CN107408888B - Load-aware voltage regulator and dynamic electric voltage and frequency scale - Google Patents
Load-aware voltage regulator and dynamic electric voltage and frequency scale Download PDFInfo
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- CN107408888B CN107408888B CN201680013561.2A CN201680013561A CN107408888B CN 107408888 B CN107408888 B CN 107408888B CN 201680013561 A CN201680013561 A CN 201680013561A CN 107408888 B CN107408888 B CN 107408888B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
- G06F1/32—Means for saving power
- G06F1/3203—Power management, i.e. event-based initiation of a power-saving mode
- G06F1/3234—Power saving characterised by the action undertaken
- G06F1/324—Power saving characterised by the action undertaken by lowering clock frequency
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
- G06F1/32—Means for saving power
- G06F1/3203—Power management, i.e. event-based initiation of a power-saving mode
- G06F1/3234—Power saving characterised by the action undertaken
- G06F1/3287—Power saving characterised by the action undertaken by switching off individual functional units in the computer system
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
- G06F1/32—Means for saving power
- G06F1/3203—Power management, i.e. event-based initiation of a power-saving mode
- G06F1/3234—Power saving characterised by the action undertaken
- G06F1/3296—Power saving characterised by the action undertaken by lowering the supply or operating voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/157—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0016—Control circuits providing compensation of output voltage deviations using feedforward of disturbance parameters
- H02M1/0019—Control circuits providing compensation of output voltage deviations using feedforward of disturbance parameters the disturbance parameters being load current fluctuations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/1566—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with means for compensating against rapid load changes, e.g. with auxiliary current source, with dual mode control or with inductance variation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D10/00—Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Computing Systems (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
- Power Sources (AREA)
Abstract
Voltage regulator and/or associated circuits provide level and magnitude by load consumption or the average current, transient affair that draw and adjust the instruction of efficiency.Dynamic electric voltage and frequency scaling control device help the operation for optimizing the load relative to power and/or performance using the instruction of level and magnitude and adjusting efficiency by the load consumption or the average current, transient affair that draw.
Description
Background technique
The voltage that the present invention generally relates to semiconductor circuit is adjusted, and more particularly to using load and adjusting
Device efficiency information carries out voltage adjustment operations.
Regulated DC to DC electric pressure converter will usually provide operation circuit through regulation power, for example for various
The integrated circuit in semiconductor device in the application of various kinds.Integrated circuit usually requires in special parameter during operation
Power provides.The offer of this power can face many challenges.For example, semiconductor chip includes can have different piece
Integrated circuit, the different piece need power in same time or different time, and different piece can need in different parameters
Power, and some parts can different time utilize different capacity amount.Complicated problem is that some devices can be opposite by having
The battery of small capacity is powered, and at least described device itself can need a large amount of power at the various times.
Variation is supplied to the when clock rate of the voltage of operation circuit and/or the clock in the operation timing of variation control operation circuit
Rate can help to reduce the power consumption of operation circuit.This can be performed dynamically during circuit operation, and can be based on work
The operation circuit temperature information of load, workload property and (for example) from process, variation and temperature sensor
And it should be optimized to reach the information of performance or efficiency about circuit operation.Regrettably, this dynamic electric voltage and frequency scale
Operation can be not enough to provide the combination of wanted circuit operation and power consumption control under different operating conditions.
Summary of the invention
Each aspect of the present invention is related to Load-aware dynamic electric voltage and frequency scaling and Load-aware voltage regulator.At this
In some aspects of invention, the average current for providing load to dynamic electric voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) control device uses and voltage
The instruction of the efficiency information of adjuster, thus with lossy electric power delivery network provisioning electric power.In some embodiments, DVFS is managed
Control device is implemented as the program instruction executed on application processor, common processor or application specific processor/microcontroller, illustrates
For be in ageng form.In some embodiments, DVFS manages device and is implemented as (for example) being used as dedicated custom hard
The circuit of a part of part engine.
