CN107389377B - Net for sampling micro-plastics in surface water body - Google Patents
Net for sampling micro-plastics in surface water body Download PDFInfo
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- CN107389377B CN107389377B CN201710872987.XA CN201710872987A CN107389377B CN 107389377 B CN107389377 B CN 107389377B CN 201710872987 A CN201710872987 A CN 201710872987A CN 107389377 B CN107389377 B CN 107389377B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
- G01N2001/1006—Dispersed solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
- G01N2001/1031—Sampling from special places
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- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
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- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a net for sampling micro-plastics in a surface water body and a matched sample bottle. The sample bottle can leak water but can retain micro plastic, and the micro plastic retained by the filter cartridge can automatically enter the sample bottle when being movably connected with the filter cartridge. Compared with the prior art, the net has a self-suspension function, the net port is vertical to the water surface, the water level height is automatically maintained, the floating height of the net port on the water surface does not need to be manually controlled, and the net can be used for accurately calculating the micro-plastic storage of a unit water body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of marine environmental protection, in particular to a net suitable for sampling micro-plastics in surface water and a sample bottle matched with the net.
Background
Most of the plastic wastes are stable long-chain high-molecular polymers which are not easy to degrade in natural environment, but can be broken into tiny plastic particles under the action of illumination, tide, temperature difference or wind erosion and the like to form the tiny plastic wastes. Micro-plastic refers to plastic fibers, particles or films with a size of less than 5 mm. The micro plastic in the water environment has the characteristics of huge quantity, high speed increasing, enrichment and release of toxic and harmful substances, harm to human health along with a food chain and the like, and has attracted extensive attention. The research on micro-plastics in water bodies in China is still in the initial exploration stage, and sporadic investigation and sampling are only carried out in certain water areas. At present, most of surface water body micro-plastics are continuously sampled in a large area by using a plankton net, the plankton net is designed into a submerged net, the net mouth is circular, the diameter is small, the water inflow is small, and the investigation ship can be torn down when the sailing speed is slightly high; and when carrying out the sampling of the little plastics of top layer water, the difficult control water layer, the net mouth inflow deviation is big moreover, is difficult to guarantee the accuracy of sampling. Nowadays, a special net suitable for large-area continuous and accurate sampling of surface water body micro-plastics is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and discloses a net for sampling micro-plastics in surface water and a sample bottle matched with the net,
the netting gear comprises: the filter cartridge is characterized by comprising a netting, wherein the netting is surrounded by a filter cartridge capable of filtering water and retaining micro plastic, the front end of the filter cartridge is provided with a water inlet, most of the water inlet is immersed below the water surface, and the rest of the water inlet floats above the water surface.
The sample bottle matched with the filter cartridge can filter water but can retain micro plastic, and is movably connected with the filter cartridge, and the micro plastic retained by the filter cartridge can enter the sample bottle along with water flow.
Further, the net for sampling the micro-plastics in the surface water body comprises:
the netting gear frame comprises a metal wire with a circular section, a rectangular outer frame, a cross beam cut by the metal wire with the circular section, sliding sleeves sleeved on two vertical edges of the rectangular outer frame, screw holes with axial directions perpendicular to the axial directions of sliding holes of the sliding sleeves, jackscrews arranged in the screw holes in a matched mode, and the inner ends of the jackscrews abut against the vertical edges of the rectangular outer frame; two ends of the cross beam are fixedly connected to the two sliding sleeves respectively and are parallel to the transverse edge of the rectangular outer frame;
the floats penetrate through the beam, and blocking sleeves for preventing the floats from shifting left and right are sleeved on the beam between the floats and two vertical edges of the rectangular outer frame;
the transverse edge below the rectangular outer frame is uniformly and fixedly provided with a plurality of connecting sheets, and the connecting sheets are connected with a plurality of balancing weights through quick hanging;
the four cables are equal in length, one ends of the four cables are fixedly connected together, and the other ends of the four cables are tied at four corners of the rectangular outer frame respectively;
one end of the towing rope is fixedly connected with one end of the four mooring ropes, and the other end of the towing rope is tied to the sampling ship;
the diameter of the filter cylinder support is less than one fourth of the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the rectangular outer frame, and internal threads are arranged on the inner wall of the filter cylinder support;
one ends of the four double-layer canvas ribs are fixedly connected to four corners of the rectangular outer frame respectively and are opposite to the four mooring ropes, and the other ends of the four double-layer canvas ribs are uniformly attached to the outer wall of the filter cylinder support and are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the filter cylinder support through rivets;
the netting is in an isosceles trapezoid shape, the length of the netting is equal to the distance between the inner end of the rectangular outer frame and the outer end of the filter cylinder support, and two waists of the netting are clamped between the four double-layer canvas of the double-layer canvas ribs and sewn through sewing threads.
