CN107368764B - 电磁耦合读取器 - Google Patents

电磁耦合读取器 Download PDF

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CN107368764B
CN107368764B CN201710333969.4A CN201710333969A CN107368764B CN 107368764 B CN107368764 B CN 107368764B CN 201710333969 A CN201710333969 A CN 201710333969A CN 107368764 B CN107368764 B CN 107368764B
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E.迪兰
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
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    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及电磁耦合读取器(10),包括:天线(11),管理模块(12),以及监控单元(15),‑所述监控单元(15)包括被配置为限制能量消耗的睡眠模式,使得能够从睡眠模式提取所述监控单元(15)的第一唤醒信号(16),所述管理模块(12)包括节能模式,所述节能模式包括以规则的间隔(dt1)测量所述天线(11)的阻抗,以便检测授权电磁耦合的外围设备的存在,在检测到外围设备时所述唤醒信号(16)被所述管理模块(12)激活,所述电磁耦合读取器(10)包括第二唤醒信号(17),所述第二唤醒信号由配置成以规则的间隔从所述睡眠模式提取所述监控单元(15)的时钟(18)控制。

Description

电磁耦合读取器
技术领域
本发明涉及具有各种可能应用的电磁耦合读取器。
本发明特别有利地应用于对于集成到能够集中打开车门的机动车辆中的读取器。
背景技术
电磁耦合最初被开发用于识别标记(在英文文献中也称为标签)。为此,电磁耦合读取器包括配备有天线的电子卡,该天线能够与标签的天线进行电磁耦合,以便对设置在标签上的芯片进行无线供电。然后,标签的天线将芯片上存在的信息发送到读取器,以便识别标签。该技术被称为RFID,是射频识别的首字母缩略词。RFID技术使得可以创建访问控制、条形码读取、行李追溯等应用。
此外,最近的发展涉及使用RFID技术来执行接近交易。
为了使交换标准化,创建了NFC(近场通信)标准。该标准由文档ECMA 340、ETSI TS102190、ISO/CEI 14443和ISO/IEC 18092定义,这些文档管理针对调制、编码、数据传输速度、帧格式的协议以及防撞所需的初始化协议。
随着NFC技术的发展,电磁耦合读取器现在可以检测到具有标签的虚拟化模式(也称为HCE(主机卡仿真))的智能手机的存在。因此,电磁耦合读取器可以通过集成标签的键或具有HCE虚拟化模式的智能手机来控制机动车辆的打开。
更具体地讲,本发明涉及降低在两种操作模式下操作的电磁耦合读取器的功耗的问题。
电磁耦合读取器通常包括:
-天线,其被配置为执行电磁耦合,
-管理模块,其被配置为在所述天线上调制和传输输入信号,并且解调和传输由所述天线接收到的输出信号;以及
-监控单元,其被配置为生成所述输入信号并且以一定方式分析所述输出信号以组织无线通信。
使用包括功能受限的睡眠模式的监控单元在现有技术中是熟知的。例如,在睡眠模式下,监控单元不能产生输入信号或分析输出信号。由此可见,监控单元的[能量]消耗在睡眠模式中受到很大限制。此外,在睡眠模式中,可以通过连接到管理模块的唤醒信号唤醒监控单元。
第一节能模式包括使用管理模块上的时间延迟周期性地唤醒监控单元。然后监控单元生成输入信号,以便检测外部外围设备的存在。如果天线上未接收到响应于输入信号的信号,则监控单元断定在天线范围内没有外部外围设备并且返回到睡眠模式。
否则,建立射频通信,例如,以检测外部外围设备是否具有对机动车辆的解锁权。所述第一节能模式具有检测所有外围设备的优点:具有HCE虚拟化模式的标签或智能电话。然而,监控单元生成输入信号和等待输出信号的激活时间长。结果是[能量]消耗仍然很大。
为了进一步降低消耗,第二节能模式能够使管理模块周期性地测量天线的阻抗。实际上,具有HCE虚拟化模式的智能手机可以在天线上产生电磁耦合并修改天线的阻抗。只有当具有HCE虚拟化模式的智能手机被管理模块实际检测到时才执行监控单元的唤醒。该第二节能模式降低了消耗,但是不能检测标签,因为它们的存在不足以改变读取器天线的阻抗。
此外,对于这两种节能模式,当管理模块和监控单元之间的唤醒信号的传输有缺陷时,存在发生电磁耦合读取器故障的风险。实际上,电路可以物理地断开或对电磁干扰敏感。
本发明的技术问题是获得[能量]消耗降低的电磁耦合读取器,允许检测具有HCE虚拟化模式的标签和智能手机,同时限制故障的风险。
发明内容
为了解决技术问题,本领域技术人员会使用集成两种节能模式的部件,诸如由
Figure GDA0002986020600000021
提供的编号为CLCC663的部件。
此外,为了防止唤醒信号的故障,本领域技术人员会复制唤醒信号和/或改善唤醒信号的稳定性或屏蔽。
本发明旨在通过使用集成由管理模块管理的第二节能模式的电磁耦合读取器,并且通过集成另一个独立于管理模块并且被配置为周期性地唤醒监控单元的节能模式来解决所述技术问题。
为此,本发明涉及电磁耦合读取器,其包括:
-天线,其被配置为执行电磁耦合,
-管理模块,其被配置为在所述天线上调制和传输输入信号,并且解调和传输由所述天线接收到的输出信号,
