CN107416803A - The method that high pressure steam auxiliary diluted acid etching CNT prepares graphene nanobelt - Google Patents
The method that high pressure steam auxiliary diluted acid etching CNT prepares graphene nanobelt Download PDFInfo
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- CN107416803A CN107416803A CN201710818726.XA CN201710818726A CN107416803A CN 107416803 A CN107416803 A CN 107416803A CN 201710818726 A CN201710818726 A CN 201710818726A CN 107416803 A CN107416803 A CN 107416803A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
- H01M8/1013—Other direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/04—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses the method that a kind of high steam auxiliary diluted acid etching CNT prepares graphene nanobelt, it is that multi-walled carbon nanotube is placed in ptfe autoclave, vibration makes CNT be uniformly dispersed after adding certain density dilute acid soln, then hydro-thermal reaction is carried out, acted on using the auxiliary etch of caused high pressure steam in reactor, multi-walled carbon nanotube is cracked along longitudinal direction, form the graphene nanobelt of high quality.Preparation process of the present invention is simple to operation, it can be completed with a step, it need not be disperseed using surfactant, process contamination is small, the shortcomings of overcoming cumbersome process present in other method, seriously polluted, low yield, and the graphene nanobelt prepared has the advantages that fold is few, is not easy to reunite, the number of plies is few, yield is high, available for the anode material for preparing alcohol fuel cell.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to grapheme material preparing technical field, and in particular to a kind of high pressure steam auxiliary diluted acid etching carbon is received
The method that mitron prepares graphene nanobelt, it is that a kind of process is simple, pollutes small preparation method, and gained graphene nano
Band is a kind of good carrier, available for carrying fuel cell anodic nano-catalyst.
Background technology
In recent years, graphene caused the extensive concern of people, and its peculiar physicochemical properties have evoked people
Great interest.Graphene nanobelt（GNRs）As a kind of novel-section with unique electronic performance in grapheme material
Material, due to making have huge answer in its scene effect transistor with smooth edge, lesser width, wider band gap
Use prospect.The method for preparing graphene nanobelt reported in recent years has a lot, such as oxidation-reduction method, ultrasonic method, cracking carbon
Nanometer tube method etc..CNT method is wherein cracked because it can control the width and the number of plies of graphene nanobelt, in numerous sides
Show one's talent in method.
At present, cracking CNT method mainly has：1. using high-temperature calcination and then by some surfactants（PmPV）
It is ultrasonic in organic solvent (1,2- dichloroethanes), obtain graphene nanobelt；2. using transition metal as catalyst, etching carbon is received
Mitron and obtain graphene nanobelt；3. using strong oxidizer K2MnO4With dense H2SO4、KNO3With dense H2SO4Go to etch carbon nanometer
Pipe, make its produce defect so that CNT cracking open, formed graphene nanobelt；4. using vapor etching CNT
Method prepares graphene nanobelt（Such as patent " a kind of method that vapor etching CNT prepares graphene nanobelt（ZL
201210084629.X）”）.But method 1 needs high temperature, complex steps, used surfactant（PmPV）It is poisonous；Side
Method it is 2-in-1 into graphene nanobelt it is of low quality and yield is very low, and the discharge of excessive metallic particles will cause dirt to environment
Dye；The preparation process of method 3 is complex, and uses strong oxidizer and strongly acidic solution, adds cost and environmental pollution；
GNRs transverse widths prepared by method 4 not yet flatten completely, and the oxide group of belt edge is few, causes the water solubility of graphene ribbon
Difference.
The shortcomings that in order to overcome the above method, the present invention etch carbon under high pressure subsidiary conditions, using the acid solution of dilution
The method that nanotube and cracking obtains GNRs has that step is simple, mild condition, yield are high, pollution is small, the GNRs cracking of preparation
The advantages that degree is high, good water solubility, and the GNRs of gained is that have special construction and a kind of carbonaceous material of unique electronic performance,
It inherits many excellent properties of graphene, such as has excellent electric conductivity, good chemical stability, mechanical flexibility, pole
Big specific surface area.Meanwhile it is that the width of graphene is restricted to the accurate one-dimensional product that 100 below nm are obtained, its special construction
Caused edge effect makes it have adjustable property more more flexible than graphene and bigger practical value.Therefore, this is utilized
The quasi-one-dimensional GNRs of invention gained mutually winds the loose three-dimensional winding arrangement for interweaving and being formed, and is dispersedly grown in this structure
Pd nano particles, existing a large amount of spaces in made composite, be advantageous to the diffusion of electrolyte species, and scattered load
The specific surface area of nano-catalyst particles is big, and excellent catalytic activity and stably is shown in fuel battery anode catalysis reaction
Property.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of high steam to aid in diluted acid to etch the method that CNT prepares GNRs, its
Gained GNRs has special structure and unique Electronic Performance, the load by the use of it as anode of fuel cell Pd nanocatalysts
Body, the dispersiveness of Pd nano particles can be improved, increase its specific surface area and the contact area between electrolyte, so as to band
Carry out more avtive spots, and then there is efficient catalytic activity and stability to oxidation of ethanol reaction in fuel cell.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
The method that a kind of claimed high pressure steam auxiliary diluted acid etching CNT prepares graphene nanobelt, it is
Multi-walled carbon nanotube is put into ptfe autoclave, vibrated after adding dilute acid soln, makes multi-walled carbon nanotube point
Dissipate uniform, reactor is then heated to 200 DEG C, when making that saturated vapor pressure is up to 1500 kPa in reactor, the h of constant temperature 15, profit
Acted on the auxiliary etch of caused high pressure steam in reactor, multi-walled carbon nanotube is cracked along longitudinal direction, form high quality
Graphene nanobelt.
