CN107400947A - The negative poisson's ratio yarn and its composite spinning device of a kind of RING SPINNING, method and purposes - Google Patents
The negative poisson's ratio yarn and its composite spinning device of a kind of RING SPINNING, method and purposes Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
- D02G3/38—Threads in which fibres, filaments, or yarns are wound with other yarns or filaments, e.g. wrap yarns, i.e. strands of filaments or staple fibres are wrapped by a helically wound binder yarn
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
- D01H1/00—Spinning or twisting machines in which the product is wound-up continuously
- D01H1/14—Details
- D01H1/18—Supports for supply packages
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
- D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
- D02G3/32—Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic
- D02G3/326—Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic the elastic properties due to the construction rather than to the use of elastic material
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
- D10B2101/02—Inorganic fibres based on oxides or oxide ceramics, e.g. silicates
- D10B2101/06—Glass
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
- D10B2101/10—Inorganic fibres based on non-oxides other than metals
- D10B2101/12—Carbon; Pitch
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
- D10B2101/20—Metallic fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D10B2321/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins
- D10B2321/022—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins polypropylene
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
- D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of negative poisson's ratio yarn of RING SPINNING, for endless tow by relative stiffness, in outer looping shape and relative flexibility, short fine yarn positioned at yarn core, directly as the negative poisson's ratio composite construction yarn obtained by asymmetric two shaftings Compound spinning on ring throstle.When the yarn stress stretches, spiral it is outer around endless tow stretch, original is stretched, thicker short fine yarn will therefore spiral and outside around making yarn body is thicker to form negative poisson's ratio deformation.Present invention also offers composite spinning device, method and the application of the negative poisson's ratio yarn of RING SPINNING.Short fine yarn is stretched, exported with cental axial position from front roller nip by Compound spinning directly on ring throstle；Endless tow is exported in a manner of no-station pole canopy, overfeeding from front roller nip, and necessarily to converge angle with short fine yarn without looping composite twist resultant yarn outside obvious compressing shifting ground.Apparatus structure is simple, easy to operate, and gained negative poisson's ratio yarn can be used for the fabric of negative poisson's ratio, have more obvious Negative poisson's ratio.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of negative Poisson ratio deformable composite yarns and composite spinning thereof, in particular to an anti-normal negative Poisson ratio textile and a novel preparation technology thereof, and particularly relates to a negative Poisson ratio composite structure yarn.
Background
Negative poisson ratio yarn is a yarn that undergoes an abnormal shrinkage expansion deformation in the radial direction of the yarn when stretched in the axial direction of the yarn, i.e., the apparent diameter of the yarn becomes thicker by stretching.
The main contents of the U.S. Pat. No. 4,000,79, 2,2011 are the physical characteristic indexes of negative poisson's ratio fiber aggregate and the various Uses of the negative poisson's ratio fiber aggregate. Such negative poisson's ratio fibrous bodies can be used to: the interconnected negative poisson's ratio fibrous mass may be in the form of a fabric such as a parallel-arranged fibrous aggregate, woven fabric, knitted fabric, nonwoven fabric, felt, or a multi-layered composite of these fabrics. The defined composition comprises two components, wherein the first component is a filament material with high elastic modulus, such as carbon fiber, glass fiber, Kevlar, aramid fiber, polyester fiber, BET fiber or natural cellucotton and the like; the second component is a filament material with elastic modulus lower than that of the first component, such as siloxane rubber, natural rubber or nylon fiber. This patent relates to negative poisson's ratio yarns, negative poisson's ratio fabrics and negative poisson's ratio composites made from the above materials, and lists various applications and methods of application of the above patent products. For example, porous storage antibacterial agents using negative poisson's ratio materials are used in the medical field, high-pressure dispersion is performed by stacking multiple layers of negative poisson's ratio fabrics, and the like. However, this patent uses filaments and the constituent material of the second component is limited to only elastic filaments, and the specific spinning method of the negative poisson's ratio yarn is not addressed in the patent to emphasize the method of forming and applying the porosity to the negative poisson's ratio material. Compared with the patent, the negative poisson ratio yarn has the advantages that the negative poisson ratio yarn is made of two systems of fibers (short fibers), the negative poisson ratio yarn is unique, specific and definite, the fiber application range is wider, the negative poisson ratio yarn is closer to common textile fibers, and the original and specialized composite spinning method of the negative poisson ratio yarn is provided.
U.S. Pat. No. 3, M.K, J.R Wright, K.E Evans, FIBBROUS ASSEMBLY, U.S. Pat. No.: US 2011/0209557A 1) also provides a negative Poisson ratio fiber ASSEMBLY involving a negative Poisson ratio yarn comprising two components, but having the same composition as in the above patent using chemical filaments. The negative poisson's ratio yarn is disclosed as having a structure in which a relatively less elastic component is wound in a spiral fashion around a relatively more elastic component (core yarn). Meanwhile, the linear density, the diameter size and the wrapped angle of the core yarn are explicitly given in the patent. However, in the spinning of the negative poisson ratio yarn, the simple description of winding the filament with higher modulus on the core yarn with better elasticity cannot be used for the spinning process of the continuous same spinning machine, and the selection range of the composition of the negative poisson ratio yarn is relatively narrow and is only limited to the filament.
