CN107402850B - Redundancy method and device for database data files - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a redundancy method and a device for database data files, wherein the method comprises the steps of adding a mirror image data file to a main data file in a database, synchronizing data in the main data file into the mirror image data file, and setting a concurrency control mechanism of the main data file and the mirror image data file. By adding the mirror image function to the data files in the database, when one data file in the mirror image has a problem, the other normal data file can continue to provide data reading and writing service, the data safety is improved, the problem of data loss caused by failure of a storage server or replacement of the storage server is avoided, the normal use of a service system is not influenced, and the usability of the database is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of database security, in particular to a redundancy method and device for database data files.
Background
At present, a large relational database does not have a redundancy mechanism based on data files, and the uniqueness of the data files is identified by adding names to data file paths, so that each data file in the database exists uniquely, and another data file which has the same content as the data file and is a mirror image of the data file does not exist, namely the database does not have a function of data file redundancy.
When a certain data file in the database is lost or damaged, the database cannot be normally used because the content in the data file cannot be read, and further the normal operation of the service system is influenced. The data files are restored in a physical backup mode, the time is long, and if more or all of the lost data files are lost, part of data may be lost in the restoration process. Especially for production database environments in the industries of banking, communication, insurance and the like, even a small part of data loss can bring irreparable loss to reputation and benefits of enterprises. Therefore, enterprises protect data as much as possible, such as a two-place-three-center redundancy scheme, a storage layer redundancy scheme, a database clustering scheme and the like, and the influence on business and data is minimized to the greatest extent possible.
Even so, when the data file is damaged or lost, the switching of the data center or the recovery of the database will necessarily interrupt the normal operation of the service system, and even the data is lost. And when the storage server needs to be replaced by a new storage server due to the reasons that the performance and the capacity of the storage server cannot be expanded, the data on the original storage server needs to be completely migrated to the new storage server, in the process, the database needs to be stopped firstly, then the data files are completely copied to the new storage or restored to the new storage by using backups, the path of the data files is modified in the database after the database is started to MOUNT, and finally the database is opened. When the amount of data is large, the replacement work takes a considerable time and is prone to operational errors.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a redundancy method and a redundancy device for database data files, which can improve the data security of a database and realize the online replacement of data storage under the condition of not influencing the data operation or having little influence.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention provides a redundancy method of database data files, which comprises the following steps:
adding mirror image data files to the main data files in the database;
synchronizing data in the main data file to the mirror image data file;
and setting a concurrency control mechanism of the main data file and the mirror image data file.
Preferably, the specific process of adding the mirror image data file is as follows:
specifying a mirror image data file of the master data file when creating the tablespace;
designating mirror image data files when adding a main data file to the tablespace;
adding mirror image data files to the existing main data files.
Preferably, the concurrency control mechanism of the master data file and the mirror data file is as follows: when data is read, the database automatically divides the I/O request and respectively sends the I/O request to the main data file and the mirror image data file for reading operation; when data is written, the database writes the main data file and the mirror image data file at the same time, and a message for confirming the writing can be returned as long as any one of the main data file and the mirror image data file is successfully written.
Preferably, the method further comprises the steps of: and setting the view and the parameters of the data file mirror image.
Preferably, the views include a mirror image operation view, a main data file view and a mirror image data file view, and the parameter is a mirror image synchronization speed parameter.
Preferably, the method further comprises the steps of: and deleting the mirror image data file.
Preferably, only either of the master data file and the image data file can be deleted at a time during the delete operation of the image.
The invention also provides a redundancy device of the database data file, which comprises:
the mirror image module is used for adding mirror image data files to the main data files in the database;
the data synchronization module is used for synchronizing the data in the main data file into the mirror image data file;
and the concurrency control module is used for setting a read-write concurrency operation control mechanism of the main data file and the mirror image data file.
Preferably, the apparatus further comprises:
the deleting operation module is used for deleting the mirror image data file;
and the parameter setting module is used for setting the view and the parameters of the mirror image of the data file, controlling the data synchronization speed of the mirror image data file and monitoring the mirror image state of the data file.
Preferably, the mirror module comprises:
the tablespace creating module is used for designating a mirror image data file of the main data file when the tablespace is created;
the main data file adding module is used for appointing a mirror image data file when adding the main data file to the tablespace;
and the data file mirroring module is used for adding a mirrored data file to the existing main data file.