Wherein, the ratio between the weight of multi-walled carbon nanotube and the volume of ptfe autoclave are added（mNanotube/VReactor）
For 1 mg:5 mL.
The volumetric concentration of the dilute acid soln is 20 ~ 60 vol.%, and it adds the appearance of volume and ptfe autoclave
The ratio between product（VDiluted acid/VReactor）For 1 ~ 2:100；The dilute acid soln includes H2SO4、HNO3, any one in HAc.
A kind of prepared application of the graphene nanobelt in alcohol fuel cell is also claimed in the present invention, will be described
The anode material of alcohol fuel cell is made as carrier loaded Pd nanocatalysts in graphene nanobelt.
The preparation method of its anode material, which is included in palladium chloride solution, adds graphene nanobelt and ethylene glycol, then adopts
Pd/GNRs composites are obtained with microwave radiation technology reduction of ethylene glycol legal system；Wherein, the concentration of palladium chloride solution is 10 mg/mL；Stone
The ratio between the dosage of the addition of black alkene nanobelt and palladium chloride solution, ethylene glycol（mGNRs/VPalladium bichloride/VEthylene glycol）For 15 mg:1 mL:
40 mL；The power of microwave used is 800 W, reaction time 75s.
The present invention, which etches CNT using dilute acid soln combination high pressure subsidiary conditions and cracks the method for obtaining GNRs, to be had
Have can one-step synthesis, the advantages of simple to operate, yield is high, cost is low, and gained GNRs also have it is following several unique excellent
Point：1）GNRs is laterally flattened, bigger than surface, is advantageous to scattered load nano particle, improves the active surface area of nano particle；2）
GNRs width is controllable, the number of plies is few, interlamellar spacing is big, and the GNRs of accurate one-dimensional banding can be intertwined to form loose three-dimensional winding knot
Structure, containing a large amount of interstitial channels.This structure is advantageous to electrolyte and quickly spread in the composite；3）Prepared GNRs
Belt edge has more oxy radical, good water solubility, thus is advantageous to the load of reactive nanoparticles, easily prepares high activity
Composite.Therefore, the Pd/GNRs composites prepared using GNRs of the present invention are used as the anode-catalyzed of acetic acid fuel cell
With efficient, stable catalytic activity during agent.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the SEM figures of multi-walled carbon nanotube raw material and prepared graphene nanobelt, and wherein a is multi-wall carbon nano-tube
Pipe raw material, b are graphene nanobelt prepared by case study on implementation 1, and c is graphene nanobelt prepared by case study on implementation 2, and d is to implement
Graphene nanobelt prepared by case 3.
Fig. 2 is the TEM figures of multi-walled carbon nanotube raw material and prepared graphene nanobelt, and wherein a is multi-wall carbon nano-tube
Pipe raw material, b are graphene nanobelt prepared by case study on implementation 2.
Fig. 3 is the SEM figures of the Pd/GNRs composites prepared by case study on implementation 4.
Fig. 4 is following for the Pd/GNRs composite catalysis ethanol oxidation reactions of multi-walled carbon nanotube raw material and case study on implementation 4
Ring volt-ampere curve comparison diagram.
Embodiment
A kind of method that high pressure steam auxiliary diluted acid etching CNT prepares graphene nanobelt, it includes following step
Suddenly：
1）MWCNTs is put into ptfe autoclave, adds the dilute acid soln of a certain amount of volumetric concentration, fully vibration makes
MWCNTs is uniformly dispersed, and then seals reactor；
2）Reactor is heated to 200 DEG C, when making that saturated vapor pressure is up to 1500 kPa in reactor, the h of isothermal reaction 15, utilized
The auxiliary etch effect of caused high pressure steam, makes MWCNTs be opened along longitudinal direction cracking in reactor；
3）Reaction is centrifuged after terminating, and obtains black product, and then product is washed with deionized to neutrality, vacuum drying, shape
Into cracking degree height, the GNRs of good water solubility.
