CN107381812B - Sewage treatment device and method based on bacteria embedding immobilization and activated sludge mixing A2O - Google Patents
Sewage treatment device and method based on bacteria embedding immobilization and activated sludge mixing A2O Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A sewage treatment device and method based on bacteria embedding immobilization and activated sludge mixing A2O belong to the field of sewage and wastewater treatment. The biological treatment device comprises an anaerobic zone a established by taking activated sludge as a core, an anoxic zone b established by taking denitrifying bacteria embedded biological active filler and activated sludge as the core, an aerobic zone c established by taking nitrifying bacteria embedded biological active filler and activated sludge as the core, and a sedimentation tank d. The activated sludge in the system only has the functions of degrading organic matters and removing phosphorus, the activated sludge flows along with water flow to realize the process of separating sludge from water in a sedimentation tank, the activated sludge participates in the circulation of the whole system, the denitrification active filler (2) and the nitrification active filler (3) respectively exist in an anoxic part and a nitrification part and do not participate in the circulation of the activated sludge, and the activated sludge part does not need to be kept for a longer sludge age in consideration of the long generation period requirement of nitrifying bacteria, so the problems of a single sludge system are solved.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the field of sewage and wastewater treatment, and particularly relates to a sewage treatment process technology of an independent sludge system A2O based on bacterial embedding immobilization.
Background art:
most of the existing process technologies used in the field of sewage and wastewater treatment are activated sludge methods, the core material of the methods is biological activated sludge in a treatment system, and bacteria in the methods can be roughly classified into four categories of organic matter degrading bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and phosphorus removing bacteria according to performances. In the activated sludge treatment which is currently in operation, a single sludge system is performed, and the above-mentioned various types of bacteria are mixedly present in the activated sludge. In the operation process of the treatment system, the activated sludge is subjected to three main treatment processes of anaerobic treatment, anoxic treatment and aerobic treatment to remove three types of pollutants (C, N, P), finally sludge-water separation is carried out through a sedimentation tank to realize collection and discharge of bacteria, and then the activated sludge enters the front end of the sewage treatment system again in a backflow mode, so that retention of the activated sludge in the system and maintenance of a certain amount of sludge in the system are realized.
The operation mode of the activated sludge directly causes the activated sludge consisting of four types of bacteria with different physiological characteristics and generation cycles to work in the same procedure process, and the respective characteristics are difficult to be better exerted, so that the activated sludge method which has been born for more than 100 years has limited improvement of the treatment capacity, and various problems often occur in the operation due to the restriction of operation condition adjusting means.
The outstanding problems presented by the above systems are:
firstly, because of the operation of a single sludge system, various bacteria must operate under the same working condition, so that four types of bacteria with different physiological characteristics and generation cycles cannot meet the respective required physiological characteristic conditions, typically nitrobacteria, and because the generation cycle of the nitrobacteria is lower than the growth rate of other three types of bacteria, the effective proliferation of the nitrobacteria in the system can be guaranteed only by keeping the minimum sludge age of 3 days in the operation process of a sewage treatment plant, under the working condition, the number of other bacteria can be correspondingly increased, and the total amount of active sludge in the treatment system cannot be infinitely increased (the sludge concentration of the urban sewage treatment plant is generally controlled at 3500-5000 mg/L). As a result of such working conditions, the amount of nitrifying bacteria in the activated sludge system is limited, so that the operation load of the sludge in consideration of the operation of the denitrification and dephosphorization treatment system is very low (the ammonia nitrogen oxidation rate can only reach 15-20mg/L under the condition of the sludge concentration of 3700-4500mg/L in urban sewage treatment plants). The long-time low-load operation causes the sewage treatment capacity of an A2O sewage biological treatment plant to be limited, and the other problem caused by the low-load operation is sludge expansion in summer and low-temperature seasons, and the phenomenon that a large amount of activated sludge is seriously lost along with effluent.
