CN107403956A - Electrolyte and lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Electrolyte and lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN107403956A CN107403956A CN201610334613.8A CN201610334613A CN107403956A CN 107403956 A CN107403956 A CN 107403956A CN 201610334613 A CN201610334613 A CN 201610334613A CN 107403956 A CN107403956 A CN 107403956A
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- dintrile
- maleonitrile
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of electrolyte and lithium ion battery.The electrolyte includes：Lithium salts；Organic solvent；And additive.The organic solvent includes carboxylate compound.The additive includes the dinitrile compound containing carbon-carbon double bond and silylation sulfate compound.After the electrolyte of the present invention is applied in lithium ion battery, high-temperature storage performance, high temperature cyclic performance and the high rate performance of lithium ion battery can be improved simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of lithium, more particularly to a kind of electrolyte and lithium ion battery.
Background technology
In the information age of rapid development, to the demands of the electronic products such as mobile phone, notebook, camera by
Year increase.Working power of the lithium ion battery as electronic product, has that energy density is high, memoryless effect
Should, the features such as operating voltage is high, just progressively substituting traditional Ni-Cd, MH-Ni battery.However as
The expansion of electronics market demand and power, the development of energy storage device, people want to lithium ion battery
Continuous improvement is asked, exploitation is with high-energy-density and meets that the lithium ion battery of fast charging and discharging turns into when business
It is anxious.At present, effective method is to improve the voltage of electrode material, compacted density and the suitable electricity of selection
Solve liquid.
At present, the wide variety of electrolyte of lithium ion battery include using lithium hexafluoro phosphate as electric conducting lithium salt and with
The admixture solvent of cyclic carbonate and linear carbonate, however above-mentioned electrolyte still suffer from it is many not
Foot, specifically under high voltages, the poor-performing of lithium ion battery, for example, high temperature cyclic performance it is poor,
High-temperature storage performance difference and high rate performance are poor.
The content of the invention
In view of problem present in background technology, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of electrolyte and lithium from
Sub- battery, after the electrolyte is applied in lithium ion battery, the height of lithium ion battery can be improved simultaneously
Warm storage performance, high temperature cyclic performance and high rate performance.
In order to achieve the above object, in one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a kind of electrolyte, its
Including：Lithium salts；Organic solvent；And additive.The organic solvent includes carboxylate compound.Institute
Stating additive includes the dinitrile compound containing carbon-to-carbon double bond and silylation sulfate compound.
In another aspect of this invention, the invention provides a kind of lithium ion battery, it is included according to this hair
Electrolyte described in bright one side.
Relative to prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
Due to the dinitrile compound including carboxylate compound, containing carbon-to-carbon double bond in the electrolyte of the present invention
And silylation sulfate compound, after the electrolyte is applied in lithium ion battery, it is possible to increase lithium
High-temperature storage performance, high temperature cyclic performance and the high rate performance of ion battery.Particularly, it is possible to increase lithium
Ion battery storage performance at high temperature under high pressure and cycle performance, while also improve lithium ion battery and exist
High rate performance under HTHP.
Embodiment
The following detailed description of the electrolyte and lithium ion battery according to the present invention.
Illustrate electrolyte according to a first aspect of the present invention first.
Electrolyte according to a first aspect of the present invention includes：Lithium salts；Organic solvent；And additive.Institute
Stating organic solvent includes carboxylate compound.The additive includes the dinitrile compound containing carbon-to-carbon double bond
And silylation sulfate compound.
In electrolyte according to a first aspect of the present invention, carboxylate compound is used to improve lithium ion battery
High rate performance, but when carboxylate compound is applied to high voltage system, easily cause carboxylate chemical combination
The oxidation Decomposition of thing.In addition, when the high-temperature lithium ion battery based on carboxylate compound circulates, battery holds
Amount loss is serious, and high temperature cyclic performance, high-temperature storage performance deterioration are serious.Nitrile compounds (refer to and contained
Have-CN compound) it can be complexed with positive pole, interface side reaction when reducing high temperature, suppress aerogenesis, but
Also reduce the dynamic performance of lithium ion battery；And nitrile compounds are unstable in negative pole, it is stronger
Electrophilic characteristic so that be readily obtained electronics, reduction reaction occur, its reduzate itrile group is unstable,
Easily deposit on negative pole, influence the performance of negative pole.To solve because addition nitrile compounds cause negative polarity
Can be poor the problem of, the present invention are formed it into containing carbon-to-carbon by introducing carbon-to-carbon double bond in nitrile compounds
The dinitrile compound of double bond, decomposition of the conventional nitrile compounds in negative pole can be suppressed.Silylation sulfuric ester
Compound has higher reduction potential, prior to organic solvent in cathode film formation, can suppress carboxylate
The reduction decomposition of compound, reduce cathode interface impedance, so as to improve the high temperature circulation of lithium ion battery
Energy.Silylation sulfate compound can improve nitrile compounds to negative in the preferential film forming of negative terminal surface simultaneously
The deterioration of pole.
Due to the dinitrile compound including carboxylate compound, containing carbon-to-carbon double bond in the electrolyte of the present invention
And silylation sulfate compound, after the electrolyte is applied in lithium ion battery, it can give full play to
The concertedness of carboxylate compound, the dinitrile compound containing carbon-to-carbon double bond and silylation sulfate compound
Matter, while improve high-temperature storage performance, high temperature cyclic performance and the high rate performance of lithium ion battery.