The negative Poisson ratio effect of the MATERIALs proposed in U.S. Pat. No. (WanDuk Lee, SangSoo Lee, CholWoh Koh, Jin Heo, MOISTURE RESENSIVE AUXETIC MATERIAL, patent No.: US 0039088A 1, 2011) is that moisture-sensitive wrapped filaments shrink when external moisture changes, causing the core yarn to buckle, causing the yarn diameter to increase. The patent refers to the description of a negative poisson's ratio yarn structure, and does not propose a specific spinning device and method, and the yarn structure is prone to problems such as uneven twist and stability.
Chinese patent (Hu hong, Liu Shi Rui, patent No.: CN 103361811A, 2013) proposes a negative Poisson ratio yarn structure and a manufacturing method thereof. The yarn structure feeds the first yarns with large tensile modulus and the second yarns with small tensile modulus into the slotted holes at the same time in an alternate arrangement mode, and the first yarns and the second yarns are converged and twisted under the rotation of the rotary table to form negative Poisson ratio yarns. The method requires that the number of the first yarns and the number of the second yarns are the same and are more than 2, and the yarn structure is mainly formed through twisting action on each component, so that the selection limitation on the types of the yarns is strong in order to provide a forming structure of the yarns, and the application field of the negative Poisson ratio yarns is limited.
Miller et al in the article (W Miller, P.B Hook, C.W Smith, X Wang, K.E Evans, the manufacture and characterization of a novel, low module, negative Poisson's ratio composition, compositions Science and Technology, 2009 (69): 651-655) first gave the concept of a negative Poisson's ratio yarn, which was said to be a double helix yarn in its structure, and tested using ultra-high molecular polyethylene filaments of smaller fineness as the wrap yarn and polyurethane filaments of larger fineness as the core yarn. It only provides a theoretical structure and adopts the easiest combination of yarns, namely, the yarns are all filament yarns, and the forming of the negative Poisson ratio yarn of the polyurethane filament yarn wrapped by the polyethylene filament yarns is implemented.
J.R. Wright et al (J.R Wright, K.E Evans, M.R Sloan, The mechanical automatic yarn-A novel structure for compositions and textures; geometry, manufacturing and technical properties, 2011 (43): 476 and 486) have disclosed a simple method of forming a negative Poisson's ratio yarn, The apparatus having essentially a feed spool means, a wrap spool means, a take spool means and drive motor means for each of The three. The core yarn parallelly passes through a wrapping shaft with a central eyelet from a feeding shaft at a certain fixed speed, the wrapping shaft rotates perpendicular to the feeding shaft, the wrapping yarn unwinds from the wrapping shaft, converges with the core yarn at a certain angle in front of a winding shaft after passing through a yarn guide hook and a tension device, is driven by the wrapping shaft to wrap, and is wound on the winding shaft at a constant speed, so that the negative poisson ratio yarn is formed. The feeding shaft and the winding shaft are parallel to each other, and the winding shaft is vertically positioned between the feeding shaft and the winding shaft.
J.R. Wright et al (J.R Wright, M.K Burns, E James, M.R Sloan, K.E Evans, on the design and characteristics of low-stiffness automatic yarns and fabrics. textile Research Journal, 2012, 82 (7): 645 654) on the basis of the spinning negative Poisson ratio yarn method mentioned in the article, use a negative Poisson ratio yarn formed by respectively combining polyester fiber and polyamide fiber with rubber filament, study the physical and mechanical properties of the yarn, and obtain structural parameters influencing the negative Poisson ratio effect on the basis of the negative Poisson ratio yarn method; miller et al (W.Miller, Z.ren, C.W Smith, K.E Evans, A negative Poisson's fibrous composite using a negative Poisson's fibrous yarn arrangement, Composites Science and Technology, 2012 (72): 761-one 766) spiral wrap yarns and Composites thereof using carbon fiber bundles in combination with nylon filaments also have a negative Poisson ratio effect. Both of these have focused on their negative poisson's ratio properties, i.e. only the yarn is provided and no discussion is made on the spinning process.
The wonderful master paper (wonderful structure forming and modeling representation of negative poisson ratio yarn, eastern hua university, 2014.) discusses the structural parameters of the negative poisson ratio yarn based on a finite element analysis method, prepares the negative poisson ratio yarn by using ring spinning equipment with an overfeed device and a grooved front roller, and clarifies the reason of the negative poisson ratio effect of the yarn by establishing a geometric structure model under the condition of yarn stretching.
Bhattacharya et al (Bhattacharya S, Zhang GH, Ghita O, Evans KE. the variation in Poisson' S ratio used by interaction between core and warp in fibrous yarns the effect of sinking of the core yarn due to the difference in modulus of the wrapped and core yarns and its effect on the Poisson ratio of the yarn are discussed on the basis of the helical strandling yarn, while a strandling yarn with a negative Poisson ratio of-13.52 is obtained by selecting the appropriate yarn modulus and construction parameters.
Teik-Cheng Lim (Lim T-c.semi-automatic yarns. physical Status solid (b) 2014, 251: 273) 280) proposes a structure and a forming method of a semi-auxetic yarn, i.e. a non-extensible fine yarn component is penetrated in a triangular pattern in a coarser and elastic component, the yarn has an auxetic effect in the vertical direction under the drawing action and is a common yarn characteristic in the horizontal direction. Comparative analysis was also performed on poisson's ratios in both planar directions. In addition to the triangular pattern, some other modes such as a trapezoidal waveform, a rectangular waveform, a sinusoidal waveform, and the like have been proposed.
