CN107381638B - A kind of perovskite MgNbO of electric field regulation and control selective freezing synthesis3Magnesium ion battery negative material - Google Patents
A kind of perovskite MgNbO of electric field regulation and control selective freezing synthesis3Magnesium ion battery negative material Download PDFInfo
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- CN107381638B CN107381638B CN201710550876.7A CN201710550876A CN107381638B CN 107381638 B CN107381638 B CN 107381638B CN 201710550876 A CN201710550876 A CN 201710550876A CN 107381638 B CN107381638 B CN 107381638B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G33/00—Compounds of niobium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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Abstract
A kind of electric field regulation and control selective freezing synthesis perovskite MgNbO3Magnesium ion battery negative material and preparation method thereof, it is characterized in that：Change the crystallization property with lattice defect crystal using the electric field for applying specific direction in high temperature solid state reaction, grows to form cylindrical shape particle along direction of an electric field；The non-homogeneous crystallization of cylindrical shape particle surface simultaneously and unevenly adhere to sintering aid at the big position of surface curvature radius and part adhesive becomes continuous poriferous pattern；Such pattern advantageously reduces crystal boundary resistance and electromigration resistance；Accelerate the rate of electrolyte and magnesium ion transfer ability and redox reaction in lattice and there is certain structural rigidity, changes to form buffering to form high performance Magnesium ion battery negative material for the material volume in charge and discharge process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high performance calcium titanium ore composite magnesium ion battery cathode material manufacturing method technical fields.
Background technology
Lithium rechargeable battery has volume, weight energy than high, voltage is high, self-discharge rate is low, memory-less effect, cycle
The absolute advantages such as long lifespan, power density height, at present global mobile power market have more than 30,000,000,000 dollar/year shares and with
Speed more than 10% gradually increases.Especially in recent years, with the gradual depletion of fossil energy, solar energy, wind energy, biomass
The new energy such as energy are increasingly becoming the alternative of traditional energy, and wherein wind energy, solar energy has intermittence, for the electricity for meeting lasting
Power in requisition for simultaneously use a large amount of energy-storage battery；The urban air-quality problem getting worse that vehicle exhaust is brought, it is electronic
Very urgent stage has been arrived in vigorously advocating and developing for vehicle (EV) or hybrid electric vehicle (HEV)；These demands provide
Lithium ion battery explosive growth point, while also to the performance of lithium ion battery, more stringent requirements are proposed.
The raising of the capacity of lithium ion battery plus-negative plate material is the primary goal of scientific and technical personnel's research, high power capacity positive and negative anodes
It is high-leveled and difficult to meet high power consumption and high power that the research and development of material can alleviate big current Li-ion batteries piles volume, heavy weight, price
The situation that equipment needs.However since lithium ion battery in 1991 is commercialized, the actual specific capacity of positive electrode is hesitated always
It wanders between 100-180mAh/g, low have become of positive electrode specific capacity promotes bottleneck of the lithium ion battery than energy.It compares
It is also very big in the room for promotion of anode, negative material capacity, such as tin and tin alloy material, silicon and silicon alloy material, all kinds of transition
Jin Shuyanghuawu [Md.Arafat Rahman, Guangsheng Song, Anand I.Bhatt, Yat Choy Wong, and
Cuie Wen, Nanostructured Silicon Anodes for High-Performance Lithium-Ion
Batteries, Adv.Funct.Mater. 2016,26,647-678]Deng.But high rate performance, cycle such as to take into account material
Capacity retention can be still extremely difficult.Wherein main cause has：1, electrode material is wanted simultaneously when redox reaction occurs
It is embedded in deintercalation and electronics conduction with quick lithium ion, i.e., there is good electron conduction and ionic conductivity simultaneously, no
Few negative material has higher lithium ion diffusion coefficient, however is electronic body, and the negative material also having is good
Electronic conductor, however lithium ion diffusivity is weak, so that the polarization of battery increases considerably；2, many electrode materials are in lithium
Ion has larger volume change during being embedded in deintercalation, to cause the broken and active electrode material of electrode material granules
Expect that the loss in cyclic process, big volume change also bring material lattice transformation in charge and discharge process to generate the second phase simultaneously
And seriously affect the performance of battery.3, the lithium cell negative pole material of conversion reaction mechanism, the electronic isolation of reaction product lithium compound
Property has seriously affected the invertibity of material.