The effect provided in the summary of the invention is only the effect of the embodiment, not all the effects of the invention, and one of the above technical solutions has the following advantages or beneficial effects:
the invention carries out redundancy on the database at the data file layer, each data is stored in two parts which are respectively stored in the main data file and the mirror image data file, when one data file in the mirror image has a problem, the other normal data file can continue to provide data read-write service, thereby improving the safety of the data.
When the main data file and the mirror image data file are respectively placed in different storage servers, the two data files in the mirror image can provide parallel read-write operation, so that the waiting time for reading and writing data can be effectively reduced, and the database performance is improved; and when one storage server breaks down, the normal use of the database is not influenced, the problem of data loss caused by the failure of the storage server is avoided, and the usability of the database is improved.
When the storage server needs to be replaced, the mirror image data file is added to each data file on the new storage server, the synchronization operation is automatically completed by the database, the original data file is deleted after the synchronization is completed, the storage and replacement operation can be completed, the data normally runs in the replacement process, and the normal use of a service system is not influenced.
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FIG. 1 is a data flow diagram of a redundancy method for database data files provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an application of the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of a structure of a redundancy device for database data files according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly explain the technical features of the present invention, the following detailed description of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings. To simplify the disclosure of the present invention, the components and arrangements of specific examples are described below. Furthermore, the present invention may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed. It should be noted that the components illustrated in the figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques and procedures are omitted so as to not unnecessarily limit the invention.
The following describes a method for redundancy of database data files according to an embodiment of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for redundancy of database data files, which includes the following steps:
adding mirror image data files to the main data files in the database;
synchronizing data in the main data file to the mirror image data file;
and setting a concurrency control mechanism of the main data file and the mirror image data file.
In the above method, the specific process of adding the mirror image data file is as follows:
specifying a mirror image data file of the master data file when creating the tablespace;
designating mirror image data files when adding a main data file to the tablespace;
adding mirror image data files to the existing main data files.
In the above method, the concurrency control mechanism for the main data file and the mirror data file is as follows: when data is read, the database automatically divides the I/O request and respectively sends the I/O request to the main data file and the mirror image data file for reading operation; when data is written, the database writes the main data file and the mirror image data file at the same time, and a message for confirming the writing can be returned as long as any one of the main data file and the mirror image data file is successfully written.
In the above method, the redundancy method further includes the following steps: setting views and parameters of data file images, wherein the views comprise an image operation view, a main data file view and an image data file view, and the parameters are image synchronization speed parameters.
In the above method, the redundancy method further includes the following steps: and in the deleting operation of the mirror image data file, only any one of the main data file and the mirror image data file can be deleted at each time in the deleting operation process of the mirror image.
The data file layer is used for carrying out redundancy on the database, each data file can be stored in two parts which are respectively stored in the main data file and the mirror image data file, when one data file in the mirror image has a problem, the other normal data file can continue to provide data reading and writing service, and the data safety is improved. Fig. 2 is an application of the embodiment of the present invention, where the database in fig. 2 refers to a KDB database, storage 1 is a storage area for placing a main data file, and storage 2 is a storage area for placing a mirror data file. Referring to fig. 2, a KDB database (a large relational database) is taken as an example, and a detailed description is given in conjunction with fig. 1 of an implementation process of the redundancy method for database data files. Firstly, adding a mirror image function to the data files in the database, and therefore designing a part of SQL grammar to add mirror image data files. The methods for adding the mirror image data file include the following methods:
firstly, specifying data file mirror images when creating a tablespace:
create tablespace tbs_name datafile'/kdbdata/tbsname1.dtf'mirrdatafile'/kdbdata/tbsnamemirr1.dtf'size 8G；
tbs _ name is the tablespace name, datafile indicates the add data file,/kdbdata/tbname 1.dtf indicates the specified data file path and name, mirrdafilee indicates that a mirror data file is specified for the previous data file.
Specifying mirror image data files when adding data files to the tablespace:
alter tablespace tbs_name add datafile'/kdbdata/tbsname1.dtf'mirrdatafile'/kdbdata/tbsnamemirr1.dtf'size 8G；
the two methods are mirror image adding methods of the newly added data files, because the main data file and the mirror image data file are newly added, the database simultaneously carries out space distribution and formatting operation on the main data file and the mirror image data file, the formats and the contents of the two data files are completely consistent, namely, the data in the/kbbddata/tbnamerr 1.dtf can be automatically synchronized to the/kbbddata/tbnamerr 1.dtf.