Furthermore, horizontal wings are formed on the outer wall of the filter cylinder support in an extending mode in the horizontal direction, and vertical fins are formed in the extending mode in the vertical direction.
Further, the length of the transverse side of the rectangular outer frame is 100cm, and the height of the vertical side is 70 cm.
Further, the netting is a bolting silk with the mesh number of 300 meshes; the rectangular outer frame and the beam are aluminum alloy or stainless steel wires with the diameter of 1 cm; the mooring rope and the towing rope are metal or cotton-flax ropes; the buoy is a solid compressed foam or PE plastic sphere; the balancing weight is a lead weight.
Furthermore, the sample bottle comprises a bottle mouth, a bottle neck, a bottle shoulder, a bottle body and a bottle bottom, wherein the bottle mouth is provided with an external thread which is in threaded connection with an internal thread arranged on the inner wall of the filter cartridge support; the bottle body is uniformly provided with a plurality of windows, the bottle bottom is also provided with a window, and the netting is bonded in the sample bottle at the position corresponding to the window.
Further, the sample bottle is a metal bottle or a plastic bottle, and the mesh number of the net is 300 meshes of bolting silk.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the existing special collecting device for the surface water body micro-plastic can only sample water bodies in a small range, and is long in time consumption and low in efficiency. The netting gear can conveniently and quickly collect samples from a large-area station trawl.
Secondly, when the surface water body micro-plastic is collected at present, a plankton net is often used for collection, uninterrupted human intervention is needed for keeping about half area of a net port to float out of the water surface, and the quality of a sample cannot be guaranteed under severe sea conditions. The net has a self-suspension function, the net port is vertical to the water surface, the water level height is automatically maintained, the floating height of the net port on the water surface does not need to be manually controlled, and the net can be used for accurately calculating the micro-plastic storage of a unit water body.
Traditional sample collection bottle is fixed on the netting gear, and unable dismantlement, need wash appearance and sample transfer operation at sea after sample collection finishes, wastes time and energy, and probably remains little plastic pellet in the bottle and easily makes the sample collection of next station position produce the error. The sample bottle designed by the invention can be quickly detached, a new sample bottle is replaced to collect a sample at the next station, and the sample washing and sample operation are carried out in a land laboratory, so that the time and labor are saved, and the comfort is good.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 1 at the upper broken frame.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged partial sectional view of fig. 1 at the upper dashed box.
Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 1 at a lower broken frame.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a part of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 5 at a dotted frame.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," if used, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "in communication with" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly, detachably, or integrally connected, mechanically, electrically, directly or indirectly through intervening elements, or in communication between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to the drawings: a netting gear for sampling micro-plastics in surface water, comprising:
the netting gear frame 1 comprises a metal wire with a circular section, a rectangular outer frame 11 formed by bending the metal wire with the circular section, a cross beam 12 formed by cutting the metal wire with the circular section, a sliding sleeve 13 sleeved on two vertical edges of the rectangular outer frame 11, a screw hole with the axial direction perpendicular to the axial direction of a sliding hole of the sliding sleeve 13 is arranged on the sliding sleeve 13, a jackscrew 14 is arranged in the screw hole in a matched mode, and the inner end of the jackscrew 14 abuts against the vertical edge of the rectangular outer frame 11; two ends of the beam 12 are respectively fixedly connected to the two sliding sleeves 13 and are parallel to the transverse edge of the rectangular outer frame 11;
the four floats 2 are arranged on the beam 12 in a penetrating way, and blocking sleeves 21 for preventing the floats 2 from shifting left and right are sleeved on the beam 12 between the floats 2 and two vertical edges of the rectangular outer frame 11;
the counterweight device comprises three counterweights 3, wherein a plurality of connecting pieces 31 are uniformly and fixedly arranged on the transverse edge below the rectangular outer frame 11, and the connecting pieces 31 are connected with a plurality of counterweight blocks 3 through quick hangers 32;
the four cables 4 are equal in length, one ends of the four cables 4 are fixedly connected together, and the other ends of the four cables are tied at four corners of the rectangular outer frame 11 respectively;
one end of a dragging rope 5 is fixedly connected with one end of the four mooring ropes 4, and the other end of the dragging rope is tied to the sampling ship;
a filter cylinder support 6, the diameter of the filter cylinder support 6 is less than one fourth of the diameter of the circumcircle of the rectangular outer frame 11, and the inner wall of the filter cylinder support is provided with internal threads;
one ends of the four double-layer canvas ribs 7 are fixedly connected to four corners of the rectangular outer frame 11 respectively and are opposite to the four mooring ropes 4, and the other ends of the four double-layer canvas ribs 7 are uniformly attached to the outer wall of the filter cylinder support 6 and are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the filter cylinder support 6 through rivets 71;
four netting (not shown in the figure) are in an isosceles trapezoid shape, the length of the netting is equal to the distance between the inner end of the rectangular outer frame 11 and the outer end of the filter cylinder support 6, and two waists of the netting are clamped between the two canvas of the four canvas ribs 7 and sewn through sewing threads.
