CN107404134B - Method and device for charging a vehicle battery - Google Patents

Method and device for charging a vehicle battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107404134B
CN107404134B CN201710342915.4A CN201710342915A CN107404134B CN 107404134 B CN107404134 B CN 107404134B CN 201710342915 A CN201710342915 A CN 201710342915A CN 107404134 B CN107404134 B CN 107404134B
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electrical variable
charging
vehicle battery
switching device
measuring
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CN107404134A (en
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T·克里斯托夫
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/16—Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • H02J7/0077—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
    • G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R35/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Abstract

Method for charging a vehicle battery (20), in particular a high-voltage vehicle battery, which stores electric power for a drive motor of a vehicle (10), the vehicle battery being electrically connected to a charging socket (22) by means of a switching device (24; 24'), having the steps: a first electrical variable (U) on the side of the switching device facing the charging socket (22) is measured by means of a first measuring device (32)1) (ii) a A second electrical variable (U) on the side of the switching device facing the vehicle battery is measured by means of a second measuring device (34; 34')3；U2) (ii) a Comparing the first electrical variable with the second electrical variable, and closing the switching device when the first electrical variable and the second electrical variable are substantially identical; measuring a first electrical variable and a second electrical variable during the closing of the switching device; a first measured difference (Δ U) based on the measurement of the first and second electrical variables during the closing of the switching device1) The first measuring device and the second measuring device are adjusted.

Description

Method and device for charging a vehicle battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for charging a vehicle battery, in particular a high-voltage vehicle battery, which stores electric power for a drive motor of a vehicle, wherein the vehicle battery is electrically connected to a charging socket via a switching device, comprising the following steps: measuring a first electrical variable on the side of the switching device facing the charging socket by means of a first measuring device; measuring a second electrical variable on the side of the switching device facing the vehicle battery by means of a second measuring device; the first electrical variable is compared to the second electrical variable and the switching device is closed when the first electrical variable and the second electrical variable are substantially identical.
The invention also relates to a charging device for a motor vehicle, having: a charging socket connectable to a fixed charging station; a vehicle battery connector to which a vehicle battery is connected; a switching device by means of which the charging socket can be electrically connected with the vehicle battery connector; a first measuring device formed to measure a first electrical variable in the area of the charging socket; a second electrical measuring device formed to measure a second electrical variable on a side of the switching device facing the vehicle battery; and a control device.
Background
Electrically driven motor vehicles or electric vehicles have a rechargeable energy store. The energy store may be formed as a high-voltage battery, which may have a nominal voltage of, for example, 800 volts. Typically, such energy storages are charged by establishing an electrical connection between an external charging post (charging station) and a charging socket mounted on the vehicle. A switchable electrical connection is provided between the charging socket and the vehicle battery, in particular by means of the switching device, which may also be referred to as a disconnection apparatus and may be embodied, for example, as a contactor. At the beginning of the charging process, the switching device is first opened in order to bring the voltages of the vehicle battery and the charging socket to almost the same value. The switching device is then closed and the vehicle battery is charged.
In order to measure the first and the second electrical variable, for example in the form of a voltage measurement, a high measurement accuracy is required. Since only very small voltage differences are allowed for technical, legal and safety-relevant reasons.
In this case, the accuracy of the voltage measurement is not reduced over the entire operating time of the components.
DE 102013221970 a1 describes a charging system for a plug-in vehicle, which can be connected to a charging post via a windable charging cable and charged. In this case, the current and voltage are measured during the charging process and the resistance of the charging cable is calculated accordingly.
Document DE 102014208696 a1 discloses a charging device for an electrically driven vehicle, wherein the charging device has an interface with a contact part, a converter, a control unit and a circuit breaker, and the charging device is formed to detect a voltage between the contact part and the circuit breaker.
Furthermore, it is known from document US 2009/0128158 a1 to provide an apparatus for measuring the voltage of a plurality of series-connected battery modules. The difference voltage is determined during the discharge of the two capacitors in the charged and uncharged state. Thereby calculating a measurement error.
Document US 2012/0313562 a1 discloses a battery control unit for an electric vehicle, which can determine the current voltage of each individual battery cell during a charging process and adapt to the charging voltage.