One aspect of the present invention provides a kind of for providing the system of power, the system to the integrated circuit for forming load
System includes: voltage regulator, is configured to that load, the electricity will be provided through regulation power according to requested voltage level
Pressing adjuster includes for determining that instruction provides the circuit of the signal of the average current to load；Dynamic electric voltage and frequency scale
DVFS manages device, is configured to determine the clock that will be applied to the voltage of the load and will be used by the circuit of the load
The frequency of signal, the DVFS control device signal provided based on instruction to the average current of the load is provided and
Adjustment by be applied to the load voltage and will be in the frequency for the clock signal that used by the circuit of the load
At least one.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of for providing the system of power, the system to the integrated circuit for forming load
System includes: automatic transient control ATC circuit, is configured to be provided through regulation power negative according to institute's command voltage signal
It carries, the ATC circuit includes the circuit for the signal for providing the number of instruction ATC activation；Voltage regulator is configured to
Institute's command voltage signal is provided according to the signal of indicator current ramp rate target, the voltage regulator includes to be used for
Determine that instruction provides the circuit of the signal to the average current of the ATC circuit；Dynamic electric voltage and frequency scaling DVFS manage device,
It, which is configured to determine, will be applied to the voltage of the load and by the frequency of the clock signal used by the circuit of the load,
The DVFS control device is configured to the signal of the number based on instruction ATC activation and the load will be applied to by adjusting
The voltage and at least one of the frequency of the clock signal that will be used by the circuit of the load.
After the close examination present invention at once or in terms of these and other of the invention is more fully understood.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the block diagram for adjusting the system of correlation function comprising voltage according to aspects of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is according to aspects of the present invention for determining the flow chart of the process of leakage current function.
Fig. 3 is according to aspects of the present invention for executing the process of the process of DVFS operation in high current leakage situation
Figure.
Fig. 4 A is according to aspects of the present invention for configuring the flow chart of the process of DVFS control device function.
Fig. 4 B is according to aspects of the present invention for configuring the flow chart of the process of DVFS control device function.
Fig. 5 is according to aspects of the present invention for operating the process of the process of DVFS control device under dynamic loading conditions
Figure.
Fig. 6 is half block diagram of voltage regulator according to aspects of the present invention, semi-schematic.
Fig. 7 is according to aspects of the present invention for determining the process of the efficiency of voltage regulator with loss power domain function
Flow chart.
Fig. 8 is the flow chart for configuring the process of voltage regulator according to aspects of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the block diagram for adjusting the another system of correlation function comprising voltage according to aspects of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 is the block diagram for adjusting the system of correlation function comprising voltage according to aspects of the present invention.In Fig. 1, voltage tune
It saves device 111 and receives power from power supply 115, and load will be supplied to through regulation power, described be supported in Fig. 1 is shown as processor
113.Power supply 115 can be utility power, but usually battery.In some embodiments, battery, voltage regulator and processor
It is all one of device (for example, honeycomb or intelligent telephone equipment or other portable computer devices)
Point.
The power consumption of processor is modulated by dynamic electric voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) control device 117.Processor is consumed
Power usually change with the operating frequency executed by processor with the voltage level for being applied to processor.Reduce supply everywhere
The frequency for managing the clock signal of device would generally reduce power consumption of the processor in a period of time, while reducing and being applied to place
Manage the voltage level of device.In general, DVFS control device determines target voltage level and target operating frequency, target electricity can be considered as
Pressure, frequency operating point, or it is considered only as voltage, frequency set point or operating point.Target voltage, frequency operating point can be based on processing
The power requirement of device, treating capacity, the property and/or other factors of the processing executed by processor executed by processor.DVFS
Control device can be requested in response to or in view of various conditions (for example) or command voltage adjuster exists in some embodiments
Processor is provided power under lower voltage level, and can reduce the frequency of (or increase) clock signal.To control by
Manage the frequency for the operation that device executes.DVFS control device can (for example) order phase-locked loop (PLL) or to can be voltage controlled
The oscillator 119 of oscillator (VCO) provides clock signal at a lower frequency, or similarly orders from PLL or oscillator reception
The clock divider 121 of clock signal uses different divisors when except the clock signal supplied by PLL or oscillator.
In various embodiments, voltage regulator can manage device to DVFS and provide average current supplied by the voltage regulator
Instruction and voltage regulator efficiency instruction, with assist DVFS control device determine voltage request and/or clock frequency order.
The instruction of average current can be in short cycle (for example, one or predefined number clock cycle)
The instruction of interior average current, this effectively provides transient current supplied by the voltage regulator in some embodiments.Voltage
Adjuster can be (for example) in some embodiments comprising the inductor electricity for determining the output inductor of voltage regulator
The circuit of the instruction of stream, and in some embodiments also comprising for by the inductance in several dock cycles or several switch cycles
The circuit of device electric current equalization.