The lithium cell negative pole material of alloy mechanism and the lithium cell negative pole material of conversion reaction mechanism are because there are multielectron transfers
Process often shows higher specific capacity, and metal oxide, sulfide, phosphide, carbonate, chloride are as allusion quotation in recent years
The conversion alloy reaction mechanism lithium cell negative pole material of type is gradually of concern.With the work of conventional lithium ion battery electrode material
Principle is different, and traditional lithium ion cell positive and cathode, which all have lithium ion, can be embedded in or the space of deintercalation, and electric
Solve lithium ion in matter embedded back and forth and deintercalation and " rocking chair " proposed as Armand etc. that discharge between a positive electrode and a negative electrode
Battery.And material is converted by taking+divalent metal oxide as an example, it may occur that similar following variation：
2Li++MeO+2e-→Li2O+Me0
And after conversion reaction, it is also possible to the alloy process of diversified forms can occur, such as：
Lim+Me0 n→LimMe0 n
It can be released more than 1000mAh.g during the two-1Specific capacity, thus it is high to obtain investigation of materials personnel
The attention of degree.However as previously mentioned, to take into account the high rate performance of material, circulation volume retention property still extremely difficult.Metal oxygen
These conversion negative materials of compound, sulfide, phosphide, carbonate, chloride obtain more research, these conversion alloys
Type negative material is all often monometallic compound.In addition, reserves of the elemental lithium in the earth's crust are very low, rare lithium resource makes
Following lithium ion battery cost constantly rises.Seeking a kind of electrochemical energy storing device of alternative low cost becomes urgently to be resolved hurrily
The problem of.The electrochemical properties of magnesium are similar with lithium, and earth rich reserves, are to be expected in future replace most having for lithium ion battery uncommon
The selection of prestige.
As lithium ion transition material, the Magnesium ion battery negative material of alloy mechanism is it can also happen that following electrification
Learn reaction：
Mg2++MeO+2e-→MgO+Me0
Mgm+Me0 n→MgmMe0 n
And larger specific capacity can be released, however generally since magnesium ion ionic radius is larger, electrode potential is low,
Migration velocity in electrode material is slow, and the battery performances such as energy density, power density still have very big compared with lithium ion battery
Gap.And the cathode candidate material of Magnesium ion battery is few, studies at present it also very not enough.
Perovskite structure ABO3Type oxide obtains important application in solar cells recently.Its structure is A
The larger cation of radius is in 12 coordination structures, in the hole being made of octahedron；B are transition metal element class
Compared with small cation, octahedral coordination is formed with six oxonium ions.Change the element of A, the element species of B location, A, B location by it
His same valence state or the atomic component of aliovalent state substitute all there may be different types of lattice defect, have so as to become
The functional material of different functionalities.ABO3Type oxide can carry out alloy with two kinds of metals and react when carrying out alloy reaction,
There may be the Alloy solid solutions of a variety of phases, due to bimetallic interaction, it is also possible to generate completely different with monometallic
Electrochemical properties, therefore ABO3Type oxide is likely to become a kind of high-performance Magnesium ion battery negative material, may carry
For near or above 300mAh.g-1Specific capacity, magnesium ion enter or abjection material volume variation it is also smaller；However the material
Research and development in Magnesium ion battery is substantially at blank.And its main problem is：1, ionic conductivity and electronic conductance
Rate is relatively low；2, the product magnesia after conversion reaction is electronic body and its magnesium ion Diffusion Activation Energy is also higher, cause compared with
Big activation polarization；3, synthesis temperature is higher, be easy to cause growing up and reuniting for crystal grain.
