CN107384025B - Spraying transparent conductive ink and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Spraying transparent conductive ink and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN107384025B
CN107384025B CN201710681462.8A CN201710681462A CN107384025B CN 107384025 B CN107384025 B CN 107384025B CN 201710681462 A CN201710681462 A CN 201710681462A CN 107384025 B CN107384025 B CN 107384025B
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transparent conductive
conductive ink
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CN107384025A (en
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丁轶
周海涛
雷震
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Zhuhai Nanometals Technology Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00Inks
    • C09D11/52Electrically conductive inks
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00Inks
    • C09D11/02Printing inks
    • C09D11/03Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00Inks
    • C09D11/02Printing inks
    • C09D11/03Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
    • C09D11/033Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder characterised by the solvent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00Inks
    • C09D11/02Printing inks
    • C09D11/10Printing inks based on artificial resins

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Abstract

The invention discloses a spraying transparent conductive ink which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 0.05-0.5 part of nano silver wire, 5-15 parts of poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -poly (styrenesulfonic acid) dispersion liquid, 0.1-3 parts of dimethyl sulfoxide, 0.01-0.1 part of pH regulator, 0.05-2 parts of adhesive, 0.01-0.05 part of surfactant, 0.01-0.05 part of anti-shrinking agent, 0.01-0.5 part of coupling agent, 15-50 parts of organic solvent, 35-70 parts of deionized water and 0.01-0.5 part of functional assistant. The invention also provides a preparation method of the spray transparent conductive ink. The invention also provides application of the spray transparent conductive ink in preparing a transparent conductive electrode. The transparent conductive ink disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the light transmittance of the existing ink is improved, the color is improved to be blue, the square resistance value is reduced, and the uniformity and stability of the square resistance are improved.

Description

Spraying transparent conductive ink and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to conductive ink, in particular to spraying transparent conductive ink and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the increasing living standard of people, the requirements of consumers on electronic intelligence of ornaments develop rapidly in the aspects of novelty, electroluminescence, electrochromism and the like. The conductive polymer coating is mainly used as a core part in the personal consumer electronic intelligent ornaments in the existing market, and the conductive polymer coating is difficult to be applied to the electronic intelligent ornaments with high requirements on transparency and low requirements on square resistance value due to the problems of large square resistance and serious bluish color. In addition, the conductive polymer has high processing cost and high energy consumption, and brings about a lot of troubles in the control of the manufacturing cost. At present, the technicians in this field are working on developing new substitute materials for the electronic intelligent decoration industry, wherein, the metal nanometer material, especially the nanometer silver wire material becomes the most promising substitute material for commercial use at present.
The prior transparent conductive ink based on the nano silver wire has a plurality of patent applications, but the photoelectric property of the prior transparent conductive ink still needs to be improved, and the prior transparent conductive ink disclosed by the patent has the following defects:
the transparent conductive ink has the advantages of large haze value, bluish or yellowish color and low light transmittance, and most of the transparent conductive ink is prepared by a coating, blade coating or screen printing process, but the transparent conductive ink prepared by the coating, blade coating or screen printing process is not suitable for coating the irregular object surface.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a sprayed transparent conductive ink, which improves the light transmittance of the existing ink, improves the bluish color, reduces the sheet resistance value, and improves the uniformity and stability of the sheet resistance.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the spraying transparent conductive ink, which has simple process and convenient and fast manufacture and is convenient for large-scale industrial production.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the sprayed transparent conductive ink in preparing the transparent conductive electrode, wherein a transparent conductive layer with the thickness of 0.1-1 mu m is formed after the conductive ink is sprayed, and the transparent conductive layer has the characteristics of high light transmittance, low haze and low surface sheet resistance.
One of the purposes of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the spraying transparent conductive ink is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0001375599640000021
further, the specification of the nano silver wires in the nano silver wire dispersion liquid is as follows: the diameter is 10-50nm, the length is 1-50 μm, and the length-diameter ratio is 200-1200.