In some embodiments, voltage regulator is switch mode converters, for example, the switch mode converters use
Output circuit is connected to high voltage and is switched using downside (LS) by high side (HS) switch is connected to lower electricity for output circuit
Pressure (for example, is grounded).In such embodiments, voltage regulator may include for based on the input electricity with voltage regulator
The circuit pressed the HS switch compared with the ratio of the output voltage of voltage regulator to switch the ratio operated with LS and determine efficiency.
For example, in some embodiments, it will be assumed that the efficiency of voltage regulator can be indicated by following equation
Vin*(HStime/LStime) * efficiency=Vout,
Wherein efficiency is percentagewised.
In some embodiments, DVFS manages device storage instruction in the time cycle that wherein processor is idle or is not powered
The value of interior average current, the time cycle is in the starting time of device in some embodiments, wherein the value stored
It is stored as the value of the leakage current of instruction load.In some embodiments, DVFS manages the value that device determines instruction dynamic current, institute
Stating dynamic current is then to subtract leakage current by the average current that voltage regulator is provided to processor.In some such implementations
In example, in addition DVFS control device is determined using the instruction of dynamic current will about the voltage or processor that will be applied to processor
The frequency of the clock signal used.In some embodiments, DVFS manages the feelings that device is lower than predetermined value in the instruction of dynamic current
Reduce the frequency for the clock signal that will be used by processor under condition, but in some such embodiments, this is only in the power of device
Setting indicates preferred power efficiency and carries out in the case where non-performance.In some embodiments, DVFS manages device in dynamic current
Instruction lower than the frequency for increasing the clock signal that will be used by processor in the case where predetermined value, but in some such embodiments
In, this is only carried out in the case where the power setting of device indicates preferred properties rather than power efficiency.
Fig. 2 is according to aspects of the present invention for determining the flow chart of the process of leakage current information.In some embodiments
In, if the process is executed by the stem portion of the system of Fig. 1 or the system of Fig. 1.In some embodiments, the process is by DVFS
Device (for example, the DVFS of Fig. 1 manages device) is managed to execute.
In frame 211, process determines whether load (for example, the application processor of device) leaves unused.In some implementations
It is idle when being supported on the starting of device in example.In some embodiments, it is supported on by other component orders entrance of device
It is idle when idle state.In some embodiments, providing instruction load to DVFS control device from another component of device is
Idle signal, for example, ordered by system-on-a-chip (SOC).
If it is idle for loading, process proceeds to frame 213, and else process returns.
In frame 213, the value for indicating average current is recorded as leakage current values by process.In some embodiments, it indicates
The value of average current is to indicate the value of the output inductor electric current of voltage regulator.In some embodiments, average current is electricity
Press the average current in one or several switch cycles of adjuster.In some embodiments, by voltage regulator that instruction is flat
The value of equal electric current, which is provided to DVFS, manages device.In some embodiments, device is managed by DVFS and indicates average electricity from register read
The value of stream, wherein register (for example) is set by voltage regulator.
In frame 215, the value of process record indicator current temperature.In some embodiments, the value of indicator current temperature is
The value determined by process-voltage-temperature sensor.In some embodiments, process storage indicator current temperature and instruction leak
The associated value of the value of electric current.
Hereafter process returns.
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of the process for the DVFS operation being used in high current leakage situation according to aspects of the present invention.
In some embodiments, if the process is executed by the stem portion of the system of Fig. 1 or the system of Fig. 1.In some embodiments, mistake
Journey is executed by DVFS control device (for example, the DVFS of Fig. 1 manages device).
In frame 311, process determines leak level.In some embodiments, leak level is that instruction is damaged due to leakage
The electric current of mistake or the value of power.In some embodiments, leak level is leakage percentage.In some embodiments, hundred are leaked
Divide the percentage than being expressed as the average current or mean power lost due to leakage.In some embodiments, process base
Leakage percentage is determined in institute's storage value of instruction leakage current and the value of instruction average current.In some embodiments, mistake
Journey determines leakage percentage based on the ratio of leakage current and average current.In some embodiments, process is based on leakage electricity
It flows the ratio with average current and determines leakage percentage, the leakage current is by the subsequent current temperature based on system and leaks
The factor of the difference between temperature when electric current is determined adjusts.