In electrolyte described according to a first aspect of the present invention, the dintrile chemical combination containing carbon-to-carbon double bond
Thing can be the dinitrile compound containing carbon-to-carbon double bond of chain.Specifically, it is described containing carbon-to-carbon double bond
One or more of the dinitrile compound in the compound shown in following formula 1, formula 2.R11、R12、
R21、R22It is each independently selected from H, the alkyl that carbon number is 1~20, carbon number are 1~20
Alkyl halide alkyl in one kind.R23、R24It is each independently selected from the alkylene hydrocarbon that carbon number is 1~20
Halo alkylene alkyl that alkylene oxide group that base, carbon number are 1~20, carbon number are 1~20, carbon are former
Subnumber is one kind in 1~20 halo alkyleneoxy.One kind in F, Cl, Br of halogen atom or
It is several.Preferably, one or more of the halogen atom in F, Cl.
In above-mentioned formula 1, formula 2, work as R11、R12、R21、R22Being each independently selected from carbon number is
During 1~20 alkyl, the specific species of alkyl is not exposed to specific limitation, can be according to the actual requirements
Selected.Such as chain alkyl and cyclic alkane base, wherein chain alkyl include straight chain again
Alkyl and branched alkane alkyl.In addition, it can not can also be contained and take with substituted base on cyclic alkane base
Dai Ji.In the alkyl, the preferable lower limit of carbon number can be 1,3,5, in alkyl
The preferable higher limit of carbon number can be 3,5,6,7,8,10,12,16.
Preferably, R11、R12、R21、R22It is each independently selected from the alkyl that carbon number is 1~10.
It is further preferred that R11、R12、R21、R22It is each independently selected from the chain that carbon number is 1~6
Alkyl or the cyclic alkane base that carbon number is 3~8.It is further preferred that R11、R12、R21、
R22It is each independently selected from the chain alkyl that carbon number is 1~4 or the ring-type that carbon number is 5~7
Alkyl.
Specifically, carbon number be 1~20 alkyl be selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl,
Cyclopropyl, normal-butyl, isobutyl group, sec-butyl, the tert-butyl group, cyclobutyl, just defending base, different defending base, uncle
Defend base, newly defend base, cyclopenta, 2,2- dimethyl propyls, 1- ethyl propyls, 1- methyl butyls, 2- methyl
Butyl, n-hexyl, isohesyl, 2- hexyls, 3- hexyls, cyclohexyl, 2- methyl amyls, 3- methyl amyls,
1,1,2- thmethylpropyls, 3,3- dimethylbutyls, n-heptyl, 2- heptyl, 3- heptyl, 2- methylhexyls,
3- methylhexyls, 4- methylhexyls, different heptyl, suberyl, n-octyl, cyclooctyl, nonyl, decyl,
Hendecane alkyl, dodecane alkyl, tridecane alkyl, tetradecane alkyl, pentadecane alkyl, hexadecane
One kind in alkyl, heptadecane alkyl, octadecane alkyl, nonadecane alkyl, eicosane alkyl.
In above-mentioned formula 1, formula 2, work as R11、R12、R21、R22Being each independently selected from carbon number is
During 1~20 alkyl halide alkyl, the substitution number and its position of substitution of the halogen atom in alkyl halide alkyl are not
There is special limitation, can be selected according to the actual requirements.Specifically, the number of halogen atom can be 1,
2,3 or 4.When the number of halogen atom is more than 2, the species of halogen atom can with identical,
Can also be entirely different, can also part it is identical.The alkyl halide alkyl can be chain alkyl halide alkyl,
It can also be cyclic halo alkyl.Chain alkyl halide alkyl includes straight chain alkyl halide alkyl and side chain halogen again
For alkyl.Substituent can not can also be contained with substituted base on cyclic halo alkyl.Described
In alkyl halide alkyl, the preferable lower limit of carbon number can be 1,3,4, carbon number it is preferable
Higher limit can be 3,4,6,7,8,10,12,16.
Preferably, R11、R12、R21、R22It is each independently selected from the alkyl halide that carbon number is 1~10
Alkyl.It is further preferred that R11、R12、R21、R22Carbon number is each independently selected from as 1~6
Chain alkyl halide alkyl or carbon number be 3~8 cyclic halo alkyl.It is further preferred that
R11、R12、R21、R22It is each independently selected from the chain alkyl halide alkyl or carbon that carbon number is 1~4
Atomicity is 5~7 cyclic halo alkyl.
Specifically, the alkyl halide alkyl that carbon number is 1~20 is selected from chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichlorine
Methyl, 1- chloroethyls, 1,2- Dichloroethyls, 2- chlorine n-propyl, bis- chloro- n-propyls of 2,2-, 1- chloro isopropyls,
One chlorine cyclopropyl, 1- chloro-n-butyls, 2- chlorine isobutyl group, a chlorine cyclobutyl, 1- chlorine are just defending base, 2- chlorine is just defended
Base, 1- chlorine are different to defend base, 2,2- dichloromethyls propyl group, a chlorine cyclopenta, the chloro- 2,2- dimethyl propyls of 3-, 1-
The chloro- 1- methyl butyls of chloro- 1- ethyl propyls, 1-, 2- chloro-2-methyls butyl, 2- chlorine n-hexyl, a chlorine hexamethylene
Base, 2- chloromethyls amyl group, the chloro- 3- methyl amyls of 3-, the chloro- 1,1,2- thmethylpropyls of 2-, the chloro- 3,3- diformazans of 4-
One kind in base butyl, 2- chlorine n-heptyls.In above-mentioned enumerated example, Cl atoms can also by F,
The substitution of one or both of Br parts or all substitution.
In above-mentioned formula 1, formula 2, work as R23、R24It is each independently selected from the Asia that carbon number is 1~20
During alkyl, alkylene alkyl can be that chain alkylene alkyl is alternatively ring-type alkylene alkyl.Chain alkylene alkyl
Include straight chain alkylene alkyl and branched alkylen alkyl again.Can also may be used on ring-type alkylene alkyl with substituted base
Not contain substituent.In addition, in the alkylene alkyl, the preferable lower limit of carbon number can be
1st, 3,4, the preferable higher limit of carbon number can be 3,4,6,8,10,12,16.