Finally, document WO 2012/139778 a2 discloses a method for charging an electric vehicle, wherein the charging current is adapted to the temperature of the electrical connection between the charging device and the vehicle in order to prevent overheating of the electrical connection.
Disclosure of Invention
Against this background, the object of the invention is to specify an improved method for charging a battery of a motor vehicle and an improved charging device in or for a motor vehicle.
This object is achieved by a method for charging a vehicle battery according to the following 1 and by a charging device for a motor vehicle according to the following 8.
Advantageous embodiments of the process according to the invention are disclosed in the following 2 to 7.
1. Method for charging a vehicle battery (20), in particular a high-voltage vehicle battery (20), which stores electric power for a drive motor of a vehicle (10), wherein the vehicle battery (20) is electrically connected to a charging socket (22) via a switching device (24; 24'), comprising the following steps:
-measuring a first electrical variable (U) on the side of the switching device (24; 24') facing the charging socket (22) by means of a first measuring device (32)1)，
-measuring at the switching device (24) by means of a second measuring device (34; 34')A second electrical variable (U) on the side facing the vehicle battery (20)3；U2)，
-converting the first electrical variable (U)1) And the second electrical variable (U)3；U2) Comparing and determining when the first electrical variable (U)1) And the second electrical variable (U)3；U2) Substantially in unison, closing the switching means (24; 24'),
-measuring the first electrical variable (U) during the closing of the switching device (24; 24')/the1) And the second electrical variable (U)3；U2) And is and
-during the closing of the switching device (24; 24'), based on the first electrical variable (U)1) And the second electrical variable (U)3；U2) Is measured by a first measurement difference (Δ U) between the measurement results of1) To adjust the relative position of the first measuring device (32) and the second measuring device (34; 34').
2. Method according to the above 1, wherein the second electrical variable (U) is measured before the switching device (24; 24') is closed3) And a battery electrical variable (U)BATT) Based on the second electrical variable (U)3) And the electrical variable (U) of the batteryBATT) Second measured difference (Δ U) therebetween2) To adjust the second measuring device (34).
3. The method according to the above 1 or 2, wherein the second electrical variable (U) is measured at the vehicle battery (20)3)。
4. Method according to the above 1 or 2, wherein the second electrical variable (U) is measured in the area between the switching device (24') and a converter unit (60)2) The converter unit (60) is connected between the switching device (34') and the vehicle battery (20).
5. Method according to one of the above 1-4, wherein for a measured difference (Δ U) exceeding a predetermined first difference threshold (Δ U)max1) In case (2), an error message (F) is output.
6. Method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, wherein successive adjustment processes (T) are added1，T2,..) measurement ofDifference (. DELTA.U)a，ΔUb,..), wherein when the sum of the measured differences calculated in this way exceeds a predetermined second difference threshold (Δ U)max2) An error message (F) is output.
7. Method according to one of the above 1 to 6, wherein the first electrical variable (U)1) And the second electrical variable (U)3；U2) Is a voltage or current or resistance.
8. Charging device (50) for a motor vehicle (10), having: a charging socket connectable to a fixed charging station (12); a vehicle battery connector (29) to which a vehicle battery (20) is connected; a switching device (24; 24') by means of which the charging socket (22) can be electrically connected with the vehicle battery connector (29); a first measuring device (32) which is formed to measure a first electrical variable (U) in the region of the charging socket (22)1) (ii) a A second electrical measuring device (34; 34 ') which is formed to measure a second electrical variable (U) on the side of the switching device (24; 24') facing the vehicle battery (20)3；U2) (ii) a And a control device (40) which is formed to control and/or monitor the charging process of the vehicle battery (20), wherein the control device (40) is formed and adapted to carry out the charging method according to one of the above-mentioned items 1-7.
The method according to the invention advantageously enables voltage measurements or measurements of other electrical variables to be adjusted during the charging of the vehicle battery.
When closing the switching device, the first and the second electrical variable must be exactly identical due to the spatial proximity. However, when these measuring devices provide different measurement results, then it can be assumed that: one of these measuring devices needs to be adjusted to match the other measuring device.
In one embodiment, the first measuring device, i.e. the measuring device arranged on the side of the switching device facing the charging socket, is preferably adjusted.
In the case of measurement differences, correction factors for these measuring devices can be calculated and integrated or incorporated into the software of these measuring devices.
