CN107385344A - 一种粉末冶金高挡同步器齿座齿榖材料配方及生产工艺 - Google Patents
一种粉末冶金高挡同步器齿座齿榖材料配方及生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种粉末冶金高挡同步器齿座齿榖材料配方及其加工方法,由雾化铁粉、铜粉、镍粉、钼粉、石墨粉、硫化锰、硬脂酸锌、聚乙烯超细微粉蜡均匀混合而成,其原料组成按重量份为计量单位包括铜粉0.02—3%;镍粉1‑‑5%;钼粉0.2‑‑0.8%;石墨粉0—0.9%;硫化锰0.05‑‑0.5%;硬脂酸锌0.1‑‑0.5%聚乙烯超细微粉蜡0.1—0.5%;其余为雾化纯铁粉。采用本发明的配方和工艺技术可以大幅提高产品精度和零件耐磨寿命,与锻件机加工零件抗衡,效率高成本低具有明显的优势。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种适用于轿车高挡同步器齿座齿榖的粉末冶金材料配方及生产工艺。
背景技术
粉末冶金是一门新兴材料工艺技术,在节能和经济成本效益具有较其它方法明显优势。用粉末冶金方法制造产品时,金属的损耗只有1-5%,而用一般熔铸或机加工方法生产时,金属的损耗可能会达到95%;批量生产效率高。轿车变速箱同步器齿座齿榖有使用锻钢机械加工和粉末冶金生产两种方式。但粉末冶金生产因零件结构复杂、尺寸精度高和材料强度性能要求高,目前技术核心大多掌握在外企中,他们可实现大批量稳定高性能产品生产。我国粉末冶金起步晚,在很多的具体技术存在问题从而制约自身发展。目前内资企业采用常规的整形+高频淬火的技术方案其缺点是零件寿命短。本发明在配方技术和特定生产工艺方面一定程度上填补国内此类空白,进而可实现我国粉末冶金高挡同步器齿座齿榖生产应用方面拓展更多空间。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对国内粉末冶金高挡齿座齿榖产品与锻件机加工比较出现零件耐磨寿命短或尺寸精度不足致变速箱挂挡困难或噪音大,不能满足客户需求应用面窄的情况。采用本发明的配方和工艺技术可以大幅提高产品精度和零件耐磨寿命,与锻件机加工零件抗衡,效率高成本低具有明显的优势。
本发明的具体技术方案是:一种粉末冶金高挡同步器齿座齿榖材料配方,由雾化铁粉、铜粉、镍粉、钼粉、石墨粉、硫化锰、硬脂酸锌、聚乙烯超细微粉蜡均匀混合而成,其原料组成按重量份为计量单位包括铜粉0.02—3%;镍粉1--5%;钼粉0.2--0.8%;石墨粉0—0.9%;硫化锰0.05--0.5%;硬脂酸锌0.1--0.5%聚乙烯超细微粉蜡0.1—0.5%;其余为雾化纯铁粉。与现有技术相比,本发明采用硬脂酸锌+聚乙烯超细微粉蜡的特定粉末冶金成形、脱模润滑配方,充分和弥补硬脂酸锌与聚乙烯超细微粉蜡各自优缺点。硬脂酸锌对于普通的粉末冶金成形优点是可增加粉末流动性和松装密度,脱模阻力小;其缺点是用量增加后成形密度降低,烧结不易挥发且有残留物,烧结尺寸变形大。本发明采用聚乙烯超细微粉蜡应用于粉末冶金,聚乙烯微粉蜡的优点是:熔点100—120℃低,在高压摩擦剪切作用下转变为液态润湿粉末和模壁可以大大提高产品密度,且烧结容易挥发无残留物;其缺点是会降低粉末流动性和松装密度。
本发明还提出了上述粉末冶金高挡同步器齿座齿榖的生产工艺,步骤如下:
步骤一,混合:先确定好混料总量,要求每批次〉500公斤,主要目的是可以将微粉蜡与铁粉充分碾碎可实现高密度成形效果;先将雾化铁粉取50%与全部石墨粉在搅拌机预混20分钟然后再将剩余的物料继续搅拌混合40分钟。混合完成后用适合容器装起并放置2小时后可使用。
]步骤二,成形:使用混合好的上述配方粉末送入压机,由压机根据以下的加工参数实现压坯成形。成形加工参数:成形速度控制5—12只/分钟;密度>7.0g/cm3;两头分段密度差<0.05g/cm3;重量波动公差<1.5%产品单重;模具采用硬质合金材质,模腔抛光粗糙度小于0.1μm。这些参数是实现粉末冶金高精度高密度产品的必要条件。
步骤三,预烧结:将成形坯整齐摆放在陶瓷平板上,产品及平板按照规定放入烧结网带上;网带粉末冶金烧结炉依据特定的烧结参数进行烧结,经过烧结后成形坯变成具有一定强度的烧结品。烧结加工参数:预热脱蜡段温度600--850℃,脱蜡时间0.5—3小时;高温烧结段温度900--1000℃,保温时间40—70分钟;炉膛保护气是90%氮气+10%氢气