Preferably, R23、R24It is each independently selected from the alkylene alkyl that carbon number is 1~10.Further
Preferably, R23、R24It is each independently selected from the chain alkylene alkyl or carbon atom that carbon number is 1~6
Number is 3~8 ring-type alkylene alkyl.It is further preferred that R23、R24It is each independently selected from carbon original
The ring-type alkylene alkyl that the chain alkylene alkyl or carbon number that subnumber is 1~4 are 5~7.
Specifically, it is sub- that the alkylene alkyl that carbon number is 1~20 is selected from methylene, 1,2- ethylidene, 1,3-
Propyl group, 2- methyl isophthalic acids, 3- propylidene, 1,3- dimethylpropylidenes, 1- methyl isophthalic acids, 2- ethylidene, 1,1- diformazan
Base ethylidene, 1,2- dimethylethylenes, 1,4- butylidenes, 1,5- pentylidene, 1,6- hexylidenes, 1,1,4,4-
In tetramethyl butylidene, cyclopropylidene, sub- cyclobutyl, cyclohexylidene, cycloheptylidene, cyclooctylene
It is a kind of.
In above-mentioned formula 1, formula 2, work as R23、R24It is each independently selected from the Asia that carbon number is 1~20
During alkoxy, alkylene oxide group can be that chain alkylene oxide group is alternatively ring-type alkylene oxide group.Chain alkylene oxide group
Include straight chain alkylene oxide group and branched alkylen epoxide again.Can also may be used in ring-type alkylene oxide group with substituted base
Not contain substituent.The number containing oxygen atom can be 1,2,3 or 4 in alkylene oxide group
It is individual.Preferably 1 or 2.In addition, in the alkylene oxide group, the preferable lower limit of carbon number
Value can be 1,3,4, the preferable higher limit of carbon number can be 3,4,6,7,8,10,12,
16。
Preferably, R23、R24It is each independently selected from the alkylene oxide group that carbon number is 1~10.Further
Preferably, R23、R24It is each independently selected from the chain alkylene oxide group or carbon atom that carbon number is 1~6
Number is 3~8 ring-type alkylene oxide group.It is further preferred that R23、R24It is each independently selected from carbon original
The ring-type alkylene oxide group that the chain alkylene oxide group or carbon number that subnumber is 1~4 are 5~7.
Specifically, the alkylene oxide group that carbon number is 1~20 is selected from methylene epoxide, 1,3- inferior ethoxyls, Isosorbide-5-Nitrae
Sub- propoxyl group, 2- methyl isophthalic acids, 3- inferior ethoxyls, 1,5- Aden epoxide, 2- methyl isophthalic acids, 4 sub- propoxyl group, 2,2-
Dimethyl -1,3- inferior ethoxyls, 1,6- Asias defend epoxide, 4- methyl isophthalic acids, in 5 Aden's epoxides, 1,7- Asias hexyloxy
One kind.
In above-mentioned formula 1, formula 2, work as R23、R24It is each independently selected from the halogen that carbon number is 1~20
During for alkylene alkyl, the substitution number and its position of substitution of the halogen atom in halo alkylene alkyl do not have spy
Other limitation, it can be selected according to the actual requirements.Specifically, the number of halogen atom can be 1,2
It is individual, 3 or 4.When the number of halogen atom is more than 2, the species of halogen atom can with identical,
Can also be entirely different, can also part it is identical.Halo alkylene alkyl can be chain halo alkylene alkyl
It can be cyclic halo alkylene alkyl.Chain halo alkylene alkyl includes straight chain halo alkylene alkyl and side chain again
Halo alkylene alkyl.Substituent can not can also be contained with substituted base on cyclic halo alkylene alkyl.
In addition, in the halo alkylene alkyl, the preferable lower limit of carbon number can be 1,3,4, carbon
The preferable higher limit of atomicity can be 3,4,6,7,8,10,12,16.
Preferably, R23、R24It is each independently selected from the halo alkylene alkyl that carbon number is 1~10.Enter
One step preferably, R23、R24It is each independently selected from the chain halo alkylene alkyl that carbon number is 1~6
Or the cyclic halo alkylene alkyl that carbon number is 3~8.It is further preferred that R23、R24Each solely
The cyclic halo that the chain halo alkylene alkyl or carbon number for being on the spot 1~4 selected from carbon number are 5~7
Alkylene alkyl.
Specifically, carbon number be 1~20 halo alkylene alkyl be selected from chlorine methylene, dichloromethylene,
The chloro- 1,3- propylidene of chlorethylidene, 1,2- dichloro-ethylidenes, 2-, the chloro- 1,3- propylidene of 2,2- bis-, 2- chloromethanes
Chloro- 1, the 3- dimethylpropylidenes of base -1,3- propylidene, 1,3- bis-, chloromethyl -1,2- ethylidene, 1,1- dichloromethane
The chloro- 1,2- dimethylethylenes of base ethylidene, 1,2- bis-, 1,4- dichloros butylidene, 1,2- dichloros butylidene,
1,3- dichloros butylidene, 1,5- dichloros pentylidene, 1,2- dichloros pentylidene, 1,3- dichloros pentylidene, 1,4- bis-
Chlorine pentylidene, 1,2- dichloros hexylidene, 1,3- dichloros hexylidene, 1,4- dichloros hexylidene, 1,5- dichloros it is sub- oneself
One kind in base, 1,6- dichloros hexylidene, 1,1,4,4- tetrachloro methylbutylenes.In above-mentioned enumerated reality
In example, Cl atoms can also substitute by the substitution of one or both of F, Br part or all.