In frame 313, process determines whether leak level indicates the high-leakage operation of system.In some embodiments, such as
Fruit leaks high percentage in predetermined percentage, then process determines the high-leakage operation of leak level instruction system.In some realities
It applies in example, predetermined percentage is stored in the value in register.In some embodiments, if leakage high percentage is in predetermined hundred
Divide ratio and average current is higher than predetermined amount, then process determines that leakage percentage indicates the high-leakage operation of system.
In frame 315, process about be command by the voltage for being applied to load and modify system operatio in terms of.In some realities
It applies in example, is the clock frequency for the clock signal in the operation timing for controlling the circuit of load in terms of system operatio.One
In a little such embodiments, and as illustrated in figure 3, process reduces the frequency of clock signal and/or is applied to the electricity of load
Pressure.In some embodiments, process by the frequency of clock signal and/or be applied to load voltage (its can be considered as together electricity
Pressure, frequency set point) it is limited in predetermined level or less.In some embodiments, voltage, frequency set point are limited in value by process
Predefined combination below (within or).In some embodiments, if system (for example) be set by the user set with
The power efficiency of optimization system, then process reduces the frequency of clock signal.In other such embodiments, process increases clock
The frequency of signal.In some such embodiments, if system is set to the performance of optimization system, process increases clock
Frequency.
Hereafter process returns.
Fig. 4 A is according to aspects of the present invention for configuring the flow chart of the process of DVFS control device function.In some implementations
In example, if the process is executed by the stem portion of the system of Fig. 1 or the system of Fig. 1.In some embodiments, the process by
DVFS manages device (for example, the DVFS of Fig. 1 manages device) and executes.
In frame 411, process receives voltage regulator efficiency information.In some embodiments, it is provided by voltage regulator
Voltage regulator efficiency information, the voltage regulator are configured to also determine the effect of voltage regulator other than adjusting voltage
The instruction of rate.In some embodiments, voltage regulator efficiency information instructed voltage adjuster turns in input power supply voltage
Change the efficiency when voltage to be applied to load into.In some embodiments, voltage regulator is switch mode converters, it includes
Node is coupled to the high-side switch of high-line input voltage and node is coupled to the downside of lower voltage (it can be ground connection)
Switch, and efficiency information is the ratio and output voltage of the activationary time of activationary time and low side switch based on high-side switch
With the ratio of input voltage.
In frame 413, process is set using voltage regulator efficiency information and will be used when will execute operation by being supported on
Requested output voltage and clock signal clock frequency when.In some embodiments, process use adjusts Current Voltage
Device efficiency look-up table relevant to preferred output voltage and/or clock frequency.In some embodiments, process in addition use about
The information of the dynamic current utilized by load sets the clock frequency of requested output voltage and clock signal.In some implementations
Example in, process by voltage, frequency set point be limited in preset range or predetermined value or less or within.
Hereafter process returns.
Fig. 4 B is according to aspects of the present invention for configuring the flow chart of the process of DVFS control device function.In some implementations
In example, if the process is executed by the stem portion of the system of Fig. 1 or the system of Fig. 1.In some embodiments, the process by
DVFS manages device (for example, the DVFS of Fig. 1 manages device) and executes.
In frame 451, process receives voltage regulator efficiency information and average current information.In some embodiments, by
Voltage regulator provides voltage regulator efficiency information.In some embodiments, average current information is provided by voltage regulator.
In various embodiments, average current is supplied to the average current of load.In some embodiments, average current is to pass through electricity
Press the average current of one or more inductors of adjuster.In some embodiments, average current information is in a predetermined time
Average current in period.In some embodiments, predetermined period of time is the single switch circulation of voltage regulator.Some
In embodiment, predetermined period of time is predefined number switch cycles, can be multiple switch circulation.
In frame 453, process determines the value of the energy loss in instruction power distribution network (PDN).In most embodiments, make
Energy loss is determined with average current information.In some embodiments, indicate that the value of the energy loss in PDN is based on average electricity
The value of the impedance of stream information and instruction PDN.In some embodiments, the impedance of PDN can be by (for example) being stored in register
In value indicate.In some embodiments, determine that energy damages by subtracting leakage current values from the value of instruction average current
Consumption.In some embodiments, determine that energy loss includes the percentage for determining the value of instruction average current.