Zhang et al (Zhang GH, Ghita O, Evans KE. the textile properties of a novel 3-component automatic structure for compositions. compositions Science and technology.2015, 117: 257-267.) propose a novel three-component tensile expansion yarn, i.e., a rigid wrapping yarn spirally wound as a first component on a second component elastic core yarn and tube-coating treated by a third component. The method is characterized in that ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene multifilament with twist is used as wrapping yarn, silicon rubber gel subjected to degassing, film forming and curing is used as core yarn, and finally tubular coating is carried out on the silicon rubber gel in a film forming mode, wherein the influence of the coating thickness on the Poisson's ratio and the mechanical property of the yarn is mainly discussed. The yarn structure proposed in the paper can improve the stability to a certain extent, but also limits the size of the auxetic effect, and has great limitations in practical production and application.
Apurv Sibal et al (Sibal A, raw A. design strand for an automatic dual-shaft yarn system. materials letters.2015, 161: 740-.
G.h.zhang et al (Zhang G, Ghita O, Lin C, Evans ke. performance of the fibrous yarns by the alternative component properties and geometry. composite structures.2016, 140: 369-377.) carried out a series of studies on three key structural parameters of the spiral draw-up yarn, namely the core yarn to wrap yarn diameter ratio, the initial wrap angle and the component moduli, and concluded that a larger diameter ratio, a smaller wrap angle and a larger modulus difference and rational arrangement can result in a larger range of draw-up effects to expand the application field of the yarn.
In summary, the above-mentioned patents and the existing researches have two problems which are not related to or solved: first, whether a negative poisson ratio yarn can break through the limitation of being prepared only in the simplest elastic filament/filament combination, leads to a more practical short fiber strand/filament composite structure yarn, because the short fiber yarn is generally softer and more deformable, and is difficult to obtain a higher negative poisson ratio, even a negative poisson ratio; secondly, the forming of the negative Poisson ratio yarn is also just the intermittent production and manufacturing of the common filament/filament combination, and whether the one-step composite spinning of the short fiber strand of the high-modulus filament synchronous and high-twist high-elasticity yarn can be realized on the traditional spinning machine or not is the key technology for forming the negative Poisson ratio long/short composite structure yarn.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of how to realize the composite structure yarn of short fiber strands/filaments by the negative Poisson ratio yarn and how to realize the processing and manufacturing of the negative Poisson ratio composite structure yarn on the traditional ring spinning frame.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is to provide a ring spun negative poisson ratio yarn, which is characterized in that: the negative Poisson ratio composite structure yarn is obtained by directly carrying out composite spinning on an asymmetric biaxial system on a ring spinning frame by using a relatively rigid and externally wrapped and wound filament bundle and a relatively flexible short fiber strand positioned on a yarn core.
When the negative Poisson ratio composite structure yarn is stressed and stretched, the spirally outward-wound long filament bundle is straightened, the original straightened and thick short fiber strand is spirally outward-wound, so that the yarn body is thick, and the negative Poisson ratio deformation is formed.
Preferably, said relative rigidity means: compared with the short fiber strand, the long fiber bundle has relatively high modulus, relatively thin and relatively loose; the relative flexibility refers to that: compared with the long tow, the short fiber strand is relatively elastic, relatively thick and relatively tight;
namely: the tensile modulus of the long tow is greater than that of the short fiber strips and is greater than that of the twisted short fiber strips, so that the short fiber strips in the finished yarn are relatively easy to bend and extend, and the long tow is relatively easy to straighten but not easy to extend; the ratio of the outer diameter of the filament bundle to the outer diameter of the short fiber strand is 1: 1.5-1: 20, and the twist of the filament bundle is smaller than that of the short fiber strand, so that the diameter of the actual yarn body after the short fiber strand is wrapped by the filament bundle in the radial direction is smaller than the round theoretical diameter of the filament bundle.
Preferably, the filament bundle is one of high-modulus polyester filament, high-modulus polypropylene filament, aramid filament, high-strength high-modulus polyethylene filament, carbon fiber filament, metal filament, glass fiber filament and basalt fiber filament.
Preferably, the staple fiber sliver is a staple fiber sliver of common textile fibers, aramid fibers, polysulfonamide fibers, basalt fibers and metal fibers.
Preferably, coaxial elastic yarns are arranged in the short fiber strands and are completely covered by the short fiber strands to form elastic core-spun yarns; finally, the negative Poisson ratio yarn of the filament bundle wrapped elastic covering yarn is manufactured. Meanwhile, the blending and compounding of the fibers with the same components are advocated to ensure the ecology and feasibility of post-treatment and recycling.
The invention also provides a composite spinning device of the negative Poisson ratio yarn of the ring spinning, which is used for spinning the negative Poisson ratio yarn of the ring spinning and is characterized in that: the ring spinning frame comprises a front upper roller and a front lower roller; the middle part of the front upper roller is provided with a groove, the overfeed mechanism is arranged on a cradle of a ring spinning frame and is driven by the front upper roller and used for feeding the filament bundles into the groove in the middle part of the front upper roller; the input side of the front roller jaw is provided with a positioning horn mouth for bundling and positioning the short fiber strands.