In above-mentioned formula 1, formula 2, work as R23、R24It is each independently selected from the halogen that carbon number is 1~20
During for alkylene oxide group, the substitution number and its position of substitution of the halogen atom in halo alkyleneoxy do not have spy
Other limitation, it can be selected according to the actual requirements.Specifically, the number of halogen atom can be 1,2
It is individual, 3 or 4.When the number of halogen atom is more than 2, the species of halogen atom can with identical,
Can also be entirely different, can also part it is identical.Halo alkyleneoxy can be chain halo alkyleneoxy
It can be cyclic halo alkylene oxide group.Chain halo alkyleneoxy includes straight chain halo alkyleneoxy and side chain again
Halo alkyleneoxy.Substituent can not can also be contained with substituted base in cyclic halo alkylene oxide group.
In addition, in the halo alkyleneoxy, the preferable lower limit of carbon number can be 1,3,4, carbon
The preferable higher limit of atomicity can be 3,4,6,7,8,10,12,16.
Preferably, R23、R24It is each independently selected from the halo alkyleneoxy that carbon number is 1~10.Enter
One step preferably, R23、R24It is each independently selected from the chain halo alkyleneoxy that carbon number is 1~6
Or the cyclic halo alkylene oxide group that carbon number is 3~8.It is further preferred that R23、R24Each solely
The cyclic halo that the chain halo alkyleneoxy or carbon number for being on the spot 1~4 selected from carbon number are 5~7
Alkylene oxide group.
Specifically, the halo alkyleneoxy that carbon number is 1~20 is 1~20 selected from above-mentioned carbon number
Alkylene oxide group is by one kind in the compound after halo.Specifically, the halo that carbon number is 1~20 is sub-
The one kind of alkoxy in the epoxide of difluoro methylene two, tetrafluoro ethylene epoxide.Enumerated above-mentioned
Example in, Cl atoms can also by one or both of F, Br part substitution or all substitute.
In electrolyte described according to a first aspect of the present invention, the dintrile chemical combination containing carbon-to-carbon double bond
Thing may include maleonitrile, methyl butene dintrile, ethyl maleonitrile, n-propyl maleonitrile, isopropyl
Base maleonitrile, normal-butyl maleonitrile, isobutyl group maleonitrile, sec-butyl maleonitrile, the tert-butyl group
Maleonitrile, n-pentyl maleonitrile, isopentyl maleonitrile, cyclopenta maleonitrile, 1,2- diformazans
Base maleonitrile, 1,2- diethyl maleonitrile, 1,2- dipropyl maleonitrile, 1,2- diisopropyl butylene
Dintrile, 1,2- dibutyl maleonitrile, 1,2- diisobutyls maleonitrile, 1,2- di-t-butyls maleonitrile,
3- hexenes dintrile, 3- methyl -3- hexenes dintrile, 3- ethyl -3- hexenes dintrile, 3- n-propyl -3- hexenes dintrile,
3,4- dimethyl -3- hexenes dintrile, 3,4- di-t-butyl -3- hexenes dintrile, 4- octenes dintrile, 4- methyl -4-
Octene dintrile, 4- ethyl -4- octenes dintrile, 4- n-propyl -4- octenes dintrile, 4- isopropyl -4- octenes dintrile,
4- normal-butyl -4- octenes dintrile, the 4- tert-butyl group -4- octenes dintrile, 4- cyclohexyl -4- octenes dintrile, 4- positive penta
One or more in base -4- octene dintrile.
In electrolyte described according to a first aspect of the present invention, the dintrile chemical combination containing carbon-to-carbon double bond
Thing may also include the foregoing dinitrile compound containing carbon-to-carbon double bond by one or more of portions in F, Cl, Br
The one or more divided in substitution or the compound all substituted.Specifically, the halo chemical combination of maleonitrile
Thing can be 1,2,3,4- tetrafluoro maleonitriles.
In electrolyte described according to a first aspect of the present invention, the silylation sulfate compound is selected from
The one or more in compound shown in following formula 3.R31、R32、R33、R34、R35、R36Each
Alkylene that the alkyl for being 1~5 independently selected from carbon number, carbon number are 2~5, carbon number
The alkoxy for being 1~5 for 2~5 alkynes base, carbon number, alkyl, alkylene, alkynes base, alkane
The H of epoxide can be partly or entirely by the one or more in F, Cl, Br, cyano group, carboxyl, sulfonic group
Substitution.
In electrolyte described according to a first aspect of the present invention, the silylation sulfate compound
Selected from double (trimethyl silicon substrate) sulfuric esters, double (triethyl group silicon substrate) sulfuric esters, double (three n-propyl silicon substrates)
Sulfuric ester, double (triisopropylsilyl) sulfuric esters, double (three normal-butyl silicon substrates) sulfuric esters, double (three isobutyls
Base silicon substrate) it is sulfuric ester, double (tri-tert silicon substrate) sulfuric esters, double (trimethoxy silicon substrate) sulfuric esters, double
(triethoxy silicon substrate) sulfuric ester, double (three positive propoxy silicon substrates) sulfuric esters, double (three isopropoxy silicon substrates)
Sulfuric ester, double (three n-butoxy silicon substrates) sulfuric esters, double (three sec-butoxy silicon substrates) sulfuric esters, double (three
Tert-butoxy silicon substrate) sulfuric ester, double (trifluoromethyl silicon substrate) sulfuric esters, trimethyl silicon substrate triethyl group silicon
One kind in base sulfuric ester, double (trivinyl silicon substrate) sulfuric esters, double (three acetenyl silicon substrates) sulfuric esters
It is or several.