For these problems, these problems can be extenuated to a certain extent by changing the pattern of material, such as by of material
The scale of particle size reduction to nanometer can reduce the approach of magnesium ion diffusion, shorten the diffusion time of magnesium ion to improve material
Dynamic performance；Too small granularity also easily causes the difficulty of electronic conduction between particle；Reunion between same particle or
Excessive particle easily causes the problems such as infiltration of electrolyte between particles is difficult, and magnesium ion migration velocity is slow.
Therefore it is perovskite structure oxide work to develop a kind of perovskite structure oxide with excellent electrochemical performance
For the key of secondary Magnesium ion battery negative material application.
Invention content
The present invention proposes a kind of electric field regulation and control selective freezing synthesis perovskite MgNbO for existing background technology3Magnesium from
Sub- cell negative electrode material and preparation method thereof, it is characterized in that：Changed using the electric field for applying specific direction in high temperature solid state reaction
Become the crystallization property with lattice defect crystal, grows to form cylindrical shape particle along direction of an electric field；Cylindrical shape particle simultaneously
The non-homogeneous crystallization on surface unevenly adheres to sintering aid at the big position of surface curvature radius and part adhesive becomes continuous more
Hole pattern；Such pattern advantageously reduces crystal boundary resistance, improves locomitivity of the magnesium ion in lattice；Form continuous electricity
Son migration network, reduces electromigration resistance；Increase the contact area with electrolyte, accelerates electrolyte and the magnesium ion in lattice
The rate of transfer ability and redox reaction；Such structure also has certain structural rigidity, is in charge and discharge process
Material volume changes to form buffering to form high performance Magnesium ion battery negative material.
This electric field regulation and control selective freezing synthesis perovskite MgNbO3Magnesium ion battery negative material, preparation method are：
Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, niobium hydroxide are put into the ratio of the amount 1: 1 of substance in ball mill, the mass ratio of ball milling and material is
20: 1, with 200-400 revs/min of speed ball milling 10-20 hours.By the material after ball milling with 2-10 DEG C/minute in tube furnace
The speed of clock is warming up to after 800-900 DEG C the both ends in tube furnace and applies a DC voltage, voltage 600-900V, in this temperature
30 DEG C are cooled to the furnace after keeping the temperature 3-6 hours under lower and electric field；Material after cooling is ground 5-15 minutes in mortar, poly-
Tetrafluoroethene agitating paddle is persistently stirred with the speed of 900-1200rpm in lower immersion 30 DEG C of lithium metaborate saturated solutions of constant temperature, partially
The mass ratio of the quality of lithium borate saturated solution and the material after cooling of immersion is 10: 1, will after persistently stirring 5-10 minutes
Thermostat temperature is reduced to 18-22 DEG C and continues stirring 5-15 minutes, filters thereafter, the dry 5- in 120-160 DEG C of drying box
10 hours.Then the material after drying is warming up to 450-550 DEG C and herein temperature in tube furnace with 2-10 DEG C/min of speed
Electric field regulation and control selective freezing synthesis perovskite MgNbO is made for 3-5 hours in degree lower heat preservation3Magnesium ion battery negative material.
Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows：Utilize the electricity for applying specific direction in high temperature solid state reaction
Field changes the crystallization property with lattice defect crystal, grows to form cylindrical shape particle along direction of an electric field；Cylindrical shape simultaneously
The non-homogeneous crystallization of particle surface and unevenly adhere to sintering aid at the big position of surface curvature radius and part adhesive becomes
Continuous poriferous pattern；Such pattern advantageously reduces crystal boundary resistance, improves locomitivity of the magnesium ion in lattice；The company of being formed
Continuous electron transfer network reduces electromigration resistance；Increase the contact area with electrolyte, accelerates in electrolyte and lattice
The rate of magnesium ion transfer ability and redox reaction；Such structure also has certain structural rigidity, is charge and discharge
Material volume in journey changes to form buffering to form high performance Magnesium ion battery negative material.
Description of the drawings
Charging capacity, discharge capacity and the efficiency for charge-discharge figure of preceding 10 cycles of Fig. 1 materials, voltage range 0.1V-
3.0V, charging and discharging currents 0.5C.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with embodiment, present invention is further described in detail.
