CN107405989A - 用于还具有辅助开放式布雷顿循环动力辅助和增程器的车辆的高速牵引电机 - Google Patents

用于还具有辅助开放式布雷顿循环动力辅助和增程器的车辆的高速牵引电机 Download PDF

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CN107405989A
CN107405989A CN201680012387.XA CN201680012387A CN107405989A CN 107405989 A CN107405989 A CN 107405989A CN 201680012387 A CN201680012387 A CN 201680012387A CN 107405989 A CN107405989 A CN 107405989A
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vehicle
motor
wheel
driver
gas turbine
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B·弗雷泽
P·J·莫特
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BorgWarner Inc
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BorgWarner Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K3/00—Arrangement or mounting of steam or gaseous-pressure propulsion units
    • B60K3/04—Arrangement or mounting of steam or gaseous-pressure propulsion units of turbine type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K5/00—Arrangement or mounting of internal-combustion or jet-propulsion units
    • B60K5/04—Arrangement or mounting of internal-combustion or jet-propulsion units with the engine main axis, e.g. crankshaft axis, transversely to the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/043—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K17/043—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
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    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于车辆的驱动系统(1)包括电动机(12)和燃气涡轮组件(28)。该电动机(12)包括联接至驱动轴(14)的转子(16)。该燃气涡轮组件(28)包括：涡轮(30)，其包括安装在驱动轴(14)上的涡轮叶轮(34)；燃烧燃料并且提供废气以驱动该涡轮叶轮(34)的燃烧器(70)；以及向燃烧器(70)提供压缩空气的压缩机(50)。该燃气涡轮组件(28)联接至该电动机(12)的驱动轴(14)。该驱动系统(1)还包括齿轮系单元(90)，齿轮系单元(90)具有作为输入轴的驱动轴(14)，具有连接至车轮(100)的输出轴(94)，并且将电力从电动机(12)或燃气涡轮组件(28)中的一个传输至车轮(100)。

Description