In electrolyte described according to a first aspect of the present invention, the carboxylate compound can be chain carboxylic
Ester compound.Specifically, the carboxylate compound in the compound shown in following formula 4 one
Kind is several.R41、R42Being each independently selected from alkyl, carbon number that carbon number is 1~10 is
One kind in 1~10 alkyl halide alkyl.Wherein, one or more of the halogen atom in F, Cl, Br.
In above-mentioned formula 4, work as R41、R42It is each independently selected from the alkyl that carbon number is 1~10
When, alkyl can be chain alkyl, or cyclic alkane base.Wherein chain alkyl includes straight again
Alkenyl group and branched alkane alkyl.In addition, it be able to can also not contained with substituted base on cyclic alkane base
Substituent.In the alkyl, the preferable lower limit of carbon number can be 1,2,3, carbon atom
Several preferable higher limits can be 4,5,6,7,8,10.
Preferably, R41、R42It is each independently selected from the chain alkyl or carbon original that carbon number is 1~6
Subnumber is 3~8 cyclic alkane base.It is further preferred that R41、R42It is each independently selected from carbon original
The cyclic alkane base that the chain alkyl or carbon number that subnumber is 1~4 are 5~7.
Specifically, carbon number be 1~10 alkyl be selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl,
Cyclopropyl, normal-butyl, isobutyl group, sec-butyl, the tert-butyl group, cyclobutyl, just defending base, different defending base, uncle
Defend base, newly defend base, cyclopenta, 2,2 dimethyl propyls, 1- ethyl propyls, 1- methyl butyls, 2- methyl
Butyl, n-hexyl, isohesyl, 2- hexyls, 3- hexyls, cyclohexyl, 2- methyl amyls, 3- methyl amyls,
1,1,2- thmethylpropyls, 3,3- dimethylbutyls, n-heptyl, 2- heptyl, 3- heptyl, 2- methylhexyls,
3- methylhexyls, 4- methylhexyls, different heptyl, suberyl, n-octyl, cyclooctyl, nonyl, decyl
In one kind.
In above-mentioned formula 4, work as R41、R42It is each independently selected from the alkyl halide that carbon number is 1~10
During alkyl, the not special limit of substitution number and its position of substitution of the halogen atom in alkyl halide alkyl
System, can be selected according to the actual requirements.Specifically, the number of halogen atom can be 1,2,3
It is individual or 4.When the number of halogen atom is more than 2, the species of halogen atom can be with identical, can also
It is entirely different, can also part it is identical.Alkyl halide alkyl can be that chain alkyl halide alkyl is alternatively ring-type halogen
For alkyl.Chain alkyl halide alkyl includes straight chain alkyl halide alkyl and side chain alkyl halide alkyl again.Ring-type
Substituent can not can also be contained with substituted base on alkyl halide alkyl.In the alkyl halide alkyl,
The preferable lower limit of carbon number can be 1,2,3, the preferable higher limit of carbon number can be 4,5,
6、7、8、10。
Preferably, R41、R42Be each independently selected from carbon number be 1~6 chain alkyl halide alkyl or
Carbon number is 3~8 cyclic halo alkyl.It is further preferred that R41、R42Independently of one another
The cyclic halo alkane that the chain alkyl halide alkyl or carbon number for being 1~4 selected from carbon number are 5~7
Base.
Specifically, the alkyl halide alkyl that carbon number is 1~10 is selected from chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichlorine
Methyl, 1- chloroethyls, 1,2- Dichloroethyls, 2- chlorine n-propyl, bis- chloro- n-propyls of 2,2-, 1- chloro isopropyls,
One chlorine cyclopropyl, 1- chloro-n-butyls, 2- chlorine isobutyl group, a chlorine cyclobutyl, 1- chlorine are just defending base, 2- chlorine is just defended
Base, 1- chlorine are different to defend base, 2,2- dichloromethyls propyl group, a chlorine cyclopenta, the chloro- 2,2- dimethyl propyls of 3-, 1-
The chloro- 1- methyl butyls of chloro- 1- ethyl propyls, 1-, 2- chloro-2-methyls butyl, 2- chlorine n-hexyl, a chlorine hexamethylene
Base, 2- chloromethyls amyl group, the chloro- 3- methyl amyls of 3-, the chloro- 1,1,2- thmethylpropyls of 2-, the chloro- 3,3- diformazans of 4-
One kind in base butyl, 2- chlorine n-heptyls.In above-mentioned enumerated example, Cl atoms can also by F,
The substitution of one or both of Br parts or all substitution.
In electrolyte described according to a first aspect of the present invention, specifically, the carboxylate chemical combination
Thing may include ethyl acetate (EA), ethyl propionate (EP), ethyl valerate, ethyl isovalerate,
Propyl propionate, butyl propionate, isobutyl propionate, butyl butyrate, butyl isobutyrate, amyl butyrate,
Isoamyl butyrate, amyl propionate, isoamyl propionate, ethyl propionate, isopropyl acetoacetic ester, butyric acid second
In ester, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl valerate, propyl valerate, propyl isovalerate, ethyl isovalerate
It is one or more of.The carboxylate compound may also include ethyl acetate (EA), ethyl propionate (EP),
Ethyl valerate, ethyl isovalerate, propyl propionate, butyl propionate, isobutyl propionate, butyl butyrate,
Butyl isobutyrate, amyl butyrate, isoamyl butyrate, amyl propionate, isoamyl propionate, propionic acid second
Ester, isopropyl acetoacetic ester, ethyl butyrate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl valerate, propyl valerate, isoamyl
Propyl propionate, ethyl isovalerate substitute by one or more of part substitutions in F, Cl, Br or all
Compound in one or more.Specifically, the halides of ethyl propionate can be 2- fluorine propionic acid second
Ester.