Secondly, in the aspect of biological phosphorus removal, phosphorus is released by phosphorus uptake bacteria in an anaerobic state, phosphorus is excessively absorbed by phosphorus uptake bacteria in an aerobic state, and phosphorus uptake bacteria which finish excessively absorbing phosphorus must be removed from the system as soon as possible to ensure the effectiveness of biological phosphorus removal.
Thirdly, because the single sludge system is adopted, the proportion of nitrifying bacteria in the activated sludge is always in a small state under the limitation of the total amount of the sludge, the higher nitrification efficiency of the water temperature of the sewage treatment plant in summer can be ensured, and the whole nitrification efficiency of the treatment system is obviously reduced when the water temperature is lower than 16 ℃ in a low-temperature season, so that the sewage treatment plant has to greatly reduce the sewage treatment load in the low-temperature season to ensure that the effluent nitrogen index meets the discharge requirement, and the treatment capacity of the sewage treatment plant is greatly influenced.
The invention content is as follows:
aiming at the problems, starting from the separation and culture of bacterial flora according to the principle of the ecological stability of bacteria, separating nitrobacteria flora and denitrifying bacteria flora after 7 years, and completing the preparation of the high-efficiency bioactive filler by taking the flora as the core and taking bacterial embedding as a technical method. The ammonia oxidation rate of the prepared nitrifying bioactive filler reaches 120mg/L.h, and the nitrate nitrogen removal rate of the denitrifying bioactive filler reaches 300 mg/L.h. The bioactive filler can separate nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in the sewage treatment system from the activated sludge system, and a more efficient treatment system with stable system operation can be formed by using the bioactive filler.
The technical method and the principle are as follows: aiming at three main types of pollutants (C, N, P) in sewage and wastewater, four main types of bacteria are divided into two types to exist in the system, wherein one type is nitrifying bioactive filler and denitrifying bioactive filler; the other type of activated sludge, which consists of organic matter degrading bacteria and phosphorus-absorbing bacteria, is operated in the presence of both bioactive filler and activated sludge. Wherein the nitrifying bacteria and the denitrifying bacteria exist in a bacteria embedding and immobilizing form, and the organic matter degrading bacteria and the phosphorus uptake bacteria exist in an activated sludge form.
An independent sludge system A2O sewage treatment device based on bacteria embedding immobilization is characterized in that four types of bacteria exist in the system in two forms, one type is nitrifying bioactive filler and denitrifying bioactive filler; the other type of activated sludge, which consists of organic matter degrading bacteria and phosphorus-absorbing bacteria, is operated in the presence of both bioactive filler and activated sludge. Wherein the nitrifying bacteria and the denitrifying bacteria exist in a bacteria embedding and immobilizing form, and the organic matter degrading bacteria and the phosphorus uptake bacteria exist in an activated sludge form; comprises an anaerobic zone a, an anoxic zone b, an aerobic zone c and a sedimentation tank d which are connected in sequence. Activated sludge (1) is distributed and filled in the anaerobic zone a, activated sludge (1) and denitrifying bacteria embedded biological active filler (2) are distributed and filled in the anoxic part b, activated sludge (1) and nitrifying bacteria embedded biological active filler (3) are distributed and filled in the aerobic zone c, meanwhile, part of sludge and water mixed liquor (8) obtained after the aerobic oxidative degradation of organic matters and the oxidation of ammonia nitrogen in the aerobic zone c is circulated to the anoxic zone b for denitrification, the rest part of sludge and water mixed liquor enters a sedimentation tank d for sludge and water separation, and precipitated activated sludge (5) formed by precipitation in the sedimentation tank d is partially circulated to the anaerobic zone a.
The activated sludge (1) in the anaerobic zone a, the anoxic zone b, the aerobic zone c and the sedimentation tank d is circulated, and the denitrifying bacteria embedded bioactive filler (2) and the nitrifying bacteria embedded bioactive filler (3) are uniformly distributed in the respective reaction zones and are not circulated.
