CN107417955B - Method for grafting and modifying film by electron beam curing - Google Patents
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- CN107417955B CN107417955B CN201710598209.6A CN201710598209A CN107417955B CN 107417955 B CN107417955 B CN 107417955B CN 201710598209 A CN201710598209 A CN 201710598209A CN 107417955 B CN107417955 B CN 107417955B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/12—Chemical modification
- C08J7/16—Chemical modification with polymerisable compounds
- C08J7/18—Chemical modification with polymerisable compounds using wave energy or particle radiation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F118/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid
- C08F118/02—Esters of monocarboxylic acids
- C08F118/04—Vinyl esters
- C08F118/08—Vinyl acetate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F120/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F120/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F120/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
- C08F120/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F120/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F120/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F120/52—Amides or imides
- C08F120/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08J2323/06—Polyethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08J2323/12—Polypropene
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for grafting modification of a film by electron beam curing, which comprises the step of carrying out electron beam curing graft polymerization reaction on the film and a grafting monomer or oligomer. The invention has the following advantages: (1) the surface of the nonpolar polymer film is treated by adopting a grafting method, so that the surface of the film can be permanently changed, and the polarity performance and the printing performance of the surface of the film can be kept after the film is placed for a long time; (2) the adoption of electron beam curing does not need expensive photoinitiators, so that the cost of formula products is reduced; the residual photoinitiator and the photolysis product can not be migrated and volatilized to cause unpleasant odor, which is beneficial to the aging resistance of the material and can be applied to packaging materials of video, medicine and the like; (3) the electron beam has the advantages of strong penetrating power, high acting speed and the like, so that the distribution is relatively uniform when the surface of the non-polar base material is treated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of film modification, in particular to a method for grafting and modifying a film by electron beam curing.
Background
Polypropylene, polyethylene are the most common films used in food packaging. The poor direct printing performance of the film materials with non-polar surfaces is a difficult problem to be solved urgently in the packaging printing industry. Most of the surface treatments are carried out before printing, and the traditional methods mainly comprise chemical treatment, solvent treatment, coating treatment, flame treatment and corona treatment, wherein the corona treatment is most commonly used at present.
Corona treatment is an electric shock treatment which causes the surface of the object to be printed to have higher adhesiveness. The surface of the processed plastic body is subjected to corona discharge by utilizing high-frequency and high-voltage to generate low-temperature plasma, the ions enter the surface of the processed plastic body through the electric shock and the seepage to destroy the molecular structure of the ions, further, the molecules of the processed surface are oxidized and polarized, and the ions erode the surface through the electric shock, so that the adhesion capacity of the surface of the processed plastic body is increased. However, the corona method has several drawbacks: 1. the durability was not good and printing was required immediately after the treatment. In the storage of the film after surface corona treatment, a plurality of plastics have the decline of corona treatment effect, additives migrate from the inside to the surface and are factors for reducing the surface energy and influencing the adhesive force, and the negative influence cannot be completely inhibited; 2. the environment with high relative humidity has great influence on the effect of corona treatment.
The defect of corona treatment can be well avoided by chemically modifying the surface of the high polymer material by adopting grafting. Grafting refers to a reaction of chemically bonding appropriate branched or functional side groups on the macromolecular chains of the polymeric material, and the properties of the surface of the polymeric material are changed by adding the branched or functional side groups, so that the printing performance of the non-polar substrate is improved. In the existing ultraviolet light grafting, a photosensitizer and a monomer solution are coated on the surface of a polymer material, and then grafting reaction is carried out under ultraviolet light irradiation, so that a branched chain or a functional side group cannot be grafted on the surface of the polymer material which cannot be irradiated by the ultraviolet light, and the phenomenon of non-uniformity is easily generated on the surface of the polymer material obtained by the ultraviolet light irradiation. Gasifying a photoinitiator liquid in patent CN 103044701A, irradiating a photoinitiator gas by ultraviolet light to form free radicals, and enabling the free radicals to flow to the surface of a polymer material to form surface free radicals by carrier gas load; and gasifying the monomer solution, and carrying out grafting reaction by flowing the monomer-carrying gas to the surface free radical of the polymer material through the carrier gas. The method has certain improvement effect, but the operation is more complicated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for grafting and modifying a film by using electron beam curing, aiming at the defects of the prior art and the method. Directly introducing an electron beam curing mode, preparing a monomer or an oligomer into a solution by adopting a liquid phase method, and directly placing a film sample into the solution for photo-grafting polymerization; or coating the monomer or oligomer between two layers of film samples and then carrying out electron beam photo-grafting, thereby ensuring that the surface of the whole polymer material is uniformly treated, and the new surface is uniformly grafted and has durability, thereby fundamentally improving the printing performance of films such as non-polar base materials of polypropylene, polyethylene and the like.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for grafting modification of a film by electron beam curing, which comprises the step of carrying out electron beam curing graft polymerization reaction on the film and a grafting monomer or oligomer.