Embodiment 1：Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, niobium hydroxide are put into the ratio of the amount 1: 1 of substance in ball mill, ball milling
It is 20: 1 with the mass ratio of material, with 400 revs/min of speed ball milling 20 hours.By the material after ball milling in tube furnace with
10 DEG C/min of speed is warming up to after 900 DEG C the both ends in tube furnace and applies a DC voltage, voltage 900V, in this temperature
30 DEG C are cooled to the furnace after keeping the temperature 5 hours under lower and electric field；Material after cooling is ground 12 minutes in mortar, in polytetrafluoro
Ethylene agitating paddle is persistently stirred with the speed of 1200rpm in lower immersion 30 DEG C of lithium metaborate saturated solutions of constant temperature, and lithium metaborate is full
Mass ratio with the material after cooling of the quality and immersion of solution is 10: 1, and after persistently stirring 9 minutes, thermostat temperature is reduced to
22 DEG C and continue stirring 15 minutes, filters thereafter, dry 10 hours in 160 DEG C of drying box.Then by the material after drying
550 DEG C being warming up to 10 DEG C/min of speed in tube furnace and keep the temperature 5 hours at this temperature, electric field regulation and control selection is made
Crystallization synthesis perovskite MgNbO3Magnesium ion battery negative material.
Embodiment 2：Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, niobium hydroxide are put into the ratio of the amount 1: 1 of substance in ball mill, ball milling
It is 20: 1 with the mass ratio of material, with 400 revs/min of speed ball milling 15 hours.By the material after ball milling with 8 in tube furnace
DEG C/min speed be warming up to after 900 DEG C the both ends in tube furnace apply a DC voltage, voltage 900V, at this temperature
And cool to 30 DEG C with the furnace after under electric field keeping the temperature 5 hours；Material after cooling is ground 12 minutes in mortar, in polytetrafluoroethyl-ne
Alkene agitating paddle is persistently stirred with the speed of 1000rpm in lower immersion 30 DEG C of lithium metaborate saturated solutions of constant temperature, lithium metaborate saturation
The mass ratio of the quality of solution and the material after cooling of immersion is 10: 1, and after persistently stirring 7 minutes, thermostat temperature is reduced to 20
DEG C and continue stirring 10 minutes, to filter thereafter, dry 8 hours in 140 DEG C of drying box.Then by the material after drying in pipe
500 DEG C being warming up to 8 DEG C/min of speed in formula stove and keep the temperature 4 hours at this temperature, electric field regulation and control selective freezing is made
Synthesize perovskite MgNbO3Magnesium ion battery negative material.
Embodiment 3：Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, niobium hydroxide are put into the ratio of the amount 1: 1 of substance in ball mill, ball milling
It is 20: 1 with the mass ratio of material, with 200 revs/min of speed ball milling 10 hours.By the material after ball milling with 2 in tube furnace
DEG C/min speed be warming up to after 800 DEG C the both ends in tube furnace apply a DC voltage, voltage 600V, at this temperature
And cool to 30 DEG C with the furnace after under electric field keeping the temperature 3 hours；Material after cooling is ground 6 minutes in mortar, in polytetrafluoroethyl-ne
Alkene agitating paddle is persistently stirred with the speed of 900rpm in lower immersion 30 DEG C of lithium metaborate saturated solutions of constant temperature, and lithium metaborate saturation is molten
The mass ratio of the quality of liquid and the material after cooling of immersion is 10: 1, and after five minutes, thermostat temperature is reduced to 18 DEG C for lasting stirring
And continue stirring 5 minutes, and it filters thereafter, it is 5 hours dry in 120 DEG C of drying box.Then by the material after drying in tubular type
450 DEG C being warming up to 3 DEG C/min of speed in stove and keep the temperature 3 hours at this temperature, electric field regulation and control selective freezing conjunction is made
At perovskite MgNbO3Magnesium ion battery negative material.