用于还具有辅助开放式布雷顿循环动力辅助和增程器的车辆 的高速牵引电机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于乘用车和/或商务车的驱动系统，该驱动系统包括电动发电机和用于辅助该电动发电机或作为其替代动力源的燃气涡轮组件。
背景技术
乘用车和商务车制造商正转向混合动力车辆作为满足日益严格的排放标准(诸如，企业平均燃油经济性(CAFE))要求的方式。混合动力车辆使用两个或更多个动力源来实现车辆推进。虽然大部分通常与电动机和内燃机的组合相关联，但是混合动力车辆不限于这些特定的动力源。除了减少排放之外，混合动力车辆通常相对于常规的非混合动力车辆提高了燃料经济性。
然而，尽管使用混合动力车辆有明显的益处，它们的制造是昂贵的，且车辆驾驶范围保持受当前电池技术限制。出于这些原因，需要一种可解决这些问题的改进型车辆驱动系统。
发明内容
在某些方面中，一种用于驱动车辆的一个或多个车轮的车辆驱动系统包括操作地直接联接至用于驱动车轮的轴的电动机，以及包括涡轮、压缩机、燃烧器和回流换热器的燃气涡轮组件。燃气涡轮组件独立于用于驱动车轮的电动机直接联接至轴。车辆驱动系统还包括齿轮系单元。齿轮系单元操作地联接在轴与车辆的车轮之间用于将电力从电动机或燃气涡轮组件中的一个传输至车轮。
在某些方面中，一种用于驱动车辆的车轮的车辆驱动系统包括驱动轴；电动机，其包括联接至驱动轴的转子和容纳转子的定子；以及燃气涡轮组件。该燃气涡轮组件包括：涡轮，其包括安装在驱动轴上的涡轮叶轮；燃烧燃料并且提供废气以驱动该涡轮叶轮的燃烧器；以及向燃烧器提供压缩空气的压缩机。压缩机包括安装在驱动轴上的压缩机叶轮。该燃气涡轮组件独立于电动机而联接至驱动轴。该车辆驱动系统还包括齿轮系单元，其具有作为输入轴的驱动轴并且包括连接至车轮的输出轴。该齿轮系单元将电力从电动机或燃气涡轮组件中的一个传输至车轮。
该车辆驱动系统可以包括以下特征中的一个或多个：电动机是高速电动机，其中高速被限定为在50,000rpm至150,000rpm的范围内的速度下操作的能力。该燃气涡轮组件进一步包括设置在压缩机的出口与燃烧器的入口之间的流体路径中的回流换热器，该回流换热器配置成使用从涡轮中排出的废气来加热压缩空气。该齿轮系单元配置成提供小于驱动轴的转速的输出轴转速。该齿轮系单元在30:1至100:1的范围内在驱动轴与输出轴之间提供转速降低。该齿轮系单元是固定比率变速器装置。该齿轮系单元包括行星齿轮组。该车辆驱动系统进一步包括经由逆变器连接至电动机的电池。该车辆驱动系统进一步包括双向控制器，双向控制器配置成允许经由逆变器将直流转换成交流以及将交流转换成直流。该车辆驱动系统进一步包括连接至电动机和燃气涡轮组件的控制器，且该控制器配置成控制电动机和燃气涡轮组件来以第一模式、第二模式以及第三模式向车轮供电，在该第一模式中，电动机操作以推进车辆且燃气涡轮组件不操作；在该第二模式中，电动机操作以推进车辆，且燃气涡轮组件操作以提供除了由电动机提供的推进力之外的推进力；在该第三模式中，电动机对车辆推进没有帮助且燃气涡轮组件操作以推进车辆。当该车辆驱动系统是以第三模式操作时，电动机作为发电机操作并且向电池供电。转子设置在驱动轴上介于涡轮叶轮与压缩机叶轮之间。压缩机叶轮设置在驱动轴上介于涡轮叶轮与转子之间。在燃气涡轮组件的操作期间，该燃气涡轮组件经历开放式布雷顿热力学循环，其中来自涡轮内的燃烧器的加热气体的膨胀导致驱动轴旋转，进而导致车轮旋转。
一种车辆包括具有电动机和开放式布雷顿循环燃气涡轮组件的车辆驱动系统。该电动机包括联接至该系统的驱动轴的转子。该燃气涡轮组件包括：涡轮，其包括安装在驱动轴上的涡轮叶轮；燃烧燃料并且提供废气以驱动该涡轮叶轮的燃烧器；以及向燃烧器提供压缩空气的压缩机。该燃气涡轮组件联接至该电动机的驱动轴。该驱动系统还包括齿轮系单元，其具有作为输入轴的驱动轴并且具有连接至车轮的输出轴。该齿轮系单元将电力从电动机或涡轮中的一个传输至车轮。
与常规的内燃机动力车辆相比，包括车辆驱动系统的车辆通常实现更高的燃料经济性并且生成更低的排放。包括车辆驱动系统的车辆可以比某些常规车辆更低的成本制造和操作，如下面进一步讨论的。
在本文公开的车辆驱动系统中，电动机的转子和燃气涡轮组件的涡轮叶轮直接安装在单个驱动轴上，且驱动轴用于将电力从电动机或燃气涡轮组件中的一个或两个传输至车轮。通过这种配置，可使发电厂和传动系更加紧凑。另外，传动系相对于某些常规的车辆驱动系统是简化的，其中至少一个动力源间接地联接至驱动轴且采用一系列离合器将每个动力源连接至驱动轴。