The method for treating sewage by adopting the device to carry out the independent sludge system A2O based on bacteria embedding immobilization is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that sewage and wastewater to be treated enter an anaerobic zone a through a raw water inlet pipeline (4), long-chain and macromolecular organic matters in the sewage and wastewater are degraded and converted into small molecular organic matters, meanwhile, the process of converting organic nitrogen into inorganic ammonia is completed, meanwhile, phosphorus in cell bodies is excessively released by phosphorus uptake bacteria in activated sludge in the anaerobic zone a under an anaerobic state, and the small molecular organic matters are absorbed and accumulated to be stored as energy for excessively absorbing phosphorus in a subsequent aerobic process; then the mixed liquid of the sludge and the water enters an anoxic zone b, denitrifying bacteria in the denitrifying active filler under an anoxic state carry out denitrification by using nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen formed by oxidizing ammonia nitrogen returned by the aerobic zone c and organic matters formed by the anaerobic zone a as electron acceptors, so that the removal of nitrogen in sewage and wastewater is realized; then the mixed liquid of the sludge and the water enters an aerobic zone c, the aerobic zone c is an aerobic reaction process, organic matter degrading heterotrophic bacteria in the activated sludge firstly complete aerobic oxidative degradation of most organic matters in an aerobic state, then nitrifying bacteria in the embedded biological active filler to oxidize ammonia nitrogen in sewage and wastewater to enable the ammonia nitrogen to be oxidized into nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, and in the aerobic reaction process, organic matters stored in oxidation release cell bodies of phosphorus-taking bacteria which have completed excessive release of phosphorus in the activated sludge in an anaerobic zone a excessively absorb phosphorus to realize a biological phosphorus removal process; after the aerobic oxidative degradation of organic matters and the oxidation of ammonia nitrogen are finished, namely at the reaction end, part of sludge-water mixed liquor (8) is refluxed to an anoxic zone b for denitrification, the other part of sludge-water mixed liquor enters a sedimentation tank d for sludge-water separation to form effluent (6) and precipitated activated sludge (5), one part of the precipitated activated sludge (5) is used as reflux sludge and is sent back to an anaerobic zone a to realize the retention of the activated sludge of the system, and the other part of the precipitated activated sludge is used as a residual sludge removal system.
The invention discloses a sewage treatment process technical method of an independent sludge system A2O based on bacteria embedding immobilization, which comprises an anaerobic zone a established by taking activated sludge (1) as a core, an anoxic zone b established by taking denitrifying bacteria embedded bioactive filler (2) and the activated sludge (1) as the core, an aerobic zone c established by taking the nitrifying bacteria embedded bioactive filler (3) and the activated sludge (1) as the core and a sedimentation tank d. Wherein the anaerobic zone a only contains activated sludge, and the anoxic zone b and the aerobic zone c both contain bioactive filler and activated sludge. Activated sludge in the system only has organic matter degradation and phosphorus removal functions, the activated sludge flows along with water flow in a sedimentation tank to realize a sludge-water separation process, the activated sludge participates in the whole system circulation, a denitrification active filler (2) and a nitrification active filler (3) respectively exist in an anoxic part and a nitrification part and do not participate in the activated sludge circulation, the biochemical action of denitrification and nitrification completely depends on bacteria embedded in the biological active fillers of each part, and the biochemical capacity of the biological phosphorus removal part and the organic matter degradation depends on phosphorus uptake bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria in the activated sludge.
The system arrangement mode fundamentally realizes the relative independence of the denitrifying bacteria and the nitrifying bacteria and the activated sludge, and the activated sludge part does not need to keep the requirement of longer sludge age in consideration of the long generation period requirement of the nitrifying bacteria, so the problems of the single sludge system are solved.
The main parts of the invention are as follows:
anaerobic part 1: the core material of the fraction is activated sludge (1) and the fraction is free of bioactive filler. In the sewage treatment process, the part degrades long-chain and macromolecular organic matters in sewage and wastewater by means of activated sludge (1) with organic matter degradation capacity, so that the long-chain and macromolecular organic matters are converted into micromolecular organic matters to meet the requirement of gathering energy storage in micromolecular organic matter cells when more effective electron acceptors are provided for the denitrification process of an anoxic zone and phosphorus uptake bacteria in the anoxic zone are used for phosphorus release, and organic nitrogen is released on the premise that the organic matters are degraded, so that the whole system can remove the nitrogen more effectively and thoroughly.