Wherein, MWCNTs raw materials used are simple substance C, and its mass fraction is more than 95%, its weight and ptfe autoclave
The ratio between volume（mMWCNTs/VReactor）For 1 mg:5 mL.
The volumetric concentration of the dilute acid soln added is 20 ~ 60 vol.%, and it adds volume and ptfe autoclave
The ratio between volume（VDiluted acid/VReactor）For 1 ~ 2:100；The dilute acid soln includes H2SO4、HNO3, any one in HAc.
Use graphene nanobelt of the present invention prepare the methods of Pd/GNRs composites for：Weigh appropriate GNRs and be placed in circle
In the flask of bottom, the palladium chloride solution of appropriate volume is added, is uniformly mixed, then add the ethylene glycol of certain volume, set
Microwave power is 800 W, heating response 75s, is then centrifuged for isolating product, supersound washing is carried out with absolute ethyl alcohol, through vacuum
Pd/GNRs composites are obtained after drying.
Wherein, the concentration of palladium chloride solution is 10 mg/mL；The addition of graphene nanobelt and palladium chloride solution, second two
The ratio between dosage of alcohol（mGNRs/VPalladium bichloride/VEthylene glycol）For 15 mg:1 mL:40 mL.
For the more detailed description present invention, the H for adding various concentrations is as follows2SO4Weak solution prepares GNRs tool
Body case study on implementation, but the present invention is not limited only to this.
Case study on implementation 1
Take 5 mg MWCNTs be placed in volume be 25 mL ptfe autoclave in, add in a kettle 200 μ L go from
Sub- water and the 50 dense H of μ L2SO4（Then H2SO4The volumetric concentration c of weak solutionvol%For 20 vol.%, itself and ptfe autoclave
Volume ratio VH2SO4/VReactorFor 1:100）, oscillating reactions kettle, promote MWCNTs to disperse, then reached in 200 DEG C, saturated vapor pressure
Under the conditions of 1500 kPa, 15h is reacted, is acted on using the auxiliary etch of caused high pressure steam in reactor, makes MWCNTs edges
Longitudinal cracking；Reaction centrifuges out product after terminating, and is washed with deionized to washing efflux in neutrality（pH=7.0）, warp
GNRs is prepared after vacuum drying.
Using field emission scanning electron microscope（SEM, HITACHIS-4800）Observation gained GNRs pattern, its result
See Fig. 1（b）.The existing GNRs to have ftractureed in product as we can see from the figure, also has the uncracked MWCNTs in part, illustrates volume
Concentration cvol%For 20 vol.% H2SO4Weak solution fails etching cracking MWCNTs completely.
Case study on implementation 2
Take 5 mg MWCNTs be placed in volume be 25 mL ptfe autoclave in, add in a kettle 200 μ L go from
Sub- water and the 200 dense H of μ L2SO4（Then H2SO4The volumetric concentration c of weak solutionvol%For 50 vol.%, itself and ptfe autoclave
Volume ratio VH2SO4/VReactorFor 1.6:100）, oscillating reactions kettle, promote MWCNTs to disperse, then in 200 DEG C, saturated vapor pressure
Up under the conditions of 1500 kPa, 15h is reacted, is acted on using the auxiliary etch of caused high pressure steam in reactor, makes MWCNTs
Along longitudinal cracking；Reaction centrifuges out product after terminating, and is washed with deionized to washing efflux in neutrality（pH=7.0）,
GNRs is prepared after vacuum dried.
Using field emission scanning electron microscope（SEM, HITACHIS-4800）Observation gained GNRs pattern, its result
See Fig. 1（c）.The GNRs of instant of complete cracking as we can see from the figure.
Using Flied emission transmission electron microscope（TEM, TECNAI G2F20）GNRs pattern is further looked at, its result
See Fig. 2（b）.Instant of complete cracking and the GNRs flattened as we can see from the figure, and the GNRs number of plies is less, illustrates volumetric concentration
cvol%For 50 vol.% H2SO4Weak solution can etch cracking MWCNTs completely.
