冷却装置58A。每个电池单元堆99安装到冷却剂歧管62A。该实施例示出了本公开的电池总成的可扩展性质。本文公开的电池总成可以被修改为包括任何数量的电池单元和任何数量的冷却装置，用于实现电池组24内所需的能量密度和冷却水平。
图5A和5B示出了另一个电池总成25B。电池总成25B包括多个电池单元56B和延伸穿过多个电池单元56B中的每一个的冷却装置58B。在该非限制性实施例中，电池单元56B是棱柱形的锂离子电池。
每个电池单元56B包括正端子(由符号(+)设计)和负端子(由符号(-)表示))。在非限制性实施例中，电池单元56B在冷却装置58上彼此并排堆叠，使得每个负极端子定位为邻近相邻电池单元56B的正极端子并与其相接触。因此，在该非限制性实施例中，汇流条不需要电连接电池单元56。
在另一非限制性实施例中，冷却装置58B是被接收通过电池单元56B的金属台板或板。冷却装置58B可以是用于传导地冷却电池单元56B的实心金属台板，或者可以是用于对流冷却电池单元56B的中空金属台板。
现在参考图6的横截面视图，每个电池单元56B包括容纳在壳组件76B内的壳组件76B和电极组件78B。壳组件76B可以包括内壁80B、大致限定内壁80B的外壁82B和在内壁80B和外壁82B之间延伸的用于接收电极组件78B的空间84B。在该实施例中，内壁80B和外壁82B是矩形构件。电极组件78B缠绕在内壁80B上。冷却装置58B穿过每个电池单元56B的空隙60B。空隙60B定位为穿过内壁80B的中心，因此一旦冷却装置58B被接收通过电池单元56B，内壁80B就会限定空隙60B和冷却装置58B，并将电极组件78B与冷却装置58B分开。
图7示出了另一示例性电池总成25C。电池总成25C包括电池单元56C和至少部分地延伸通过电池单元56C的冷却装置58C。在该非限制性实施例中，电池单元56C是袋状电池单元。电池单元56C包括壳组件76C和容纳在壳组件76C内的电极组件78C。在进一步的非限制性实施例中，一旦冷却装置58C被接收在电池单元56C内，电极组件78C就被卷绕在冷却装置58C周围。尽管未示出，但绝缘层可以位于电极组件78C和冷却装置58C之间，以将这些部件彼此电隔离。
图8A和8B中示出了另一示例性电池总成25D。电池总成25D包括在本实施例中被配置为棱柱形电池单元的多个电池单元56D和多个关联的冷却装置58D。在本实施例中，每个电池单元56D包括其自己的冷却装置58D。此外，与之前的实施例不同，电池总成25D的冷却装置58D仅部分延伸通过电池单元56D。
电池单元56D沿着纵向轴线A并排地堆叠以构成电池总成25D(参见例如图8B)。每个电池单元56D包括正极端子90D和负极端子92D。在非限制性实施例中，电池单元56D沿着纵向轴线A并排堆叠，使得负极端子92定位成邻近相邻电池单元56D的正端子90并与其接触。在另一非限制性实施例中，热界面材料(TIM)94D位于电池总成25D的相邻电池单元56D之间。
每个电池单元56D包括壳组件76D和容纳在壳组件76D内部的电极组件78D。电极组件78B可以缠绕在冷却装置58D上(图8B中最佳示出)。
每个冷却装置58D可以包括板86D和例如在板86D的相对端连接到板86D的心轴88D。在非限制性实施例中，电池单元56D的电极组件78D围绕壳组件76D内的冷却装置58D缠绕。在本实施例中，作为中空管的心轴88D从壳组件76D内部的第一位置延伸到壳组件76D外部的第二位置。在第二位置处，心轴88D中的一个连接到歧管入口66D，另一个心轴88D连接到歧管出口68D(参见图8A)。
板86D和心轴88D一起建立一蛇形冷却通道96D，用于将冷却剂C引导通过冷却装置58D，以对流地冷却电池单元56D。例如，在使用中，冷却剂C从歧管入口66D被引导到心轴88D中的第一个(图8A的左手侧)。然后冷却剂C被引导通过蛇形冷却通道96D，然后从心轴88D中的第二个(图8A的右手侧)离开进入歧管出口68D。随着冷却剂C沿着由蛇形冷却通道96D建立的路径循环时，来自电池单元56D的热量释放到冷却剂C中。