Anoxic part 2: the core materials of the part are denitrifying bacteria embedded bioactive filler (2) and activated sludge (1). The embedded denitrifying bacteria exist in the reaction system, and the denitrifying bacteria perform denitrification by using nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen formed by oxidizing ammonia nitrogen and organic matters formed by the anaerobic part 1 which are returned in the aerobic nitrification process 3 as electron acceptors under the anoxic state, so that the nitrogen in the sewage and the wastewater is removed. Meanwhile, phosphorus uptake bacteria in the part of activated sludge release phosphorus and accumulate energy in small molecular organic matter cells.
An aerobic part 3: the core material of the part is nitrifying bacteria embedded biological active filler (3) and activated sludge, the nitrifying bacteria existing in the embedded filler in the reaction system oxidize ammonia nitrogen in sewage and wastewater to nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen on the premise of providing sufficient dissolved oxygen, and meanwhile heterotrophic bacteria in the part of activated sludge carry out organic matter oxidative degradation in an aerobic state. Most of the mud and water mixed liquor (8) after the aerobic oxidative degradation of the organic matters and the oxidation of ammonia nitrogen is completed is circulated to the anoxic zone for denitrification, and the rest enters the settling zone for mud and water separation.
A sedimentation tank: the part has the functions of realizing the separation of the activated sludge (1) and water, realizing the separation of the activated sludge and the water through the precipitation concentration of the part, realizing the final effluent (6) of the treatment and forming the precipitated sludge (5). A part of the precipitated sludge (5) is returned as return sludge (7) to the anaerobic zone a to effect retention of activated sludge (1) of the system and another part is removed from the system as excess sludge (9).
The technical method is characterized in that:
the technical method is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps: an anaerobic zone a which is established by taking activated sludge (1) as a core; an anoxic zone b established by using denitrifying bacteria embedded bioactive filler (2) and activated sludge as cores; an aerobic zone c established by taking nitrifying bacteria embedded bioactive filler (3) and activated sludge as cores; and a sedimentation tank d.
Wherein the anaerobic part 1 only contains activated sludge, and the anoxic zone b and the aerobic zone c both contain bioactive filler and activated sludge. The activated sludge in the system only has the functions of degrading organic matters and removing phosphorus, the activated sludge flows along with water flow, the sludge-water separation process is realized in a sedimentation tank, the activated sludge participates in the whole system circulation, the denitrification active filler (2) and the nitrification active filler (3) respectively exist in an anoxic part and a nitrification part and do not participate in the activated sludge system circulation, the biochemical action of denitrification and nitrification is completely dependent on bacteria embedded in the biological active fillers of each part, and the biochemical capacity of the biological phosphorus removal part and the organic matter degradation is dependent on phosphorus uptake bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria in the activated sludge.
The invention can realize that:
firstly, in the system consisting of a, b, c and d, the denitrifying bacteria embedded bioactive filler (2) and the nitrifying bacteria embedded bioactive filler (3), because the activated sludge does not contain or hardly contains nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria, the growth requirement of nitrifying bacteria on longer sludge age is not considered, the sludge age is only controlled within a few hours, so that the sludge system does not generate sludge expansion and large sludge loss caused by the long sludge age and low sludge load, and meanwhile, the high sludge concentration and the high sludge load (because the part does not consider denitrification) can be considered in the system state, so that the biological phosphorus removal efficiency and the stability are greatly improved.
Secondly, when nitrification and denitrification efficiency are low in the anoxic zone b and the aerobic zone c in the system in low-temperature seasons in winter, denitrification efficiency of the anoxic zone b and ammoxidation reaction efficiency of the aerobic zone c can be improved rapidly by means of denitrification and adding of nitrifying bioactive fillers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sewage treatment plant and process diagram based on bacteria embedding immobilization and activated sludge mixing A2O.