Preferably, the overfeed mechanism comprises a bridging roller driven by a front upper roller, the bridging roller is connected with a speed regulating roller, the speed regulating roller is coaxially connected with a circular table holding roller for winding and holding the rigid filament bundle through a connecting shaft, and a tension disc for balancing, stabilizing and positioning the filament bundle is arranged above the circular table holding roller.
Preferably, the overfeed mechanism is mounted on the upper portion of the rear side of the grooved front top roller of the ring spinning frame, and the bridge roller is in contact with the grooved front top roller on the side without the fine groove, and has obtained a rotational driving force. The constitution, the working principle and the using method of the overfeeding mechanism are disclosed in Chinese invention patent (CN102808260A) 'a rear-mounted slotted overfeeding composite spinning device'. The speed regulating roller of the overfeed mechanism can also be directly driven by the variable frequency stepping motor, and the bridging roller is removed.
Preferably, the device also comprises a tension mechanism for feeding the elastic yarn into the short fiber strand and realizing the elasticity increasing of the short fiber strand, the tension mechanism is a mechanism capable of performing underfeed stretching and elasticity increasing, and the tension mechanism also comprises a positioning yarn guide hook for accurately positioning the elastic yarn and stabilizing the tension.
The invention also provides a composite spinning method of the ring spun negative Poisson ratio yarn, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: by adopting the composite spinning device of the negative Poisson ratio yarn of the ring spinning, firstly, the staple fiber strands are straightened and positioned at the central shaft position, or a coaxial elastic yarn is added and output from the front jaw of the front roller of the ring spinning frame; the filament bundles are wound on a circular table holding roller through a tension disc for 0.1-3.5 circles, and are simultaneously output from a front roller jaw of a ring spinning frame in a tension-free or overfeed mode; then the short fiber strands which are separated from the short fiber strands by a set distance, are in a set convergence angle, are straightened and are output perpendicular to the front roller jaw line are twisted, converged and compounded to form the negative Poisson ratio composite structure yarn of asymmetric two-axis or three-axis composite spinning, wherein the long tow is wound and wrapped on the twisted short fiber strands or the elastic core-spun yarn without obvious compression deformation.
The composite spinning method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: feeding a biaxial system;
after the flexible thick yarn strips with thickness are drafted by the drafting zones of the rear roller and the middle roller, the short fiber strands which are stretched and parallel and are positioned at the central shaft position of the whole spinning range are formed, fed into the jaw of the front roller and drafted again, and the short fiber strands are used as elastic yarn shafts; the stiffer and thinner filament bundle is synchronously overfed directly into the slot opening of the grooved front top roller, which is a rigid bundle shaft, through an overfeed mechanism, such as a rear grooved overfeed composite spinning device (cn.102808260a).
Step two: asymmetric convergence;
the central axis of the extended parallel short fiber strand which is out of the front roller jaw is basically not deviated, namely, the short fiber strand is output by being vertical to the front roller jaw and is immediately twisted to form a compact, elastic and twisted short fiber strand; synchronously, the long tow output from the notch of the upper roller with the groove and the short fiber strips are separated by a certain distance and form a certain convergence angle to be converged, twisted and compounded with the straightened twisted short fiber strips to form an asymmetric two-axis system in which the long tow is externally wound and wrapped outside the twisted short fiber strips without obvious compression deformation or a three-axis system composite spinning negative Poisson ratio composite structure yarn which is wrapped outside the elastic core-spun yarn formed by directly wrapping the elastic filament output from the positioning yarn guide hook by the tension mechanism at the jaw of the front roller by the short fiber strips at the lower layer.
When the negative Poisson ratio composite structure yarn is used in stretching, the theoretical diameter of the negative Poisson ratio composite structure yarn is changed from D +2D to 2D + D, wherein D is the diameter of the twisted short fiber strand 3; d is the diameter of the rigid filaments 4. It is apparent that the thickness increase rate 6 of the negative poisson's ratio composite yarn 7 is 6 ═ D-D)/(D + 2D. When D > D, the negative Poisson's ratio composite yarn 7 can be made nearly twice as thick by drawing.