In frame 455, process sets load using the energy loss in voltage regulator efficiency information and PDN information
Voltage, frequency operating point.
Hereafter process returns.
Fig. 5 is according to aspects of the present invention for operating the process of the process of DVFS control device under dynamic loading conditions
Figure.In some embodiments, if the process is executed by the stem portion of the system of Fig. 1 or the system of Fig. 1.In some embodiments
In, the process is executed by DVFS control device (for example, the DVFS of Fig. 1 manages device).
In frame 511, process determines dynamic load.Dynamic load can be the finger for example by the transient current of load consumption
Show.In some embodiments, dynamic current is determined as average current and subtracts leakage current by process.Average current can be switch
The output inductor of formula voltage regulator close to transient current.Leakage current can be being averaged of measuring under no-load condition
Electric current.In some embodiments, the leakage current about system is measured at the first temperature, wherein the needle during the operation of load
The temperature of system is changed and adjusts the value for being used for leakage current.
In frame 513, process determines whether dynamic load indicates the idle of load.If dynamic load is lower than predetermined value,
So dynamic load can indicate the idle of load.In some embodiments, predetermined value may depend on load receive a mandate state without
Together.In some embodiments, for example, if the positive delay operation waiting simultaneously of load is from different capacity domain or power island
The signal of subsystem, then what can be loaded is idle.
If the process determine that dynamic load instruction load is not left unused, then process returns.Otherwise, process is in system through setting
Determine to proceed to frame 515 in the case where to optimize performance or proceeds to frame in the case where system is set to optimization power efficiency
517。
In frame 515, process increases the frequency that the clock signal used when operation is executed by being supported on.Increase is made by load
The frequency of clock signal allows for example once load receives signal from other subsystems, and load can perform faster institute
Want function.Hereafter process returns.
In frame 517, process reduces the frequency that the clock signal used when operation is executed by being supported on.Hereafter process is returned
It returns.
Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram of voltage regulator according to aspects of the present invention.Voltage regulator is that switched mode voltage is adjusted
Device and include controller 611, controller 611 controls the operation of high side (HS) switch 613 and downside (LS) switch 615.HS switch
It is connected in series between high voltage (usually input supply voltage) and lower voltage (it can be ground connection) with LS switch.HS
Node between switch and LS switch is coupled to one end of output inductor 617.The other end of output inductor passes through output line
621 are coupled to load (not shown), are coupled in parallel to load with output capacitor 619.The voltage of output capacitor can be considered as
The output voltage of voltage regulator.In some embodiments and as illustrated in figure 6, digital current sense circuit 623 is based on defeated
Out voltage and determine the electric current of output inductor.In some such embodiments, digital current sense block determines output inductor
Electric current, such as on January 9th, 2015 file an application it is entitled " with digital current sense DC-DC converter (DC-DC
Converter With Digital Current Sensing) " U.S. Patent Application No. 14/593,987 in discussed
It states, the disclosure of the application case is incorporated herein by reference.
Controller is usually configured to operation HS and LS switch, usually to locate only one at any given time to be closed
To provide output voltage according to requested output voltage.Requested output voltage can be by DVSFS control device (citing Lai
Say, the DVFS of Fig. 1 manages device) output voltage of request.When controlling HS and LS switch to provide requested output voltage, control
Device can be operated based on various signals.For example, as indicated in figure 6, controller receives fed-back output voltage signal and defeated
Digital current sense circuit 623 can be used for example to generate the signal in inductor current signal out.
In some embodiments and as illustrated in FIG. 6, in addition controller controls the end of coupled output inductor
By-pass switch.
In the embodiment in fig 6, controller also directed to adjuster operation and determine average output current and efficiency value.?
In some embodiments, controller determines average output current by equalizing output inductor current signal.In some realities
It applies in example, predetermined time cycle (for example a switch cycles of voltage regulator or several switches of voltage regulator
Circulation) in execute the equalization.In some embodiments, the percentage for the time cycle that controller is worked based on HS switch
Percentage, Vdd and the output voltage of the time cycle worked than, LS switch and the efficiency for determining voltage regulator.
In some embodiments, voltage regulator can receive the signal and instruction target current slope speed of instruction target current
The signal of rate.In some embodiments, target current and target current ramp rate are determined by DVFS control device.However, one
In a little embodiments, average current can be used only as target current in voltage regulator.