Case study on implementation 3
Take 5 mg MWCNTs be placed in volume be 25 mL ptfe autoclave in, add in a kettle 200 μ L go from
Sub- water and the 300 dense H of μ L2SO4（Then H2SO4The volumetric concentration c of weak solutionvol%For 60 vol.%, itself and ptfe autoclave
Volume ratio VH2SO4/VReactorFor 2:100）, oscillating reactions kettle, promote MWCNTs to disperse, then reached in 200 DEG C, saturated vapor pressure
Under the conditions of 1500 kPa, 15h is reacted, is acted on using the auxiliary etch of caused high pressure steam in reactor, makes MWCNTs edges
Longitudinal cracking；Reaction centrifuges out product after terminating, and is washed with deionized to washing efflux in neutrality（pH=7.0）, warp
GNRs is prepared after vacuum drying.
Using field emission scanning electron microscope（SEM, HITACHIS-4800）Observation prepares gained GNRs pattern, its
As a result Fig. 1 is seen（d）.60 vol.% H as we can see from the figure2SO4The excessive concentration of solution, except GNRs in product, also observe
Graphene nanometer sheet is generated to oxidation.
Case study on implementation 4
The GNRs that 15 mg case study on implementation 2 are prepared is weighed, is placed in round-bottomed flask, adds 1 mL, 10 mg/mL chlorine
Change palladium solution, be uniformly mixed, then add 40 mL ethylene glycol, setting microwave power is 800 W, heating response 75s, so
After centrifuge out product, carry out supersound washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, Pd/GNRs composites obtained after vacuum dried.
Using field emission scanning electron microscope（SEM, HITACHIS-4800）Observation prepares gained Pd/GNRs composite woods
The pattern of material, its result are shown in Fig. 3.It can be seen that the GNRs of accurate one-dimensional banding is intertwined to form loose three-dimensional winding knot
Structure.
The catalytic performance of gained Pd/GNRs composites is detected, and with Pd/MWCNTs composites and Pd/
GNRs(H2O) composite（GNRs (H used2O) prepared by ZL 201210084629.X methods describeds）Contrasted.Its
Method of testing is：Composite is coated in glass-carbon electrode（Work area is 0.071cm2）On be fabricated to working electrode, with AgCl/
Ag electrodes are reference electrode, and using platinum electrode as to electrode, the circulation that catalysis acetic acid oxidation reaction is tested using three-electrode system is lied prostrate
Pacify curve, electrolyte is 1 molL-1The molL of ethanol+1-1KOH mixed solutions, sweep speed are 50 mV s-1.As a result
See Fig. 4.It can be seen that using the current density that GNRs is the composite of carrier in catalysis ethanol oxidation reaction apparently higher than
Composite using MWCNTs as carrier, and the oxidation peak current density highest of the Pd/GNRs composites prepared by the present invention,
Illustrate that the GNRs prepared by the present invention is more flattened, and there are more oxy radical, good water solubility in edge, thus be advantageous to Pd etc.
The load of reactive nanoparticles, and can have higher catalytic activity.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all equivalent changes done according to scope of the present invention patent with
Modification, it should all belong to the covering scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method that high pressure steam auxiliary diluted acid etching CNT prepares graphene nanobelt, it is characterised in that：To be more
Wall carbon nano tube is put into ptfe autoclave, is vibrated after adding dilute acid soln, makes multi-walled carbon nanotube scattered equal
It is even, reactor is then heated to 200 DEG C, when making that saturated vapor pressure is up to 1500 kPa in reactor, the h of constant temperature 15, using anti-
Answer the auxiliary etch of caused high pressure steam in kettle to act on, multi-walled carbon nanotube is cracked along longitudinal direction, form the graphite of high quality
Alkene nanobelt.
2. the method for graphene nanobelt is prepared according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Added multi-walled carbon nanotube
The ratio between volume of weight and ptfe autoclave is 1:5 mg/mL.
3. the method for graphene nanobelt is prepared according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The volume of the dilute acid soln is dense
Spend for 20 ~ 60 vol.%, it is 1 ~ 2 that it, which adds the ratio between volume of volume and ptfe autoclave,:100；
The dilute acid soln includes H2SO4、HNO3, any one in HAc.
4. a kind of application of the graphene nanobelt in alcohol fuel cell made from method as claimed in claim 3, its feature
It is：Using the graphene nanobelt as carrier loaded Pd nanocatalysts, the anode material of alcohol fuel cell is made.
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| CN108383110A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-08-10 | 天津大学 | A kind of preparation method of fluorinated graphene nanobelt |
| CN109411741A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-03-01 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | A kind of composite negative pole material and its preparation method and application |
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| CN102616770A (en) * | 2012-03-28 | 2012-08-01 | 福州大学 | Method for preparing grapheme nano belts by etching carbon nano tubes through water vapor |
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| CN109411741A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-03-01 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | A kind of composite negative pole material and its preparation method and application |
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