-监控单元,其被配置为生成所述输入信号并且以一定方式分析所述输出信号以组织无线通信,
-所述监控单元包括被配置为限制能量消耗的睡眠模式、能够使所述监控单元退出所述睡眠模式的第一唤醒信号,
-所述管理模块包括节能模式,其包括以规则的间隔测量所述天线的阻抗,以便检测授权电磁耦合的外围设备的存在,在检测到外围设备时所述唤醒信号被所述管理模块激活,以及
-第二唤醒信号,其由配置成以规则的间隔从所述睡眠模式提取所述监控单元的时钟控制。
因此,本发明可以通过分析天线的阻抗,以少量的能量检测具有HCE虚拟化模式的智能手机。此外,监控单元被周期性地唤醒,以检测标签的存在。
而且,由独立于管理模块的设备来确保监控单元的周期性唤醒:第二唤醒信号和时钟。根据本发明,可以将时钟和第二唤醒信号集成到监控单元中或者在支持监控单元的电子卡上实现。
因此,本发明使得可以承受第一唤醒信号的故障。此外,当第一唤醒信号有缺陷时,电磁耦合读取器通过只使用由时钟和第二唤醒信号生成的周期性唤醒相位以降低的性能继续工作。
根据本发明的一个实施例,所述第二唤醒信号的所述规则的间隔大于所述节能模式的所述规则的间隔。所述实施例使得可以限制消耗,因为监控单元比管理模块消耗更多的能量。
根据本发明的一个实施例,所述第二唤醒信号的所述规则的间隔具有大于1s的周期。优选地,所述第二唤醒信号的所述规则的间隔具有基本上等于2s的周期。该实施例使得可以在检测时间与消耗之间获得良好的折中。
根据本发明的一个实施例,所述节能模式具有等待周期和检测周期。优选地,所述等待周期在35与45ms之间。
甚至更优选地,所述等待周期基本上等于40ms。优选地,所述检测周期在50与150μs之间。甚至更优选地,所述检测周期基本上等于100μs。
节能模式的所述配置值使得可以获得每小时[能量]消耗小于1mA的电磁耦合读取器。
根据一个实施例,所述监控单元实现NFC协议。
附图说明
实施本发明的方法及其优点将通过以下由附图提供的非限制性实例所给出的实施例的公开内容而变得显而易见,其中图1至图4表示:
-图1:根据本发明的第一实施例的电磁耦合读取器的示意图;
-图2:根据本发明的第二实施例的电磁耦合读取器的示意图;
-图3:图1的电磁耦合读取器的管理模块的操作的时序表示;以及
-图4:图1的电磁耦合读取器的监控单元的操作的时序表示。
具体实施方式
图1示出了电磁耦合读取器10,其包括连接到管理模块12的天线11。天线11优选地以贴片天线的形式制造,其具有在其上设置有导电材料电路的基板。在天线11的导电材料上引入电流,以产生磁场。
管理模块12以一定方式产生由天线11发射的电流的调制,以便传输由管理模块12接收到的输入信号13。管理模块12还分析由天线11接收到的信号并执行解调,以获得输出信号14。
将输入信号13和输出信号14连接到组织无线通信的监控单元15。该通信可以利用所有可能的电磁耦合通信协议。
优选地,NFC技术的电磁耦合协议由监控单元15实现。监控单元15可以是微控制器、微处理器、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或任何其他等效部件。
管理模块12集成了LPCD节能模式,如图3所示。为了限制总电流消耗,管理模块12具有其中管理模块12使用少量电流I1的等待周期Std和其中管理模块12使用较大量电流I2的检测周期。在检测周期中,管理模块12测量天线11的阻抗,以便确定外部外围设备是否正在向天线11施加磁场。当没有检测到天线11的阻抗改变时,进行包括等待周期Std和检测周期的新循环。没有检测的所述循环的周期被表示为dt1。例如,可以将
Figure GDA0002986020600000051
的CLRC663、MFRC631、MFRC630、SLRC610用作管理模块12。
所述检测和等待周期Std的精确配置使得可以在检测反应性与[能量]消耗的降低之间实现有效的折中。优选地,所述等待周期在35与45ms之间。优选地,所述等待周期基本上等于40ms。优选地,所述检测周期在50与150μs之间。优选地,所述检测周期基本上等于100μs。
监控单元15还具有图4所示的睡眠模式Slp。为了限制总电流消耗,监控单元15具有其中监控单元15使用少量电流I3的睡眠周期Slp和其中监控单元15使用较大量电流I4的激活周期。在激活周期中,监控单元15根据预定义的协议发出输入信号13并等待输出信号14的响应。当未接收到输出信号14时,监控单元15返回到睡眠模式Slp。
为了从睡眠模式Slp提取监控单元15,第一唤醒信号16连接在管理模块12与监控单元15之间,以便在管理模块12的检测周期内检测到外部外围设备的存在时唤醒监控单元15。
本发明还建议使用由时钟18供电的第二唤醒信号17,时钟18被配置为周期性地唤醒监控单元15。优选地,监控单元15的唤醒周期dt2大于管理模块12的激活周期dt1。优选地,监控单元15的唤醒周期dt2大于1s。甚至更优选地,监控单元15的唤醒周期dt2基本上等于2s。
监控单元15还传输时钟信号20,以便对监控单元15与管理模块12之间的交换进行计时。
最后,将电磁耦合读取器10连接到外部电源21,为监控单元15、管理模块12和时钟18供电。
作为另外一种选择,如图2所示,可以在不改变本发明的情况下将时钟18集成到监控单元15中。在该实施例中,第二唤醒信号17为监控单元15中的内部信号。
因此,本发明使得可以检测具有HCE虚拟化模式的标签或智能手机的存在。当外部外围设备对应于具有HCE虚拟化模式的智能手机时,管理模块12通过测量天线11的阻抗快速地进行检测。此外,当监控单元15被时钟18唤醒时可以检测到标签。
而且,本发明的电磁耦合读取器10还使得可以在第一唤醒信号16不活动时检测具有HCE虚拟化模式的智能手机。