有利的是，本文公开的车辆驱动系统在正常驾驶操作期间仅依赖于电动机，并且依赖于电动机和燃气涡轮组件以达到峰值电力需求，由此可以使电动机的尺寸相对较小(例如通过设计用于平均使用而不是峰值电力使用)。与本申请中使用的常规电动机相比，较小的电动机可具有较少的内部损耗、更低的重量和更少的制造成本。
电动机是以至少50,000rpm的速度操作的高速电动机。通过使用高速电动机，相对于用于推进电动车辆或电动混合动力车辆的某些常规电动机，包括一定量的卷绕材料、磁性材料和壳体材料的电动机尺寸可减小。这种常规的电动机通常在10,000rpm至15,000rpm的速度范围内操作。因此，高速电动机有利地具有比在车辆中使用的某些常规电动机更低的重量和成本。虽然高速电动机具有比某些常规电动机相对更低的转矩，但是由于较高速度，高速电动机具有足够动力以使车辆以低至中等的巡航速度使用。这些特征使得车辆驱动系统对于短途通勤特别有效，或用于存在频繁停止、低速巡航和怠速时段的城市交通。进一步有利的是，与某些常规发动机车辆相比，特别是在怠速和低操作速度下，噪声排放减少。
通过将高速电动机与开放式布雷顿循环燃气涡轮组件组合，燃气涡轮组件可在加速或高速行驶期间提供补充动力。
开放式布雷顿循环燃气涡轮组件也可独立于电动机操作，例如在电池电量低或耗尽的情况期间用作增程器。
在某些实施例中，开放式布雷顿循环燃气涡轮组件可使用压缩天然气(CNG)来供给燃料，该压缩天然气相对于某些常规的碳基燃料，成本相对较低并且干净地燃烧。
车辆驱动系统包括向电动机供电的电池。电池具有经由再生制动存储和再利用再生能量的能力，这可尤其有利于城市驾驶条件所特有的时走时停的交通状况。再生制动部件在制动期间捕获通常作为热量被浪费的大量的能量，并且取决于电动机/发电机的额定功率通过将其某些动能转换成电能来降低车速。
在阅读以下说明书和查看过附图后，本发明及其变型的其它目的和用途将显而易见。
附图说明
图1是用于车辆的车辆驱动系统的示意图，其说明电驱动操作模式并且突出显示驱动系统的电驱动部分。
图2是用于车辆的车辆驱动系统的示意图，其说明具有燃气涡轮组件驱动辅助操作模式的电驱动并且突出显示驱动系统的该电驱动部分和燃气涡轮组件驱动部分。
图3是用于车辆的车辆驱动系统的示意图，其说明燃气涡轮驱动操作模式并且突出显示驱动系统的燃气涡轮驱动部分。
图4是包括安装在驱动轴上的涡轮叶轮和压缩机叶轮的驱动轴配置的侧剖视图，其中电动机的转子安装在驱动轴上介于涡轮叶轮与压缩机叶轮之间的位置处。为了清楚起见，省略了涡轮壳体和压缩机壳体。
图5是包括安装在驱动轴上的涡轮叶轮、压缩机叶轮和转子的替代性驱动轴配置的侧剖视图，其中压缩机叶轮安装在驱动轴上介于涡轮叶轮与转子之间的位置处。
具体实施方式
参见图1至图3，用于乘用车和/或商务车的车辆驱动系统1具有电动机12和开放式布雷顿循环燃气涡轮组件28。电动机12和燃气涡轮组件28取决于驾驶情况一次一个或级联地对车辆供电。例如，电动机12是用作绝大多数车辆操作条件的推进源的高速电动机，并且特别适用于城市驾驶和轻型巡航环境。燃气涡轮组件28包括从压缩机50中接收压缩空气并且向涡轮30提供热废气的燃料燃烧的燃烧器70，并且仅在需要额外电力时(诸如在加速期间或在爬陡坡期间)辅助电动机12。当电池电量低或耗尽时，可使用燃气涡轮组件28代替电动机12作为增程器。如下面详细讨论的，在车辆驱动系统1中，电动机12和燃气涡轮组件28均直接联接至相同的驱动轴14以将电力从电动机12或燃气涡轮组件28中的一个传输至车轮100。
参考图1，驱动系统1的电驱动部分2用于正常驾驶操作期间(例如，在巡航期间)和车辆减速期间的车辆推进。驱动系统1的电驱动部分2包括高速电动机12、电池62和逆变器/控制器64，其从电池62中接收直流(DC)电、将其转换为交流(AC)并且将其供应给电动机12。另外，驱动系统1的电驱动部分2包括经由输出轴94连接至车轮100的齿轮系单元90。
电动机12作为电动机或发电机，并且是以至少50,000rpm的速度操作并且产生大约20kW至30kW功率的高速AC感应电动机。在某些实施例中，例如，电动机以50,000rpm至150,000rpm或更高的范围内的速度操作。电动机12包括直接联接至驱动轴14的转子16和容纳并且围绕转子16的定子18。