Further, the nano silver wire is added to the components of the conductive ink in the form of a nano silver wire dispersion liquid, and the concentration of the nano silver wire is 0.1-20 mg/mL.
Further, the solid content of the poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -poly (styrenesulfonic acid) dispersion liquid is 0.8-1.3%, the solvent is deionized water, and the conductivity is 50-1000S/cm.
Further, the pH regulator is one or more than two of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, ammonia water, 1, 3-propane diamine and octylamine.
Further, the adhesive is one or more than two of water-dispersion acrylic emulsion, alkali-soluble acrylic emulsion, water-dispersion polyurethane emulsion, nonionic polyurethane resin, water-soluble phenolic resin, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, high-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
Further, the organic solvent is one or more than two of ethanol, isopropanol, N-propanol, N-butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, isoamyl alcohol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide.
Further, the functional auxiliary agent is one or more than two of a dispersing agent, a settling agent, a thickening agent and a foam inhibitor.
The second purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of spraying transparent conductive ink comprises the following steps,
a primary mixing step: sequentially adding the poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -poly (styrenesulfonic acid) dispersion liquid, deionized water and an organic solvent into a container according to the proportion under the stirring state of 100-1000r/min for dispersing for 3-7 min;
a secondary mixing step: adding dimethyl sulfoxide, pH regulator, adhesive, surfactant, anti-shrinking agent, coupling agent, and functional adjuvant, and dispersing for 3-7 min;
and (3) mixing for the third time: finally, preparing the nano silver wires into nano silver wire dispersion liquid, adding the nano silver wire dispersion liquid, and dispersing for 20-25min to obtain the spraying transparent conductive ink.
The third purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the spraying transparent conductive ink is applied to preparing a transparent conductive electrode and comprises the following steps: and spraying the sprayed transparent conductive ink on the surface of the substrate, and drying to form the transparent conductive electrode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the transparent conductive ink is sprayed, so that the light transmittance of the existing ink is improved, the defect that the color is blue is overcome, the square resistance value is reduced, and the uniformity and stability of the square resistance are improved;
(2) the addition amount of the poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -poly (styrenesulfonic acid) dispersion liquid is very small, the main effect of the dispersion liquid is to endow the ink with good film-forming property, but not to determine the conductivity of the ink, so that the light transmittance of the ink film is greatly improved and the problem of blue color is solved, the added nano silver wire is a key substance determining the conductivity of the ink film, and when the light transmittance of the transparent conductive coating prepared by spraying is over 90 percent, the sheet resistance value is 100-200 omega/□; when the light transmittance is more than 87%, the sheet resistance value is 50-100 omega/□; when the light transmittance is more than 85 percent, the sheet resistance value is 15-50 omega/□; therefore, the application range is expanded, and the method is popularized and applied in the fields of high light transmittance, low sheet resistance value requirement and high appearance color requirement;
(3) the transparent conductive ink for spraying is an aqueous system, is environment-friendly and pollution-free, has no harmful substances, and meets the requirements of ROHS instruction, halogen-free instruction and SVHC regulation;
(4) the preparation method of the spray-coated transparent conductive ink has the advantages of simple process, convenient preparation and convenience for large-scale industrial production;
(5) the sprayed transparent conductive ink is applied to preparing transparent conductive electrodes, a transparent conductive layer with the thickness of 0.1-1 mu m is formed after the conductive ink is sprayed, the transparent conductive layer has the characteristics of high light transmittance, low haze and low surface sheet resistance, and the sprayed transparent conductive ink can be adapted to different coating base materials, so that the problem of adhesion on a substrate can be effectively solved, and the smooth proceeding of subsequent processes is ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1-2 show the 3D stereoscopic effect of the irregular ornaments coated with the transparent conductive ink of example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, and it should be noted that any combination of the embodiments or technical features described below can be used to form a new embodiment without conflict.
The spraying transparent conductive ink is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0001375599640000051
as a further embodiment, the specification of the nano silver wires in the nano silver wire dispersion liquid is as follows: the diameter is 10-50nm, the length is 1-50 μm, and the length-diameter ratio is 200-1200. The nano silver wires serve as conductive fillers, and the spraying ink layer is endowed with excellent conductivity through a conductive network formed by overlapping the nano silver wires.