Preferably, such adjustment is performed in each charging process. This makes it possible to maintain a high degree of accuracy in the measurement of these electrical variables over the entire operating time.
For the case that the voltage of the charging station used differs from the voltage of the battery, a converter unit, for example in the form of a DC/DC converter, can also be provided between the charging socket and the vehicle battery. In this case, it is advantageous to provide a third measuring device which is arranged between the switching device and the converter unit. In addition, for this case, the switching unit generally does not comprise two switches, for example in the basic embodiment, but three separate switches.
In this case, the measuring device between the switching device and the charging socket and/or the measuring device between the switching device and the converter unit can be adjusted.
It goes without saying that the features mentioned above and those still to be explained below can be used not only in the respectively given combination but also in other combinations or alone without departing from the scope of the invention.
Drawings
Embodiments of the present invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described in more detail in the following description. In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a vehicle with a charging device at a charging station;
fig. 2 shows a time diagram of the electrical measured variable and the switch position of a switching device;
FIG. 3 shows a time sequence of successive adjustment processes with corresponding measurement differences;
fig. 4 shows a diagram similar to fig. 1 of a further embodiment of a charging device; and is
Fig. 5 shows a schematic illustration of a flow chart of a charging method according to the invention.
Detailed Description
In fig. 1, a motor vehicle 10 is schematically shown, which is arranged at a charging station 12. The charging station 12 has a charging terminal 14, which can provide a charging voltage of 400 volts or a charging voltage of 800 volts, for example. The charging terminal 14 is typically connected by a cable to a charging plug 16, at which a charging voltage is provided.
A vehicle battery 20 is arranged on the vehicle 10 for storing electric power for a drive motor of the vehicle 10, i.e. in general, the vehicle battery has a capacity of more than 1 kilowatt-hour, in particular more than 10 kilowatt-hours.
Furthermore, a charging socket 22 is arranged on the vehicle 10, into which the charging plug 16 can be plugged. The charging socket 22 is preferably provided outside the vehicle body.
A switching device 24, which has a first switch S2 and a second switch S3 here, is arranged between the charging socket 22 and the vehicle battery 20. The switch may be formed as a switching device for high voltage applications, for example as a contactor.
The first switch S2 is arranged in the first line 26 between the charging socket 22 and the vehicle battery 20. The second switch S3 is arranged in the second line 28 between the charging socket 22 and the vehicle battery 20.
The vehicle battery 20 is connected to the first line 26 and the second line 28 in the region of a vehicle battery connector 29.
In addition, the charging socket 22 and the vehicle battery 20 are coupled to each other through communication lines 30a, 30b and a control device. Typically, these communication lines are bidirectional.
Not shown are: the charging device can also be in preferably likewise bidirectional communication with the charging station 12 via the charging socket 22 and the charging plug 16.
Between the switching device 24 and the charging socket 22, a measuring device for measuring a first electrical variable (in this case the voltage U)1) To (1) aA measuring device. Between the switching device 24 and the vehicle battery 20 or the vehicle battery connector 29, a device for measuring a second electrical variable (preferably the voltage U) is provided3) And a second measuring device 34.
The first measuring device 32 measures the first measurement result U1meansIs provided to the control device. The second measuring device 34 measures the result U in a corresponding manner3meansTo the control device 40.
A charging apparatus 50 for a motor vehicle 10 is generally shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 2 shows a timing diagram of the charging process.
At a point in time t0The charging plug 16 is connected to the charging socket 22. At this point in time, the switches S2, S3 of the switching device are opened. At a point in time t1First, a so-called "precharge" process is started, in which the charging voltage U1Is adapted or set to correspond to this voltage U3Of the target value of (c). When the charging voltage is at t2When the rated value is reached, can be at t3Closing these switches S2, S3 and charging the voltage U1Sum voltage U3And (6) adjusting.
The charging process is carried out at a time t4So that no current is exchanged between the charging socket 22 and the battery 20. Since at this point in time the switches S2, S3 are closed, the voltages U can be set in the heated state of the switches S1, S2, S31And U3. After adjustment, at the time point t5These switches S2, S3 are turned on again.
Since the measurement results U are in the case of the closing of the switching device 24, in particular due to the spatial proximity within the vehicle1meansAnd U3meansIn practice it must be the same, so adjustments are made.