步骤四,整形:将烧结好的半成品放入整形模具进行尺寸精密校正,达到设计所需的公差精度。整形加工参数:整形速度控制5—20只/分钟;整形介质采用水基专用整形液;模具采用硬质合金材质,模腔抛光粗糙度小于0.1μm。
步骤五,烧结硬化:将成形坯整齐摆放在陶瓷平板上,产品及平板按照规定放入烧结网带上;网带粉末冶金烧结炉依据特定的烧结参数进行烧结,经过烧结后成形坯变成具有高强度的烧结半成品。烧结加工参数:预热脱蜡段温度600--850℃;高温烧结段温度1100--1150℃,保温时间40—60分钟;炉膛保护气是90%氮气+10%氢气。烧结炉后段淬冷介质是纯氮风冷,冷却速度2.3--10℃/S。得到与钢件一样的整体硬化马氏体组织。
基于零件局部高精度尺寸要求进行少量机加工。
综上,上述工艺流程是配料、混合、成形、预烧结、整形,烧结硬化、机加工。
采用本发明的粉末冶金高挡齿座齿榖材料配方及其特定生产工艺,可以实现粉末冶金高挡齿座齿榖尺寸精度、使用寿命较常规工艺有大幅提高。尺寸精度提高主要是增加了预烧结工艺,使用寿命提高主要是采用上述配方粉末烧结后实现整体淬硬得到均匀马氏体组织提高了耐磨性。
具体实施方式
实施例
本发明应用于汽车上的粉末冶金高挡齿座齿榖批量大的零件。这些零件较锻造、铸造、机加工在效率、成本、节能方面具有明显优势。汽车产品需求量大,质量、安全性要求高。汽车工业水平一部分程度上体现了国家的工业技术实力。我国汽车工业技术还落后于国外发达国家,其主要原因是很多零件的精密度、可靠性、一致性未达到国外水平。其中包含了粉末冶金机高挡齿座齿榖零件。通过应用本发明技术方案可解决尺寸精度、使用寿命及工业化稳定可靠生产问题。这些产品通过实验验证达到了装配总成上的寿命、噪音等各项性能指标。
零件尺寸精度必须小于10级,局部尺寸要求小于6级,否则装配后运转起来会产生很大噪音,或者变速箱换挡困难等不良影响;密度要大于7.0G/CM3和零件整体硬度需要大于HRC30 ,否则强度不足影响零件寿命。
此高挡零件采用的材料配方:其原料组成按重量份为计量单位包括铜粉1.8%;镍粉4%;钼粉0.6%;石墨粉0.7%;硫化锰0.2%;硬脂酸锌0.3%聚乙烯超细微粉蜡0.4%;其余为雾化纯铁粉。具体生产工艺如下:
步骤一,混合工艺:采用双锥型混料机1000公斤/炉,先将雾化铁粉取500公斤与规定配比的全部石墨粉在搅拌机预混20分钟然后再将剩余的500公斤雾化铁粉、规定配比全部的原料继续搅拌混合40分钟。混合完成后用专用粉斗装起并放置4小时使用。
步骤二,成形:使用混合好的上述配方粉末送入压机,由压机根据以下的加工参数实现压坯成形。成形加工参数:成形速度控制8只/分钟;密度7.0—7.10g/cm3;两头分段密度差<0.05g/cm3且确保压坯无裂纹;重量波动公差<1.5%产品单重;模具采用硬质合金材质,模腔抛光粗糙度小于0.1μm,模腔齿形精度4—5级。
步骤三,预烧结:将成形坯整齐摆放在陶瓷平板上,产品及平板按照规定放入烧结网带上;网带粉末冶金烧结炉依据特定的烧结参数进行烧结,经过烧结后成形坯变成具有一定强度的烧结品。烧结加工参数:预热脱蜡段温度600--850℃,脱蜡时间1.5小时;高温烧结段温度950℃,保温时间45分钟;炉膛保护气是90%氮气+10%氢气
步骤四,整形:将烧结好的半成品放入整形模具进行尺寸精密校正,达到设计所需的公差精度。整形加工参数:整形速度控制8只/分钟;整形介质采用水基专用整形液;模具采用硬质合金材质,模腔抛光粗糙度小于0.1μm。
步骤五,烧结硬化:将成形坯整齐摆放在陶瓷平板上,产品及平板按照规定放入烧结网带上;网带粉末冶金烧结炉依据特定的烧结参数进行烧结,经过烧结后成形坯变成具有高强度的烧结半成品。烧结加工参数:预热脱蜡段温度600--850℃;高温烧结段温度1120℃,保温时间50分钟;炉膛保护气是90%氮气+10%氢气。烧结炉后段淬冷介质是纯氮风冷,冷却速度5℃/S。得到与钢件一样的整体硬化马氏体组织。
基于零件局部高精度尺寸要求进行少量机加工。
经过上述工艺流程是配料、混合、成形、预烧结、整形,烧结硬化、机加工,可以实现高精度和长寿命的粉末冶金高挡齿座齿榖生产。
Claims (2)