In electrolyte described according to a first aspect of the present invention, the dinitrile compound containing carbon-to-carbon double bond
Content is the 0.5%~10% of the gross weight of electrolyte.Preferably, the dinitrile compound containing carbon-to-carbon double bond
Content for electrolyte gross weight 1%~5%.
In electrolyte described according to a first aspect of the present invention, the content of silylation sulfate compound is
The 0.5%~10% of the gross weight of electrolyte.Preferably, the content of silylation sulfate compound is electrolysis
The 1%~5% of the gross weight of liquid.
In electrolyte described according to a first aspect of the present invention, the volume of the carboxylate compound is institute
State the 5%~50% of the cumulative volume of organic solvent.Preferably, the volume of the carboxylate compound is described
The 10%~40% of the cumulative volume of organic solvent.It is further preferred that the body of the carboxylate compound
Product is the 20%~35% of the cumulative volume of the organic solvent.
In electrolyte described according to a first aspect of the present invention, the organic solvent may also include carbonic ester
Class compound and its halogenated compound.The carbonats compound can be linear carbonate class compound,
Or cyclic carbonates compound.Specifically, the organic solvent also include ethylene carbonate (EC),
Propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate, pentylene, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate (DEC),
One or more in the halogenated compound of dipropyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate and aforesaid compound.Carbon
The halogenated compound of sour ethyl can be fluoroethylene carbonate.
In electrolyte described according to a first aspect of the present invention, the lithium salts is selected from LiPF6、LiBF4、
LiN(SO2F)2(being abbreviated as LiFSI), LiN (CF3SO2)2(being abbreviated as LiTFSI), LiClO4、LiAsF6、
LiB(C2O4)2(being abbreviated as LiBOB), LiBF2C2O4One kind or several in (being abbreviated as LiDFOB)
Kind.
In electrolyte described according to a first aspect of the present invention, the content of the lithium salts is the electrolyte
Gross weight 6.2%~25%.Preferably, the content of the lithium salts is the gross weight of the electrolyte
6.25%~18.8%.It is further preferred that the content of the lithium salts is the gross weight of the electrolyte
10%~15%.
In electrolyte described according to a first aspect of the present invention, electrolyte is prepared using conventional method is
Can, such as each material in electrolyte is well mixed.
Secondly the lithium ion battery of explanation according to a second aspect of the present invention, it is included according to first party of the present invention
Electrolyte described in face.
According to a second aspect of the present invention described lithium ion battery include positive plate, negative plate, barrier film and
Electrolyte.
In lithium ion battery described according to a second aspect of the present invention, the positive plate includes anode collection
Body and the positive-active pulp layer on the plus plate current-collecting body, wherein, the positive-active pulp layer
Including positive electrode active materials.Wherein, the specific species of the positive electrode active materials is not limited specifically
System, can be selected according to demand.Preferably, the positive electrode active materials are selected from cobalt acid lithium (LiCoO2)、
Lithium nickelate (LiNiO2), the LiFePO4 (LiFePO of olivine-type4), the LiMPO of olivine-type4、
The LiMn of spinel-type2O4, tertiary cathode material LiNixAyB(1-x-y)O2And
Li1-x’(A’y’B’z’C1-y’-z’)O2In one or more.Wherein, M is selected from Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, V
In one or more；A, B is each independently selected from one kind in Co, Al, Mn, and A and B
Differ；0<x<1,0<y<1 and x+y<1；0≤x’<1,0≤y '<1,0≤z '<1 and y '+z '<1；A’、
B ', C are each independently selected from one kind in Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, and A ', B ', C are differed.
In lithium ion battery described according to a second aspect of the present invention, the negative plate includes negative pole currect collecting
Body and the negative electrode active pulp layer on the negative current collector.The negative electrode active pulp layer includes negative
Pole active material.Wherein, the specific species of the negative active core-shell material is not limited specifically, can
Selected according to demand.Preferably, the negative active core-shell material can be selected from lithium metal, the negative pole
Active material can also be selected from relative to Li/Li+Lithium can be embedded in during the electrode potential ＜ 2V of equilibrium potential
Material.Specifically, the negative active core-shell material is selected from native graphite, Delanium, the micro- carbon ball of interphase
(referred to as MCMB), hard carbon, soft carbon, silicon, silico-carbo compound, Li-Sn alloys, Li-Sn-O
Alloy, Sn, SnO, SnO2, spinel structure lithiumation TiO2-Li4Ti5O12, in Li-Al alloys
It is one or more of.
With reference to embodiment, the application is expanded on further.It should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate
The application rather than limitation scope of the present application.
In the following embodiments, reagent, material and the instrument used as without special explanation,
It is commercially available.
For convenience of description, the additive used in the following embodiments is write a Chinese character in simplified form as follows：
A1：Maleonitrile, CN-CH=CH-CN
A2：Methyl butene dintrile, CN-CH=C (CH3)-CN
A3：3- ethyl -3- hexene dintrile, CN-CH2-C(CH2CH3)=CH-CH2-CN
A4：The 4- tert-butyl group -4- octene dintrile, CN-CH2-CH2-C(C(CH3))=CH-CH2-CH2-CN
A5：Adiponitrile, CN-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CN
B1：Double (trimethyl silicon substrate) sulfuric esters
B2：Double (triethyl group silicon substrate) sulfuric esters
B3：Double (trifluoromethyl silicon substrate) sulfuric esters
(1) prepared by positive plate
By positive electrode active materials cobalt acid lithium (LiCoO2), binding agent Kynoar, conductive agent acetylene black
According to weight than 98:1:1 is mixed, and adds 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE (NMP), is made in de-airing mixer
With lower stirring to system into transparent and homogeneous shape, anode sizing agent is obtained；Anode sizing agent is evenly applied to thickness
For on 12 μm of aluminium foils；Aluminium foil is transferred to 120 DEG C of oven dryings 1h, Ran Houjing after room temperature is dried
Cross cold pressing, cutting obtains positive plate.