The length of the transverse side of the rectangular outer frame 11 is 100cm, and the height of the vertical side is 70 cm. The rectangular outer frame and the beam are aluminum alloy or stainless steel wires with the diameter of 1 cm; the mooring rope and the towing rope are metal or cotton-flax ropes; the buoy is a solid compressed foam or PE plastic sphere; the balancing weight is a lead weight.
The sample bottle 8 comprises a bottle mouth 81, a bottle neck 82, a bottle shoulder 83, a bottle body 84 and a bottle bottom 85, wherein the bottle mouth 81 is provided with an external thread which is in threaded connection with an internal thread arranged on the inner wall of the filter cartridge support; a plurality of windows are uniformly arranged on the bottle body 84, a window is also arranged on the bottle bottom 85, and netting is bonded in the sample bottle 8 at the position corresponding to the window. The sample bottle 8 is a metal bottle or a plastic bottle, and both the netting on the net and the netting on the sample bottle are a bolting silk with the mesh number of 300 meshes.
Under the combined action of the buoy and the counterweight, the netting gear frame 1 can be ensured to be always vertical. The positions of the sliding sleeves 13 on the two vertical edges can be adjusted by loosening and screwing the jackscrews 14, so that the positions of the cross beams relative to the upper transverse edge are adjusted, and finally the proportion of the part of the netting gear frame 1 floating on the water surface can be adjusted, thereby adapting to different acquisition requirements; when the collection ship sails on the water body, the netting is arranged to surround the filter cylinder support and is dragged to cross the surface water body, water enters from the front end of the filter cylinder, flows out from the filter cylinder body wall and the netting at the bottle body and the bottle bottom of the sample bottle 8, micro plastic in the water is blocked and is enriched in the sample bottle 8, and after collection is completed, the sample bottle 8 is screwed down from the filter cylinder support to perform subsequent analysis and test work. Can carry out the collection of the micro-plastic sample of the surface water body conveniently, quickly and accurately, and can facilitate the quick replacement of a new sample bottle after completing the collection of the sample of one station.
The water inlet is mostly immersed below the water surface, and a small part of the water inlet floats above the water surface; the rear end of the filter cylinder support is enclosed into a micro plastic enrichment area.
Example 2 is otherwise the same as example 1, except that horizontal wings 9 are formed on the outer wall of the cartridge holder 6 to extend horizontally outward, and vertical fins 10 are formed on the outer wall of the cartridge holder 6 to extend vertically outward. The horizontal wings 9 and the vertical fins 10 can ensure that the rear end of the net cannot turn and wind under the conditions of the change of the ship course direction and the disturbance of water flow.