As a further embodiment, the nano silver wire is added to the components of the conductive ink in the form of a nano silver wire dispersion, the concentration of the nano silver wire being 0.1 to 20 mg/mL.
As a further embodiment, the poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -poly (styrenesulfonic acid) dispersion (PEDOT/PSS) has a solids content of 0.8 to 1.3%, a solvent of deionized water, and an electrical conductivity of 50 to 1000S/cm. The poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -poly (styrenesulfonic acid) dispersion liquid has the functions of endowing the ink with good film-forming property and simultaneously improving the conductivity of the ink.
Dimethyl sulfoxide has the function of increasing the conductivity of poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -poly (styrenesulfonic acid).
In a further embodiment, the pH adjuster is one or more of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, ammonia water, 1, 3-propanediamine, and octylamine; the pH adjuster functions to increase the solubility of the poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -poly (styrenesulfonic acid) dispersion and to increase the solubility of the binder in the ink.
In a further embodiment, the binder is one or more of water-dispersed acrylic emulsion, alkali-soluble acrylic emulsion, water-dispersed polyurethane emulsion, nonionic polyurethane resin, water-soluble phenolic resin, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, highly-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose; the adhesive can endow the ink with crosslinking performance with the coupling agent during drying and curing, and improve the stability of the nano silver wire in the ink.
In a further embodiment, the surfactant is one or more of a fluorocarbon surfactant, an acetylene glycol nonionic surfactant and modified compounds thereof (dimethyl octyne glycol, tetramethyl decyne glycol, etc.), and octylphenyl polyoxyethylene ether. The surfactant is used for adjusting static surface tension and dynamic surface tension of the ink, and plays roles in wetting and leveling.
In a further embodiment, the antishrinking agent is one or more of polyether polyol, organic modified polysiloxane, and nonionic polyamide wax-polyethylene oxide condensate. The anti-shrinkage agent is used for preventing the generation of the spraying leveling defect and eliminating the generated spraying leveling defect.
In a further embodiment, the coupling agent is one or more of a silane coupling agent and a titanate coupling agent. The coupling agent has the functions of enhancing the bonding strength of the nano silver wires and the adhesive and the bonding strength of the nano silver wires and the substrate and improving the scratch resistance of the ink film.
As a further embodiment, the organic solvent is one or more of ethanol, isopropanol, N-propanol, N-butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, isoamyl alcohol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, N-dimethylformamide, and N, N-dimethylacetamide; the organic solvent is used for reducing the surface tension of the ink and providing wider solubility and leveling property.
In a further embodiment, the functional auxiliary agent is one or more of a dispersant, a settling agent, a thickener and a foam inhibitor. The functional assistant is used for improving or enhancing specific properties of the ink.
The dispersant is one or more than two of hyper-dispersant with anchoring group, salt of higher fatty acid, higher alcohol and HPMA; the method is used for improving the dispersion uniformity of the nano silver wires in the ink.
The anti-settling agent is one or more than two of alkali swelling acrylic emulsion, silicone mixture and gas-phase silicon dioxide; for improving ink stability.
The thickener is one or more of associative polyurethane thickener, acrylate alkali swelling thickener and modified polyurea thickener; for increasing the viscosity of the ink.
The foam inhibitor is one or more than two of organic modified polysiloxane emulsion, silicon ether copolymer and alkyne diol modified compound; for preventing the ink from foaming.
A preparation method of spraying transparent conductive ink comprises the following steps,
a primary mixing step: sequentially adding the poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -poly (styrenesulfonic acid) dispersion liquid, deionized water and an organic solvent into a container according to the proportion under the stirring state of 100-1000r/min for dispersing for 3-7 min;
a secondary mixing step: adding dimethyl sulfoxide, pH regulator, adhesive, surfactant, anti-shrinking agent, coupling agent, and functional adjuvant, and dispersing for 3-7 min;
and (3) mixing for the third time: finally, preparing the nano silver wires into nano silver wire dispersion liquid, adding the nano silver wire dispersion liquid, and dispersing for 20-25min to obtain the spraying transparent conductive ink.