(2) prepared by negative plate
By negative active core-shell material Delanium, thickener sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), binding agent fourth
Benzene rubber is according to weight than 98:1:1 is mixed, and adds deionized water, is obtained under de-airing mixer effect
Obtain cathode size；Cathode size is coated uniformly on the copper foil that thickness is 8 μm；Copper foil is dried in the air in room temperature
120 DEG C of oven drying 1h are transferred to after dry, then obtain negative plate by cold pressing, cutting.
(3) prepared by electrolyte
In water content<In 10ppm argon gas atmosphere glove box, by fully dry lithium salts LiPF6It is dissolved in
In organic solvent, additive is then added in organic solvent, is well mixed, and obtains electrolyte.Wherein,
LiPF6Content for electrolyte gross weight 12.5%.The composition and volume of organic solvent in electrolyte
Than as shown in table 1.The specific species and content of used additive are as shown in table 1 in electrolyte.
In table 1, the content of additive is the percetage by weight that the gross weight based on electrolyte is calculated.
(4) preparation of barrier film
From the polypropylene barrier film (model A273, being provided by Celgard companies) of 16 μ m-thicks.
(5) preparation of lithium ion battery
Positive plate, barrier film, negative plate are folded in order, barrier film is between positive and negative plate
Play a part of isolation, then winding obtains naked battery core；Naked battery core is placed in outer packing paper tinsel, will be above-mentioned
The electrolyte prepared is injected into dried naked battery core, by Vacuum Package, standing, chemical conversion, whole
The processes such as shape, obtain lithium ion battery.
The embodiment 1-12 of table 1 and comparative example 1-9 parameter
Note："-" represents not add.
Next the performance test of explanation lithium ion battery.
Test one, the high temperature cyclic performance test of lithium ion battery
At 45 DEG C, by lithium ion battery with 1C constant-current charges to 4.4V, then constant-voltage charge to electric current
For 0.05C, then with 1C constant-current discharges to 3.0V, now to circulate first, carried out according to above-mentioned condition
300 cycle charging/electric discharges, the capability retention after lithium ion battery circulates 300 times is calculated.Lithium
Ion battery circulate 300 times after capability retention=(lithium ion battery circulate 300 times after electric discharge hold
Discharge capacity after amount/circulation first) × 100%.
Test two, the high-temperature storage performance test of lithium ion battery
At 60 DEG C, by lithium ion battery with 0.5C constant-current charges to 4.4V, then constant-voltage charge is to electric current
For 0.05C, now test the thickness of lithium ion battery and be designated as h0；Lithium ion battery is put into 60 afterwards
DEG C insulating box, store 30 days, take out within the 30th day, test now the thickness of lithium ion battery and is designated as
h1.Lithium ion battery store 30 days after thickness swelling=[(h1-h0)/h0] × 100%.
Test three, the high rate performance test of lithium ion battery
At 25 DEG C, by lithium ion battery with 1C (nominal capacity) constant-current charge to 4.4V, then with perseverance
Pressure 4.4V charges to electric current≤0.05C, after shelving 5min, with 0.2C constant-current discharges to by voltage 3V,
Actual discharge capacity is now designated as D0, then with 1C constant-current charges to 4.4V, then with constant pressure 4.4V
Electric current≤0.05C is charged to, the actual discharge by voltage 3V, recorded now is finally discharged to 5C and is held
Measure as D1.The high rate performance of lithium ion battery=[(D1-D0)/D0] × 100%
The embodiment 1-12 of table 2 and comparative example 1-9 the performance test results
From the correlated results in above-mentioned table 2 it is known that the electrolyte of the present invention can give full play to carboxylate
The collaboration property of compound, the dinitrile compound containing carbon-to-carbon double bond and silylation sulfate compound, should
After using in lithium ion battery, high-temperature storage performance, the high temperature circulation of lithium ion battery can be improved simultaneously
Performance and high rate performance.
Compared to a comparative example 1, after adding carboxylate compound in comparative example 2-3, times of lithium ion battery
Rate performance is improved, but high temperature cyclic performance and high-temperature storage performance deteriorate.In comparative example 4 again
The dinitrile compound containing carbon-to-carbon double bond is added, the high temperature storage aerogenesis of lithium ion battery is improved, but
It is that high temperature cyclic performance is still poor.Silylation sulfate compound, lithium ion are added in comparative example 5-6
The high temperature cyclic performance of battery is improved, but high temperature storage aerogenesis is still undesirable.In comparative example 7-8
Carboxylate compound is added without, the high rate performance of lithium ion battery cannot improve.Used in comparative example 9
, high temperature storage aerogenesis still be present in the common dinitrile compound without carbon-to-carbon double bond.
The announcement of book according to the above description, the application those skilled in the art can also be to above-mentioned implementations
Mode carries out appropriate change and modification.Therefore, the application is not limited to tool disclosed and described above
Body embodiment, it should also be as falling into the guarantor of claims hereof to some modifications and changes of the application
In the range of shield.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of electrolyte, including：
Lithium salts；
Organic solvent；And
Additive；
Characterized in that,
The organic solvent includes carboxylate compound；
The additive includes the dinitrile compound containing carbon-to-carbon double bond and silylation sulfate compound.