电池62向电动机12供电，并且可以包括一个或多个常规的可再充电电动车辆电池。例如，电池62可以是锂离子(Li-ion)电池、镍金属氢化物电池(NiMH)、铅酸电池、超级电容器或其它合适的电源。电池62可以在适当位置进行再充电。例如，当车辆不使用时，可以经由外部充电器对电池进行再充电，并且当车辆在使用时，可以经由通过电动机/发电机12或再生制动生成的电来对电池进行再充电。在某些实施例中，电池62可以配置成可交换的，使得当电池62耗尽时，其可容易地被移除并且更换成充满电的替换电池62。电力经由逆变器/控制器64在电池62与电动机12之间传递。
逆变器/控制器64是包括逆变器65、控制器66和转换器67的单个集成单元。逆变器65将从电池62供应的高电压DC转换为驱动电动机12所需的多相AC，并且还将电动机12中的AC转换为DC以对车辆电池62充电。控制器66通过协调能量存储和推进源来控制车辆推进，包括控制驱动系统的操作模式，如下文进一步讨论的。另外，控制器66用作与车辆和驱动系统1的电驱动部分2的通信接口，并且用作通信总线之间的网关。控制器66是双向的，因为其允许电力经由逆变器65从电池62流至电动机12并且还允许电力经由逆变器65从电动机12流至电池62。转换器67是DC/DC转换器，其产生DC电压以对车辆的辅助功能(诸如附件、HVAC和动力转向)供电。
当电动机12是由电池62和逆变器65供电时，转子16的旋转导致驱动轴14旋转。由于驱动轴14的非常高的转速(例如，在50,000rpm至150,000rpm或更高的范围内)，齿轮系单元90设置在电动机12与车轮100之间。齿轮系单元90包括减速齿轮组96，其具有作为输入轴的驱动轴14并且包括直接驱动车轮100和确定车速的输出轴94。例如，在某些实施例中，齿轮系单元90在30:1至100:1的范围内提供驱动轴14与输出轴94之间的固定比转速降低。在某些实施例中，齿轮系单元90提供50:1的固定比转速降低。在所说明的实施例中，减速齿轮组96是一组行星齿轮，但是齿轮系单元90不限于使用行星齿轮来提供驱动轴14与输出轴94之间期望减速。
因为驱动系统1的电驱动部分2用于正常驾驶操作期间(例如，在巡航期间)和车辆减速期间的车辆推进，所以驱动系统1的燃气涡轮驱动部分4(下面描述)不在这种驾驶操作期间使用。
然而，在需要高功率输出期间，诸如在车辆加速或爬陡坡期间，电驱动部分2不能总是提供足够的功率来满足需求。在这种情况下，驱动系统1的燃气涡轮驱动部分4与电驱动部分2级联使用以辅助电驱动部2满足功率需求。
参考图2，在具有燃气涡轮驱动辅助操作模式的电驱动中，使用驱动系统1的电驱动部分2和燃气涡轮驱动部分4。驱动系统1的燃气涡轮驱动部分4包括开放式布雷顿循环燃气涡轮组件28、齿轮系单元90和车轮100。
开放式布雷顿循环燃气涡轮组件28包括涡轮30、燃烧燃料并且将热废气排放至涡轮30的燃烧器70、向燃烧器70提供压缩空气的压缩机50以及回流换热器80，其设被置在压缩机50与燃烧器70之间的空气通道中并且加热被输送至燃烧器70的压缩空气。
涡轮30包括设置在涡轮壳体32中的涡轮叶轮34，该涡轮壳体接收来自燃烧器70的废气。涡轮叶轮34固定至驱动轴14。在某些实施例中，涡轮叶轮34固定至驱动轴14的端部，该端部与用作齿轮系单元90的输入轴的端部相对。当废气通过使其经过涡轮叶轮34而在涡轮壳体32内膨胀时，涡轮叶轮34导致驱动轴14旋转。在涡轮壳体32内膨胀之后，废气从废气出口36(图5)排出并且被引导至回流换热器80的废气入口86。
燃烧器70包括至少一个燃烧室，其接收和混合来自燃料储存箱78的燃料和来自回流换热器80的加热压缩空气。燃烧室内的点火源点燃燃料-空气混合物，由此燃烧器70生成能量并且产生高温、高速废气。废气从燃烧器70中排出并且被引导至涡轮壳体32的废气入口。
在所说明的实施例中，燃烧器70配置成接收压缩天然气(CNG)，其存储在车辆上的燃料储存箱78中并且经由燃料输送管线79输送至燃烧器70。至燃烧器70的燃料输送是由逆变器/控制器64的控制器66控制。虽然使用CNG作为燃料是有利的，但是由于其低成本和相对清洁的燃烧特性，燃烧器不限于燃烧这种燃料。可以使用的替代燃料包括但不限于喷气燃料、煤油或柴油燃料。