Thus, the difference Δ U is measured in the presence of1It is assumed that: the first measuring device 32 provides a certain measuring error, which can be corrected by the adjustment according to the invention.
Shown in FIG. 3, at different points in time T1、T2A corresponding adjustment procedure is performed. In this case, corresponding measurement differences can occur, which are correspondingly expressed as Δ Ua、ΔUbEtc. are schematically shown.
In the event of a measurement difference Δ U, the measurement difference is not allowed to exceed a predetermined first difference threshold Δ Umax1. Otherwise an error message is output, since it can be assumed that the measuring device is faulty.
Alternatively, the measured differences Δ U over successive adjustment processes can be added. Therefore, the sum of the measurement differences is always obtained. Here, these measurement differences can assume positive or negative values. For example the measurement difference Δ UcIs negative, so that at T3After which the sum of these measurement differences is again less than at T3Before.
At a time point T5The sum of these measurement differences exceeds a second difference threshold value DeltaUmax2. This means that the measuring device concerned is assumed to be faulty, so that at time T5Outputting a fault signal F.
Preferably, Δ Umax2Greater than Δ Umax1。
Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of a charging device 50', which corresponds in terms of construction and mode of operation substantially to the charging device 50 of fig. 1. Accordingly, like elements are characterized by like reference numerals. These differences are explained in general hereinafter.
In the charging device 50 ', a converter unit 60 is provided between the switching device 24' and the vehicle battery 20, which converter unit can be formed, for example, as a direct-current voltage converter, in particular as a direct-current voltage booster (DC/DC booster).
Furthermore, a third line 62 with a third switch S1 is provided between the first measuring device 32 and the second measuring device 34.
In addition, a voltage U for measurement is provided between the switching device 24' and the converter unit 602An additional measuring device 34'.
In the case where the charging socket 22 is connected to a charging station 14 which, for example, provides a first charging voltage of, for example, 800 volts, the switches S1, S3 are closed for charging. In the case of a charging station connected to the charging socket 22 providing a second, lower charging voltage (for example 400 volts), the switches S2, S3 are closed for charging, so that by means of the converter unit 60, which steps up the low charging voltage provided at the charging socket 22 to a higher voltage for the high-voltage battery, for example 800 volts, a charging process takes place.
During a charging process in which a lower charging voltage is provided at a charging station and the converter unit 60 is used, the measuring device 34' can be adjusted with the measuring device 32, in particular in the same way as described above for adjusting the measuring device 32 to the measuring device 34.
Fig. 5 shows a method for charging a vehicle battery. In step L1, the charging apparatus is in a fixed state.
In a step L2, the second measuring device 34 is adjusted to the battery voltage, i.e. U is adjusted3Is adjusted to UBATT。
In step L3, it is determined whether the charging process is carried out at a high-voltage charging station with 800 volts or at a normal charging station with 400 volts.
In the case of a charging process at a high-voltage charging station with 800 volts, a charging process at such a charging station is started in step L4.
In step L5, U is added1Is adjusted to U3。
In step L6, the charging process terminates.
On the other hand, when it is decided in step L3 that the charging process is performed at a charging station having 400 volts, the charging process is started at such a charging station in step L7.
In step L8, U is added2Is adjusted to U1。
Generally, it is proposed according to DIN 61851-23 that the vehicle must be able to be disconnected from the charging socket by means of a switching device or a disconnection apparatus (contactor). When a charging cable having a charging plug is inserted, the charging plug is turned onAnd (5) a dynamic charging process. In this case, the switching device 24 is first opened; 24'. Then, a preparation "pre-charge" is made before charging, in which the voltage at the charging socket (voltage U) provided by the charging station is to be provided1) Voltage (voltage measurement U) with the vehicle battery 203) And (6) matching. When in U1And U3If the measured difference between these values is less than the limit value, the switching device 24 or 24' is closed.
According to DIN 61851-22 in U1And U3The limit value of the voltage difference between is exactly 20 volts. Preferably, the limit value is smaller, for example 10 volts. Assuming a maximum voltage of 800 volts, 10 volts corresponds to exactly 1.25% of 800 volts. For U1And U3Thus requiring a measurement accuracy of at least 1.25% so that the voltage difference can be evaluated. Therefore, including safety considerations, the accuracy with which this voltage measurement is derived must be less than 1%. This requirement is generally difficult to achieve, preferably over the set operating time of the components of 15 years and over all temperature ranges, which in the prior art leads to expensive and costly measuring circuits.