The invention also provides application of the negative Poisson ratio yarn of the ring spinning, which is characterized in that: the fabric is used for being processed into fabrics with increased compactness and negative poisson ratio deformation when stressed, such as woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, braided fabrics and the like, and the fabrics can also be used for filtering materials, damping pressure-reducing materials and the like; or directly as a self-lockable sewing thread, or as a yarn-reinforced composite.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, only an overfeeding mechanism driven by a front upper roller or a stepping motor is arranged on a common ring spinning frame, so that the problems of feeding and stable wrapping of thin and loose rigid filament bundles can be solved, and the ring spinning frame is convenient to install, simple and practical;
overfeeding amount of the rigid filament bundle can be conveniently adjusted and stably output so as to meet the requirement of wrapping the twisted short fiber strands by the rigid filament bundle without or with low tension;
thirdly, the short fiber strands are positioned on the central axis of the spinning course and do not deflect to obtain the maximum upper twist, namely the twist of the negative Poisson ratio composite structure yarn, so that the twisted short fiber strands are more compact, elastic and round, the maximum Poisson ratio and the strongest shape memory can be provided, and the twisted short fiber strands can generate spiral and also can be memorized, reset and straightened;
the rigid filament bundle with a loose structure is adopted, so that the damage and the flattening unfolding of the spun yarn can be reduced, the visible diameter of the filament bundle can be reduced due to flattening in wrapping bending, and the negative Poisson ratio during stretching is larger;
the method adopts the ingenious combination of the thickness and the elasticity of twisted short fiber strands and the thinness and the rigidity of long fiber bundles to carry out asymmetric composite spinning, and endows the yarn with the negative Poisson ratio property different from the traditional yarn (the positive Poisson ratio of axial stretching);
sixthly, the negative Poisson ratio composite structure yarn manufactured by the invention has more obvious negative Poisson ratio effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of an overfeeding asymmetric two (three) axis negative Poisson ratio yarn composite spinning mechanism of a ring spinning frame;
FIG. 2 is a side view of an overfeed asymmetric biaxial negative Poisson ratio yarn composite spinning mechanism of a ring spinning frame;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the structure of a negative Poisson's ratio composite structure yarn obtained from composite spinning before and after stretching;
wherein: 1-filament bundle; 2-short fiber strand, 21-twisted short fiber strand, 22-positioning bell mouth; 3-overfeeding mechanism, 31-bridging roller, 32-speed regulating roller, 33-connecting shaft, 34-circular table holding roller pair and 35-tension disc; 4-front roller jaw; 5-front upper roller; 6-front bottom roller; 7-negative poisson's ratio composite construction yarn; 8-a tension mechanism; 9-positioning the yarn guide hook.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples.
The negative poisson's ratio composite construction yarns of the various embodiments described below all employ the mechanism configuration and process set-up of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2. The composite spinning device of the negative Poisson ratio yarn of the ring spinning is mainly formed by assembling an overfeeding mechanism 3, a grooved front upper roller 5, a positioning bell mouth 22 for bundling and positioning the short fiber strands, an elastic yarn tension mechanism 8 for increasing the elasticity of the short fiber strands and the like on a traditional ring spinning frame, wherein the overfeeding mechanism 3 is arranged on a cradle of the ring spinning frame.
The overfeed mechanism 3 is composed of a bridge roller 31 driven by the front upper roller 5, a speed adjusting roller 32 driven by the bridge roller 31, a circular table holding roller 34 coaxially connected and driven with the speed adjusting roller 32 through a connecting shaft 33 and capable of winding and holding the rigid filament bundle 1, a tension disc 35 for balancing and stabilizing and positioning the filament bundle, and the like. The front top roller 5 is connected to a bridge roller 31, the bridge roller 31 is connected to a speed adjusting roller 32, the speed adjusting roller 32 is connected to a circular table holding roller 34 through a connecting shaft 33, and a tension disc 35 is provided above the circular table holding roller 34.
The positioning horn mouth 22 is arranged at the input side of the front roller jaw and is used for bundling and positioning the short fiber strands 2. The tension mechanism 8 is used for feeding the elastic yarn into the short fiber strand 2. The device also comprises a positioning yarn guide hook 9 used for accurate positioning and stable tension of the elastic yarn, and the positioning yarn guide hook is arranged at the joint of the elastic yarn and the short fiber strip 2.
The principle of the invention is as follows: under normal conditions, the filament bundle with higher rigidity, relatively fine softness and higher tensile film amount is wrapped on the composite structure yarn body with the twisted short fiber strips with larger elasticity, relatively coarse hardness and lower tensile film amount, when the yarn body is stretched, the rigid filament bundle is straightened, and the twisted short fiber strips are converted from a straightened state into spiral wrapping and thickening, so that the radial negative Poisson ratio deformation of the composite structure yarn body is formed.
The basic structure of the obtained negative poisson ratio composite structure yarn is as shown in fig. 3, before stretching, the negative poisson ratio composite structure yarn 7 is formed by wrapping the twisted short-thread strands 2 on the filament bundle 1, after stretching, the twisted short-thread strands 2 are twisted outside, and the rigid filament bundle 1 is straightened inside. The thickness of the fiber is changed from D +2D to 2D + D, wherein D is the diameter of the twisted staple fiber strand 3; d is the diameter of the rigid filaments 4. It is apparent that the thickness increase rate of the negative poisson's ratio composite yarn 7 is (D-D)/(D + 2D).
By adopting the spinning mechanism, the specific steps of overfeeding asymmetric two (three) shafting pre-wrapped tube composite spinning are as follows:
feeding in a biaxial system: a roving strip is taken to form a short fiber strand 2 which is stretched, parallel and positioned at the central shaft position of the whole spinning course after being drafted by a drafting zone of a rear roller and a middle roller, and the short fiber strand is fed into a jaw 4 of a front roller and drafted again, and is an elastic yarn shaft (shaft I); a rigid and thin filament bundle 1 is synchronously overfed into a notch of a grooved front upper roller 5, namely a rigid filament bundle shaft (shaft II), through an overfeed mechanism, such as a rear-mounted grooved overfeed composite spinning device (CN.102808260A) or other mechanisms with an overfeed function and capable of being mounted on a ring spinning frame. If the elastic force of the staple fiber strand 2 needs to be increased, an elastic yarn with tension, i.e. pre-extension, can be introduced into the upper position of the central shaft of the staple fiber strand 2 through a tension mechanism 8 and a positioning yarn guide hook 9 to increase the elastic reset of the twisted staple fiber strand 2, which is a restoring elastic shaft (shaft III).