Claims (10)

1.一种电磁耦合读取器(10),包括:
-天线(11),所述天线(11)被配置为执行电磁耦合,
-管理模块(12),所述管理模块被配置为在所述天线(11)上调制和传输输入信号(13),并且解调和传输由所述天线(11)接收到的输出信号(14),
-监控单元(15),所述监控单元被配置为生成所述输入信号(13)并且以一定方式分析所述输出信号(14)以组织无线通信,
-所述监控单元(15)包括被配置为限制能量消耗的睡眠模式(Slp)、能够使所述监控单元(15)退出所述睡眠模式(Slp)的第一唤醒信号(16),
-所述管理模块(12)包括节能模式(LPCD),所述节能模式包括以规则的间隔dt1测量所述天线(11)的阻抗,以便检测授权电磁耦合的外围设备的存在,在检测到外围设备时所述第一唤醒信号(16)被所述管理模块(12)激活,以及
-第二唤醒信号(17),所述第二唤醒信号由配置成以规则的间隔dt2从所述睡眠模式提取所述监控单元(15)的时钟(18)控制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电磁耦合读取器,其中所述第二唤醒信号(17)的所述规则的间隔dt2大于所述节能模式(LPCD)的所述规则的间隔dt1。
3.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的电磁耦合读取器,其中所述第二唤醒信号(17)的所述规则的间隔dt2具有大于1s的周期。
4.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的电磁耦合读取器,其中所述第二唤醒信号(17)的所述规则的间隔dt2具有等于2s的周期。
5.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的电磁耦合读取器,其中所述节能模式(LPCD)具有等待周期(Std)和检测周期。
6.根据权利要求5所述的电磁耦合读取器,其中所述等待周期(Std)在35与45ms之间。
7.根据权利要求5所述的电磁耦合读取器,其中所述等待周期(Std)等于40ms。
8.根据权利要求5所述的电磁耦合读取器,其中所述检测周期在50与150µs之间。
9.根据权利要求5所述的电磁耦合读取器,其中所述检测周期等于100µs。
10.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的电磁耦合读取器,其中所述监控单元(15)实现NFC协议。
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