2. electrolyte according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it is described containing carbon-to-carbon double bond two
One or more of the nitrile compound in the compound shown in following formula 1, formula 2；
R11、R12、R21、R22It is each independently selected from H, the alkyl that carbon number is 1~20, carbon
Atomicity is one kind in 1~20 alkyl halide alkyl；
R23、R24It is 1~20 to be each independently selected from alkylene alkyl, carbon number that carbon number is 1~20
Alkylene oxide group, carbon number be 1~20 halo alkylene alkyl, carbon number be 1~20 halo it is sub-
One kind in alkoxy；
Wherein, one or more of the halogen atom in F, Cl, Br.
3. electrolyte according to claim 2, it is characterised in that it is described containing carbon-to-carbon double bond two
Nitrile compound be selected from maleonitrile, methyl butene dintrile, ethyl maleonitrile, n-propyl maleonitrile,
Isopropyl maleonitrile, normal-butyl maleonitrile, isobutyl group maleonitrile, sec-butyl maleonitrile, uncle
Butyl maleonitrile, n-pentyl maleonitrile, isopentyl maleonitrile, cyclopenta maleonitrile, 1,2-
Neohexene dintrile, 1,2- diethyl maleonitrile, 1,2- dipropyl maleonitrile, 1,2- diisopropyls
Maleonitrile, 1,2- dibutyl maleonitrile, 1,2- diisobutyls maleonitrile, 1,2- di-t-butyl butylene
Dintrile, 3- hexenes dintrile, 3- methyl -3- hexenes dintrile, 3- ethyl -3- hexenes dintrile, 3- n-propyls -3- oneself
Alkene dintrile, 3,4- dimethyl -3- hexenes dintrile, 3,4- di-t-butyl -3- hexenes dintrile, 4- octenes dintrile, 4-
Methyl -4- octenes dintrile, 4- ethyl -4- octenes dintrile, 4- n-propyl -4- octenes dintrile, 4- isopropyls -4-
Octene dintrile, 4- normal-butyl -4- octenes dintrile, the 4- tert-butyl group -4- octenes dintrile, 4- cyclohexyl -4- octenes two
Nitrile, 4- n-pentyls -4- octenes dintrile and the foregoing dinitrile compound containing carbon-to-carbon double bond are by F, Cl, Br
In one or more of parts substitute or the compounds that all substitute in one or more.
4. electrolyte according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the silylation sulfuric ester chemical combination
One or more of the thing in the compound shown in following formula 3；
R31、R32、R33、R34、R35、R36Be each independently selected from carbon number be 1~5 alkyl,
The alkane that alkynes base that alkylene that carbon number is 2~5, carbon number are 2~5, carbon number are 1~5
Epoxide, alkyl, alkylene, alkynes base, alkoxy H can partly or entirely by F, Cl, Br,
One or more of substitutions in cyano group, carboxyl, sulfonic group.
5. electrolyte according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the silylation Sulfation
Compound is selected from double (trimethyl silicon substrate) sulfuric ester, double (triethyl group silicon substrate) sulfuric esters, double (three n-propyl silicon
Base) sulfuric ester, double (triisopropylsilyl) sulfuric esters, double (three normal-butyl silicon substrates) sulfuric esters, double (three
Isobutyl group silicon substrate) sulfuric ester, double (tri-tert silicon substrate) sulfuric esters, double (trimethoxy silicon substrate) sulfuric esters,
Double (triethoxy silicon substrate) sulfuric esters, double (three positive propoxy silicon substrates) sulfuric esters, double (three isopropoxy silicon
Base) it is sulfuric ester, double (three n-butoxy silicon substrates) sulfuric esters, double (three sec-butoxy silicon substrates) sulfuric esters, double
(three tert-butoxy silicon substrates) sulfuric ester, double (trifluoromethyl silicon substrate) sulfuric esters, trimethyl silicon substrate triethyl group
One in silicon substrate sulfuric ester, double (trivinyl silicon substrate) sulfuric esters, double (three acetenyl silicon substrates) sulfuric esters
Kind is several.
6. electrolyte according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the carboxylate compound is selected from
The one or more in compound shown in following formula 4；
R41、R42It is 1~10 to be each independently selected from alkyl, carbon number that carbon number is 1~10
Alkyl halide alkyl in one kind；
Wherein, one or more of the halogen atom in F, Cl, Br.
7. electrolyte according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the carboxylate compound choosing
From ethyl propionate, ethyl valerate, ethyl isovalerate, propyl propionate, butyl propionate, propionic acid isobutyl
Ester, butyl butyrate, butyl isobutyrate, amyl butyrate, isoamyl butyrate, amyl propionate, propionic acid
Isopentyl ester, ethyl propionate, isopropyl acetoacetic ester, ethyl butyrate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl valerate,
Propyl valerate, propyl isovalerate, ethyl isovalerate and aforementioned carboxylic acid's ester compounds by F, Cl,
The one or more in one or more of compounds for partly substituting or all substituting in Br.
8. electrolyte according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The content of dinitrile compound containing carbon-to-carbon double bond is the 0.5%~10% of the gross weight of electrolyte, excellent
Elect 1%~5% as；
The content of silylation sulfate compound is the 0.5%~10% of the gross weight of electrolyte, is preferably
1%~5%；
The volume of the carboxylate compound is the 5%~50% of the cumulative volume of the organic solvent, is preferably
10%~40%, it is still more preferably 20%~35%.
9. according to the electrolyte any one of claim 1-8, it is characterised in that described organic molten
It is sub- that agent also includes ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, pentylene, fluoro carbonic acid
One or more in ethyl ester, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate.
10. a kind of lithium ion battery, it is characterised in that including according to any one of claim 1-9
Electrolyte.
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| CN112724043A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-30 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Electrolyte solution, electrochemical device, and electronic device |
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