In some embodiments, controller includes or access control look-up table.Control look-up table could dictate that controller operates
Aspect, for example director mode, the switch solution of controller switches or effective output phase number (for voltage adjusting
Device provides multiple output phases).In such embodiments, target current information and target current ramp rate can be used in controller
To select the slot position of control look-up table.In addition, in some embodiments, control look-up table can be (for example) by SoC processor
Configuration.
Fig. 7 is according to aspects of the present invention for determining the flow chart of the process of the efficiency of voltage regulator.In some realities
It applies in example, if the process is executed by the stem portion of the system of Fig. 1 or the system of Fig. 1.In some embodiments, the process by
The controller of voltage regulator or voltage regulator is (for example, such as the control of the voltage of the voltage regulator or Fig. 6 of Fig. 1 or 6
Device processed) it executes.
In frame 711, the value of the activationary time of high side (HS) switch of process storage instruction switched mode voltage regulator.?
In some embodiments, the activationary time of HS switch is confirmed as the time worked to the control signal of high-side switch.Some
In embodiment, the activationary time of HS switch is confirmed as HS switch for the percentage of the time cycle of the switch cycles to work.
In frame 713, the value of the activationary time of downside (LS) switch of process storage instruction switched mode voltage regulator.?
In some embodiments, the activationary time of LS switch is confirmed as the time worked to the control signal of low side switch.Some
In embodiment, the activationary time of LS switch is confirmed as LS switch for the percentage of the time cycle of the switch cycles to work.
In frame 715, process determines the ratio of the activationary time of HS switch and the activationary time of LS switch.In some implementations
Example in, the ratio be it is known, for example controller the ratio can be used determine HS switch and LS switch activation,
It can bypass the operation (for example) of frame 711 and 713 in this case.
In frame 717, process determines the input voltage of the output voltage and voltage regulator that are provided by voltage regulator
Ratio.
In frame 719, process determines the efficiency of voltage regulator.In some embodiments, as above for other figure institutes
Discuss the efficiency that ground determines voltage regulator.In some embodiments, based on HS/LS when output voltage/input voltage ratio and
Determine the efficiency of voltage regulator.
Hereafter process returns.
Fig. 8 is according to aspects of the present invention for configuring the flow chart of the process of voltage regulator.In some embodiments,
If the process is executed by the stem portion of the system of Fig. 1 or the system of Fig. 1.In some embodiments, the process is by voltage tune
The controller of device or voltage regulator is saved (for example, such as the control of the voltage regulator of the voltage regulator or Fig. 6 of Fig. 1 or 6
Device) it executes.
In frame 811, process receives current target and current ramp target.In some embodiments, process is managed from DVFS
It controls device and receives current target and current ramp target.In some embodiments, current target and current ramp target are by voltage
The current average and current ramp value that the controller of adjuster determines.
In frame 813, process modifies the configuration setting of voltage regulator based on current target and current ramp target.?
In some embodiments, the operation mode of configuration setting instructed voltage adjuster.In some embodiments, the mode of the operation can
To be pulse width modulation (PWM) mode or pulse frequency modulated (PFM) mode.In some embodiments, configuration setting instruction
The number of effective phase of multiphase bit manipulation for voltage regulator.
In frame 815, voltage regulator is according to configuration setting operation.
Hereafter process returns.
Fig. 9 is the block diagram for adjusting the another system of correlation function comprising voltage according to aspects of the present invention.In Fig. 9, such as
With in Fig. 1, voltage regulator 911 receives power from power supply 913, and load will be supplied to through regulation power, the load exhibition
It is shown as processor 915.As in the system of fig. 1, power supply 913 can be utility power, but usually battery.In some embodiments
In, battery, voltage regulator and processor are all device (for example honeycomb or an intelligent telephone equipment or other
Portable computer device) a part.
In the system of Fig. 9, automatic transient control (ATC) circuit is inserted in the power road between voltage regulator and load
In diameter, but in some embodiments, ATC circuit can alternatively be considered as being connected to power path in parallel or abutment.From
Dynamic transient control circuit is provided to the power loaded for increasing during certain power operation and/or is used in some embodiments
Available power is loaded in reducing.In most embodiments, ATC circuit is configured to provide excess power and load up to short
Period (for example, less than the switch cycles of voltage regulator), to reduce during the slope of the electric current of offer to load
The negative effect of transient state.The ATC circuit U.S. Patent Application No. with entitled " transient power control " in some embodiments
14/602, No. 112 active transient control block is identical, or is similar to the active transient control block, institute in some embodiments
State that application case was filed an application on January 21st, 2015 and its disclosure is incorporated herein by reference.
