CN107415363A - 一种防潮型的硅酸铝纤维耐火毡 - Google Patents
一种防潮型的硅酸铝纤维耐火毡 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于耐火材料技术领域，具体公开了一种防潮型的硅酸铝纤维耐火毡，将硅酸铝纤维毡置于防潮浆液中浸渍后干燥，再在两侧分别连接耐热层，然后置于防潮浆液中再次浸渍并干燥而成，硅酸铝纤维毡经改性硅酸铝纤维编织而成，改性硅酸铝纤维由高岭土粉体、氧化铝、钛白粉、分散剂、聚氨基甲酸酯、抗氧化剂、硅烷偶联剂、磷酸铝粘结剂、水制成。防潮浆液由马尾藻炭化物、分子筛活化粉、纳米锆溶胶制成。本发明的硅酸铝纤维耐火毡具有良好的吸湿防潮能力，避免耐火毡受潮导致各粘层之间分离或毡体腐烂而影响使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于耐火材料技术领域，具体涉及一种防潮型的硅酸铝纤维耐火毡。
背景技术
耐火毡为以耐火纤维为原料、加入结合剂后经加压成型制成的隔热耐火纤维制品，根据使用结合剂的品种和生产工艺不同，可以分为耐火纤维湿法毡、耐火纤维干法毡以及耐火纤维湿毡，可以用于各种热工装备的绝热保温、各种工业窑炉、锅炉、石化裂解炉的内衬，以及热力管道绝热保温、高层建筑隔热保温、吸音、防火。耐火毡虽然可以起到耐火保温的效果，但是耐火毡平时使用或存放过程中容易受潮，导致耐火毡的各粘合层之间发生分裂，同时耐火毡容易滋生细菌腐烂，影响耐火毡的使用效果与使用寿命。中国专利2010105805583，专利名称一种耐火隔热湿毡及其生产工艺，申请日期2012年12月9日公开了由无机纤维毯毡与无机粘合剂制备的耐火隔热湿毡以及制备方法，湿毡方便弯曲，湿态强度好，但是没有解决耐火毡容易受潮的问题。
发明内容
针对耐火毡容易受潮造成各层之间分离或毡体腐烂影响使用的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种防潮型的硅酸铝纤维耐火毡，具有良好的吸湿防潮能力，避免耐火毡受潮导致各粘层之间分离或毡体腐烂而影响使用。
本发明提供如下的技术方案：
一种防潮型的硅酸铝纤维耐火毡，所述硅酸铝纤维耐火毡以硅酸铝纤维毡为基体，将硅酸铝纤维毡置于防潮浆液中浸渍后干燥，再在两侧分别连接耐热层，然后置于防潮浆液中再次浸渍并干燥而成。
作为本发明方法的一种改进，硅酸铝纤维毡经改性硅酸铝纤维编织而成，所述改性硅酸铝纤维由以下重量份的组份制备而成：高岭土粉体100～130份、氧化铝5～9份、钛白粉3～6份、分散剂6～10份、聚氨基甲酸酯12～16份、抗氧化剂1～2份、硅烷偶联剂3～7份、磷酸铝粘结剂4～8份、水220～300份。
作为本发明方法的一种改进，所述改性硅酸铝纤维经以下过程制备而成：（1）向水中加入高岭土粉体、氧化铝、钛白粉、磷酸铝粘结剂制成悬浮浆液；（2）添加磷酸调节悬浮浆液的pH值至4～6，加热至40～50℃保持16～24小时；（3）向悬浮浆液中加入硅烷偶联剂、聚氨基甲酸酯、分散剂、抗氧化剂搅匀得混合浆液；（4）加热混合浆液至200～250℃得到熔融料液，经纺丝得到改性硅酸铝纤维。
作为本发明方法的一种改进，所述高岭土粉体研磨后经800～1000目的筛网过筛，再经600～800 ℃煅烧2～4小时处理后使用。
作为本发明方法的一种改进，所述防潮浆液由以下过程制成：分别研磨马尾藻炭化物、分子筛活化粉后经600～1000目筛网过筛，将重量份的马尾藻炭化物24～30份、分子筛活化粉12～15份与纳米锆溶胶10～16份、水200～300份混匀制成防潮浆液。