图9A和9B示出了用于电动车辆电池组的另一示例性电池总成25E。类似于上述电池总成25D，电池总成25E包括具有板86E的冷却装置58E和用于热管理由电池单元56E排出的热量的心轴88E。然而，在本实施例中，冷却装置58E不是对流地冷却电池单元56E而是传导地冷却电池单元56E。在该实施例中为实心棒的心轴88E延伸到电池单元56E的壳组件76E的外部，并且可以接触热界面材料(TIM)98。TIM 98E可以与另一结构接触，例如冷却板或其他散热器。
在图10A和10B中示出了另一示例性电池总成25F。电池总成25F包括用于冷却电池单元56F的冷却装置58F。冷却装置58F至少部分地延伸穿过电池单元56F。
在非限制性实施例中，冷却装置58F包括连接在板86F的相对端附近的板86F和心轴88F。电池单元56F的电极组件78F在电池单元56F的壳组件76F内围绕冷却装置58F卷绕(参见图10B)。在另一非限制性实施例中，冷却装置58F包括连接到板86F的TIM延伸部95F。TIM延伸部95F从板86F突出到壳组件76F的外侧的一位置，并且可以接触冷却板或其它散热器(未示出)。
虽然不同的非限制性实施例被示出为具有特定的部件或步骤，但是本公开的实施例不限于那些特定的组合。可以将任何非限制性实施例中的一些部件或特征与来自任何其他非限制性实施例的特征或部件结合使用。
应当理解，在几个附图中相同的附图标记表示相应或相似的元件。应当理解，尽管在这些示例性实施例中公开并示出了特定的部件布置，但是其它布置也可以从本公开的教导中受益。
上述描述应被解释为说明性的，而不是任何限制性的。本领域普通技术人员将理解，某些修改可能落入本公开的范围内。由于这些原因，应研究以下权利要求来确定本公开的真实范围和内容。

Claims (11)

1.一种电池总成，包括：
电池单元；
至少部分地延伸通过所述电池单元的冷却装置；和
连接到所述冷却装置的冷却剂歧管。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池总成，其中所述冷却装置是实心金属棒、中空金属管或金属台板。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电池总成，其中所述冷却装置延伸穿过所述电池单元的空隙。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电池总成，其中所述电池单元包括内壁和外壁，并且所述内壁限定所述空隙。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电池总成，其中所述冷却剂歧管包括在所述冷却装置的第一侧上的入口和在所述冷却装置的第二侧上的出口。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电池总成，其中所述冷却装置包括容纳在所述冷却剂歧管的螺纹开口内的螺纹端。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电池总成，其中所述冷却装置被接收在安装到所述冷却剂歧管的配件内，所述冷却装置和所述配件使用过盈配合连接。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的电池总成，其中所述冷却装置包括板、连接到所述板的第一侧的第一心轴和连接到所述板的第二侧的第二心轴，并且可选地，其中所述第一心轴和所述第二心轴从所述电池单元内的第一位置延伸到所述电池单元外部的第二位置，在所述第二位置处，所述第一心轴和所述第二心轴接触所述冷却剂歧管或热界面材料(TIM)。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的电池总成，其中所述冷却装置包括设置在所述电池单元内的板和附接到所述板并且延伸到所述电池单元外部的热界面材料(TIM)延伸部。
10.根据权利要求1所述的电池总成，其中所述电池单元包括壳组件，所述壳组件具有内壁和外壁以及容纳在所述内壁和所述外壁之间的电极组件，并且其中所述冷却装置延伸穿过所述壳组件的空隙，所述空隙由所述内壁限定。
11.一种电池总成，包括：
电池单元，所述电池单元包括具有内壁和外壁的壳组件；
容纳在所述内壁和所述外壁之间的电极组件；以及
延伸穿过所述壳组件的空隙的冷却装置，所述空隙由所述内壁限定。
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