Step two, asymmetric convergence: the central axis of the straight parallel short fiber strand 2 which is out of the front roller jaw 4 basically does not deviate, namely, the straight parallel short fiber strand 2 is output by being vertical to the front roller jaw 4(90 degrees), and is immediately twisted to form the compact, elastic and twisted short fiber strand 2, so that the short fiber strand 2 which is directly twisted is hardened, is not easy to deform and is easy to extend and recover due to the increased elasticity; synchronously, the long tow 1 output from the notch of the grooved front upper roller 5 and the twisted short fiber strips 21 with a certain interval B and a certain convergence angle theta are converged, twisted and compounded to form an asymmetric two-axis system in which the twisted short fiber strips 21 of the long tow 1 are wound and wrapped outside the twisted short fiber strips 2 without obvious compression deformation or a three-axis system composite spun negative Poisson ratio composite structure yarn 7 which is wrapped outside the elastic core yarn 10 which is wrapped at the front roller jaw 4, outputs elastic yarns fed through a positioning yarn guide hook 9 by a tension mechanism 8 and is directly wrapped by the short fiber strips 2 at the lower layer.
The following specific examples 1-3 of the negative poisson ratio yarn and the composite spinning thereof are for different fibers and linear densities, namely, different rigid filament bundles, different roving strands of short fibers, different diameter ratios and different composite spinning process parameters, namely, spindle speed, front roller speed, overfeed roller speed and twist. According to the overfeeding asymmetric two-axis or three-axis system composite spinning mechanism and the spinning method of the ring spinning frame, the composite structure yarn with the negative Poisson ratio is spun.
For spinningMeasuring the average diameter of twisted short fiber strands, the average diameter of filament bundles and the appearance diameter of the negative Poisson ratio yarn of the prepared negative Poisson ratio yarn; the method comprises the steps of adopting a single-yarn tensile tester to test the tensile property, adopting a micro-focus high-frequency camera to record longitudinal and transverse changes of the yarn in the tensile process, and calculating the Poisson ratio v in the yarn tensile process, wherein the Poisson ratio v refers to the negative value v of the ratio of the radial strain to the axial strain of the yarnx/y. Wherein,xis the radial strain of the yarn and,yis the axial strain of the yarn. The practical data of the specific embodiment and the composite spinning process parameter and the measured data of the finished yarn are shown in the table.
Example 1: spun Nomex staple fiber/Kevlar filament composite negative Poisson ratio composite structure yarn
By adopting the overfeeding asymmetric biaxial composite spinning device, Kevlar filament bundles are fed into a circular table holding roller pair of the overfeeding mechanism according to the mode, then overfeeding enters the front roller jaw 4, and after being output from the front roller jaw, the Kevlar filament bundles and Nomex short fiber strands are converged and twisted into yarns at a convergence angle of 45 degrees, and specific process parameters and actual measurement data of the yarns are shown in the table. The physical and mechanical performance parameters of the spun Nomex staple fiber/Kevlar filament negative Poisson ratio composite structure yarn are as follows. Wherein the Nomex staple fiber strands are changed from being straightened to being spirally over-wrapped when the Nomex staple fiber/Kevlar filament composite structural yarn is drawn; the Kevlar filament bundle is wound from the spiral outer wrapping to be changed into straight core yarn, namely the radial deformation of the composite structure yarn is positive, the appearance diameter of the composite structure yarn is thickened, the theoretical thickness increasing rate 6 is 0.5, the composite structure yarn is in a negative poisson ratio property, and the theoretical maximum negative poisson ratio is-1.0534; the result of the measurement is higher than-1.061, which indicates that the yarn has larger thickening capability. The reason why the actually measured/theoretical negative Poisson ratio is slightly larger than 1 is that the initially wrapped Kevlar filament bundle is non-circular and is embedded into twisted Nomex short fiber strands in a point manner, so that the length is smaller than d and the straightening is zero; the Kevlar tow after drawing was non-round, and was given as d. Therefore, the measured/theoretical negative poisson's ratio is slightly greater than 1.