作为本发明方法的一种改进，马尾藻炭化物经以下过程制备而成：将干燥的马尾藻碾碎成粉末，置于持续通入氮气的马弗炉中以2～4℃/min的速率升温至300～400℃，保温2～5小时，然后将马弗炉置于真空状态，以8～10℃/min的速率升温至600～700 ℃，保温2～3小时，自然冷却后取出即得马尾藻炭化物。
作为本发明方法的一种改进，所述耐热层由石棉纤维与改性硅酸铝纤维按质量比为100:31～47混编而成。
作为本发明方法的一种改进，所述硅酸铝纤维耐火毡由以下过程制备而成：将硅酸铝纤维毡置于20～30℃的防潮浆液中浸泡4～7小时，再置于通风环境中阶段保温干燥，然后经高硅氧玻璃纤维与耐热层缝接，再次置于20～30℃的防潮浆液中浸泡4～7小时，然后置于通风环境中阶段保温干燥，通风速率为3～6m/s，各保温阶段的温度分别为：300℃/60～90分钟、500℃/2～4小时、700℃/60～90分钟，然后自然降温。
本发明的硅酸铝纤维耐火毡以改性硅酸铝纤维编织的硅酸铝纤维毡为基体，经防潮浆液浸渍后干燥，再在两侧分别连接耐热层，然后置于防潮浆液中再次浸渍干燥而成。首先改性硅酸铝纤维中以高岭土粉体、氧化铝、钛白粉为无机耐火材料，耐火性能高，同时添加聚氨酯甲酸酯改性增强防潮性能。聚氨酯甲酸酯在钛白粉分散作用下与高岭土粉体充分混匀，并在硅烷偶联剂的作用下在高岭土粉体表面形成交联网状层的泡沫结构，具有良好的防水性能，防止水分对硅酸铝纤维毡的渗入。同时聚氨酯甲酸酯本身具有的粘结特性强化改性硅酸铝纤维的强度。其次硅酸铝纤维毡在防潮浆液中浸渍后在两侧形成防潮浸渍层，防潮浆液中的马尾藻炭化物经高温隔氧炭化后形成大量的吸附孔结构，可以吸附水及水汽并存储，在硅酸铝纤维耐火毡高温使用时逸出干燥，避免水分对硅酸铝纤维毡的侵袭，分子筛粉末进一步强化马尾藻炭化物的吸附效果。再次在浸渍后的硅酸铝纤维毡两侧连接耐热层，耐热层中的石棉纤维、改性硅酸铝纤维可以强化硅酸铝纤维毡的防水侵能力，并与再次浸渍防潮浆液形成的防潮浸渍层加强硅酸铝纤维毡的防潮能力，形成多层防潮防护，使本发明的硅酸铝纤维耐火毡具有良好的吸湿防潮能力，避免耐火毡受潮导致各粘层间分离或毡体腐烂而影响使用。
本发明的有益效果如下：
本发明的硅酸铝纤维耐火毡具有良好的吸湿防潮能力，避免耐火毡受潮导致各粘层之间分离或毡体腐烂而影响使用。
具体实施方式
下面就本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明。
如无特别说明，本发明中所采用的原料均可从市场上购得或是本领域常用的，如无特别说明，下述实施例中的方法均为本领域的常规方法。
实施例1
一种防潮型的硅酸铝纤维耐火毡，以硅酸铝纤维毡为基体，将硅酸铝纤维毡置于防潮浆液中浸渍后干燥，再在两侧分别连接耐热层，然后置于防潮浆液中再次浸渍并干燥而成。
其中硅酸铝纤维毡优选经改性硅酸铝纤维编织而成；防潮浆液优选由以下过程制成：分别研磨马尾藻炭化物、分子筛活化粉后经800目筛网过筛，将马尾藻炭化物24g、分子筛活化粉12g与纳米锆溶胶10g、水200g混匀制成防潮浆液；耐热层优选由石棉纤维与改性硅酸铝纤维按质量比为100:31混编而成。
改性硅酸铝纤维优优选的制备过程如下：（1）研磨高岭土粉体后经800目的筛网过筛，然后经600 ℃煅烧2小时；（2）向220g水中加入高岭土粉体100g、氧化铝5g、钛白粉3g、磷酸铝粘结剂4g制成悬浮浆液；（3）添加磷酸调节悬浮浆液的pH值至4，加热至40℃保持16小时；（4）向悬浮浆液中加入硅烷偶联剂3g、聚氨基甲酸酯12g、分散剂6g、抗氧化剂1g搅匀得混合浆液；（5）加热混合浆液至200℃得到熔融料液，置于纺丝装置中以120m/min的速率纺丝得到改性硅酸铝纤维。
马尾藻炭化物优选经以下过程制备而成：将干燥的马尾藻碾碎成粉末，置于持续通入氮气的马弗炉中以2℃/min的速率升温至300℃，保温2小时，然后将马弗炉置于真空状态，以8℃/min的速率升温至600 ℃，保温2小时，自然冷却后取出即得马尾藻炭化物。