压缩机50包括设置在压缩机壳体52中的压缩机叶轮54。压缩机叶轮54安装在驱动轴14上，并且通过涡轮叶轮34的旋转而驱动。压缩机叶轮54的旋转通过空气入口58(图5中所示)吸入新鲜空气，并且将其引导通过压缩机壳体，并排出压缩空气。排出的压缩空气被引导至回流换热器80的空气入口82。
回流换热器80是热交换器，其配置为回收从涡轮30中排出的废热并且使用回收的废热来对由压缩机50供应的压缩空气进行预热。回流换热器80设置在压缩机50与燃烧器70之间的空气通道中。在某些实施例中，回流换热器80可以是板式热交换器，但不限于这种类型的热交换器。通过在输送至燃烧器70之前对压缩空气进行预热，减少了所需燃料的量，并且提高了燃气涡轮组件28的效率。
回流换热器80包括：空气入口82，其接收从压缩机50中排放的压缩的环境温度的空气；以及空气出口84，其排出被输送至燃烧器70的压缩的加热空气。回流换热器80包括接收从涡轮30的出口36中排出的热废气的废气入口86以及将相对较冷的废气排放至环境中的废气出口88。在某些实施例中，排出的气体可以在被释放至环境之前在排放控制装置102(诸如催化转化器)或适于所燃烧的燃料的其它装置中进行处理。
涡轮30、燃烧器70、压缩机50和回流换热器80形成开放式布雷顿循环燃气涡轮组件28。在所说明的配置中，燃气涡轮组件预期产生100kW或更多的轴功率。这种功率的一部分被压缩机50消耗，其中剩余的功率被输送至驱动轮100。在某些实施例中，多达70％的燃气涡轮组件产生的功率可以被压缩机消耗，使得大约30％可以被引导至驱动轮100。然而，尽管到压缩机50有损失，由燃气涡轮组件28生成的大约30kW的功率大致相当于由电动机12产生的功率。
参考图3，在某些操作条件下，驱动系统1的燃气涡轮驱动部分4可以用作唯一的推进源。对于驱动系统1，预期将谨慎地使用燃气涡轮驱动部分4作为唯一的推进源。例如，当电池电量几乎或完全耗尽时，燃气涡轮驱动部分4可为唯一的电力提供者，因此用作增程器。
当驱动系统1的燃气涡轮驱动部分4用作唯一的推进源时，电驱动部分2对车辆的推进没有帮助。然而，因为转子16继续与驱动轴14一起旋转，所以电动机12由控制器66控制以作为向电池62供电的发电机，进一步扩大了车辆的范围。
参考图4，在所说明的实施例中，涡轮30、压缩机50和电动机12集成在单个驱动单元120中使得电动机12与涡轮30和压缩机50容置在一起。具体地，涡轮叶轮34、电动机转子16和压缩机叶轮54共同安装在驱动轴14上，使得转子16设置在涡轮叶轮34与压缩机叶轮54之间。驱动单元120的配置具有电辅助涡轮增压器的外观。然而，驱动单元120与电辅助涡轮增压器的不同之处在于外部工作是由旋转驱动轴14完成的。
参考图5，涡轮30、压缩机50和电动机12不限于图4中所示的布置。例如，在某些实施例中，电动机12可以与驱动轴14集成在与包括涡轮30和压缩机50的替代驱动单元220轴向间隔开的位置处。在所说明的实施例中，电动机12与驱动轴14集成在驱动单元220的外侧位置处，使得转子16设置在驱动单元220的压缩机侧上。这个位置减少了电动机12对涡轮30的高温的暴露。具体地，涡轮叶轮34、电动机转子16和压缩机叶轮54共同安装在驱动轴14上，使得压缩机叶轮54设置在涡轮叶轮34与转子16的中间。
本文所述的方面可以其它形式和组合实施，而不脱离其精神或本质属性。因此，当然将理解的是，实施例不限于本文所述的仅通过实例方式给出的具体细节，且在以下权利要求书的范围内各种修改和改变都是可能的。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于驱动车辆的车轮(100)的车辆驱动系统(1)，所述系统(1)包括：
电动机(12)，其操作地直接联接至轴(14)用于驱动所述车轮(100)；
燃气涡轮组件(28)，其包括涡轮(30)、压缩机(50)、燃烧器(70)和回流换热器(80)，所述燃气涡轮组件(28)独立于用于驱动所述车轮(100)的所述电动机(12)而直接联接至所述轴(14)；以及
齿轮系单元(90)，其中所述齿轮系单元(90)操作地联接在所述轴(14)与所述车辆的所述车轮(100)之间用于将电力从所述电动机(12)或燃气涡轮组件(28)中的一个传输至所述车轮(100)。