Claims (6)
1. A netting gear for sampling micro-plastics in surface water, comprising: netting, netting gear frame and strain a section of thick bamboo and prop its characterized in that: the netting is surrounded into a filter cylinder which can filter water and can retain micro plastic, the front end of the filter cylinder is a water inlet, most of the water inlet is immersed below the water surface, and a small part of the water inlet floats above the water surface; the netting gear frame comprises a metal wire with a circular section, a rectangular outer frame, a cross beam cut by the metal wire with the circular section, sliding sleeves sleeved on two vertical edges of the rectangular outer frame, screw holes with axial directions perpendicular to the axial directions of sliding holes of the sliding sleeves, jackscrews matched in the screw holes, and the inner ends of the jackscrews are abutted to the vertical edges of the rectangular outer frame; two ends of the cross beam are fixedly connected to the two sliding sleeves respectively and are parallel to the transverse edges of the rectangular outer frame, a plurality of floats are arranged on the cross beam above the rectangular outer frame, blocking sleeves for preventing the floats from moving left and right are sleeved on the cross beam between the floats and two vertical edges of the rectangular outer frame, and a balancing weight is arranged on the cross beam below the rectangular outer frame; the filter cartridge comprises a filter cartridge support, wherein a horizontal wing is formed by extending the outer wall of the filter cartridge support horizontally outwards, a vertical fin is formed by extending the outer wall of the filter cartridge support vertically outwards, a sample bottle is arranged at the rear end of the filter cartridge, the sample bottle can filter water and can trap micro plastic, the sample bottle is movably connected with the filter cartridge, and the micro plastic trapped by the filter cartridge can enter the sample bottle along with water flow.
2. The netting gear for sampling the micro plastic in the surface water body according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
the transverse edge below the rectangular outer frame is uniformly and fixedly provided with a plurality of connecting pieces, and the connecting pieces are connected with a plurality of balancing weights through fishing lines;
the four cables are equal in length, one ends of the four cables are fixedly connected together, and the other ends of the four cables are tied at four corners of the rectangular outer frame respectively;
one end of the towing rope is fixedly connected with one end of the four mooring ropes, and the other end of the towing rope is tied to the sampling ship;
the diameter of the filter cylinder support is less than one fourth of the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the rectangular outer frame, and internal threads are arranged on the inner wall of the filter cylinder support;
one ends of the four double-layer canvas ribs are fixedly connected to four corners of the rectangular outer frame respectively and are opposite to the four mooring ropes, and the other ends of the four double-layer canvas ribs are uniformly attached to the outer wall of the filter cylinder support and are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the filter cylinder support through rivets;
the netting is in an isosceles trapezoid shape, the length of the netting is equal to the distance between the inner end of the rectangular outer frame and the outer end of the filter cylinder support, and two waists of the netting are clamped between the four double-layer canvas of the double-layer canvas ribs and sewn through sewing threads.
3. The netting gear for sampling the micro plastic in the surface water body according to claim 1, wherein: the length of the transverse side of the rectangular outer frame is 100cm, and the height of the vertical side is 70 cm.
4. The netting gear for sampling micro plastic in surface water body according to claim 2, wherein: the netting is a bolting silk with the mesh number of 300 meshes; the rectangular outer frame and the beam are made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel wires with the diameter of 1 cm; the mooring rope and the towing rope are metal or cotton-flax ropes; the buoy is a solid compressed foam or PE plastic sphere; the balancing weight is a lead weight.
5. The netting gear for sampling micro plastic in surface water body according to claim 2, wherein: the sample bottle comprises a bottle mouth, a bottle neck, a bottle shoulder, a bottle body and a bottle bottom, wherein the bottle mouth is provided with an external thread which is in threaded connection with an internal thread arranged on the inner wall of the filter cartridge support; the bottle body is uniformly provided with a plurality of windows, the bottle bottom is also provided with a window, and the netting is bonded in the sample bottle at the position corresponding to the window.
6. The netting gear for sampling micro plastic in surface water body according to claim 2, wherein: the sample bottle is a metal bottle or a plastic bottle, and the netting is a bolting silk with the mesh number of 300 meshes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710872987.XA CN107389377B (en) | 2017-09-25 | 2017-09-25 | Net for sampling micro-plastics in surface water body |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710872987.XA CN107389377B (en) | 2017-09-25 | 2017-09-25 | Net for sampling micro-plastics in surface water body |
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| CN107389377A CN107389377A (en) | 2017-11-24 |
| CN107389377B true CN107389377B (en) | 2020-08-11 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108421299B (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2023-09-15 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Multi-chamber reciprocating type marine microplastic synchronous acquisition and separation device with sand removal screw |
| CN108414275B (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2024-04-19 | 山东省海洋资源与环境研究院 | Little plastics sample collection device of coastal beach |
| CN109724848B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2021-09-21 | 华东理工大学 | Rapid collection device and collection method for micro-plastics in shallow water in river and lake system |
| CN110108514A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2019-08-09 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | The micro- plastics acquisition device of the water surface |
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