1 activated sludge, 2 denitrifying bacteria embedded bioactive filler, 3 nitrifying bacteria embedded bioactive filler, 4 water inlet pipes, 5 precipitated activated sludge, 6 effluent, 7 return sludge, 8 sludge and water mixed liquid returning to an anoxic zone b, and 9 residual sludge.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. The denitrifying bacteria embedded bioactive filler is prepared by the prior art, such as the technologies in ZL201410137225.1, ZL201410137347.0, ZL201410137334.3 and the like or similar technologies.
Example 1
An independent sludge system A2O sewage treatment device and process based on bacteria embedding immobilization are shown in figure 1.
The method comprises the following steps that sewage and wastewater to be treated enter an anaerobic zone a through a raw water inlet pipeline, long-chain and macromolecular organic matters in the sewage and wastewater are hydrolyzed and acidified to be converted into micromolecular organic matters, meanwhile, the process of converting organic nitrogen into inorganic ammonia is completed, meanwhile, phosphorus in cell bodies is excessively released by phosphorus uptake bacteria in activated sludge in the anaerobic zone a in an anaerobic state, and the micromolecular organic matters are absorbed and accumulated to be stored as energy for excessively absorbing phosphorus in a subsequent aerobic process; then in the anoxic zone b of the sludge-water mixed liquid, denitrifying bacteria in the denitrifying active filler in an anoxic state carry out denitrification by using nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen formed by oxidizing ammonia nitrogen returned by the aerobic zone c and organic matters formed by the anaerobic zone a as electron acceptors, so that the removal of nitrogen in sewage and wastewater is realized; then the mixed liquid of the sludge and the water enters an aerobic zone c, the aerobic zone c is an aerobic reaction process, organic matter degrading heterotrophic bacteria in the activated sludge firstly complete aerobic oxidative degradation of most organic matters in an aerobic state, then nitrifying bacteria in the embedded biological active filler to oxidize ammonia nitrogen in sewage and wastewater to enable the ammonia nitrogen to be oxidized into nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, and in the aerobic reaction process, organic matters stored in oxidation release cell bodies of phosphorus-taking bacteria which have completed excessive release of phosphorus in the activated sludge in an anaerobic zone a excessively absorb phosphorus to realize a biological phosphorus removal process; after the aerobic oxidative degradation of organic matters and the oxidation of ammonia nitrogen are finished, namely the reaction end, part of the mud-water mixed liquor 8 is refluxed to the anoxic zone b for denitrification, the other part of the mud-water mixed liquor enters the sedimentation tank d for mud-water separation to form effluent 6 and precipitated activated sludge, one part of the precipitated activated sludge is used as the reflux sludge and is sent back to the anaerobic zone a to realize the retention of the activated sludge of the system, and the other part of the precipitated activated sludge is used as a residual sludge removal system.
Aiming at urban sewage treatment, parameters are set based on a technical process of a sewage treatment process of an independent sludge system A2O with bacteria embedded and immobilized.
An anaerobic zone a: activated sludge 1, reaction time HRT: 2-3 h;
an anoxic zone b: the filling rate of the denitrifying bacteria embedded bioactive filler 2 is 40-60% (volume), and the reaction time HRT: 1-2 h;
and (c) aerobic zone: the filling rate of the nitrifying bacteria embedded bioactive filler 3 is 30-50% (volume), and the reaction time HRT: 2-4 h;
a sedimentation tank d: activated sludge concentration MLSS: 4500-: 1-1.5 h;
sludge age: 0.5 d.
Under the condition of the parameters, aiming at organic matters (chemical oxygen demand), ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the effluent of urban sewage, the effluent of urban sewage treatment plant can reach the first grade A of GB 18918-: 50mg/L, 5(8) mg/L, 15mg/L and 0.5 mg/L.