Embodiment 4：Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, niobium hydroxide are put into the ratio of the amount 1: 1 of substance in ball mill, ball milling
It is 20: 1 with the mass ratio of material, with 300 revs/min of speed ball milling 15 hours.By the material after ball milling with 8 in tube furnace
DEG C/min speed be warming up to after 850 DEG C the both ends in tube furnace apply a DC voltage, voltage 900V, at this temperature
And cool to 30 DEG C with the furnace after under electric field keeping the temperature 6 hours；Material after cooling is ground 15 minutes in mortar, in polytetrafluoroethyl-ne
Alkene agitating paddle is persistently stirred with the speed of 1000rpm in lower immersion 30 DEG C of lithium metaborate saturated solutions of constant temperature, lithium metaborate saturation
The mass ratio of the quality of solution and the material after cooling of immersion is 10: 1, and after persistently stirring 7 minutes, thermostat temperature is reduced to 18
DEG C and continue stirring 5 minutes, to filter thereafter, dry 5 hours in 120 DEG C of drying box.Then by the material after drying in pipe
520 DEG C being warming up to 8 DEG C/min of speed in formula stove and keep the temperature 5 hours at this temperature, electric field regulation and control selective freezing is made
Synthesize perovskite MgNbO3Magnesium ion battery negative material.
Embodiment 5：Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, niobium hydroxide are put into the ratio of the amount 1: 1 of substance in ball mill, ball milling
It is 20: 1 with the mass ratio of material, with 400 revs/min of speed ball milling 20 hours.By the material after ball milling with 6 in tube furnace
DEG C/min speed be warming up to after 850 DEG C the both ends in tube furnace apply a DC voltage, voltage 800V, at this temperature
And cool to 30 DEG C with the furnace after under electric field keeping the temperature 5 hours；Material after cooling is ground 12 minutes in mortar, in polytetrafluoroethyl-ne
Alkene agitating paddle is persistently stirred with the speed of 1100rpm in lower immersion 30 DEG C of lithium metaborate saturated solutions of constant temperature, lithium metaborate saturation
The mass ratio of the quality of solution and the material after cooling of immersion is 10: 1, and after persistently stirring 7 minutes, thermostat temperature is reduced to 20
DEG C and continue stirring 12 minutes, to filter thereafter, dry 7 hours in 150 DEG C of drying box.Then by the material after drying in pipe
500 DEG C being warming up to 8 DEG C/min of speed in formula stove and keep the temperature 5 hours at this temperature, electric field regulation and control selective freezing is made
Synthesize perovskite MgNbO3Magnesium ion battery negative material.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of electric field regulation and control selective freezing synthesis perovskite MgNbO3The preparation method of Magnesium ion battery negative material, feature
For：Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, niobium hydroxide are put into the ratio of the amount 1: 1 of substance in ball mill, the quality of ball milling and material
Than being 20: 1, with 200-400 revs/min of speed ball milling 10-20 hours；By the material after ball milling with 2-10 in tube furnace
DEG C/min speed be warming up to after 800-900 DEG C the both ends in tube furnace apply a DC voltage, voltage 600-900V,
30 DEG C are cooled to the furnace after keeping the temperature 3-6 hours at a temperature of this and under electric field；Material after cooling is ground to 5-15 points in mortar
It is molten to immerse 30 DEG C of lithium metaborate saturations of constant temperature in the case where Teflon stir paddle is persistently stirred with the speed of 900-1200rpm for clock
In liquid, the mass ratio of the quality of lithium metaborate saturated solution and the material after cooling of immersion is 10: 1, persistently stirs 5-10 points
Zhong Hou, thermostat temperature are reduced to 18-22 DEG C and continue stirring 5-15 minutes, filter thereafter, done in 120-160 DEG C of drying box
It is 5-10 hours dry；Then by the material after drying in tube furnace with 2-10 DEG C/min of speed be warming up to 450-550 DEG C and
3-5 hours are kept the temperature at a temperature of this, and electric field regulation and control selective freezing synthesis perovskite MgNbO is made3Magnesium ion battery negative material.
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