The spraying transparent conductive ink is applied to preparing a transparent conductive electrode and comprises the following steps: spraying the sprayed transparent conductive ink on the surface of the substrate, and drying to form a transparent conductive electrode; wherein the base material is polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane, polycarbonate, polypropylene, glass or ceramic.
Example 1
The spraying transparent conductive ink is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
0.12 part of nano silver wire;
PEDOT/PSS, 10.00 parts;
1.50 parts of dimethyl sulfoxide;
0.10 part of concentrated ammonia water;
0.24 part of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose;
0.03 part of surfactant;
0.05 part of anti-shrinkage agent;
0.2 part of coupling agent;
0.05 part of dispersant;
isopropanol, 26.75 parts;
deionized water, 37.37 parts.
Example 2
The spraying transparent conductive ink comprises the following components:
0.10 part of nano silver wire;
PEDOT/PSS, 5.00 parts;
0.50 part of dimethyl sulfoxide;
0.07 part of concentrated ammonia water;
0.3 part of hydroxyethyl cellulose;
0.05 part of surfactant;
0.05 part of anti-shrinkage agent;
0.25 part of coupling agent;
0.03 part of dispersant;
29 parts of isopropanol;
deionized water, 40.05 parts.
Example 3
The spraying transparent conductive ink comprises the following components:
0.20 part of nano silver wire;
8.00 parts of PEDOT/PSS;
0.50 part of dimethyl sulfoxide;
0.07 part of 1, 3-propane diamine;
0.2 part of adhesive;
0.05 part of surfactant;
0.05 part of anti-shrinkage agent;
0.25 part of coupling agent;
0.08 part of dispersant;
30 parts of isopropanol;
50.8 parts of deionized water.
Example 4
The spraying transparent conductive ink comprises the following components:
0.05 part of nano silver wire;
PEDOT/PSS, 6.00 parts;
0.30 part of dimethyl sulfoxide;
0.02 part of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol;
0.26 part of hydroxyethyl cellulose;
0.02 part of surfactant;
0.01 part of anti-shrinkage agent;
0.3 part of coupling agent;
0.03 part of defoaming agent;
15 parts of isopropanol;
deionized water, 61.32 parts.
The spray transparent conductive inks of examples 1-4 were prepared using the following steps:
a primary mixing step: sequentially adding the poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -poly (styrenesulfonic acid) dispersion liquid, deionized water and an organic solvent into a container according to the proportion under the stirring state of 100-1000r/min for dispersing for 3-7 min;
a secondary mixing step: adding dimethyl sulfoxide, pH regulator, adhesive, surfactant, anti-shrinking agent, coupling agent, and functional adjuvant, and dispersing for 3-7 min;
and (3) mixing for the third time: finally, preparing the nano silver wires into nano silver wire dispersion liquid, adding the nano silver wire dispersion liquid, and dispersing for 20-25min to obtain the spraying transparent conductive ink.
The preparation methods of the spray-coated transparent conductive coatings of examples 1-4 all employed the following steps:
using PET as a base material (with a light transmittance of 92%, a haze of 0.5%, and a thickness of 125 μm), uniformly spraying the conductive ink sprayed in the examples 1-4 on the PET with a manual spray pen HP-CP, then placing the base material coated with the transparent conductive ink in a drying oven at 150 ℃ for 1min, and curing the ink film after the solvent is completely volatilized to obtain the transparent conductive coating.
Comparative example 1
The composition of the sprayed transparent conductive ink is that the anti-shrinkage agent and the coupling agent are removed on the basis of the example 1, and the composition is as follows:
0.12 part of nano silver wire;
PEDOT/PSS, 10.00 parts;
1.50 parts of dimethyl sulfoxide;
0.10 part of concentrated ammonia water;
0.24 part of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose;
0.03 part of surfactant;
0.05 part of dispersant;
isopropanol, 26.95 parts;
deionized water, 37.37 parts.