Claims (2)
1. A2O sewage treatment plant based on bacteria embedding immobilization and activated sludge mixing is characterized in that four types of bacteria exist in a system in two forms, one type is nitrifying bioactive filler and denitrifying bioactive filler; the other type is activated sludge consisting of organic matter degrading bacteria and phosphorus-absorbing bacteria, and the system is operated under the condition that the bioactive filler and the activated sludge exist simultaneously; wherein the nitrifying bacteria and the denitrifying bacteria exist in a bacteria embedding and immobilizing form, and the organic matter degrading bacteria and the phosphorus uptake bacteria exist in an activated sludge form; comprises an anaerobic zone a, an anoxic zone b, an aerobic zone c and a sedimentation tank d which are connected in sequence; activated sludge (1) is distributed and filled in the anaerobic zone a, activated sludge (1) and denitrifying bacteria embedded bioactive filler (2) are distributed and filled in the anoxic zone b, activated sludge (1) and nitrifying bacteria embedded bioactive filler (3) are distributed and filled in the aerobic zone c, meanwhile, part of sludge and water mixed liquor (8) obtained after aerobic oxidative degradation of organic matters and oxidation of ammonia nitrogen in the aerobic zone c is circulated to the anoxic zone b for denitrifying denitrification, the rest part of sludge and water mixed liquor enters a sedimentation tank d for sludge and water separation, and the activated sludge (1) separated in the sedimentation tank d is partially circulated to the anaerobic zone a; the activated sludge (1) in the anaerobic zone a, the anoxic zone b, the aerobic zone c and the sedimentation tank d is circulated, and the denitrifying bacteria embedded bioactive filler (2) and the nitrifying bacteria embedded bioactive filler (3) are fixed in the respective reaction zones and do not circulate along with the activated sludge (1).
2. A method of wastewater treatment using the apparatus of claim 1, comprising the steps of: the method comprises the following steps that sewage and wastewater to be treated enter an anaerobic zone a through a raw water inlet pipeline, long-chain and macromolecular organic matters in the sewage and wastewater are degraded to be converted into micromolecular organic matters, meanwhile, the process of converting organic nitrogen into inorganic ammonia is completed, meanwhile, phosphorus in cell bodies is excessively released by phosphorus uptake bacteria in activated sludge in the anaerobic zone a in an anaerobic state, and the micromolecular organic matters are absorbed and accumulated to be stored as energy for excessively absorbing phosphorus in a subsequent aerobic process; then the mixed liquid of the sludge and the water enters an anoxic zone b, denitrifying bacteria in the denitrifying bacteria embedded bioactive filler under an anoxic state carry out denitrification by using nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen formed by oxidizing ammonia nitrogen returned from an aerobic zone c and organic matters formed in an anaerobic zone a as electron acceptors, so that the nitrogen in the sewage and the wastewater is removed; then the mixed liquid of the sludge and the water enters an aerobic zone c, the aerobic zone c is an aerobic reaction process, organic matter degrading heterotrophic bacteria in the activated sludge firstly complete aerobic oxidation degradation of most organic matters in an aerobic state, then nitrobacteria in the nitrobacteria embedded bioactive filler carry out oxidation on ammonia nitrogen in sewage and wastewater to oxidize the ammonia nitrogen into nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, and in the aerobic reaction process, organic matters stored in oxidation release cell bodies of phosphorus-taking bacteria which have completed excessive release of phosphorus in the activated sludge in an anaerobic zone a excessively absorb phosphorus to realize a biological phosphorus removal process; after the aerobic oxidative degradation of organic matters and the oxidation of ammonia nitrogen are finished, namely at the reaction end, part of mud-water mixed liquor (8) is refluxed to an anoxic zone b for denitrification, the other part of mud-water mixed liquor enters a sedimentation tank d for mud-water separation to form effluent (6) and precipitated activated sludge, one part of the precipitated activated sludge is used as reflux sludge and is sent back to an anaerobic zone a to realize the retention of the activated sludge of the system, and the other part of the precipitated activated sludge is used as a residual sludge removal system.
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| IL261848B (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2019-08-29 | S G T Sustainable Green Tech Ltd | Method for maintaining a steady microbial community in a combined anaerobic-aerobic apparatus, and apparatus therefor |
| CN109809572A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-05-28 | 宜兴国际环保城科技发展有限公司 | Total ammonia nitrogen for water process removes compound bacteria |
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