Adding mirror image data files to the existing data files:
alter datafile'/kdbdata/tbsname1.dtf'add mirrdatafile'/kdbdata/tbsnamemirr1.dtf'；
the method adds the mirror image data file to the existing data file, the database can completely copy the content in the existing data file, namely the main data file, into the mirror image data file, and the normal use of the database is not influenced in the copying and synchronizing process.
After the adding operation of the mirror image data file is completed, the data file in the database has the mirror image function.
Deletion operation of the database for the mirroring function:
if the mirror image function of the data file needs to be deleted, a normal data file deleting command is used, and the main data file or the mirror image data file does not need to be deleted. If the deleted data file is the mirror image data file, the main data file can provide a normal reading and writing function; if the deleted main data file is the mirror image data file, the mirror image data file can provide normal reading and writing functions. The two data files are not distinguished in the processing of the database, only one data file can be deleted at a time when the two data files are deleted, and the deleting sequence of the main data file and the mirror image data file has no requirement. If the tablespace is deleted, the corresponding primary data file and the mirror data file in the tablespace are automatically deleted.
In order to conveniently control the data synchronization speed of the mirror image data file and monitor the mirror image state of the data file in the database, a plurality of views and parameters of the database are added.
The v $ mirror _ operation view, namely the mirror operation view, is used for checking the speed of synchronizing the main data file to the mirror data file, and when no synchronous record exists in the view, the synchronization is finished.
And the dba _ data _ files view, namely the main data file view, is used for recording the information of the main data file in the database, the file _ NAME is the main data file, and the TABLESPACE _ NAME is the corresponding NAME of the table space.
And the dba _ mirrdata _ files view, namely the mirror image data file view, is used for recording the information of the mirror image data file in the database, the mirrifle _ NAME mirror image data file NAME, the main data file corresponding to the file _ NAME, the TABLESPACE NAME corresponding to the TABLESPACE _ NAME and the STATUS mirror image data file state.
When the mirrored master data file is deleted, the mirrored data file information is moved from the dba _ mirrdata _ files to the dba _ data _ files, and when the mirrored data file is deleted, the mirrored data file information is deleted from the dba _ mirrdata _ files.
The database parameter mirror _ operation _ limit, that is, the mirror image synchronization speed parameter, is used to specify the speed of synchronizing the main data file to the mirror image data file, and the value range is 1-10, and the default value is 1, and the higher the value is, the faster the synchronization speed is, and more I/O and CPU resources are consumed.
By setting the main data file and the mirror image data file, when the database performs read-write operation on the data file, the data read-write efficiency can be improved through a concurrency control mechanism.
When the database reads the data file, the reading task is split, the required data, such as 1-100 data, are read from the main data file and the mirror image data file respectively, the 1-50 data can be read from the main data file, and the 51-100 data can be read from the mirror image data file, so that the maximization of the data reading speed is achieved in a parallel reading mode, and the response speed of the database is improved.
When the database writes the data file, the main data file and the mirror image data file are written simultaneously, as long as any one of the data file and the mirror image data file is successfully written, a message for confirming the writing can be returned, meanwhile, the database can continuously track whether the writing of the other data file is successful or not, if the writing is successful, the processing is not carried out, if the writing is unsuccessful, the retry is carried out for 3 times, and if the writing is unsuccessful for 3 times, the data file is marked as failed. The data file marked as failure is not read and written any more, and is recorded in a database view and a log, a database administrator needs to delete the data file, the deleted data file loses the mirror image function, and whether the data file is added again is determined according to the requirement.
The data is redundant on the data file layer, each data is stored in two parts, and the two parts are respectively stored in the main data file and the mirror image data file, when one data file in the mirror image has a problem, the other normal data file can continue to provide data reading and writing service, and the data safety is improved. When the storage server fails or needs to be replaced, the normal use of the database is not affected, the problem of data loss caused by the failure of the storage server or the replacement of the storage server is avoided, and the usability of the database is improved.
As shown in fig. 3, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a redundancy apparatus for database data files, including: the system comprises a mirror image module, a data synchronization module, a concurrency control module, a deletion operation module and a parameter setting module, wherein the mirror image module comprises a table space creating module, a main data file adding module and a data file mirror image module.
And the mirror image module is used for adding mirror image data files to the main data files in the database and finishing the addition of mirror image functions by adding the mirror image data files to the main data files.