Preferably, the method specifically comprises:
s1, dispersing the film, the grafting monomer or the oligomer in a solvent, placing the solution in a light grafting reactor after the film, the grafting monomer or the oligomer are fully dispersed, and carrying out electron beam curing graft polymerization reaction after nitrogen is filled; or
And S2, injecting a solution containing grafting monomers or oligomers between the two films, and then carrying out electron beam curing graft polymerization reaction.
Preferably, in step S1, the weight portion of the film is 10 to 60 parts, the weight portion of the grafting monomer or oligomer is 1 to 30 parts, and the weight portion of the solvent is 100 parts.
Preferably, in the step S1, the mass concentration of the grafting monomer or oligomer in the solution containing the grafting monomer or oligomer is 10-40%.
Preferably, the film comprises at least one of a polypropylene film and a polyethylene film.
Preferably, the grafting monomer is at least one of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, acrylamide and vinyl acetate.
Preferably, the oligomer comprises at least one of low-viscosity polyester modified acrylic acid and polyurethane modified acrylic acid; the viscosity is 200cps or less. If the viscosity is too high, the resulting film may have poor uniformity.
Preferably, the solvent is at least one of chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, xylene and petroleum ether; in step S2, the solvent used in the solution containing the grafting monomer or oligomer is at least one of chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, xylene, and petroleum ether.
Preferably, in the electron beam curing graft polymerization reaction, the energy of the adopted electron beam is 100-300kev, the power is 2-50kw, and the action time is 5-60 s.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the grafting method is adopted to replace corona to treat the surface of the nonpolar polymer film, so that the surface of the film can be permanently changed, and the polarity performance and the printing performance of the surface of the film can be kept after the film is placed for a long time;
(2) the electron beam curing is adopted to replace the ultraviolet curing, so that a high-price photoinitiator is not needed, and the cost of a formula product is reduced; the residual photoinitiator and the photolysis product can not be migrated and volatilized to cause unpleasant odor, which is beneficial to the aging resistance of the material and can be applied to packaging materials of video, medicine and the like;
(3) the penetration depth of the electron beam is large, so that the electron beam curing can be used for curing not only thin surface coatings, but also composite materials with the thickness of several millimeters or even several centimeters, which is difficult to achieve by ultraviolet light curing;
(4) the electron beam has the advantages of strong penetrating power, high acting speed and the like, so that the distribution is uniform during the surface treatment of the nonpolar base material, and the phenomena of uneven grafting, uneven surface tension and the like which are easily generated on the surface of a polymer material obtained by ultraviolet irradiation treatment are avoided.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
The following examples provide a method for graft modification of a film using electron beam curing, including the step of electron beam solid-end graft polymerization of the film with a grafting monomer or oligomer.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, dispersing the film, the grafting monomer or the oligomer in a solvent, placing the solution in a light grafting reactor after the film, the grafting monomer or the oligomer are fully dispersed, and carrying out electron beam curing graft polymerization reaction after nitrogen is filled; or
And S2, injecting a solution containing grafting monomers or oligomers between the two films, and then carrying out electron beam curing graft polymerization reaction.
In the step S1, the weight portion of the film is 10 to 60 portions, the weight portion of the grafting monomer or oligomer is 1 to 30 portions, and the weight portion of the solvent is 100 portions.
In the step S1, the mass concentration of the grafting monomer or oligomer in the solution containing the grafting monomer or oligomer is 10 to 40%.
The film comprises at least one of a polypropylene film and a polyethylene film.
The grafting monomer is at least one of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate and acrylamide.
The oligomer comprises at least one of low-viscosity polyester modified acrylic acid and polyurethane modified acrylic acid. The viscosity is 200cps or less.
The solvent is at least one of chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, xylene and petroleum ether; in step S2, the solvent used in the solution containing the grafting monomer or oligomer is at least one of chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, xylene, and petroleum ether.
In the electron beam curing graft polymerization reaction, the adopted electron beam energy is 100-300kev, the power is 2-50kw, and the action time is 5-60 s.
Example 1: polyethylene film electron beam curing grafted acrylic acid
Placing a polyethylene film in a quartz glass container containing acrylic acid (containing 0.15% of polymerization inhibitor) solution (60 parts by weight of the polyethylene film, 30 parts by weight of acrylic acid and 100 parts by weight of solvent), compacting by using a glass sheet, opening a nitrogen valve, filling nitrogen for a period of time, then opening an electron accelerator, and acting for a period of time (5-60s) under the action of energy of 100 Kev and power of 20 kw. After the reaction is finished, washing with warm water, washing the unreacted acrylic monomer on the surface of the polymer with chloroform, and drying to constant weight. The polyethylene-grafted acrylic acid was obtained, and the specific grafting ratio was as shown in Table 1, and the surface tension shown in Table 1 was the result of measurement of the polyethylene-grafted acrylic acid obtained by the action of 60s at an energy of 300 kev.