硅酸铝纤维耐火毡优选由以下过程制备而成：将硅酸铝纤维毡置于20℃的防潮浆液中浸泡4小时，再置于通风环境中阶段保温干燥，然后经高硅氧玻璃纤维与耐热层缝接，再次置于20℃的防潮浆液中浸泡4小时，然后置于通风环境中阶段保温干燥，通风速率为3m/s，各保温阶段的温度分别为：300℃/60分钟、500℃/2小时、700℃/60分钟，然后自然降温。
将上述方法制备的硅酸铝纤维毡置于温度30±2℃，相对湿度75±2%RH的环境中放置60天，未出现粘层开裂、腐烂现象。
实施例2
一种防潮型的硅酸铝纤维耐火毡，以硅酸铝纤维毡为基体，将硅酸铝纤维毡置于防潮浆液中浸渍后干燥，再在两侧分别连接耐热层，然后置于防潮浆液中再次浸渍并干燥而成。
其中硅酸铝纤维毡优选经改性硅酸铝纤维编织而成；防潮浆液优选由以下过程制成：分别研磨马尾藻炭化物、分子筛活化粉后经900目筛网过筛，将马尾藻炭化物27g、分子筛活化粉13.5g与纳米锆溶胶13g、水250g混匀制成防潮浆液；耐热层优选由石棉纤维与改性硅酸铝纤维按质量比为100:39混编而成。
改性硅酸铝纤维优选制备过程如下：（1）研磨高岭土粉体后经900目的筛网过筛，然后经700℃煅烧3小时；（2）向260g水中加入高岭土粉体115g、氧化铝7g、钛白粉4.5g、磷酸铝粘结剂6g制成悬浮浆液；（3）添加磷酸调节悬浮浆液的pH值至5，加热至45℃保持20小时；（4）向悬浮浆液中加入硅烷偶联剂5g、聚氨基甲酸酯14g、分散剂8g、抗氧化剂1.5g搅匀得混合浆液；（5）加热混合浆液至225℃得到熔融料液，置于纺丝装置中以200m/min的速率纺丝得到改性硅酸铝纤维。
马尾藻炭化物优选经以下过程制备而成：将干燥的马尾藻碾碎成粉末，置于持续通入氮气的马弗炉中以3℃/min的速率升温至350℃，保温4小时，然后将马弗炉置于真空状态，以9℃/min的速率升温至650 ℃，保温2小时，自然冷却后取出即得马尾藻炭化物。
硅酸铝纤维耐火毡优选由以下过程制备而成：将硅酸铝纤维毡置于25℃的防潮浆液中浸泡5小时，再置于通风环境中阶段保温干燥，然后经高硅氧玻璃纤维与耐热层缝接，再次置于25℃的防潮浆液中浸泡5小时，然后置于通风环境中阶段保温干燥，通风速率为5m/s，各保温阶段的温度分别为：300℃/75分钟、500℃/3小时、700℃/75分钟，然后自然降温。
将上述方法制备的硅酸铝纤维毡置于温度30±2℃，相对湿度75±2%RH的环境中放置60天，未出现粘层开裂、腐烂现象。
实施例3
一种防潮型的硅酸铝纤维耐火毡，以硅酸铝纤维毡为基体，将硅酸铝纤维毡置于防潮浆液中浸渍后干燥，再在两侧分别连接耐热层，然后置于防潮浆液中再次浸渍并干燥而成。
其中硅酸铝纤维毡优选经改性硅酸铝纤维编织而成；防潮浆液优选由以下过程制成：分别研磨马尾藻炭化物、分子筛活化粉后经1000目筛网过筛，将马尾藻炭化物30g、分子筛活化粉15g与纳米锆溶胶16g、水300g混匀制成防潮浆液；耐热层优选由石棉纤维与改性硅酸铝纤维按质量比为100: 47混编而成。
改性硅酸铝纤维优选的制备过程如下：（1）研磨高岭土粉体后经1000目的筛网过筛，然后800 ℃煅烧4小时；（2）向300g水中加入高岭土粉体130g、氧化铝9g、钛白粉6g、磷酸铝粘结剂8g制成悬浮浆液；（3）添加磷酸调节悬浮浆液的pH值至6，加热50℃保持24小时；（4）向悬浮浆液中加入硅烷偶联剂7g、聚氨基甲酸酯16g、分散剂10g、抗氧化剂2g搅匀得混合浆液；（5）加热混合浆液至250℃得到熔融料液，置于纺丝装置中以420m/min的速率纺丝得到改性硅酸铝纤维。
马尾藻炭化物优选经以下过程制备而成：将干燥的马尾藻碾碎成粉末，置于持续通入氮气的马弗炉中以4℃/min的速率升温至400℃，保温5小时，然后将马弗炉置于真空状态，以10℃/min的速率升温至700 ℃，保温3小时，自然冷却后取出即得马尾藻炭化物。