2.一种用于驱动车辆的车轮(100)的车辆驱动系统(1)，所述系统(1)包括：
驱动轴(14)；
电动机(12)，其包括：
转子(16)，其联接至所述驱动轴(14)，以及
定子(18)，其容纳所述转子(16)；
燃气涡轮组件(28)，其包括
涡轮(30)，其包括安装在所述驱动轴(14)上的涡轮叶轮(34)，
燃烧器(70)，其燃烧燃料并且提供废气以驱动所述涡轮叶轮(34)，以及
向所述燃烧器(70)提供压缩空气的压缩机(50)，所述压缩机(50)包括安装在所述驱动轴(14)上的压缩机叶轮(54)，由此所述燃气涡轮组件(28)独立于所述电动机(12)而联接至所述驱动轴(14)；以及
齿轮系单元(90)，其具有作为输入轴的所述驱动轴(14)并且包括连接至所述车轮(100)的输出轴(94)，所述齿轮系单元(90)将电力从所述电动机(12)或燃气涡轮组件(28)中的一个传输至所述车轮(100)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆驱动系统(1)，其中所述电动机(12)是高速电动机(12)，其中高速被限定为在50,000rpm至150,000rpm的范围内的速度下操作的能力。
4.根据权利要求2所述的车辆驱动系统(1)，其中所述燃气涡轮组件(28)进一步包括设置在所述压缩机(50)的出口与所述燃烧器(70)的入口之间的流体路径中的回流换热器(80)，所述回流换热器(80)配置成使用从所述涡轮(30)中排出的废气来加热压缩空气。
5.根据权利要求2所述的车辆驱动系统(1)，其中所述齿轮系单元(90)配置成提供小于所述驱动轴(14)的转速的输出轴(94)转速。
6.根据权利要求2所述的车辆驱动系统(1)，其中所述齿轮系单元(90)在30:1至100:1的范围内提供所述驱动轴(14)与所述输出轴(94)之间的转速降低。
7.根据权利要求2所述的车辆驱动系统(1)，其中所述齿轮系单元(90)是固定比率变速器装置。
8.根据权利要求2所述的车辆驱动系统(1)，其中所述齿轮系单元(90)包括行星齿轮组。
9.根据权利要求2所述的车辆驱动系统(1)，其进一步包括经由逆变器(65)连接至所述电动机(12)的电池(62)。
10.根据权利要求2所述的车辆驱动系统(1)，其进一步包括双向控制器(66)，所述双向控制器(66)配置成允许经由逆变器(65)将直流转换成交流，以及将交流转换成直流。
11.根据权利要求2所述的车辆驱动系统(1)，其进一步包括连接至所述电动机(12)和所述燃气涡轮组件(28)的控制器(66)，且所述控制器(66)配置成控制所述电动机(12)和所述燃气涡轮组件(28)来以第一模式、第二模式和第三模式对所述车轮(100)供电，
在所述第一模式中，所述电动机(12)操作以推进所述车辆且所述燃气涡轮组件(28)不操作；
在所述第二模式中，所述电动机(12)操作以推进所述车辆且所述燃气涡轮组件(28)操作以提供除了由所述电动机(12)提供的推进力之外的推进力；以及
在所述第三模式中，所述电动机(12)对所述车辆推进没有帮助且所述燃气涡轮组件(28)操作以推进所述车辆。
12.根据权利要求11所述的车辆驱动系统(1)，其中当所述车辆驱动系统(1)是以所述第三模式操作时，所述电动机(12)作为发电机操作并且对电池(62)供电。
13.根据权利要求2所述的车辆驱动系统(1)，其中所述转子(16)设置在所述驱动轴(14)上介于所述涡轮叶轮(34)与所述压缩机叶轮(54)之间。
14.根据权利要求2所述的车辆驱动系统(1)，其中所述压缩机叶轮(54)设置在所述驱动轴(14)上介于所述涡轮叶轮(34)与所述转子(16)之间。
15.根据权利要求2所述的车辆驱动系统(1)，其中在所述燃气涡轮组件(28)的操作期间，所述燃气涡轮组件(28)经历开放式布雷顿热力学循环，其中来自所述涡轮(30)内的所述燃烧器(70)的加热气体的膨胀导致所述驱动轴(14)旋转，进而导致所述车轮(100)旋转。
CN201680012387.XA 2015-03-12 2016-03-11 用于还具有辅助开放式布雷顿循环动力辅助和增程器的车辆的高速牵引电机 Pending CN107405989A (zh)

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