Example 2: negative Poisson ratio composite structure yarn compounded by spun polyester cotton staple fibers, stretch yarns and high-strength polyester filaments
By adopting the overfeeding asymmetric triaxial system shafting composite spinning device and the process, elastic filaments (spandex) are coaxially fed into the front roller jaw 4 and directly wrapped by polyester-cotton short fiber strands, high-strength polyester filament bundles are fed into a circular table holding roller pair of the overfeeding mechanism, then overfeeding is carried out into the front roller jaw 4, the polyester-cotton short fiber strands wrapped with the elastic filaments are converged and twisted into yarns by a 22-degree convergence angle after being output from the front roller jaw, and specific process parameters and actual measurement data of the yarns are shown in a table. The physical and mechanical performance parameters of the spun (polyester cotton staple fiber and stretch yarn)/high-strength polyester filament negative Poisson ratio composite structure yarn are as follows. When the elastic core-spun yarn of the polyester-cotton staple fiber and the spandex filament/high-strength polyester filament composite structure yarn is stretched, the elastic core-spun yarn of the cotton staple fiber and the spandex filament is changed into spiral outer wrapping from straightening; the high-strength polyester filament bundle is changed into straight core yarn from spiral outer wrapping, namely the radial deformation of the composite structure yarn is positive, the appearance diameter of the composite structure yarn is thickened, the theoretical thickness increasing rate is 0.76, the composite structure yarn has a negative Poisson ratio property, and the theoretical maximum negative Poisson ratio is-0.3800; the result was found to be higher at-0.3667, indicating greater ability of the yarn to thicken. The reason why the actually measured/theoretical negative poisson ratio value is less than 1(0.965) is that the theoretical poisson ratio value is on the premise that the apparent diameters of the short fiber bundle and the long fiber bundle are not changed, and the polyester-cotton short fiber strands and the spandex yarns are shrunk and flattened due to spiral extension in the stretching process of the yarns, so that the apparent diameter D of the elastic core-spun yarns of the polyester-cotton short fibers and the spandex yarns is reduced, and therefore, the actually measured/theoretical negative poisson ratio value is less than 1, but the shrinkage of the elastic yarns can be ignored, and the elastic tightening reduces the mutual slippage of the short fibers, so that the diameter of the elastic core-spun yarns is reduced and the repositionability of the elastic core-spun yarns is increased.
Example 3: negative poisson ratio composite structure yarn compounded by spinning basalt staple fiber yarn/carbon fiber filament
By adopting the overfeeding asymmetric biaxial composite spinning device, the carbon fiber long tows are fed into the circular table holding roller pair of the overfeeding mechanism according to the mode, then overfeeding enters the front roller jaw 4, and the carbon fiber long tows and the basalt short fiber strands are converged and twisted into yarns at a convergence angle of 35 degrees after being output from the front roller jaw, and specific process parameters and actual measurement data of the yarns are shown in a table. The physical and mechanical performance parameters of the basalt staple fiber/carbon fiber filament negative poisson ratio composite structure yarn spun by the spinning method are as follows. Wherein, when the basalt short fiber/carbon fiber filament composite structure yarn is stretched, the basalt short fiber strand is changed from straightening to spiral wrapping; the carbon fiber filament bundle is changed into a straight core yarn from spiral outer wrapping, namely the radial deformation of the composite structure yarn is a positive value, the appearance diameter of the composite structure yarn is thickened, the theoretical thickness increasing rate 6 is 0.8235, the composite structure yarn has a negative Poisson ratio property, and the theoretical maximum negative Poisson ratio is-0.4326; the result was found to be higher at-0.4332, indicating greater ability of the yarn to thicken. The reason that the actually measured/theoretical negative poisson ratio is slightly larger than 1 (1.001) is that the initial wrapped carbon fiber filament bundle is non-circular and is embedded into the wurtzite short fiber strand in a point manner, so that the length is smaller than d and the straightening is zero; the drawn carbon fiber filament bundle is non-rounded, and is d. Therefore, the measured/theoretical negative poisson's ratio is slightly greater than 1.
Example 4: spun stainless steel staple fiber and stretch yarn/stainless steel filament composite negative Poisson ratio composite structure yarn
By adopting the overfeeding asymmetric triaxial system shafting composite spinning device and the process, the elastic filaments (high-temperature resistant rubber filaments) are coaxially fed into the front roller jaw 4 and directly wrapped by the stainless steel short fiber strands, the stainless steel long filament bundles are fed into the circular table holding roller pair of the overfeeding mechanism, then overfeeding is carried out on the stainless steel long filament bundles and enters the front roller jaw 4, the stainless steel short fiber strands wrapped by the high-temperature resistant rubber filaments are converged and twisted into yarns by a 58-degree convergence angle after being output from the front roller jaw, and specific process parameters and actual measurement data of the yarns are shown in the table. The physical and mechanical performance parameters of the spun (stainless steel staple fiber + stretch yarn)/stainless steel filament negative Poisson ratio composite structure yarn are as follows. When the composite structure yarn of the elastic core-spun yarn/the stainless steel filament bundle of the stainless steel short fiber and the high-temperature resistant rubber filament is stretched, the elastic core-spun yarn of the stainless steel short fiber and the high-temperature resistant rubber filament is changed from being straightened into being spirally wrapped; the stainless steel filament bundle is changed into straight core yarn from spiral outer wrapping, namely the radial deformation of the composite structure yarn is positive, the appearance diameter of the composite structure yarn is thickened, the theoretical thickness increasing rate is 0.8636, the composite structure yarn is in a negative poisson ratio property, and the theoretical maximum negative poisson ratio is-0.9805; the result was found to be higher at-0.9743, indicating greater ability of the yarn to thicken. The reason why the actually measured/theoretical negative poisson ratio value is less than 1(0.994) is that the theoretical poisson ratio value is on the premise that the apparent diameters of the short fiber bundle and the long fiber bundle are not changed, and the polyester cotton short fiber strands and the spandex yarns are shrunk and flattened due to spiral extension in the stretching process of the yarns, so that the apparent diameter D of the elastic core-spun yarns of the polyester cotton short fibers and the spandex yarns is reduced, and therefore, the actually measured/theoretical negative poisson ratio value is less than 1, but the shrinkage of the elastic yarns can be ignored, and the elastic tightening reduces the mutual slippage of the short fibers, so that the diameter of the elastic core-spun yarns is reduced and the repositionability of the elastic core-spun yarns is increased.