1.一种粉末冶金高挡同步器齿座齿榖材料配方,由雾化铁粉、铜粉、镍粉、钼粉、石墨粉、硫化锰、硬脂酸锌、聚乙烯超细微粉蜡均匀混合而成,其原料组成按重量份为计量单位包括铜粉0.02—3%;镍粉1--5%;钼粉0.2--0.8%;石墨粉0—0.9%;硫化锰0.05--0.5%;硬脂酸锌0.1--0.5%聚乙烯超细微粉蜡0.1—0.5%;其余为雾化纯铁粉。
2.一种如权利要求1所述粉末冶金高挡同步器齿座齿榖的生产工艺,步骤依次如下:配料混合、成形、预烧结、整形,烧结硬化、机加工;其中:
步骤一,配料混合:将雾化铁粉取50%与全部石墨粉在搅拌机预混20分钟然后再将剩余的物料继续搅拌混合40分钟;
混合完成后用容器装起并放置2小时后可使用;
步骤二,成形:使用混合好的上述配方粉末送入压机,由压机根据以下的加工参数实现压坯成形;成形加工参数:成形速度控制5—12只/分钟;密度>7.0g/cm3;两头分段密度差<0.05g/cm3;重量波动公差<1.5%产品单重;模具采用硬质合金材质,模腔抛光粗糙度小于0.1μm;
步骤三,预烧结:将成形坯整齐摆放在陶瓷平板上,产品及平板按照规定放入烧结网带上;网带粉末冶金烧结炉依据特定的烧结参数进行烧结,经过烧结后成形坯变成具有一定强度的烧结品;烧结加工参数:预热脱蜡段温度600--850℃,脱蜡时间0.5—3小时;高温烧结段温度900--1000℃,保温时间40—70分钟;炉膛保护气是90%氮气+10%氢气;
步骤四,整形:将烧结好的半成品放入整形模具进行尺寸精密校正,达到所需的公差精度;整形加工参数:整形速度控制5—20只/分钟;整形介质采用水基专用整形液;模具采用硬质合金材质,模腔抛光粗糙度小于0.1μm;
步骤五,烧结硬化:将成形坯整齐摆放在陶瓷平板上,产品及平板放入烧结网带上;网带粉末冶金烧结炉依据下述烧结加工参数进行烧结,经过烧结后成形坯变成具有高强度的烧结半成品;烧结加工参数:预热脱蜡段温度600--850℃;高温烧结段温度1100--1150℃,保温时间40—60分钟;炉膛保护气是90%氮气+10%氢气;烧结炉后段淬冷介质是纯氮风冷,冷却速度2.3--10℃/S;
得到与钢件一样的整体硬化马氏体组织;
步骤六,基于零件局部高精度尺寸要求进行少量机加工直至完成加工。
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CN109628848A (zh) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-16 | 浙江江兴汽车检测设备有限公司 | 一种电涡流机镍铁合金导磁板及其制作方法 |
CN109852897A (zh) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-06-07 | 江苏智造新材有限公司 | 一种双离合大扭矩自动变速箱同步器齿毂的粉末冶金制备方法 |
CN111702167A (zh) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-09-25 | 重庆科利得精密机械工业有限公司 | 一种铁基粉末冶金的三步混料工艺 |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109628848A (zh) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-16 | 浙江江兴汽车检测设备有限公司 | 一种电涡流机镍铁合金导磁板及其制作方法 |
CN109852897A (zh) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-06-07 | 江苏智造新材有限公司 | 一种双离合大扭矩自动变速箱同步器齿毂的粉末冶金制备方法 |
CN111702167A (zh) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-09-25 | 重庆科利得精密机械工业有限公司 | 一种铁基粉末冶金的三步混料工艺 |
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