And the data synchronization module is used for synchronizing the data in the main data file into the mirror image data file, and after the synchronization operation is finished, the contents of the two data files are consistent.
The concurrency control module is used for setting a read-write concurrency operation control mechanism of the main data file and the mirror image data file, and when data is read, the database automatically divides the I/O request and respectively sends the I/O request to the main data file and the mirror image data file for reading; when data is written, the database writes the main data file and the mirror image data file at the same time, and a message for confirming the writing can be returned as long as any one of the main data file and the mirror image data file is successfully written.
And the deleting operation module is used for deleting the mirror image data file, and only any one of the main data file and the mirror image data file can be deleted at each time in the deleting operation process of the mirror image.
And the parameter setting module is used for setting the view and the parameters of the mirror image of the data file, controlling the data synchronization speed of the mirror image data file and monitoring the mirror image state of the data file.
The tablespace creating module is used for designating a mirror image data file of the main data file when the tablespace is created;
the main data file adding module is used for appointing a mirror image data file when adding the main data file to the tablespace;
and the data file mirroring module is used for adding a mirrored data file to the existing main data file.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the database is subjected to redundancy in the data file layer, each part of data is stored in two parts, and the two parts are respectively stored in the main data file and the mirror image data file, when one data file in the mirror image has a problem, the other normal data file can continue to provide data reading and writing service, and the data security is improved.
When the main data file and the mirror image data file are respectively placed in different storage servers, the two data files in the mirror image can provide parallel read-write operation, so that the waiting time for reading and writing data can be effectively reduced, and the database performance is improved; and when one storage server breaks down, the normal use of the database is not influenced, the problem of data loss caused by the failure of the storage server is avoided, and the usability of the database is improved.
When the storage server needs to be replaced, the mirror image data file is added to each data file on the new storage server, the synchronization operation is automatically completed by the database, the original data file is deleted after the synchronization is completed, the storage and replacement operation can be completed, the data normally runs in the replacement process, and the normal use of a service system is not influenced.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method of redundancy of database data files, comprising the steps of:
adding mirror image data files to the main data files in the database;
synchronizing data in the main data file to the mirror image data file;
setting a concurrency control mechanism of the main data file and the mirror image data file;
the concurrency control mechanism of the main data file and the mirror image data file comprises the following steps: when data is read, the database automatically divides the I/O request and respectively sends the I/O request to the main data file and the mirror image data file for reading operation; when data is written, the database writes the main data file and the mirror image data file at the same time, and a message for confirming the writing can be returned as long as any one of the main data file and the mirror image data file is successfully written.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of adding the mirror image data file is as follows:
specifying a mirror image data file of the master data file when creating the tablespace;
designating mirror image data files when adding a main data file to the tablespace;
adding mirror image data files to the existing main data files.
3. A method of redundancy of database data files according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the method further comprises the steps of:
and setting the view and the parameters of the data file mirror image.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the views comprise a mirror operation view, a primary data file view and a mirror data file view, and the parameter is a mirror synchronization speed parameter.
5. A method of redundancy of database data files according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the method further comprises the steps of:
and deleting the mirror image data file.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein only one of the primary data file and the mirror data file is deleted at a time during the mirror delete operation.
7. An apparatus for redundancy of database data files, comprising:
the mirror image module is used for adding mirror image data files to the main data files in the database;
the data synchronization module is used for synchronizing the data in the main data file into the mirror image data file;
the concurrency control module is used for setting a read-write concurrency operation control mechanism of the main data file and the mirror image data file;
the read-write concurrent operation control mechanism of the main data file and the mirror image data file comprises the following steps: when data is read, the database automatically divides the I/O request and respectively sends the I/O request to the main data file and the mirror image data file for reading operation; when data is written, the database writes the main data file and the mirror image data file at the same time, and a message for confirming the writing can be returned as long as any one of the main data file and the mirror image data file is successfully written.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising:
the deleting operation module is used for deleting the mirror image data file;
and the parameter setting module is used for setting the view and the parameters of the mirror image of the data file, controlling the data synchronization speed of the mirror image data file and monitoring the mirror image state of the data file.
9. The apparatus of claim 7 or 8, wherein the mirroring module comprises:
the tablespace creating module is used for designating a mirror image data file of the main data file when the tablespace is created;
the main data file adding module is used for appointing a mirror image data file when adding the main data file to the tablespace;
and the data file mirroring module is used for adding a mirrored data file to the existing main data file.
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