According to the invention, the switching means 24 or 24' are closed after the preparation process (voltage adaptation) has succeeded. By means of these measuring devices U1And U3The spatial proximity of (a) may assume: u shape1actual＝U3actual. This phase of the charging process can be used in order to adjust or match the measuring devices to or towards one another (here, preferably a correction factor is generated which is stored in the software for one of the two measuring devices). By heating these components, a plurality of correction factors for different temperatures can be determined.
Since such adjustments can be performed during each charging process, it is possible to: for U1And U3The two measuring devices of (1) are not dispersed from each other over their service life (nicet aeseinandentriften). Simpler measuring circuits can thus be used, which may not themselves fulfill the measurement accuracy requirements over the lifetime.
The principle according to the invention can be applied to voltage measurement, however, when an operating state is produced in which the assumption that the currents of different sensors have the same value is reasonable, the principle of the invention is applied to current measurement.
The correction factor of a sensor or measuring device can be limited to the maximum possible value (e.g. Δ U)max2). This limitation can be done in absolute value as well as in time. When such a value is reached, it can be assumed that the measuring device is faulty.

Claims (9)

1. Method for charging a vehicle battery (20) which stores electric power for a drive motor of a vehicle (10), wherein the vehicle battery (20) is electrically connected to a charging socket (22) via a switching device (24; 24'), having the following steps:
-measuring a first electrical variable (U) on the side of the switching device (24; 24') facing the charging socket (22) by means of a first measuring device (32)1)，
-measuring a second electrical variable (U) on the side of the switching device (24) facing the vehicle battery (20) by means of a second measuring device (34; 34')/e3；U2)，
-converting the first electrical variable (U)1) And the second electrical variable (U)3；U2) Comparing and determining when the first electrical variable (U)1) And the second electrical variable (U)3；U2) Substantially in unison, closing the switching means (24; 24'),
-measuring the first electrical variable (U) during the closing of the switching device (24; 24')/the1) And the second electrical variable (U)3；U2) And is and
-during the closing of the switching device (24; 24'), based on the first electrical variable (U)1) And the second electrical variable (U)3；U2) Is measured by a first measurement difference (Δ U) between the measurement results of1) To adjust the relative position of the first measuring device (32) and the second measuring device (34; 34').
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the second electrical variable (U) is measured before closing the switching device (24; 24')3) And a battery electrical variable (U)BATT) Based on the second electrical variable (U)3) And the electrical variable (U) of the batteryBATT) Second measured difference (Δ U) therebetween2) To adjust the second measuring device (34).
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second electrical variable (U) is measured at the vehicle battery (20)3)。
4. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second electrical variable (U) is measured in the area between the switching device (24') and a converter unit (60)2) The converter unit (60) is connected between the switching device (34') and the vehicle battery (20).
5. Method according to claim 2, wherein for a first measured difference (Δ U)1) Or the second measured difference (. DELTA.U)2) Exceeds a predetermined first difference threshold (Δ U)max1) In case (2), an error message (F) is output.
6. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein adjustment processes (T) are added one after the other1，T2,..) measured difference (Δ U)a，ΔUb,..), wherein when the sum of the measured differences calculated in this way exceeds a predetermined second difference threshold (Δ U)max2) An error message (F) is output.
7. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first electrical variable (U)1) And the second electrical variable (U)3；U2) Is a voltage or current or resistance.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the vehicle battery (20) is a high voltage vehicle battery.
9. Charging device (50) for a motor vehicle (10), having: a charging socket connectable to a fixed charging station (12); a vehicle battery connector (29) to which a vehicle battery (20) is connected; a switching device (24; 24') by means of which the charging socket (22) can be electrically connected with the vehicle battery connector (29); a first measuring device (32) which is formed to measure a first electrical variable (U) in the region of the charging socket (22)1) (ii) a A second electrical measuring device (34; 34 ') which is formed to measure a second electrical variable (U) on the side of the switching device (24; 24') facing the vehicle battery (20)3；U2) (ii) a And a control device (40) which is formed to control and/or monitor the charging process of the vehicle battery (20), wherein the control device (40) is formed and adapted to carry out the charging method according to one of claims 1 to 8.
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