The power consumption of processor is modulated by dynamic electric voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) control device 917.DVFS manages device and rings
Ying Yu or can be requested in view of various conditions or in some embodiments command voltage adjuster under lower voltage level by function
Rate is provided to processor, and can reduce the frequency of the clock signal of the frequency for the operation that (or increase) control is executed by processor.
DVFS manages device can (for example) order phase-locked loop (PLL) or oscillator 921 (can be voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO))
Clock signal is provided at a lower frequency, or similarly orders the clock divider 919 for receiving clock signal from PLL or oscillator
Different divisors are used when except the clock signal supplied by PLL or oscillator.
Voltage regulator can manage device to DVFS and provide instruction and the voltage tune of average current supplied by the voltage regulator
The instruction of the efficiency of device is saved to assist DVFS control device to determine voltage request and/or clock frequency order.In addition, ATC can be to
DVFS control device provides the instruction for when activating the average magnitude of instruction and activation of ATC, activation number, and/or in some realities
It applies and the instruction of the magnitude of activation is provided in example, wherein (for example) DVFS control device is configured to the magnitude based on active information
And determine the average magnitude of activation.Similarly and as described with respect to fig. 6, DVFS manages device can provide output electricity to voltage regulator
Target and current ramp rate target are flowed, the output current target and current ramp rate target can be used for voltage regulator
Determine the operation of voltage regulator.
In this, the information provided by DVFS control device can be used to adjust the operation of ATC circuit in voltage regulator.It lifts
For example, in some embodiments, (for example) will be if target ramp rate will be not enough to exceedingly shadow down to anticipated transient
Acoustic system operation, then voltage regulator can deactivate ATC circuit.In these examples, voltage regulator be can be configured in electricity
Ramp rate is flowed lower than ATC circuit deactivated in the case where predetermined value or orders deactivating for ATC circuit.Similarly, ATC circuit can base
Difference between the institute's command voltage and the virtual voltage for being applied to load to be applied to load and by different excess power amounts
Load is provided.In these examples, (for example) target current value is depended on, can change and provide for determining to load
The reference voltage value of the amplitude of excess power.
Additionally or alternatively, DVFS, which manages device, can be used the runing time information from ATC (for example, sharp with ATC
Relevant information living) reduce the frequency of ' sudden ' application that will lead to bigger energy charge originally.For example, DVFS
Control device can reduce the frequency by loading used clock signal in operation.In addition, in some embodiments, DVFS control
Device can provide information into other device assemblies to indicate the amplitude of ATC activation, to allow other device assemblies to subtract with expection
The mode of the amplitude of small ATC activation modifies device operation.In addition, DVFS control device can request or the other parts of command device in
Spare (on-the-fly) configuration change to reduce the amplitude of ATC activation, or in some embodiments, DVFS manages device can be with
Machine or pseudorandomly change the peculiar parameter of device until sudden be reduced.In some embodiments, DVFS manages device
It may include the processing logic that multiple tasks are executed with sequence and/or predesigned order.In some such embodiments, DVFS manages device
Delay or adjustment delay can be introduced in a pseudo-random fashion between execution task.In some embodiments, if receiving ATC activation
The task instruction ATC activation of instruction occur under the frequency bigger than predefined frequency, then that this can be performed is dynamic for DVFS control device
Make.
Although discussing the present invention about various embodiments, it is appreciated that the present invention include by the present invention support it is new
Clever and non-obvious claim.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of for providing the system of power to the integrated circuit for forming load comprising:
Voltage regulator is configured to that load, the voltage will be provided through regulation power according to requested voltage level
Adjuster includes for determining that instruction provides the circuit of the signal of the average current to load；And
Dynamic electric voltage and frequency scaling DVFS manage device, be configured to determine by be applied to the load voltage and will be by institute
The frequency for the clock signal that the circuit of load uses is stated, the DVFS control device is configured to provide based on instruction to the load
Average current the signal and adjust will be applied to the load the voltage and will by the circuit of the load use
At least one of the frequency of the clock signal,
Wherein the DVFS control device is configured to remember the average current of the load described during the standby time of the load
Record is leakage current and the dynamic current for determining the load, and the dynamic current is confirmed as average current and subtracts leakage electricity
Stream.