硅酸铝纤维耐火毡优选由以下过程制备而成：将硅酸铝纤维毡置于30℃的防潮浆液中浸泡7小时，再置于通风环境中阶段保温干燥，然后经高硅氧玻璃纤维与耐热层缝接，再次置于30℃的防潮浆液中浸泡7小时，然后置于通风环境中阶段保温干燥，通风速率为6m/s，各保温阶段的温度分别为：300℃/90分钟、500℃/4小时、700℃/90分钟，然后自然降温。
将上述方法制备的硅酸铝纤维毡置于温度30±2℃，相对湿度75±2%RH的环境中放置60天，未出现粘层开裂、腐烂现象。
Claims (8)
1.一种防潮型的硅酸铝纤维耐火毡，其特征在于，所述硅酸铝纤维耐火毡以硅酸铝纤维毡为基体，将硅酸铝纤维毡置于防潮浆液中浸渍后干燥，再在两侧分别连接耐热层，然后置于防潮浆液中再次浸渍并干燥而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防潮型的硅酸铝纤维耐火毡，其特征在于，硅酸铝纤维毡经改性硅酸铝纤维编织而成，所述改性硅酸铝纤维由以下重量份的组份制备而成：高岭土粉体100～130份、氧化铝5～9份、钛白粉3～6份、分散剂6～10份、聚氨基甲酸酯12～16份、抗氧化剂1～2份、硅烷偶联剂3～7份、磷酸铝粘结剂4～8份、水220～300份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的防潮型的硅酸铝纤维耐火毡，其特征在于，所述改性硅酸铝纤维经以下过程制备而成：（1）向水中加入高岭土粉体、氧化铝、钛白粉、磷酸铝粘结剂制成悬浮浆液；（2）添加磷酸调节悬浮浆液的pH值至4～6，加热至40～50℃保持16～24小时；（3）向悬浮浆液中加入硅烷偶联剂、聚氨基甲酸酯、分散剂、抗氧化剂搅匀得混合浆液；（4）加热混合浆液至200～250℃得到熔融料液，经纺丝得到改性硅酸铝纤维。
4.根据权利要求3所述的防潮型的硅酸铝纤维耐火毡，其特征在于，所述高岭土粉体研磨后经800～1000目的筛网过筛，再经600～800 ℃煅烧2～4小时处理后使用。
5.根据权利要求1所述的防潮型的硅酸铝纤维耐火毡，其特征在于，所述防潮浆液由以下过程制成：分别研磨马尾藻炭化物、分子筛活化粉后经600～1000目筛网过筛，将重量份的马尾藻炭化物24～30份、分子筛活化粉12～15份与纳米锆溶胶10～16份、水200～300份混匀制成防潮浆液。
6.根据权利要求5所述的防潮型的硅酸铝纤维耐火毡，其特征在于，马尾藻炭化物经以下过程制备而成：将干燥的马尾藻碾碎成粉末，置于持续通入氮气的马弗炉中以2～4℃/min的速率升温至300～400℃，保温2～5小时，然后将马弗炉置于真空状态，以8～10℃/min的速率升温至600～700 ℃，保温2～3小时，自然冷却后取出即得马尾藻炭化物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的防潮型的硅酸铝纤维耐火毡，其特征在于，所述耐热层由石棉纤维与改性硅酸铝纤维按质量比为100:31～47混编而成。
8.根据权利要求1所述的防潮型的硅酸铝纤维耐火毡，其特征在于，所述硅酸铝纤维耐火毡由以下过程制备而成：将硅酸铝纤维毡置于20～30℃的防潮浆液中浸泡4～7小时，再置于通风环境中阶段保温干燥，然后经高硅氧玻璃纤维与耐热层缝接，再次置于20～30℃的防潮浆液中浸泡4～7小时，然后置于通风环境中阶段保温干燥，通风速率为3～6m/s，各保温阶段的温度分别为：300℃/60～90分钟、500℃/2～4小时、700℃/60～90分钟，然后自然降温。
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