TABLE 1
Example 2: low-density polyethylene electron beam curing grafted vinyl acetate
Taking two low-density polyethylene films, injecting a 20% vinyl acetate solution (pre-filled with nitrogen to remove oxygen) into the light-pressure film between the two films by using a micro injector to uniformly spread the reaction solution, placing the films on a quartz glass sheet, irradiating the quartz glass sheet by using an electron beam accelerator at a preset temperature (10-50 ℃) under certain energy, taking out the films after the reaction is finished, drying the films to remove unreacted monomers, and drying and weighing the films. Low density polyethylene-grafted vinyl acetate was obtained, the specific grafting ratio is shown in Table 2, and the surface tension shown in Table 2 is the result measured on polyethylene-grafted acrylic acid obtained by subjecting 60s to an energy of 300 kev.
TABLE 2
Example 3: polypropylene electron beam curing grafted N-isopropyl acrylamide
Injecting N-isopropyl acrylamide solution with certain concentration (nitrogen is pre-filled to remove oxygen) between two polypropylene films to be grafted, injecting the N-isopropyl acrylamide solution into a light pressure film between the two polypropylene films to uniformly spread reaction liquid, placing the film on a quartz glass sheet, irradiating the quartz glass sheet with electron beam accelerator at a predetermined temperature under certain energy, taking out the film after the reaction is finished, drying the film to remove unreacted monomers, and drying and weighing the film. The polypropylene was grafted with N-isopropylacrylamide, and the specific grafting ratio was as shown in Table 3, and the surface tension shown in Table 3 was measured from polyethylene grafted acrylic acid obtained by allowing 60 seconds to act at an energy of 300 kev.
TABLE 3
In conclusion, the grafting rate of the grafted film prepared in this example can reach as high as 38%, and the surface tension of each site of the grafted film is equivalent, which indicates that the grafting is uniform. And compared with the original film, the grafted film has higher surface tension and better printing performance.
The invention has many applications, and the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the invention. It should be noted that the above examples are only for illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for carrying on the graft modification to the membrane with electron beam curing, characterized by, including carrying on the step of electron beam curing graft polymerization reaction with graft monomer or oligomer film;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, dispersing the film, the grafting monomer or the oligomer in a solvent, placing the solution in a light grafting reactor after the film, the grafting monomer or the oligomer are fully dispersed, and carrying out electron beam curing graft polymerization reaction after nitrogen is filled; or
S2, injecting a solution containing grafting monomers or oligomers between the two layers of films, and then carrying out electron beam curing graft polymerization reaction;
in the electron beam curing graft polymerization reaction, the adopted electron beam energy is 100-300kev, the power is 2-50kw, and the action time is 5-60 s.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the weight portion of the film is 10-60 parts, the weight portion of the grafting monomer or oligomer is 1-30 parts, and the weight portion of the solvent is 100 parts.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the mass concentration of the grafting monomer or oligomer in the solution containing the grafting monomer or oligomer is 20-40%.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the film comprises at least one of a polypropylene film and a polyethylene film.
5. The method of any of claims 1-3, wherein the grafting monomer is at least one of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, acrylamide, and vinyl acetate.
6. The method of any of claims 1-3, wherein the oligomer comprises at least one of a low viscosity polyester-modified acrylic acid, a polyurethane-modified acrylic acid; the viscosity is 200cps or less.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the solvent is at least one of chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, xylene, and petroleum ether; in step S2, the solvent used in the solution containing the grafting monomer or oligomer is at least one of chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, xylene, and petroleum ether.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102108112A (en) * | 2011-01-18 | 2011-06-29 | 黑龙江省科学院技术物理研究所 | Pre-irradiation polypropylene graft copolymer and preparation method thereof |
| CN104861194A (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2015-08-26 | 北京廷润膜技术开发有限公司 | Production method of single-sheet bipolar membrane |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102108112A (en) * | 2011-01-18 | 2011-06-29 | 黑龙江省科学院技术物理研究所 | Pre-irradiation polypropylene graft copolymer and preparation method thereof |
| CN104861194A (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2015-08-26 | 北京廷润膜技术开发有限公司 | Production method of single-sheet bipolar membrane |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| "Polymerization of Acrylic Acid onto Polyethylene Film by Preirradiation Method. I. Effects of Preirradiation Dose, Monomer Concentration, Reaction Temperature, and Film Thickness";ISAO ISHIGAKI et al.;《Journal of Applied Polymer Science》;19821231;第27卷;第1033-1041页 * |
| "聚乙烯的表面光接枝改性研究进展";申屠宝卿等;《高分子化学通报》;20011231;第26页 * |
| ISAO ISHIGAKI et al.."Polymerization of Acrylic Acid onto Polyethylene Film by Preirradiation Method. I. Effects of Preirradiation Dose, Monomer Concentration, Reaction Temperature, and Film Thickness".《Journal of Applied Polymer Science》.1982,第27卷 * |
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