2. system according to claim 1, wherein DVFS control device is configured to be provided based on instruction to described negative
The signal of the average current of load and adjust the frequency of the clock signal used by the circuit of the load.
3. system according to claim 1, wherein DVFS control device is configured to be provided based on instruction to described negative
The signal of the average current of load and the voltage of the load will be applied to by adjusting.
4. system according to claim 1, wherein the voltage regulator is further included for determining the voltage tune
Save the circuit of the efficiency of device.
5. system according to claim 4, wherein the voltage regulator is switched mode voltage regulator, and the voltage
The time and the voltage regulator therebetween that the efficiency of adjuster is the high-side switch closure based on the voltage regulator therebetween
Low side switch closure time ratio.
6. system according to claim 1, wherein DVFS control device is configured to dynamic current lower than predefined
Reduce the frequency for the clock signal that will be used by the circuit of the load when magnitude.
7. system according to claim 1, wherein DVFS control device is configured to dynamic current lower than predefined
Reduce the frequency for the clock signal that will be used by the circuit of the load when magnitude, and the system will be described in optimization
The performance of the power efficiency of system rather than the system.
8. system according to claim 1, wherein DVFS control device is configured to dynamic current lower than predefined
Increase the frequency for the clock signal that will be used by the circuit of the load when magnitude.
9. system according to claim 1, wherein DVFS control device is configured to dynamic current lower than predefined
Increase the frequency for the clock signal that will be used by the circuit of the load when magnitude, and the system will be described in optimization
The power efficiency of the performance of system rather than the system.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910757301.1A CN110502086A (en) | 2015-03-02 | 2016-03-02 | Load-aware voltage regulator and dynamic electric voltage and frequency scale |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14/636,022 | 2015-03-02 | ||
| US14/636,022 US9369040B1 (en) | 2015-03-02 | 2015-03-02 | Load aware voltage regulator and dynamic voltage and frequency scaling |
| PCT/US2016/020485 WO2016141081A1 (en) | 2015-03-02 | 2016-03-02 | Load aware voltage regulator and dynamic voltage and frequency scaling |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201910757301.1A Division CN110502086A (en) | 2015-03-02 | 2016-03-02 | Load-aware voltage regulator and dynamic electric voltage and frequency scale |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN107408888A CN107408888A (en) | 2017-11-28 |
| CN107408888B true CN107408888B (en) | 2019-09-10 |
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| CN201680013561.2A Expired - Fee Related CN107408888B (en) | 2015-03-02 | 2016-03-02 | Load-aware voltage regulator and dynamic electric voltage and frequency scale |
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|---|---|
| US (2) | US9369040B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP3266099A4 (en) |
| CN (2) | CN110502086A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2016141081A1 (en) |
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| US9829948B2 (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2017-11-28 | Apple Inc. | Current and input voltage sense circuit for indirectly measuring regulator current |
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| WO2018232178A1 (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2018-12-20 | Chaoyang Semiconductor Jiangyin Technology Co., Ltd. | Voltage regulator with time-aware current reporting |
| CN109376845B (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2021-10-22 | 上海寒武纪信息科技有限公司 | Dynamic adjustment method and dynamic adjustment coprocessor |
| US11048321B2 (en) | 2018-06-01 | 2021-06-29 | Nvidia Corporation | Distributed digital low-dropout voltage micro regulator |
| WO2020242488A1 (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2020-12-03 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Power management system |
| US10707877B1 (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2020-07-07 | Intel Corporation | Method and apparatus for switched adaptive clocking |
| WO2021035229A2 (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-02-25 | Zeku, Inc. | Apparatus and method for determining a baseline voltage and ring oscillator code |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107408888A (en) | 2017-11-28 |
| EP3266099A1 (en) | 2018-01-10 |
| US20160274642A1 (en) | 2016-09-22 |
| EP3266099A4 (en) | 2018-05-30 |
| WO2016141081A1 (en) | 2016-09-09 |
| US9864426B2 (en) | 2018-01-09 |
| CN110502086A (en) | 2019-11-26 |
| US9369040B1 (en) | 2016-06-14 |
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