Overfeeding asymmetric biaxial composite spinning process parameter and negative Poisson ratio property index of yarn of ring spinning frame
While the invention has been described with respect to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes, omissions and deviations in the form and detail thereof may be made without departing from the scope of this invention. Those skilled in the art can make various changes, modifications and equivalent arrangements, which are equivalent to the embodiments of the present invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and which may be made by utilizing the techniques disclosed above; meanwhile, any changes, modifications and variations of the above-described embodiments, which are equivalent to those of the technical spirit of the present invention, are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A ring spun negative poisson ratio yarn, characterised in that: the negative Poisson ratio composite structure yarn is obtained by directly carrying out composite spinning on an asymmetric biaxial system on a ring spinning frame by using a relatively rigid and externally wrapped and wound filament bundle and a relatively flexible short fiber strand positioned on a yarn core.
2. The ring spun negative poisson's ratio yarn of claim 1, wherein: the relative rigidity refers to that: compared with the short fiber strand, the long fiber bundle has relatively high modulus, relatively thin and relatively loose; the relative flexibility refers to that: compared with the long tow, the short fiber strand is relatively elastic, relatively thick and relatively tight;
namely: the tensile modulus of the long tow is greater than that of the short fiber strips and is greater than that of the twisted short fiber strips, so that the short fiber strips in the finished yarn are relatively easy to bend and extend, and the long tow is relatively easy to straighten but not easy to extend; the ratio of the outer diameter of the filament bundle to the outer diameter of the short fiber strand is 1: 1.5-1: 20, and the twist of the filament bundle is smaller than that of the short fiber strand, so that the diameter of the actual yarn body after the short fiber strand is wrapped by the filament bundle in the radial direction is smaller than the round theoretical diameter of the filament bundle.
3. The ring spun negative poisson's ratio yarn of claim 1, wherein: the filament bundle is one of polyester filament, polypropylene filament, aramid filament, polyethylene filament, carbon fiber filament, metal wire, glass fiber filament and basalt fiber filament.
4. The ring spun negative poisson's ratio yarn of claim 1, wherein: the short fiber sliver is one of common textile fiber, aramid fiber, polysulfonamide fiber, basalt fiber and metal fiber.
5. The ring spun negative Poisson's ratio yarn of claim 1 or 4, wherein: the elastic fiber strand is internally provided with coaxial elastic wires which are completely covered by the short fiber strand to form elastic core-spun yarns; finally, the negative Poisson ratio yarn of the filament bundle wrapped elastic covering yarn is manufactured.
6. A composite spinning device of ring spun negative Poisson ratio yarn, which is used for spinning the ring spun negative Poisson ratio yarn as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, and is characterized in that: the ring spinning frame comprises a front upper roller and a front lower roller; the middle part of the front upper roller is provided with a groove, the overfeed mechanism is arranged on a cradle of a ring spinning frame and is driven by the front upper roller and used for feeding the filament bundles into the groove in the middle part of the front upper roller; the input side of the front roller jaw is provided with a positioning horn mouth for bundling and positioning the short fiber strands.
7. The composite spinning device of ring spun negative poisson's ratio yarn as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the overfeed mechanism comprises a bridging roller driven by a front upper roller, the bridging roller is connected with a speed regulating roller, the speed regulating roller is coaxially connected with a circular table holding roller used for winding and holding rigid filament bundles through a connecting shaft, and a tension disc used for balancing, stabilizing and positioning the filament bundles is arranged above the circular table holding roller.
8. The composite spinning device of ring spun negative poisson's ratio yarn as claimed in claim 6 or 7, characterised in that: the tension mechanism is a mechanism which can be underfed, stretched and elasticated, and the tension mechanism also comprises a positioning yarn guide hook which is used for accurately positioning the elastic yarn and stabilizing the tension.
9. A composite spinning method of negative Poisson ratio yarn of ring spinning is characterized in that: the composite spinning device of the negative Poisson ratio yarn of the ring spinning is adopted, the staple fiber strands are firstly straightened and positioned at the central shaft position, or a coaxial stretch yarn is added and output from a front roller front jaw of the ring spinning frame; the filament bundles are wound on a circular table holding roller through a tension disc for 0.1-3.5 circles, and are simultaneously output from a front roller jaw of a ring spinning frame in a tension-free or overfeed mode; then the short fiber strands which are separated from the short fiber strands by a set distance, are in a set convergence angle, are straightened and are output perpendicular to the front roller jaw line are twisted, converged and compounded to form the negative Poisson ratio composite structure yarn of asymmetric two-axis or three-axis composite spinning, wherein the long tow is wound and wrapped on the twisted short fiber strands or the elastic core-spun yarn without obvious compression deformation.
10. Use of a ring spun negative poisson's ratio yarn as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the material is used for processing fabrics with increased tightness and negative poisson ratio deformation under stress, or directly used as self-locking sewing threads, or used as a yarn reinforced composite material.
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