The preparation methods of the sprayed conductive ink and the sprayed transparent conductive coating are the same as example 1.
Performance testing
For examples 1-4 and comparative example 1, the sheet resistance of the sprayed conductive coating was measured using a four-probe tester, the transmittance and haze of the sprayed conductive coating were measured using a photoelectric haze meter, the adhesion was measured using a 3M610 tape, and the hardness was measured using a pencil hardness meter, with the results shown in table 1.
Table 1 results of performance testing
Figure BDA0001375599640000111
As can be seen from Table 1, the photoelectric properties and the mechanical properties of the examples 1 to 4 are superior to those of the comparative example 1, the difference is mainly caused by the adaptability difference of the spraying process, and the addition of the anti-shrinkage agent and the coupling agent can effectively improve the adaptability of the spraying process, so that the indexes of the photoelectric properties and the mechanical properties are greatly improved.
In addition, as can be seen from fig. 1-2, the 3D stereoscopic luminous effect exhibited by the application of the spray transparent conductive ink of example 1 to an irregular decoration is good, and the spray transparent conductive ink has the characteristics of uniform spraying, high light transmittance and low haze.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The spraying transparent conductive ink is characterized by being prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
Figure FDA0002546375330000011
the anti-shrinkage agent is one or more than two of polyether polyol, organic group modified polysiloxane and a non-ionic polyamide wax-oxidized polyethylene condensate;
the coupling agent is one or more than two of silane coupling agent and titanate coupling agent.
2. The spray coated transparent conductive ink of claim 1, wherein the nanosilver wires are of the following specifications: the diameter is 10-50nm, the length is 1-50 μm, and the length-diameter ratio is 200-1200.
3. The spray transparent conductive ink according to claim 2, wherein the nano silver wires are added to the components of the conductive ink in the form of a nano silver wire dispersion, and the concentration of the nano silver wires is 0.1 to 20 mg/mL.
4. The spray transparent conductive ink of claim 1, wherein the poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -poly (styrenesulfonic acid) dispersion has a solid content of 0.8 to 1.3%, the solvent is deionized water, and the conductivity is 50 to 1000S/cm.
5. The spray transparent conductive ink according to claim 1, wherein the pH adjuster is one or more of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, ammonia water, 1, 3-propanediamine, and octylamine.
6. The spray transparent conductive ink according to claim 1, wherein the binder is one or more of water-dispersed acrylic emulsion, alkali-soluble acrylic emulsion, water-dispersed polyurethane emulsion, nonionic polyurethane resin, water-soluble phenol resin, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, highly substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
7. The spray transparent conductive ink according to claim 1, wherein the organic solvent is one or more of ethanol, isopropanol, N-propanol, N-butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, isoamyl alcohol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, N-dimethylformamide, and N, N-dimethylacetamide.
8. The spray transparent conductive ink according to claim 1, wherein the functional additive is one or more of a dispersant, a settling agent, a thickener, and a foam inhibitor.
9. A method for preparing the transparent conductive ink for spraying according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising,
a primary mixing step: sequentially adding the poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -poly (styrenesulfonic acid) dispersion liquid, deionized water and an organic solvent into a container according to the proportion under the stirring state of 100-1000r/min for dispersing for 3-7 min;
a secondary mixing step: adding dimethyl sulfoxide, pH regulator, adhesive, surfactant, anti-shrinking agent, coupling agent, and functional adjuvant, and dispersing for 3-7 min;
and (3) mixing for the third time: finally, preparing the nano silver wires into nano silver wire dispersion liquid, adding the nano silver wire dispersion liquid, and dispersing for 20-25min to obtain the spraying transparent conductive ink.
10. The sprayed transparent conductive ink according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which is used for preparing a transparent conductive electrode, and comprises the following steps: and spraying the sprayed transparent conductive ink on the surface of the substrate, and drying to form the transparent conductive electrode.
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